| species distribution of trombiculid mites on murine rodents in rangoon, burma. | ectoparasite collections from over 12,000 commensal rodents and shrews in rangoon were examined. rattus rattus, r. norvegicus, r. exulans and bandicota bengalensis were found to host 12 species of trombiculid mites. ascoschoengastia indica was the most abundant trombiculid found representing 84% of the total sample of 15,000 chiggers. this species (a. indica) may be of considerable significance as a vector of murine typhus. | 1980 | 6449738 |
| parasites, diseases, and health status of sympatric populations of sika deer and white-tailed deer in maryland and virginia. | in july 1981, investigations on parasites, diseases, and herd health status were conducted on sympatric populations of sika deer (cervus nippon) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from blackwater national wildlife refuge (maryland) and chincoteague national wildlife refuge (virginia) on the delmarva peninsula. five adult deer of each species were collected from each location and subjected to thorough necropsy examinations and laboratory tests. white-tailed deer at both locations harb ... | 1983 | 6644934 |
| tunga penetrans in south florida. | we have described a 25-year-old man with infestation of the feet by the burrowing flea tunga penetrans, acquired in brazil. we have also presented the microscopic characteristics of the flea and the histologic differential diagnosis. | 1983 | 6648617 |
| rickettsia tsutsugamushi strains found in chiggers collected in thailand. | r. tsutsugamushi strains found in chiggers collected from 3 different sites throughout thailand were antigenically characterized. monotypic infections were observed in 76.7% of the chiggers. karp was the most predominant strain, followed by ta716, ta763, ta686 and kato. this study represents the first confirmed report of r. tsutsugamushi infection in 8 different chigger species in thailand. | 1981 | 6789455 |
| serological classification of rickettsia tsutsugamushi organisms found in chiggers (acarina: trombiculidae) collected in peninsular malaysia. | | 1981 | 6798724 |
| a survey of scrub and murine typhus in the ancol section of jakarta, indonesia. | rickettsia tsutsugamushi was isolated from l. (l.) arenicola chiggers and three species of rats in an area of scrub and sedge along the bay of jakarta. this is the only finding in indonesia of a cycle of the agent of scrub typhus associated with l. (l.) arenicola. a serologic survey of nearly 300 persons living in two kampungs near the site at which rickettsiae were recovered revealed one individual with antibodies to r. tsutsugamushi. murine typhus, with a seropositivity rate of 6.5%, may be en ... | 1981 | 6806914 |
| transmission of scrub typhus to human volunteers by laboratory-reared chiggers. | laboratory-reared, rickettsia tsutsugamushi-infected leptotrombidium arenicola and l. fletcheri chiggers were fed on 1 and 2 human volunteers respectively. all subjects developed typical clinical signs and symptoms of scrub typhus beginning days 8-10 post chigger attachment (pca); these included fever, severe headache, myalgia, regional lymphadenopathy, and eschar. the two l. fletcheri subjects developed a transient generalized rash on days 3-4 after the onset of fever, and these two individuals ... | 1982 | 6808205 |
| serological analysis of rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolates from north queensland. | fifty-two rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolates from humans, rodents and chiggers in north queensland were serologically characterized by the direct immunofluorescence test. a majority (71%) of the isolates was a mixture of two or more strains. the most frequently detected strains in the 52 isolates were ta716 (84%), ta763 (42%), ta686 (33%), and karp (31%). the gilliam strain was detected in only 4% of the isolates. | 1982 | 6810861 |
| doxycycline propylaxis for human scrub typhus. | the use of doxycycline, as a prophylactic antibiotic against scrub typhus was investigated in a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. twenty volunteers were divided into two similar groups. beginning three days before exposure to leptotrombidium fletcheri chiggers infected with rickettsia tsutsugamushi, and continuing for six weeks after exposure, one group received weekly 200-mg oral doses of doxycycline and the other group received a placebo. nine of 10 doxycycline-treated subjects rema ... | 1982 | 6815282 |
| [tunga penetrans: a tropical surprise in a dutch toe]. | | 1983 | 6888594 |
| population indices of chiggers (leptotrombidium deliense) and incidence of scrub typhus in chinese military personnel, pescadores islands of taiwan, 1976-77. | larval leptotrombidium deliense were recovered from live-trapped suncus murinus, rattus rattus and r. norvegicus captured in the pescadores islands of taiwan during 1976 and 1977. weekly and monthly indices of chigger infestation expressed as a percentage of hosts infested and the number of chiggers per host for s. murinus and rattus spp. were calculated. close correlations were observed between monthly indices of l. deliense measured for s. murinus and rattus spp. and the number of laboratory-c ... | 1982 | 7080163 |
| permethrin as a clothing treatment for personal protection against chigger mites (acarina: trombiculidae). | a study was done to evaluate the personal protection afforded by uniforms treated with permethrin (0.125 mg/cm2) against natural infestations of chigger mites, trombicula spp. the study utilized human test subjects taking part in a military field training exercise. at the end of the 3-day period, there was 74.2% increase in protection provided by the treated uniforms compared to an untreated uniform and the use of repellent. the increased protection amounted to ca 60 fewer mite attachments per t ... | 1982 | 7081549 |
