| disruption of the crossover helix impairs dihydrofolate reductase activity in the bifunctional enzyme ts-dhfr from cryptosporidium hominis. | in contrast with most species, including humans, which have monofunctional forms of the folate biosynthetic enzymes ts (thymidylate synthase) and dhfr (dihydrofolate reductase), several pathogenic protozoal parasites, including cryptosporidium hominis, contain a bifunctional form of the enzymes on a single polypeptide chain having both catalytic activities. the crystal structure of the bifunctional enzyme ts-dhfr c. hominis reveals a dimer with a 'crossover helix', a swap domain between dhfr dom ... | 2009 | 18851711 |
| infection risk assessment of diarrhea-related pathogens in a tropical canal network. | a quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) of cryptosporidium, giardia and diarrhegenic escherichia coli (dec) infection was performed using monte carlo simulations to estimate the human health risks associated with the use of canal water for recreational purposes, unrestricted and restricted irrigation in a tropical peri-urban area. three canals receiving municipal, agricultural, and, predominantly, industrial wastewater were investigated. identification of pathogenic protozoans revealed t ... | 2008 | 18954895 |
| unusual cryptosporidium genotypes in human cases of diarrhea. | several cryptosporidium spp. are known to infect humans, but most cases of illness are caused by cryptosporidium hominis or c. parvum. during a long-term genotyping in the united kingdom, we identified 3 unusual cryptosporidium genotypes (skunk, horse, and rabbit) in human patients with diarrhea. | 2008 | 18976577 |
| terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism for identification of cryptosporidium species in human feces. | effective management of human cryptosporidiosis requires efficient methods for detection and identification of the species of cryptosporidium isolates. identification of isolates to the species level is not routine for diagnostic assessment of cryptosporidiosis, which leads to uncertainty about the epidemiology of the cryptosporidium species that cause human disease. we developed a rapid and reliable method for species identification of cryptosporidium oocysts from human fecal samples using term ... | 2009 | 18978074 |
| detection of cryptosporidium spp. from human faeces by pcr-rflp, cloning and sequencing. | in this study, we compared and validated a nested abc polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) assay to amplify cryptosporidium parvum oocyst wall protein (cowp) gene fragment with a previous nested pcr-rflp method. when rflp of cowp gene did not provide clear results, we further analysed samples by cloning and sequencing for species and genotype identification. abc-pcr was performed on dna extracted from human faecal samples collected in england where crypto ... | 2009 | 18979120 |
| identification of cryptosporidium species infecting humans in tunisia. | prevalence and species distribution of cryptosporidium spp. were determined among 633 immunocompetent children less than five years of age and 75 patients hospitalized for immunodeficiency who lived in northern tunisia. microscopy was used for initial screening to detect positive samples and a nested polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to determine the species. cryptosporidium spp. was identified in 2.7% of cases (19 stool samples), and there ... | 2008 | 18981507 |
| complete development and multiplication of cryptosporidium hominis in cell-free culture. | the present study reports for the first time the completion of the life cycle of cryptosporidium hominis in cell-free culture and multiplication of the parasite via qpcr. individual life-cycle stages were characterised using cryptosporidium-specific antibody staining (sporo-glo) and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (fish) staining on cultures inoculated with excysted oocysts and purified sporozoites. in both cultures, c. hominis successfully proliferated and completed its life cycle, however de ... | 2010 | 20092948 |
| evidence supporting zoonotic transmission of cryptosporidium in rural new south wales. | cryptosporidium hominis, which has an anthroponotic transmission cycle and cryptosporidium parvum, which is zoonotic, are the primary species of cryptosporidium that infect humans. the present study identified the species/genotypes and subgenotypes of cryptosporidium in 7 human and 15 cattle cases of sporadic cryptosporidiosis in rural western nsw during the period from november 2005 to january 2006. the species/genotype of isolates was determined by pcr sequence analysis of the 18s rrna and c. ... | 2008 | 18343369 |
| antigenic differences within the cryptosporidium hominis and cryptosporidium parvum surface proteins p23 and gp900 defined by monoclonal antibody reactivity. | the biological basis for the specificity of host infectivity patterns of cryptosporidium spp., in particular c. hominis and c. parvum, has yet to be fully elucidated. comparison of the c. parvum and c. hominis p23 and gp900 predicted amino acid sequences revealed 3 differences in p23 and 4 and 17 differences in gp900 domains 1 and 5, respectively. using monoclonal antibodies developed against the surface (glyco)proteins p23 and gp900 of the c. parvum iowa isolate, solubilized glycoprotein from t ... | 2008 | 18400317 |
| unique cryptosporidium population in hiv-infected persons, jamaica. | a cryptosporidiosis survey showed the presence of cryptosporidium hominis, c. parvum, c. canis, and c. felis in 25, 7, 1, and 1 hiv-positive persons from jamaica, respectively; 1 person had both c. hominis and c. felis. multilocus sequence typing indicated the presence of a homogeneous but geographically distinct c. hominis population in jamaica. | 2008 | 18439378 |
| high resolution melting-curve (hrm) analysis for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in humans. | cryptosporidiosis of humans is an intestinal disease caused predominantly by infection with cryptosporidium hominis or c. parvum. this disease is transmitted mainly via the faecal-oral route (water or food) and has major socioeconomic impact globally. the diagnosis and genetic characterization of the main species and population variants (also called "genotypes" and "subgenotypes") of cryptosporidium infecting humans is central to the prevention, surveillance and control of cryptosporidiosis, par ... | 2009 | 19013516 |
| novel non-active site inhibitor of cryptosporidium hominis ts-dhfr identified by a virtual screen. | the essential enzyme thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase (ts-dhfr) is a validated drug target for many pathogens, but has been elusive in cryptosporidium hominis, as active site inhibitors of the enzymes from related parasitic protozoa show decreased potency and lack of species specificity over the human enzymes. as a rational approach to discover novel inhibitors, we conducted a virtual screen of a non-active site pocket in the dhfr linker region. from this screen, we have identified a ... | 2009 | 19059777 |
| cryptosporidium hominis in a goat and a sheep in the uk. | | 2009 | 19122222 |
| a foodborne outbreak of cryptosporidium hominis infection. | foodborne outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis are uncommon. in denmark human cases are generally infrequently diagnosed. in 2005 an outbreak of diarrhoea affected company employees near copenhagen. in all 99 employees were reported ill; 13 were positive for cryptosporidium hominis infection. two analytical epidemiological studies were performed; an initial case-control study followed by a cohort study using an electronic questionnaire. disease was associated with eating from the canteen salad bar on ... | 2009 | 19134228 |