| a glossary of chigger terminology (acari: trombiculidae). | | 1982 | 7120301 |
| [dermatologic entomology. 21. trombiculidae/chigger]. | | 1981 | 7220491 |
| chigger mites: efficacy of control with two pyrethroids. | | 1980 | 7229189 |
| [tungiasis - "vacation dermatitis"]. | the symptoms of infestation by tunga penetrans (chigoe flea or jigger) are demonstrated on a patient recently returned from tanzania. the epidemiology and a description of the flea's development cycle are given. | 1981 | 7263246 |
| variation in populations of chigger vectors of scrub typhus in developing oil palm areas of different ages. | the populations of scrub typhus vector chiggers were compared in two developing oil palm areas, one 5 years old and the other 7 years old at the inception of the study. both areas were located within the same oil palm scheme in central peninsular malaysia. leptotrombidium (l.) deliense, a principal vector of scrub typhus in malaysia, was found in reduced numbers in the older oil palm habitat. this reduction is attributed to changes in the microhabitat, specifically the elimination of grasses bet ... | 1980 | 7300038 |
| infestation by tunga penetrans. | infestation by the flea tunga penetrans, although quite prevalent in central america, south america, and africa, is rarely recognized or reported in north america. this report describes a case of tungiasis occurring in a new york resident who acquired the disease in africa. the patient manifested characteristic lesions of white papules with central black pits on the dorsa of her toes. treatment consisted of removal of the offending parasites. | 1980 | 7352768 |
| tungiasis in north america. | tungiasis, a condition rarely seen in the united states, is an infestation of the gravid female chigoe flea, tunga penetrans. the presenting lesion is an asymptomatic, noninflammatory, translucent nodule with a central dark spot. complications include severe itching, pain, inflammatory reaction leading to autoamputation of digits, pyoderma (cellulitis) and tetanus. therapy consists of removal of the organism and protection against pyoderma and tetanus. | 1980 | 7379594 |
| a study of small mammals in the ciloto field station area, west java, indonesia, with special reference to vectors of plague and scrub typhus. | from june 1977 to june 1978 a study of smal mammals was carried out in the ciloto field station area, west java, indonesia by the who vector biology and control research unit-ii. the objectives of the investigations were to determine the diversity and density of rodent species, to find potential plague and scrub typhus vectors and to study their host-parasite relationships. in the 13 month period a total of 6 species of murids were identified; two species of campestral rats (r. tiomanicus and r. ... | 1980 | 7403957 |
| scrub typhus survey of biak and owi islands: ectoparasites of small mammals and rickettsial isolations. | a survey of smnall mammals and their ectoparasites was conducted on the islands of biak and owi, indonesia, in august 1976. two species of chiggers known to serve as vectors of scrub typhus were found: leptotrombidium (leptotrombidium) deliense from rattus exulans, r. ruber, and r. r. septicus; l. (l.) flectcheri from r. exulans, r. leucopus and r. r. septicus. rickettsia tsutsugamushi was isolated from the spleens of r. exulans and r. r. septicus. the favored ecotype of the chigger and rat host ... | 1980 | 7434073 |
| rodent and scrub typhus survey in a ricefield at kramat tunngak area, tanjung priok, jakarta, indonesia. | trapping of small mammals in a ricefield at kramat tunggak around tanjung priok in jakarta city, was carried out from july 1977 through june 1978. of three species of rodents, r.argentiventer was found to be the predominant species in the ricefield. r.r.diardii was an intermittent resident, and the presence of r.norvegicus was interesting observation. s.murinus, a house shrew, was also present. r.argentiventer was the dominant species during the periods when the rice grains were available as a s ... | 1980 | 7434074 |
| tungiasis: imported disease. | a case of importation of the sandflea tunga penetrans is reported. if this species were to become established in australia, there could be medical and socioeconomic repercussions. | 1980 | 7464622 |
| [morphofunctional characteristics of the larval mouth apparatus of the chigger, neotrombicula pomeranzevi (trombiculidae)]. | gnathostoma of larvae of the chigger mite n. pomeranzevi is situated terminally on the trunk. the base of the gnathostoma is gnathocoxa represented by conglutinated coxae of pedipalps. gnathocoxa narrows apically and passes into hypostome protruding up to the cheliceral blades. lateral borders of the hypostome are bent dorsally thus forming a groove in which cheliceral blades are located. the cheliceral blades have a small groove in their internal surface. larval chelicerea are free because thei ... | 1981 | 7465244 |
| [the present status of the conquest of tropical africa by pulex irritans linnaeus, 1758]. | owing to human parasites, two fleas, namely pulex irritans linné, 1758 and tunga penetrans (l., 1758) were brought from america to intertropical africa. the conquest of africa by pulex irritans, was really effective since the fifties, evidently by european strains. some examples selected in occidental and oriental africa show the reality of this fact. accordingly, the epidemiological modalities in plague's african foci can be strongly changed. | 1993 | 7507371 |
| jigger infestation in children in a rural area of rivers state of nigeria. | during a survey in april 1991 to determine the immunisation status of 218 children resident in a rural riverine community, 49 (22.48) were found to have been infested with tunga penetrans. itching and ulceration were the commonest symptoms. the feet were infested in all children, none of whom was taken to a health facility. 42.86% of infested children received complete doses of dpt. parents reported no complications of infestation. tungiasis is an important infestation in rural dwellers. the nee ... | 1995 | 7626535 |
| new genus and six new species of chiggers (acari: trombiculidae and leeuwenhoekiidae) collected from small mammals in argentina. | argentinacarus. n. gen., is proposed with argentinacarus expansus, n. sp., off irenomys tarsalis and akodon longipilis, as type species. quadraseta akodonica, off akodon longipilis and auliscomys micropus, colicus sinpretarsus, off histiotus montanus, parasecia argentinensis off phyllotis xanthopygus, parasecia neuquenensis, off akodon longipilis, and andalgalomacarus xanthopyga, off phyllois xanthopygus and eligmodontia morgani, are described as new. all specimens were collected in argentina. | 1995 | 7650704 |
| cutaneous infection with tunga penetrans. | a 23-year-old man presented with a small black lesion at the distal margin of the right great toenail. he had returned from the ivory coast 1 month previously, having spent 6 weeks there. histopathological examination of material extruded from the lesion showed a variety of arthropod internal organs, allowing a definitive diagnosis of infection with the ectoparasitic flea tunga penetrans. curettage of the lesion revealed a gravid adult female flea. | 1995 | 7669623 |
| comparative epidemiological studies on vector/reservoir animals of tsutsugamushi disease between high and low endemic areas in korea. | comparative epidemiological studies on vector reservoir animals of tsutsugamushi disease were carried out in between south coast (the highest endemic) areas and east coast (low endemic) areas in october 1993. fauna of field rodents and their population densities were not different between two areas. antibody positive rate of apodemus agrarius sera was higher in east coast (43.2% in south coast and 63.6% in east coast). high correlation (r = 0.87) was shown between antibody positive rate of a. ag ... | 1995 | 7735783 |
| ectoparasites of opossums and raccoons in southeastern georgia. | twelve species of ectoparasites (four fleas, three ticks, three chiggers, one macronyssid mite, and one atopomelid mite) were recovered from 42 opossums, didelphis virginiana kerr, live-trapped from september 1992 through april 1994 in southeastern georgia. the fleas, ctenocephalides felis (bouché) (prevalence = 19%) and polygenis gwyni (c. fox) (36%); the ticks, dermacentor variabilis (say) (40%) and ixodes scapularis say (19%); and the macronyssid mite, ornithonyssus wernecki (fonseca) (21%), ... | 1994 | 7815408 |
| response of a chigger, eutrombicula hirsti (acari: trombiculidae) to repellent and toxicant compounds in the laboratory. | laboratory tests were conducted to compare the response of eutrombicula hirsti (sambon) larvae to the compounds dibutylphthalate (dbp), dimethylphthalate (dmp), diethyl methylbenzamide (deet), benzyl benzoate (bb), and permethrin. the ed50 for e. hirsti of these compounds when applied to filter paper were 0.17 mg/cm2 for dmp, 0.24 mg/cm2 for permethrin, 0.26 mg/cm2 for deet, 1.42 mg/cm2 for bb, and > 7.21 mg/cm2 for dbp. when impregnated in cloth, dmp, deet, and bb were highly toxic to larvae at ... | 1994 | 7932612 |
| detection and characterization of rickettsia tsutsugamushi (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae) in infected leptotrombidium (leptotrombidium) fletcheri chiggers (acari: trombiculidae) with the polymerase chain reaction. | we developed a method for detecting and characterizing the dna of rickettsia tsutsugamushi in chiggers (larval trombiculid mites) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). three procedures for extracting dna from frozen chiggers were compared by evaluating the yield of pcr amplicand obtained with nine oligonucleotide primer pairs derived from the rickettsial 22 kd, 47 kd, groesl, 56 kd, and 110 kd antigen genes. although extracts and primer pairs differed in amplification efficiency, r. tsutsugamushi ... | 1994 | 7966172 |
| distribution patterns of tunga penetrans within a community in trinidad, west indies. | this paper describes patterns of infection with tunga penetrans within the town of icacos, trinidad, west indies, assessed by the number of persons infected and the extent of the chigoe flea burden by physical examination. the overall prevalence of infection was 31.4% (102 infected persons) of the 325 persons examined (41% of males and 23% of females). both measures showed a significant difference among the different age groups with peak chigoe burden found in the 5-9, 10-14 and > 55 age-groups, ... | 1994 | 8007057 |
| lesions associated with infestation of a yellow-footed rock wallaby (petrogale xanthopus xanthopus) with larvae of odontacarus (leogonius) adelaideae (womersley) (acarina: trombiculidae) in south australia. | dermatitis associated with natural infestation of a yellow-footed rock wallaby (petrogale xanthopus xanthopus) with larvae of the chigger mite, odontacarus (leogonius) adelaideae is described. this record extends the known host range of o. adelaideae and is the first from a native animal in southern australia. | 1994 | 8028112 |