| long-term cryptosporidium typing reveals the aetiology and species-specific epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in england and wales, 2000 to 2003. | to improve understanding of the aetiology and epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis, over 8,000 cryptosporidium isolates were submitted for typing to the species level over a four year period. the majority were either cryptosporidium parvum (45.9%) or cryptosporidium hominis (49.2%). dual infection occurred in 40 (0.5%) cases and six other known cryptosporidium species or genotypes were found in 67 (0.9%) cases. these were cryptosporidium meleagridis, cryptosporidium felis, cryptosporidium can ... | 2009 | 19161717 |
| cryptosporidium: genomic and biochemical features. | recent progress in understanding the unique biochemistry of the two closely related human enteric pathogens cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis has been stimulated by the elucidation of the complete genome sequences for both pathogens. much of the work that has occurred since that time has been focused on understanding the metabolic pathways encoded by the genome in hopes of providing increased understanding of the parasite biology, and in the identification of novel targets for p ... | 2010 | 19187778 |
| prospective case-control study of the association between common enteric protozoal parasites and diarrhea in bangladesh. | the parasitic causes of diarrhea have historically been identified by use of microscopy; however, the use of this technique does not allow one to distinguish between subspecies or genotypes of parasites. our objective was to determine, by use of modern diagnostic methods, the proportion of diarrhea cases in bangladesh attributable to cryptosporidium hominis, cryptosporidium parvum, entamoeba histolytica, and giardia lamblia assemblages a and b. | 2009 | 19323634 |
| fate of cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis oocysts and giardia duodenalis cysts during secondary wastewater treatments. | this study investigates the fate of cryptosporidium parvum and c. hominis oocysts and giardia duodenalis cysts at four irish municipal wastewater treatment plants (i.e., plant a, b, c, and d) that utilize sludge activation or biofilm-coated percolating filter systems for secondary wastewater treatment. the fate of these pathogens through the sewage treatment processes was determined based on their viable transmissive stages, i.e., oocysts for cryptosporidium and cysts for giardia. analysis of fi ... | 2009 | 19396463 |
| outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with a splash park - idaho, 2007. | on august 6, 2007, idaho's central district health department (cdhd) received a complaint of several ill persons with watery diarrhea consistent with cryptosporidiosis after attendance at a municipal splash park on july 26. cryptosporidium spp. is a protozoan that causes diarrheal illness and has been implicated previously in recreational water illness outbreaks at splash parks. cdhd and the idaho department of health and welfare (idhw) initiated an investigation of illness among municipal park ... | 2009 | 19521333 |
| meta-analysis of a polymorphic surface glycoprotein of the parasitic protozoa cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis. | due to its extensive polymorphism, a partial sequence of the cryptosporidium surface glycoprotein gene gp60 has been frequently used as a genetic marker. i explored the global diversity of this protein, and compared its sequence diversity in cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis. in marked contrast to the geographical partition of c. parvum and c. hominis multi-locus genotypes, gp60 allelic groups showed no evidence of segregating in space, or of differing with respect to geographic ... | 2009 | 19527551 |
| in silico analysis of the cyclophilin repertoire of apicomplexan parasites. | abstract: | 2009 | 19555495 |
| structures of dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase of trypanosoma cruzi in the folate-free state and in complex with two antifolate drugs, trimetrexate and methotrexate. | the flagellate protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi is the pathogenic agent of chagas disease (also called american trypanosomiasis), which causes approximately 50,000 deaths annually. the disease is endemic in south and central america. the parasite is usually transmitted by a blood-feeding insect vector, but can also be transmitted via blood transfusion. in the chronic form, chagas disease causes severe damage to the heart and other organs. there is no satisfactory treatment for chronic chagas ... | 2009 | 19564691 |
| subtype analysis of cryptosporidium specimens from sporadic cases in colorado, idaho, new mexico, and iowa in 2007: widespread occurrence of one cryptosporidium hominis subtype and case history of an infection with the cryptosporidium horse genotype. | subtyping was conducted in late 2007 on 57 cryptosporidium specimens from sporadic cases in colorado, idaho, new mexico, and iowa. one previously rare cryptosporidium hominis subtype was identified in 40 cases (70%) from all four states, and the cryptosporidium horse genotype was identified in a pet shop employee with severe clinical symptoms. | 2009 | 19587303 |
| parasitological diagnosis combining an internally controlled real-time pcr assay for the detection of four protozoa in stool samples with a testing algorithm for microscopy. | molecular detection of gastrointestinal protozoa is more sensitive and more specific than microscopy but, to date, has not routinely replaced time-consuming microscopic analysis. two internally controlled real-time pcr assays for the combined detection of entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium spp. and dientamoeba fragilis in single faecal samples were compared with triple faeces test (tft) microscopy results from 397 patient samples. additionally, an algorithm for complete para ... | 2009 | 19624500 |
| spatial and temporal epidemiology of sporadic human cryptosporidiosis in scotland. | the spatial and temporal epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis was described by analysing sporadic cases reported in scotland from 2005 to 2007. measures of livestock density and human population density were explored as indicators of the geographical variation in prevalence. cryptosporidium parvum was more common in areas with lower human population densities, with a higher ratio of the number of farms to human inhabitants and with a higher ratio of the number of private water supplies to hum ... | 2010 | 19638164 |
| asymptomatic carriage of protozoan parasites in children in day care centers in the united kingdom. | point prevalence of cryptosporidium and giardia carriage among 230 asymptomatic preschool children attending day-care facilities was 1.3% (95% ci: 0.3%-3.8%) for each parasite, with no dual infections. cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by immunomagnetic separation and immunofluorescence microscopy and genotyped: one isolate was cryptosporidium hominis, the other 2 being skunk and cervine genotypes, rarely found in symptomatic human infection. | 2009 | 19684527 |
| genetic richness and diversity in cryptosporidium hominis and c. parvum reveals major knowledge gaps and a need for the application of "next generation" technologies--research review. | cryptosporidium species (apicomplexan protists) are a major cause of diarrhoeal disease (= cryptosporidiosis) in humans worldwide. the impact of cryptosporidiosis is also compounded by the spread of hiv/aids and a lack of cost-effective anti-cryptosporidial chemotherapeutics or vaccines. mitigation of the impact of cryptosporidiosis in humans needs to focus on prevention and control strategies, built on a sound understanding of the epidemiology of cryptosporidium species. refined epidemiological ... | 2010 | 19699288 |