| chigger mites (acarina: leeuwenhoekiidae) from cuba. | the present paper comprises a systematic survey of the chigger mites (acarina: leeuwenhoekiidae) collected from bats and bat guano in cuban caves in 1965-1985. wagenaaria similis is recorded for the first time in cuba. the first hosts known for ischnothrombium diploctenum are noted. antrohoekia inexpectata, g.n., sp. n., a parasite of bats, is described. | 1994 | 8050757 |
| [leptotrombidium (l.) scutellare as the transmitting vector of tsutsugamushi disease of autumn-winter type in jiangsu province]. | in 1986, epidemic of tsutsugamushi disease of autumn-winter type was found in jiangsu province. to clarify the vector of this disease, we carried out a series of studies in 1986-1992. leptotrombidium (l.) scutellare was found to be a dominant species of chigger mite on rats in the endemic areas and its seasonal distribution was correlated with the incidence of tsutsugamushi disease in inhabitants. this mite could naturally be infected by rickettsia tsutsugamushi, and r. tsutsugamushi could be tr ... | 1994 | 8069730 |
| [detection of rickettsia tsutsugamushi dna from chiggers by polymerase chain reaction]. | polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect rickettsia tsutsugamushi dna from chiggers for the first time. both adults and larvae were tested. the positive rate of experimentally infected adults was 92.9%. it suggests that pcr is a rapid and sensitive assay for epidemiological study of scrub typhus. | 1993 | 8137416 |
| failed vertical transmission of rickettsia tsutsugamushi (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae) acquired from rickettsemic mice by leptotrombidium pallidum (acari: trombiculidae). | larvae of leptotrombidium pallidum (nagayo, miyagawa, mitamura & tamiya) from uninfected laboratory colonies were fed on mice infected with rickettsia tsutsugamushi (hayashi) ogata. infection of the chiggers with r. tsutsugamushi was determined by passage of chigger exudates into ddy mice. the passage method was modified so that an inoculum was considered to be positive when r. tsutsugamushi or anti-r. tsutsugamushi antibody, or both, were detected in mice up to the third blind passage. r. tsuts ... | 1994 | 8189412 |
| rickettsia tsutsugamushi in chiggers (acari: trombiculidae) associated with rodents in central thailand. | chiggers were collected from rodents trapped at two military bases located 10 km apart in central thailand. one site was swampy and nearly treeless and the other site was well-drained and partially wooded. although 13 species of chiggers were collected, only three species were found to be positive for rickettsia tsutsugamushi (hayashi) ogata using a direct fluorescent antibody test: blankaartia acuscutellaris walch (7.3% infected), leptotrombidium delinese walch (3.1% infected), and an undescrib ... | 1994 | 8189414 |
| [seasonal distribution of chigger mites in the kanghwa island and yongjong island]. | seasonal distribution of chigger mites in the kangwha island and yongjong island was studied during the period of october 1992-august 1993. from 42 field rodents collected, 1,290 chiggers were obtained and 8 species of 4 genera were identified. in the kanghwa island, leptotrombidium pallidum was the predominant species through all seasons with the percentage of 93.0%. whereas, in the yongjong island, l. palpale was the predominant species with the percentage of 38.4% and l. pallidum was not foun ... | 1993 | 8297891 |
| laboratory evaluation of two commercial repellants against leptotrombidium fletcheri (acari: trombiculidae). | two commercial repellants were evaluated in the laboratory against leptotrombidium fletcheri chiggers. the active ingredient in one was deet and in the other was citrus oil. excito-toxicity effect was studied and it was determined by the time ("escape time") chiggers took to move off filter papers treated with the repellants. all chiggers exposed on filter papers treated with deet died and did not move off the treated papers. none of the chiggers that were placed on papers treated with citrus oi ... | 1993 | 8362291 |
| distribution and seasonal and diurnal activity patterns of eutrombicula alfreddugesi (acari: trombiculidae) in a forest edge ecosystem. | microclimatic and vegetative effects on the population size and activity patterns of larval eutrombicula alfreddugesi oudemans, 1910 (acari: trombiculidae), were investigated in nebraska between latitude 40 degrees 0'0" n and 40 degrees 1'21" n. larval population densities along a forest edge were greatest in areas of high relative humidity, moderate temperature, low incident sunlight, and increasing substrate vegetation. although chigger populations existed throughout the forest edge, larger po ... | 1993 | 8433345 |
| duration of attachment of the chigger, eutrombicula lipovskyana (trombiculidae) in mite pockets of yarrow's spiny lizard, sceloporus jarrovii (phrynosomatidae) from arizona. | duration of attachment was determined for the chigger, eutrombicula lipovskyana in mite pockets of the phrynosomatid lizard, sceloporus jarrovii from arizona. eutrombicula lipovskyana remained attached in mite pockets for as long as 52 days. infestations in other body areas were of shorter duration. the mite geckobiella texana was also found to infest s. jarrovii. | 1993 | 8445776 |