| combination of arad microfibre filtration and lamp methodology for simple, rapid and cost-effective detection of human pathogenic giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium spp. in drinking water. | in this study, we report a new, simple methodology for the monitoring of cryptosporidium oocysts and giardia cysts in drinking water samples, ranging from 10- to 1000-l, which combines a new arad microfibre filtration of the (oo)cysts from drinking water and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) of a human pathogenic cryptosporidium parvum, cryptosporidium hominis, cryptosporidium meleagridis and giardia duodenalis assemblage a and b specific dna sequence. | 2010 | 19895420 |
| cryptosporidiosis in people: it's not just about the cows. | cryptosporidiosis is one of the most common causes of infectious diarrhea in people. although dairy calves are high-risk hosts, the role of other livestock, pets, and humans in the disease should not be underestimated. some cryptosporidium species and strains are specific to people, others are specific to animals while some are zoonotic pathogens. cryptosporidium hominis is the species responsible for the majority of human cases in the united states, sub-saharan africa, and asia, while cryptospo ... | 2010 | 20041989 |
| a cryptosporidium hominis outbreak in north-west wales associated with low oocyst counts in treated drinking water. | an outbreak in the autumn of 2005 resulted in 218 confirmed cases of cryptosporidium hominis. the attack rate (relative risk 4.1, 95%ci 2.8-9.1) was significantly higher in the population supplied by cwellyn water treatment works (wtw). a case-control study demonstrated a statistically significant association (odds ratio 6.1, 95% ci 1.8-23.8) between drinking unboiled tap water and c. hominis infection. the association remained significant in a logistic regression analysis, with an adjusted odds ... | 2010 | 20154393 |
| analysis of the genetic diversity within cryptosporidium hominis and cryptosporidium parvum from imported and autochtonous cases of human cryptosporidiosis by mutation scanning. | the present study investigated sequence variation in part of the 60 kilodalton glycoprotein (pgp60) gene among cryptosporidium hominis and cryptosporidium parvum isolates (n=115) from citizens of the uk inferred to have been infected whilst travelling abroad (to 25 countries) or in the uk. the genomic dna samples from these isolates were subjected to pcr-coupled single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, followed by targeted sequencing of pgp60. individual samples were classified to the g ... | 2008 | 18991263 |
| cryptosporidium genotype and subtype distribution in raw wastewater in shanghai, china: evidence for possible unique cryptosporidium hominis transmission. | to identify the genotype and subtype distributions of cryptosporidium oocysts in domestic wastewater in shanghai, china, and to facilitate the characterization of the endemic transmission of cryptosporidiosis, raw domestic wastewater samples were collected from four wastewater treatment plants in shanghai, china, from december 2006 to april 2007. genotypes of cryptosporidium species were detected based on pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analyses of the small-subunit rrn ... | 2009 | 19005143 |
| detection of cryptosporidium species and sources of contamination with cryptosporidium hominis during a waterborne outbreak in north west wales. | as part of investigations into the cause of a waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidium hominis infection linked to a mains water supply, surface waters and wastewater treatment plants were tested for cryptosporidium spp. oocyst counts in base flow surface water samples ranged from nil to 29 per 10 l. oocyst counts in effluent from a community wastewater treatment plant were up to 63 fold higher and breakout from one septic tank five logs higher. there were no peak (storm) flow events during the in ... | 2010 | 20154394 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium isolates from humans in ethiopia. | in this study, 1034 faecal samples from patients with diarrhoea were screened for cryptosporidium oocysts. samples were collected from nine different regions in ethiopia. of these, 79 samples (7.6%) were positive for cryptosporidium by modified ziehl-neelson staining. from all positive samples dna was extracted and pcr amplification of the cowp, ssu-rrna and gp60 gene fragments was performed. a total of 41 samples (52%) were positive in any of the three typing methods. the majority of isolates ( ... | 2010 | 20206592 |
| putative cis-regulatory elements associated with heat shock genes activated during excystation of cryptosporidium parvum. | cryptosporidiosis is a ubiquitous infectious disease, caused by the protozoan parasites cryptosporidium hominis and c. parvum, leading to acute, persistent and chronic diarrhea worldwide. although the complications of this disease can be serious, even fatal, in immunocompromised patients of any age, they have also been found to lead to long term effects, including growth inhibition and impaired cognitive development, in infected immunocompetent children. the cryptosporidium life cycle alternates ... | 2010 | 20209102 |
| multilocus genotypic analysis of cryptosporidium isolates from cockatiels, japan. | cryptosporidium is a significant pathogen in humans and animals. cases of infection by cryptosporidium parvum, cryptosporidium meleagridis, and cryptosporidium baileyi with zoonotic potential have also been reported in domestic birds, and recent studies indicate the presence of new host-adapted species or genotypes in birds. it is generally difficult to discriminate accurately among cryptosporidium species and genotypes by light microscopy because of the morphological similarity of their oocysts ... | 2010 | 20339870 |
| identification of a high diversity of cryptosporidium species genotypes and subtypes in a pediatric population in nigeria. | a longitudinal study was conducted to determine the epidemiology of cryptosporidium in 1,636 children in nigeria. oocyst prevalence ranged from 15.6% to 19.6% over one year. cryptosporidium hominis (34), c. parvum (25), c. parvum/c. hominis (4), c. meleagridis (5), cryptosporidium rabbit genotype (5), cryptosporidium cervine genotype (3), and c. canis (1) were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. glycoprotein 60 subgenotyping showed that 28 a ... | 2010 | 20348508 |
| molecular characterization and assessment of zoonotic transmission of cryptosporidium from dairy cattle in west bengal, india. | few studies in the past have examined the genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of cryptosporidium in dairy cattle in india. to assess the importance of these animals as a source of human cryptosporidium infections, fecal samples from 180 calves, heifers and adults and 51 farm workers on two dairy farms in west bengal, india were genotyped by pcr-rflp analysis of the 18s rrna gene of cryptosporidium followed by dna sequencing of the pcr products. phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the d ... | 2010 | 20356678 |
| multisite study of cryptosporidiosis in children with diarrhea in india. | cryptosporidium spp., a common cause of diarrhea in children, were investigated in the first multisite study in india. diarrheal stools from hospitalized children aged <5 years from delhi, trichy, and vellore were analyzed by microscopy, pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp), and/or sequencing at the small-subunit (ssu) rrna and cpgp40/15 loci for species determination and subgenotyping, respectively. seventy of 2,579 (2.7%) children, 75% of whom were <2 years old, had cryptosporid ... | 2010 | 20392919 |
| cryptosporidium hominis and isospora belli diarrhea in travelers returning from west africa. | travel-related diarrhea is common among tourists to developing countries. we report two cases of diarrhea due to cryptosporidium hominis and isospora belli, respectively, in a child and an adult returning from africa, without other associated microorganisms. we emphasize the need to detect underdiagnosed coccidiosis in diarrheic travelers with specific methods. | 2010 | 20412184 |
| highly sensitive non-isotopic restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of nucleotide variability in the gp60 gene within cryptosporidium species, genotypes and subgenotypes infective to humans, and its implications. | the high-resolution analysis of genetic variation has major implications for the identification of parasites and micro-organisms to species and subspecies as well as for population genetic and epidemiological studies. in this study, we critically assessed the effectiveness of a pcr-based restriction endonuclease fingerprinting (ref) method for the detection of mutations in the 60 kda glycoprotein gene (gp60) of cryptosporidium, a genus of parasitic protists of major human and animal health impor ... | 2010 | 20419704 |
| diversity in mitochondrial metabolic pathways in parasitic protists plasmodium and cryptosporidium. | apicomplexans are obligate intracellular parasites and occupy diverse niches. they have remodeled mitochondrial carbon and energy metabolism through reductive evolution. plasmodium lacks mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase and h(+)-translocating nadh dehydrogenase (complex i, ndh1). the mitochondorion contains a minimal mtdna ( approximately 6kb) and carries out oxidative phosphorylation in the insect vector stages, by using 2-oxoglutarate as an alternative means of entry into the tca cycle and ... | 2010 | 20433942 |
| a genome-scale metabolic model of cryptosporidium hominis. | the apicomplexan cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite of humans and other mammals. cryptosporidium species cause acute gastroenteritis and diarrheal disease in healthy humans and animals, and cause life-threatening infection in immunocompromised individuals such as people with aids. the parasite has a one-host life cycle and commonly invades intestinal epithelial cells. the current genome annotation of c. hominis, the most serious human pathogen, predicts 3884 genes of which ca. 1581 have pre ... | 2010 | 20491062 |
| zoonotic cryptosporidiosis in the uk - challenges for control. | the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium infects all classes of vertebrates. of the major human pathogenic species, cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis predominate in the uk. cryptosporidium hominis is a human-adapted species, while c. parvum has many animal hosts and is particularly common in preweaned farmed ruminants. evaluation of zoonotic risks has been provided mainly by descriptive and analytical epidemiological studies and enhanced recently by genetic typing of isolates. the ... | 2010 | 20497274 |
| [the occurrence of cryptosporidium in a group of children and adults with diarrhoea of undetermined earlier aetiology]. | in poland since 2002 it is required to report the cases of human cryptosporidiosis, but so far none has been recorded. the aim of this study was to present some preliminary results of a study on the incidence of cryptosporidium as a pathogen in children and adults with diarrhoea of undetermined aetiology. in 36 out of 246 stool samples collected from hospitalized patients with diarrhoea of undetermined aetiology, invasive parasite oocysts were detected. all positive results were obtained in a gr ... | 2010 | 20499657 |
| occurrence of bile-duct/duodenal abnormalities in nine aids patients co-infected with cryptosporidium hominis and/or c. parvum. | | 2010 | 20507699 |
| silent information regulator 2 proteins encoded by cryptosporidium parasites. | screening in a database has revealed that cryptosporidium hominis encodes a silent information regulator 2 (sir2), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad)-dependent protein deacetylase. cellular localization of the protein, chsir2, was analyzed by the use of the social amoeba dictyostelium discoideum as a model system. fluorescent microscopic analysis showed that chsir2 fused with green fluorescent protein was localized in the d. discoideum nucleus. d. discoideum expressing chsir2 grew faster ... | 2010 | 20563732 |
| biological and genetic characterization of cryptosporidium spp. and giardia duodenalis isolates from five hydrographical basins in northern portugal. | to understand the situation of water contamination with cryptosporidium spp. and giardia spp. in the northern region of portugal, we have established a long-term program aimed at pinpointing the sources of surface water and environmental contamination, working with the water-supply industry. here, we describe the results obtained with raw water samples collected in rivers of the 5 hydrographical basins. a total of 283 samples were analyzed using the method 1623 epa, usa. genetic characterization ... | 2010 | 20585525 |
| re-description of cryptosporidium cuniculus inman and takeuchi, 1979 (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae): morphology, biology and phylogeny. | to provide re-description of cryptosporidium cuniculus inman and takeuchi, 1979 (synonymous with rabbit genotype), a species closely related to cryptosporidium hominis, the morphology, natural and experimental host specificity, and genetic characterisation were investigated. the morphology and diagnostic characteristics are typical of other intestinal species of cryptosporidium, albeit with slightly larger oocysts (5.55-6.40×5.02-5.92 μm; mean 5.98×5.38 μm; length:width=1.1; n=50). natural hosts ... | 2010 | 20600069 |
| epidemiology of anthroponotic and zoonotic human cryptosporidiosis in england and wales, 2004-2006. | in order to monitor epidemiological trends, cryptosporidium-positive samples (n=4509) from diarrhoeic patients were typed. compared to the previous 4 years, the proportion of cryptosporidium hominis cases in 2004-2006 increased to 57·3%, while 38·5% were c. parvum. the remaining 4·2% cases included mixed c. parvum and c. hominis infections, c. meleagridis, c. felis, c. ubiquitum and a novel genotype. when the typing results were combined with enhanced surveillance data to monitor risk exposures, ... | 2011 | 20619076 |
| host immune response to cryptosporidium parvum infection. | species of the genus cryptosporidium are protozoan parasites (apicomplexa) that cause gastroenteritis in animals and humans. of these cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis are the major causative agents of human cryptosporidiosis. whereas infection is self-limiting in the immunocompetent hosts, immunocompromised individuals develop a chronic, life-threatening disease. as specific therapeutic or preventive interventions are not yet available, better understanding of the immune respon ... | 2010 | 20685209 |
| subtypes of cryptosporidium spp. in mice and other small mammals. | dna sequence analysis of the 60 kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene has been used extensively in subtyping cryptosporidium hominis in humans and cryptosporidium parvum in humans and ruminants. in this study, nucleotide sequences of the gp60 gene were obtained from seven cryptosporidium species and genotypes related to the two species. altogether, seven subtype families were detected, including four new subtype families. these data should be useful in studies of the transmission and zoonotic potential o ... | 2011 | 20692256 |