| [detection antigen of rickettsia tsutsugamushi by using monoclonal antibody]. | dot-elisa was used with hrp-labelled monoclonal antibodies kp3 (iggi) and kp4-6 (igm) against antigen of the karp strain of rickettsia tsutsugamushi to detect the antigen of r. tsutsugamushi. the positive rate of sera of 56 acute scrub typhus patients and 37 wild rats caught from the countryside of the endemic area as well as 29 batches of chiggers collected from the wild rats were 92.9%, 100% and 89.7%, respectively. no cross reaction was found with antigens of other rickettsia groups such as r ... | 1993 | 8504454 |
| a case of imported tungiasis in scotland initially mimicking verrucae vulgaris. | a case is described of tunga penetrans infection in the feet of a tourist returning from south america to scotland. the condition had initially mimicked verrucae vulgaris, but microscopic examination of the lesions together with the travel history allowed the diagnosis of tungiasis to be made. this is the first case reported in scotland. | 1994 | 8778973 |
| [population density of chigger mites, the vector of tsutsugamushi disease in chollanam-do, korea]. | the geographical distribution and population density of rodents and chigger mites at six localities of chollanam-do were investigated from october to december in 1993. among total 142 field rodents collected by the modified chemla wooden traps, 131 rodents were apodemus agrarius (92.3%) and 11 were crocidura lasiura (7.7%). out of 142 field rodents, 92 were parasitized by chiggers, showing 69.0% of the infestation rate and 74.2 of the chigger index. infestation rate and chigger index of a. agrar ... | 1996 | 8820739 |
| a case of tungiasis. | tunga penetrans is a burrowing flea that is prevalent in central and south america, the caribbean, tropical africa, india, and pakistan, and rarely is imported to the united states. tungiasis results from the cutaneous infestation of humans by the gravid female flea, t. penetrans. we report a case of tungiasis in a female who had been on a missionary expedition along the brazilian amazon river. the clinical presentation, life cycle, differential diagnosis, military and historical aspects, and tr ... | 1996 | 8857229 |
| ectoparasites (acari, mallophaga, anoplura, diptera) of white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus, from southern florida. | during a 7-yr period (1984-1990), 300 white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmermann), from 7 localities in collier, dade, and monroe counties in southern florida were examined for ectoparasites. eight species were identified: 4 ticks [ixodes scapularis say, i. affinis neumann, amblyomma maculatum (koch), and dermacentor variabilis (say)], 1 chigger mite [eutrombicula splendens (ewing)], 1 ked (lipoptena mazamae rondani), 1 chewing louse [tricholipeurus lipeuroides (megnin)], and 1 suckin ... | 1996 | 8906911 |
| new records of human tungiasis in mexico (siphonaptera:tungidae). | human cases of tungiasis were recorded in mexico until 1948. here we report 3 new cases of infection by chigoe, tunga penetrans (l.), with 2 from hidalgo state and the 3rd, although acquired in mexico city, was associated with the other 2 cases. this is the 1st record of this species in hidalgo state and indicates a reappearance of this parasite in mexico. | 1996 | 8961652 |
| characterization of orientia tsutsugamushi isolated in taiwan by immunofluorescence and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. | a total of 10 strains of orientia tsutsugamushi were isolated from field rodents and chiggers in taiwan, and characterized by immunofluorescence analysis with monoclonal antibodies and by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 56-kilodalton (kda) protein gene. the isolates were divided into two groups consisting of 1 and 9 strains which showed some relation to gilliam and karp type strains, respectively. however, all these isolates possessed characteristics distinct not only fr ... | 1997 | 9170266 |
| ectoparasite fauna of the eastern woodrat, neotoma floridana: composition, origin, and comparison with ectoparasite faunas of western woodrat species. | we collected ectoparasites from eastern woodrats, neotoma floridana, from 3 sites in the southeastern united states: coastal south carolina, southeast georgia, and south-central georgia. twelve ectoparasite species were recovered from 47 woodrats in south carolina (5 ticks, 5 mites, 2 fleas), 13 from 35 woodrats in south-central georgia (1 tick, 10 mites, 2 fleas), and 4 from a small host sample (7) in southeast georgia (2 ticks, 1 mite, 1 flea). new state records are established for the listrop ... | 1997 | 9194815 |
| dermatitis in young florida sandhill cranes (grus canadensis pratensis) due to infestation by the chigger, blankaartia sinnamaryi. | | 1997 | 9267428 |
| the role of leptotrombidium scutellare in the transmission of human diseases. | to investigate the role of leptotrombidium (l.) scutellare in the transmission of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and tsutsugamushi disease of autumn-type. | 1996 | 9275333 |
| geographical distribution of vectors and sero-strains of tsutsugamushi disease at mid-south inland of korea. | studies of geographical distributions and relative population densities of the vector mites of tsutsugamushi disease were carried out in october 1996 at 12 locations of the mid-south inland of the korean peninsula, where chigger mites have been never studied. of 177 field rodents and insectivores collected, 154 (87.0%) were apodemus agrarius. total 25,707 chigger mites were collected and 14 species were identified, of which leptotrombidium pallidum was predominant (79.8%) and l. palpale the next ... | 1997 | 9335182 |