| longitudinal multi-locus molecular characterisation of sporadic australian human clinical cases of cryptosporidiosis from 2005 to 2008. | cryptosporidium is a gastrointestinal parasite that is recognised as a significant cause of non-viral diarrhea in both developing and industrialised countries. in the present study, a longitudinal analysis of 248 faecal specimens from australian humans with gastrointestinal symptoms from 2005 to 2008 was conducted. sequence analysis of the 18s rrna gene locus and the 60kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene locus revealed that 195 (78.6%) of the cases were due to infection with cryptosporidium hominis, 49 ... | 2010 | 20206624 |
| cryptosporidium infection in non-human hosts in malawi. | of 1346 faecal samples from the chikwawa and thyolo districts of malawi, analysed for the presence of cryptosporidium oocysts between october 2001 and may 2003, 61.3% were from cattle (29.8% of these were from calves <6 months old). cryptosporidium oocysts were detected during all three seasons studied in chikwawa and thyolo. in chikwawa, 13.6% of adult cattle and 11.7% of calves were infected, compared to 28.9% of adult cattle and 36.7% of calves in thyolo. dependent on season, between 7.8% and ... | 2009 | 21344786 |
| subtype analysis of cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis isolates from humans and cattle in iran. | cryptosporidium is an intestinal parasite associated with severe acute diarrhea in humans and animals. to investigate subtypes of cryptosporidium spp. isolated from humans and cattle in iran, 47 cryptosporidium parvum (22 from children and 25 from cattle) and three cryptosporidium hominis from children were characterized by sequence analysis of the 60 kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene. nine subtypes (two of c. hominis and seven of c. parvum) in four subtype families were identified. cattle were mainl ... | 2011 | 21376469 |
| [microsporidia and cryptosporidia coinfection in an hiv-infected newborn.] | microsporidiosis and cryptosporidiosis are emerging opportunistic infections responsible for intestinal manifestations that are often severe in immunocompromised patients. a case of microsporidiosis-cryptosporidiosis coinfection is reported in an hiv-infected newborn. the patient was a 17-day-old female, exclusively breastfed and with no contact with animals. microsporidiosis and cryptosporidiosis were diagnosed after systematic screening in stool samples using both specific staining and pcr. tw ... | 2011 | 21458971 |
| detection and resolution of cryptosporidium species and species mixtures by genus-specific nested pcr-rflp, direct sequencing and cloning. | molecular methods, incorporating nested pcr-rflp on the 18s rrna gene of cryptosporidium, were validated to assess performance based on limits of detection (lod) and for detecting and resolving mixtures of species and genotypes within a single sample. the lod(95) was determined for seven species (c. hominis, c. parvum, c. felis, c. meleagridis, c. ubiquitum, c. muris and c. andersoni) and ranged from 7 to 11 plasmid template copies with overlapping 95% confidence limits. the lod for genomic dna ... | 2011 | 21498746 |
| detection of cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis in human patients in cairo, egypt. | cryptosporidium is a significant cause of diarrheal disease in developing and industrialized nations. cryptosporidium hominis and cryptosporidium parvum are the main agents of cryptosporidiosis in humans. in egypt, very little is known about genetic structure of cryptosporidium spp. therefore, this study was designed to examine samples from sporadic cases of cryptosporidiosis in egyptians in order to identify the species involved in infection as well as the transmission dynamics and distribution ... | 2011 | 21607688 |
| fluorescence analysis detects gp60 subtype diversity in cryptosporidium infections. | ninety percent of human cryptosporidiosis infections are attributed to two species; the anthroponotic cryptosporidium hominis and the zoonotic cryptosporidium parvum. sequence analysis of the hypervariable gp60 gene, which is used to classify cryptosporidium to the subtype level, has highlighted extensive intra-species diversity within both c. hominis and c. parvum. the gp60 has also facilitated contamination source tracking and increased understanding of the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis. t ... | 2011 | 21609784 |
| comparison of the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of seven cryptosporidium assays used in the united kingdom. | to compare the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of seven cryptosporidium diagnostic assays used in the uk, results from 259 stool samples from patients with acute gastrointestinal symptoms were compared against a nominated gold standard (real-time pcr and oocyst detection). of the 152 'true positives', 80 were c. hominis, 68 c. parvum, two c. felis, one c. ubiquitum and one c. meleagridis. cryptosporidium spp. diagnostic sensitivities of three cryptosporidium and giardia combination copro- ... | 2011 | 21757501 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium in children in oyo state, nigeria: implications for infection sources. | a study was conducted to detect and identify cryptosporidium spp. in 43 children from oyo state, nigeria. using nested polymerase chain reaction, 11.6% of the children were identified as positive for cryptosporidium spp. restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and dna sequencing of the pcr products showed the presence of three subtype families of cryptosporidium hominis (two isolates of ia and one isolate of ib) and cryptosporidium parvum (two isolates of iic), all anthroponotic in nat ... | 2011 | 21744017 |
| [cryptosporidium infection in patients with major histocompatibility complex class ii deficiency syndrome in tunisia: description of five cases]. | in tunisia, cryptosporidium is frequently identified in diarrheic stools of children and immunocompromised patients. the infection is usually self-limited in immunocompetent populations, but can be severe and life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals. cryptosporidiosis is well-documented in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus; however, few data are available concerning children with primary immunodeficiencies (pids). | 2011 | 21816586 |
| molecular epidemiology and spatial distribution of a waterborne cryptosporidiosis outbreak in australia. | cryptosporidiosis is one of the most common waterborne diseases reported worldwide. outbreaks of this gastrointestinal disease, which is caused by the cryptosporidium parasite, are often attributed to public swimming pools and municipal water supplies. between the months of january and april in 2009, new south wales, australia, experienced the largest waterborne cryptosporidiosis outbreak reported in australia to date. through the course of the contamination event, 1,141 individuals became infec ... | 2011 | 21908623 |
| Under-notification of cryptosporidiosis by routine clinical and laboratory practices among non-hospitalised children with acute diarrhoea in Southern Spain. | INTRODUCTION: In a prevalence study of 400 stool samples from non-hospitalised children under 7 years of age with diarrhoea, the presence of Cryptosporidium was evaluated. METHODS: In addition to standard microbiological analyses used for testing for bacteria, parasites, adenoviruses and reoviruses, all samples were re-evaluated for the presence of Cryptosporidium by means of microscopy using a modified acid-fast staining technique, a rapid immunoassay for the qualitative detection of C. parvum ... | 2011 | 21898121 |
| comparison of assays for sensitive and reproducible detection of cell culture-infectious cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium hominis in drinking water. | this study compared the three most commonly used assays for detecting cryptosporidium sp. infections in cell culture: immunofluorescent antibody and microscopy assay (ifa), pcr targeting cryptosporidium sp.-specific dna, and reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) targeting cryptosporidium sp.-specific mrna. monolayers of hct-8 cells, grown in 8-well chamber slides or 96-well plates, were inoculated with a variety of viable and inactivated oocysts to assess assay performance. all assays detected infe ... | 2012 | 22038611 |
| Cyclospora papionis, Cryptosporidium hominis, and Human-Pathogenic Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Captive Baboons in Kenya. | Cyclospora papionis, Cryptosporidium hominis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were detected in 42 (17.9%), 6 (2.6%), and 29 (12.3%) of 235 newly captured baboons in Kenya, respectively. Most C. hominis subtypes and E. bieneusi genotypes found have been detected in humans in the area, suggesting that cross-species transmission of cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis is possible. | 2011 | 21956988 |
| management of a cryptosporidium hominis outbreak in a day-care center. | background:: cryptosporidium outbreaks in day-care centers (dccs) occur commonly. controlling spread of infection in these settings is difficult, and data about effectiveness of different control strategies are sparse. in this study, a cryptosporidium outbreak in a large dcc located in brussels is described with evaluation of hygienic and therapeutic interventions. methods:: during a 3-week period, 43 of 130 children attending the dcc developed enteric symptoms. stools from 122 children were exa ... | 2011 | 22094626 |
| genotypic characterization of cryptosporidium hominis from water samples in sao paulo, brazil. | the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium has emerged as one of the most important water contaminants, causing waterborne outbreaks of diarrheal diseases worldwide. the small size of oocysts under the microscope and the possibility of changes in characteristics of oocysts, mainly in environmental samples, make the taxonomy of the genus difficult if morphologic characteristics are considered. this limitation encouraged the application of molecular methods to identify this microorganism. the aim of t ... | 2011 | 22049036 |
| a community outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in sydney associated with a public swimming facility: a case-control study. | in february, 2008, the south eastern sydney illawarra public health unit investigated an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis within the south east region of sydney, australia. thirty-one cases with laboratory-confirmed cryptosporidiosis and 97 age- and geographically matched controls selected by random digit dialling were recruited into a case-control study and interviewed for infection risk factors. cryptosporidiosis was associated with swimming at facility a (matched odds ratio = 19.4, 95% confidenc ... | 2011 | 22194741 |
| molecular insights for giardia, cryptosporidium, and soil-transmitted helminths from a facility-based surveillance system in guatemala. | abstract. we molecularly characterized samples with giardia, cryptosporidium, and soil-transmitted helminths from a facility-based surveillance system for diarrhea in santa rosa, guatemala. the dna sequence analysis determined the presence of giardia assemblages a (n = 7) and b (n = 12) and, cryptosporidium hominis (n = 2) and cryptosporidium parvum (n = 2), suggestive of different transmission cycles. all 41 samples with soil-transmitted helminths did not have the β-tubulin mutation described f ... | 2011 | 22144459 |
| [identification of cryptosporidium hominis in a patient with sclerosing cholangitis and aids]. | cryptosporidium hominis (c hominis) is the most common protozoan parasite recognized in human patients with aids. we report the clinical features of a patient with chronic diarrhea and aids-related sclerosing cholangitis. the imaging studies with ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography disclosed intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct changes identical to those seen in sclerosing cholangitis. c hominis was detected in the duodenum and peri-papillary duodenum by means o ... | 2010 | 21053488 |
| identification and differentiation of cryptosporidium species by capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism. | cryptosporidium species generally lack distinguishing morphological traits, and consequently, molecular methods are commonly used for parasite identification. various methods for cryptosporidium identification have been proposed, each with their advantages and disadvantages. in this study, we show that capillary electrophoresis coupled with single-strand conformation polymorphism (ce-sscp) is a rapid, simple and cost-effective method for the identification of cryptosporidium species and genotype ... | 2010 | 21087296 |
| detection and differentiation of cryptosporidium spp. in human clinical samples by use of real-time pcr. | real-time pcr has the potential to streamline detection and identification of cryptosporidium spp. in human clinical samples. in the present article, we report the first such assay to allow not only detection and differentiation of the most common human pathogens, cryptosporidium hominis and cryptosporidium parvum, but also simultaneous amplification of a region of the small subunit (ssu) rrna gene, permitting direct sequence analysis to identify any cryptosporidium species. an internal control ... | 2010 | 21177904 |
| cryptosporidiosis in kuwaiti children: association of clinical characteristics with cryptosporidium species and subtypes. | to determine the association of clinical characteristics with cryptosporidium types and subtypes, faecal specimens from 2548 children with diarrhoea were screened by microscopy for cryptosporidium spp., and positive specimens were genotyped and subtyped by pcr-rflp. a total of 87 of the 2548 children (3.4 %) had cryptosporidial diarrhoea by microscopy and the majority (41.4 %) of the infected children were in the 4-8-year-old age group. molecular characterization of the 83 children studied furth ... | 2011 | 21233297 |
| multiplex pcr detection of waterborne intestinal protozoa: microsporidia, cyclospora, and cryptosporidium. | recently, emerging waterborne protozoa, such as microsporidia, cyclospora, and cryptosporidium, have become a challenge to human health worldwide. rapid, simple, and economical detection methods for these major waterborne protozoa in environmental and clinical samples are necessary to control infection and improve public health. in the present study, we developed a multiplex pcr test that is able to detect all these 3 major waterborne protozoa at the same time. detection limits of the multiplex ... | 2010 | 21234231 |