| u.s. army soldiers' perceptions of arthropod pests and their effects on military missions. | a survey was conducted to determine the effects of biting and stinging arthropods on military personnel, operations, and training. nearly 70% of respondents reported experiencing problems attributable to arthropods. arthropods obstructed movement and field position, prevented concealment and cover, disrupted maneuvers, and caused panic. twenty percent of respondents reported attendance at sick call for treatment of bites or stings, and 4% were hospitalized or assigned to quarters. median lost ti ... | 1997 | 9433086 |
| the summer penile syndrome: seasonal acute hypersensitivity reaction caused by chigger bites on the penis. | to describe the seasonal acute hypersensitivity reaction of the penis due to chigger bites, known as the summer penile syndrome. | 1998 | 9583392 |
| tungiasis among five communities in south-western trinidad, west indies. | the prevalences of tunga penetrans linn. within the five townships of granville, fullerton, icacos, coromandel and cedros in south-western trinidad, west indies, as determined by physical examination of all inhabitants present during the survey, were 17.0% (38/223 subjects), 15.7% (36/237), 31.4% (102/325), 17.4% (42/242) and 17.9% (50/280), respectively. the rate in icacos was significantly higher than in the other four sites (p < 0.001). not only were males more likely to be infected than fema ... | 1998 | 9614460 |
| bites and stings of the arthropod kind. treating reactions that can range from annoying to menacing. | bites and stings from arthropods are largely inevitable because of the number of offending species and their distribution throughout our environment. wasps, bees, ants, mosquitoes, gnats, chiggers, and fleas are found all across the united states. thus far, africanized honeybees are limited to southwestern states and fire ants to southern states. brown recluse spiders are found most often in the midwest and south central region, but the black widow spider is found in all 48 contiguous states. th ... | 1998 | 9633544 |
| a new ecology for scrub typhus associated with a focus of antibiotic resistance in rice farmers in thailand. | following the documentation of chloramphenicol-resistant and doxycycline-resistant strains of orientia tsutsugamushi (hyashi) in northern thailand, we conducted ecological and epidemiological studies near the houses of patients hospitalized with antibiotic-resistant infections. new associations between chiggers, rodents, and o. tsutsugamushi in active rice agriculture areas, an ecological habitat not described previously, are reported. rattus rattus (l.) was the most common species (representing ... | 1998 | 9701943 |
| immunocytochemical methods to study the distribution of orientia tsutsugamushi in leptotrombidium (acari: trombiculidae) chiggers. | immunocytochemical methods were developed and tested for their ability to detect the distribution of orientia tsutsugamushi in paraffin sections of adult chiggers (leptotrombidium imphalum vercammen-grandjean & langston). rickettsial antigen was detected by application of a simple direct or amplified immunocytochemistry procedure and an indirect immunofluorescent procedure. in the direct procedure alkaline phosphatase conjugation to the mouse polyclonal antibody to the karp strain was followed b ... | 1998 | 9701944 |
| two new species of chiggers (acari: trombiculidae and leeuwenhoekiidae) from iran. | odontacarus khanjani goff & saboori (leeuwenhoekiidae) and neotrombicula iranensis goff & saboori (trombiculidae) were described as new. both species were collected as unengorged larvae on alfalfa plants, medicago sativa, in western iran. | 1998 | 9775621 |
| occurrence of orientia tsutsugamushi in chiggers (acari: trombiculidae) and small animals in an orchard near bangkok, thailand. | the ecology of orientia tsutsugamushi (hayashi) was studied in chiggers and small animals in an orchard near bangkok, thailand. small animals were trapped monthly between july and november 1992 and examined for the presence of o. tsutsugamushi and ectoparasitic chiggers. a total of 40 rattus rattus (l.) and 16 tupaia glis (diard) was trapped. o. tsutsugamushi was isolated from liver and spleen samples of 30.8% of r. rattus and 18.6% of t. glis. antibodies to o. tsutsugamushi were detected in 95% ... | 1999 | 10467771 |
| an unusual site of chigger bite in a patient with scrub typhus. | a 70-year-old female farmer was admitted to the hospital because of fever, headache, and diarrhea for 7 days. hypotension, right-sided pleural effusion with respiratory distress and leukocytosis were noted. she was initially treated as systemic bacterial infection by i.v. administration of ampicillin/sulbactam and amikacin. because fever persisted in spite of aggressive treatment, a repeat thorough physical examination was done. an eschar was found over the left-sided labium majus and an enlarge ... | 1999 | 10579097 |
| seasonal occurrence of leptotrombidium deliense (acari: trombiculidae) attached to sentinel rodents in an orchard near bangkok, thailand. | leptotrombidium deliense walch that attached to sentinel laboratory mice and the roof rat, rattus rattus (l.), placed in an orchard habitat near bangkok, thailand, were studied between april 1993 and april 1995. a single l. deliense larva was attached to only 1 of 51 laboratory mice placed in the study area between april and september 1993. overall, 89/202 (44.1%) r. rattus had 1 or more l. deliense larvae attached, and orientia tsutsugamushi (hayashi), the etiologic agent for scrub typhus, was ... | 1999 | 10593093 |