| serum igg response to cryptosporidium immunodominant antigen gp15 and polymorphic antigen gp40 in children with cryptosporidiosis in south india. | the surface-associated glycopeptides gp40, one of the most polymorphic cryptosporidium antigens, and gp15, one of the most immunodominant cryptosporidium antigens, are putative vaccine candidates because they mediate infection in vitro and induce immune responses in vivo. we evaluated antibody responses to these antigens before and after the first episode of symptomatic cryptosporidiosis in 51 children from a birth cohort study in an area in south india where cryptosporidium is endemic and a maj ... | 2011 | 21288997 |
| identification and immunological characterization of three potential vaccinogens against cryptosporidium species. | cryptosporidiosis is a ubiquitous infectious disease, caused by the protozoan parasites cryptosporidium hominis and cryptosporidium parvum, leading to acute, persistent, and chronic diarrhea with life-threatening consequences in immunocompromised individuals. in developing countries, cryptosporidiosis in early childhood has been associated with subsequent significant impairment in growth, physical fitness, and intellectual abilities. currently, vaccines are unavailable and chemotherapeutics are ... | 2011 | 21918117 |
| Molecular epidemiology, spatiotemporal analysis, and ecology of sporadic human cryptosporidiosis in Australia. | Parasites from the Cryptosporidium genus are the most common cause of waterborne disease around the world. Successful management and prevention of this emerging disease requires knowledge of the diversity of species causing human disease and their zoonotic sources. This study employed a spatiotemporal approach to investigate sporadic human cryptosporidiosis in New South Wales, Australia, between January 2008 and December 2010. Analysis of 261 human fecal samples showed that sporadic human crypto ... | 2011 | 21908628 |
| cases of cryptosporidiosis co-infections in aids patients: a correlation between clinical presentation and gp60 subgenotype lineages from aged formalin-fixed stool samples. | nine cases of cryptosporidiosis co-infections in aids patients were clinically categorised into severe (patients 1, 3, 8 and 9), moderate (patients 4 and 5) and mild (patients 2, 6 and 7). formalin-fixed faecal specimens from these patients were treated to obtain high quality dna competent for amplification and sequencing of the 60-kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene. sequence analysis revealed that one patient was infected with cryptosporidium hominis whereas the remaining eight patients were infected ... | 2011 | 21929875 |
| a new heterogeneous family of telomerically encoded cryptosporidium proteins. | cryptosporidiosis is predominantly caused by two closely related species of protozoan parasites the zoonotic cryptosporidium parvum and anthroponotic cryptosporidium hominis which diverge phenotypically in respect to host range and virulence. using comparative genomics we identified two genes displaying overt heterogeneity between species. although initial work suggested both were species specific, cops-1 for c. parvum and chos-1 for c. hominis, subsequent study identified an abridged ortholog o ... | 2012 | 23467513 |
| molecular identification of protozoa causing aids-associated cholangiopathy in buenos aires, argentina. | several species of microsporidia and coccidia are protozoa parasites responsible for cholan-giopathy disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the goals of this work were to identift opportunistic protozoa by molecular methods and describe the clinical manifestations at the gastrointestinal tract and the biliary system in patients with aids-associated cholangiopathy from buenos aires, argentina. | 2012 | 23383524 |
| molecular-based investigation of cryptosporidium and giardia from animals in water catchments in southeastern australia. | there has been no large-scale systematic molecular epidemiological investigation of the waterborne protozoans, cryptosporidium or giardia, in southeastern australia. here, we explored, for the first time, the genetic composition of these genera in faecal samples from animals in nine melbourne water reservoir areas, collected over a period of two-years. we employed pcr-based single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) and phylogenetic analyses of loci (pssu and pgp60) in the small subunit (ssu ... | 2012 | 23357792 |
| molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidium in livestock animals and humans in the ismailia province of egypt. | the zoonotic potential of cryptosporidium was studied in one of the most densely populated provinces of egypt regarding livestock and people. in a representative survey, faecal samples from cattle, buffalo and stool samples from diarrhoeic children (<10 years) were investigated. parameters assumed to be related to cryptosporidiosis were recorded for animals and children. animal samples (804) were examined by the copro-antigen rida(®)quick test, followed by pcrs targeting the 18s rdna and gp60 ge ... | 2012 | 23305974 |
| predominant virulent iba10g2 subtype of cryptosporidium hominis in human isolates in barcelona: a five-year study. | cryptosporidium infection is a worldwide cause of diarrheal disease. to gain insight into the epidemiology of the infection in a certain geographic area, molecular methods are needed to determine the species/genotypes and subtypes. | 2015 | 25816024 |
| comparative genome analysis of two cryptosporidium parvum isolates with different host range. | parasites of the genus cryptosporidium infect the intestinal and gastric epithelium of different vertebrate species. some of the many cryptosporidium species described to date differ with respect to host range; whereas some species' host range appears to be narrow, others have been isolated from taxonomically unrelated vertebrates. to begin to investigate the genetic basis of cryptosporidium host specificity, the genome of a cryptosporidium parvum isolate belonging to a sub-specific group found ... | 2012 | 22522000 |
| cryptosporidium hominis gene catalog: a resource for the selection of novel cryptosporidium vaccine candidates. | human cryptosporidiosis, caused primarily by cryptosporidium hominis and a subset of cryptosporidium parvum, is a major cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children under 5 years of age in developing countries and can lead to nutritional stunting and death. cryptosporidiosis is particularly severe and potentially lethal in immunocompromised hosts. biological and technical challenges have impeded traditional vaccinology approaches to identify novel targets for the development of vaccines agai ... | 2016 | 28095366 |
| genetic characterization of selected parasites from people with histories of gastrointestinal disorders using a mutation scanning-coupled approach. | a sscp analysis and targeted sequencing approach was used for the genetic characterization of some major pathogens from a cohort of 227 people with histories of gastrointestinal disorders. genomic dnas from fecal samples were subjected to pcr-amplification of regions in the glycoprotein (gp60) or triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene, or the second internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal dna (its-2). cryptosporidium, giardia, and strongylid nematodes were detected in 94, 132 and 12 samp ... | 2013 | 23592267 |
| cryptic parasite revealed improved prospects for treatment and control of human cryptosporidiosis through advanced technologies. | cryptosporidium is an important genus of parasitic protozoa of humans and other vertebrates and is a major cause of intestinal disease globally. unlike many common causes of infectious enteritis, there are no widely available, effective vaccine or drug-based intervention strategies for cryptosporidium, and control is focused mainly on prevention. this approach is particularly deficient for infections of severely immunocompromised and/or suppressed, the elderly or malnourished people. however, cr ... | 2011 | 22137584 |
| Serum antibody responses to polymorphic Cryptosporidium mucin antigen in Bangladeshi children with cryptosporidiosis. | Cryptosporidium is a significant cause of diarrheal disease in children in developing countries. The sporozoite antigen Muc4 is important for infection of host cells, and could be a candidate vaccine antigen. However, this antigen is polymorphic between Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum. We investigated antibody responses to C. hominis Muc4 and C. parvum Muc4 antigen in children in Bangladesh infected with C. hominis. Antibody responses were compared between children with cryptosporidial dia ... | 2011 | 21896806 |
| annotated draft genome sequences of three species of cryptosporidium: cryptosporidium meleagridis isolate ukmel1, c. baileyi isolate tamu-09q1 and c. hominis isolates tu502_2012 and ukh1. | human cryptosporidiosis is caused primarily by cryptosporidium hominis, c. parvum and c. meleagridis. to accelerate research on parasites in the genus cryptosporidium, we generated annotated, draft genome sequences of human c. hominis isolates tu502_2012 and ukh1, c. meleagridis ukmel1, also isolated from a human patient, and the avian parasite c. baileyi tamu-09q1. the annotation of the genome sequences relied in part on rnaseq data generated from the oocyst stage of both c. hominis and c. bail ... | 2016 | 27519257 |
| first description of cryptosporidium hominis gp60 genotype ika20g1 and cryptosporidium parvum gp60 genotypes iiaa18g3r1 and iiaa15g2r1 in foals in brazil. | the present study focuses on cryptosporidium infections of foals in brazil. a total of 92 animals of different breeds from 11 farms in the vicinity of araçatuba in the state of são paulo, were examined. according to pcr targeting the 18s rrna gene, cryptosporidium sp. dna was detected in 21.7% (20/92) of foals. good quality 18s rrna, actin, hsp70 and gp60 genes npcr amplicons were obtained from five fecal samples. pcr amplification and sequencing of a fragment of the gp60 sporozoite surface glyc ... | 2017 | 28043388 |
| molecular surveillance of cryptosporidium spp., giardia duodenalis, and enterocytozoon bieneusi by genotyping and subtyping parasites in wastewater. | despite their wide occurrence, cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are considered neglected diseases by the world health organization. the epidemiology of these diseases and microsporidiosis in humans in developing countries is poorly understood. the high concentration of pathogens in raw sewage makes the characterization of the transmission of these pathogens simple through the genotype and subtype analysis of a small number of samples. | 2012 | 22970334 |
| <i>cryptosporidium</i> genotypes in children and calves living at the wildlife or livestock interface of the kruger national park, south africa. | cryptosporidium infection is one of the most common causes of parasitic diarrhoea worldwide in cattle and humans. in developing countries, human cryptosporidiosis is most prevalent during early childhood and links between zoonotic infection and animal related activities have been demonstrated. this study investigated the prevalence and species/genotype distribution of cryptosporidium among children (< 5 years) and calves (< 6 months) living in a rural farming area adjacent to the kruger na ... | 2016 | 27796111 |
| cryptosporidium genotypes in children and calves living at the wildlife or livestock interface of the kruger national park, south africa. | cryptosporidium infection is one of the most common causes of parasitic diarrhoea worldwide in cattle and humans. in developing countries, human cryptosporidiosis is most prevalent during early childhood and links between zoonotic infection and animal related activities have been demonstrated. this study investigated the prevalence and species/genotype distribution of cryptosporidium among children (< 5 years) and calves (< 6 months) living in a rural farming area adjacent to the kruger na ... | 2016 | 27247067 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium species and giardia duodenalis from symptomatic cambodian children. | in a prospective study, 498 single faecal samples from children aged under 16 years attending an outpatient clinic in the angkor hospital for children, northwest cambodia, were examined for cryptosporidium oocysts and giardia cysts using microscopy and molecular assays. | 2016 | 27387755 |
| molecular detection and characterization of cryptosporidium species in household dogs, pet shop puppies, and dogs kept in a school of veterinary nursing in japan. | members of cryptosporidium species, which are protozoan parasites, are prevalent worldwide and can cause diarrhoea in both humans and animals, including dogs. in addition, the cryptosporidium species harboured in dogs have the potential for zoonotic transmission. the purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidium species infection and perform molecular characterization of isolates in household dogs, pet shop puppies, and dogs kept in a school of veterinary nursin ... | 2014 | 24461210 |
| application of a qpcr assay with melting curve analysis for detection and differentiation of protozoan oocysts in human fecal samples from dominican republic. | a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay with melt curve analysis (qpcr-mca) was applied for the detection of protozoan oocysts in 501 human fecal samples collected in dominican republic. samples were subjected to qpcr using universal coccidia primers targeting 18s rdna to detect oocysts followed by mca to identify oocyst species based on amplicon melting temperature. putative positive samples were also tested by conventional pcr and microscopy. cystoisospora belli (×3), cryptosporidium pa ... | 2013 | 24019437 |
| occurrence of giardia intestinalis and cryptosporidium sp. in wastewater samples from são paulo state, brazil, and lima, peru. | the objectives of the study were to detect and genotype cryptosporidium spp. and giardia intestinalis in wastewater samples obtained from five cities with high transit of people in the state of são paulo, brazil, and at the entrance of a wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) in lima, peru. samples were collected and concentrated by centrifugation. the genomic dna was extracted for molecular characterization by nested pcr for cryptosporidium and double nested pcr for giardia, followed by sequencing a ... | 2016 | 27638793 |
| detection and characterization of cryptosporidium cuniculus by real-time pcr. | cryptosporidium cuniculus was originally detected in rabbits and has been identified as an emerging human pathogen, but the occurrence, prevalence, and epidemiology in human and rabbit populations are poorly understood. as identification of c. cuniculus can be time-consuming and costly using existing molecular assays, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based method targeting specific markers for this species was developed. the assay is based on amplification of the c. cuniculus-specific ... | 2012 | 22392139 |
| genome mining offers a new starting point for parasitology research. | parasites including helminthes, protozoa, and medical arthropod vectors are a major cause of global infectious diseases, affecting one-sixth of the world's population, which are responsible for enormous levels of morbidity and mortality important and remain impediments to economic development especially in tropical countries. prevalent drug resistance, lack of highly effective and practical vaccines, as well as specific and sensitive diagnostic markers are proving to be challenging problems in p ... | 2015 | 25563615 |