| a walk in the woods with tunga penetrans. | | 1999 | 10731363 |
| [a revision of chiggers in the vulgaris group (trombiculidae: neotrombicula)]. | a revision of chigger mites species, being closely related to neotrombicula vulgaris (schluger, 1955), is given. 2 new species are described: n. aideriensis sp. n. from western kopetdagh and n. macrovulgaris sp. n. from western caucasus. n. aideriensis sp. n. differs from all other species of the vulgaris group by presence of single barb on the lateral seta of palpal tibia in most specimens. this species differs also from n. vulgaris by lesser width of scutum, shorter setae of scutum and idiosom ... | 1999 | 10771778 |
| cutaneous infestation by tunga penetrans. | | 2000 | 10809982 |
| tungiasis in a 3-year-old child. | tungiasis is an infestation of the skin caused by the flea tunga penetrans. it is not rare in western europe because of tourism to tropical and subtropical countries. however, tungiasis has been very rarely reported in children. we describe a case of tungiasis in a 3-year-old child. the infestation was localized to the second toe of the left foot and was characterized by an atypical clinical presentation. | 2000 | 10990579 |
| ectoparasites and gastrointestinal helminths of southern flying squirrels in southeast georgia. | southern flying squirrels (glaucomys volans) from southeastern georgia were examined for ectoparasites and gastrointestinal helminths. ten species of ectoparasites were recovered, including 3 species of sucking lice (hoplopleura trispinosa, microphthirus uncinatus, and neohaematopinus sciuropteri), 1 species of flea (orchopeas howardi), 2 species of ticks (amblyomma maculatum and ixodes scapularis), 3 species of mesostigmatid mites (androlaelaps casalis, a. fahrenholzi, and haemogamasus ambulans ... | 2000 | 11128479 |
| evaluation on the occurrence of tsutsugamushi disease in tottori prefecture. | in tottori prefecture, we gathered the data of all patients known to have been infected with tsutsugamushi disease (td) over a span of 49 years, from 1950 to 1998. the total number of patients reported so far has been 19, 16 of which occurred after 1988. recently, it has been observed that the incidence tended to increase. of the 13 laboratory confirmed patients, 7 came from saji village and chizu town, in the yazu district, a place whereby, a body of water known as the sendai river partly passe ... | 2000 | 11138539 |
| health status of northern bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) in eastern kansas. | the health status of wild northern bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) from lyon county, kansas, was evaluated by conducting comprehensive health assessments on 25 birds. gross lesions indicative of avian pox, ulcerative enteritis, and quail bronchitis were not present. serologic tests for antibodies to salmonella pullorum, salmonella gallinarum, pasteurella multocida, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, and avian adenoviruses were all negative. intestinal coccidia (eimeria spp.) wer ... | 2000 | 11195653 |
| rodent ectoparasites from two locations in northwestern florida. | from feb.-apr. 1999, 19 species of ectoparasitic arthropods (2 sucking lice, 4 fleas, 4 ticks, 2 mesostigmatid mites, 5 chiggers, 2 fur mites) were recovered from 106 rodents belonging to 5 species (cotton mouse, peromyscus gossypinus, n = 64; cotton rat, sigmodon hispidus, n = 23; eastern woodrat, neotoma floridana, n = 9; golden mouse, ochrotomys nuttalli, n = 9; eastern gray squirrel, sciurus carolinensis, n = 1) at tall timbers research station, leon county, florida. during the same period, ... | 2000 | 11217221 |
| temporal changes in prevalence of scrub typhus rickettsia (orientia tsutsugamushi) infecting the eggs of leptotrombidium imphalum (acari: trombiculidae). | eggs from seven colony lines of the chigger mite leptotrombidium imphalum (vercammen-grandjean & langston) were examined for infection with orientia tsutsugamushi (hyashi), the etiologic agent of scrub typhus. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using primers otp 56.809 and otm 56.1221, which amplify a 291 bp region of the p56 gene of o. tsutsugamushi, was used to detect scrub typhus within single eggs. all seven chigger mite lines produced infected eggs with varying rates of infection (li1 = 8. ... | 2001 | 11268679 |
| detection of orientia tsutsugamushi (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae) in unengorged chiggers (acari: trombiculidae) from oita prefecture, japan, by nested polymerase chain reaction. | the current study surveyed the 56-kda type-specific antigen (tsa) gene dnas of orientia tsutsugamushi (hayashi) in approximately 4.000 unengorged chiggers obtained from the soil or ground surface in an endemic and a nonendemic area of the tsutsugamushi disease in oita prefecture, southwestern japan, by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr). serotypes of o. tsutsugamushi were identified by restriction fragment-length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. in the endemic area, 242 pools from five species ... | 2001 | 11296840 |
| tungiasis: a neglected health problem of poor communities. | tungiasis is caused by the flea tunga penetrans. growing urbanization, improved housing and use of appropriate footwear presumably have led to an overall reduction of the occurrence of this ectoparasitosis within the last decades. however, it is still highly prevalent where people live in extreme poverty, occurring in many latin american and african countries. although the infection has long been known, data on the ectoparasite's biology and the epidemiology of the disease are scant. methods for ... | 2001 | 11348517 |
| eradication of ectoparasites in children. how to treat infestations of lice, scabies, and chiggers. | infestations of head lice, body lice, scabies, and chiggers are common causes of rash and pruritus in children. concern has arisen about development of resistance to often-used treatments, but a comprehensive approach to eradication is usually very effective. in this article, dr potts describes the presentation of ectoparasites and discusses conservative treatment and the safe use of pediculicides. | 2001 | 11467042 |
| trombiculiasis in the florida black bear. | we found trombiculid mite (trombiculidae) infestations in 32 of 101 (32%) freeranging florida black bears (ursus americanus floridanus) live-captured or necropsied in florida from january 1999 to april 2000. prevalence of chigger infestation was greatest in june with no infestations seen october to march. chigger infestations were recognized as accumulations of bright orange granular material usually associated with hair shafts. mites were found in clusters of one to 102 (mean +/- sd = 8.5+/-19. ... | 2001 | 11504241 |
| identification of the target cells of orientia tsutsugamushi in human cases of scrub typhus. | orientia tsutsugamushi is the etiologic agent of scrub typhus, a chigger-borne zoonosis that is a highly prevalent, life-threatening illness of greatest public health importance in tropical asia and the islands of the western pacific ocean. the target cell of this bacterium is poorly defined in humans. in this study, o. tsutsugamushi were identified by immunohistochemistry using a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against o. tsutsugamushi karp strain in paraffin-embedded archived autopsy tissues ... | 2001 | 11504834 |
| epidemiological progresses of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in china. | to summarize the major achievements of chinese work on the epidemiology and prevention of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in recent years, and to give a general review on the present situation of hfrs in china. | 1999 | 11593522 |
| tungiasis in north america: a report of 2 cases in internationally adopted children. | tungiasis is a cutaneous infestation caused by the gravid female sand flea, tunga penetrans. we describe 2 cases of tungiasis that occurred in siblings who recently emigrated as international adoptees from liberia to the united states. both patients had infectious complications as a result of the infestation with t penetrans. | 2001 | 11713458 |
| determination and geographical distribution of orientia tsutsugamushi serotypes in korea by nested polymerase chain reaction. | field rodents and chigger mites were collected at 30 locations in korea in october and november 1997-1999 to determine the serotypes of orientia tsutsugamushi and their geographical distribution. a nested polymerase chain reaction was performed with the spleen tissues from 546 field-striped mice (apodemus agrarius) and 104 pools of chigger mites. the positivity rate of o. tsutsugamushi was 45.6% in a. agrarius and 39.4% in the chigger mite pools. two serotypes, boryong and karp, were found in th ... | 2001 | 11716109 |
| [experimental study on the roles of gasmid mite and chigger mite in the transmission of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus]. | to study the roles of gasmid mite and chigger mite in the transmission of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus (hfrsv). | 2001 | 11769690 |
| [studies on three types of natural foci of tsutsugamushi disease in eastern part of china]. | in order to identify the types of natural foci of tsutsugamushi disease to provide basis for prevention, a series of studies were carried out in fujian, zhejiang and jiangsu provinces. | 2000 | 11860755 |
| [investigation on natural foci of autumn-winter type tsutsugamushi disease in shandong province]. | in order to provide basic data of tsutsugamushi disease in shandong province, for the control and prevention of this disease in residents and army-men. | 2000 | 11860801 |
| [detection and proliferation of hemorrhagic fever virus in chigger mites]. | to study the impact of leptotromhidium scutellaris as a vector in transmission of hemorrhagic fever. | 1999 | 11864463 |
| [new species and sympatric relations of the chigger mite species group talmiensis (trombiculidae, neotrombicula)]. | a revision of chigger mites species being closely related to neotrombicula talmiensis (schluger, 1955) has been performed. 2 new species are described: n. pontica sp. n. from krasnodar territory (western caucasus) and n. sympatrica sp. n. from krasnodar territory, daghestan, tuva, armenia, kirghizia and turkey (rize province). n. pontica sp. n. is closely related to n. carpathica schluger et vysotzkaya, 1970 and differs from this species by the larger number of idiosomal setae (ndv = = 75-99 aga ... | 2001 | 11881135 |
| chronic ulcers and myasis as ports of entry for clostridium tetani. | evaluating tetanus immune status is not yet the usual clinical practice regarding patients with chronic ulcers or myasis. however, of 858 tetanus patients at hospital couto maia (salvador, bahia, brazil) aged 1 year or above, 2 had pressure ulcers and 17 had chronic ulceration of the lower limbs where these skin lesions were the ports of entry for clostridium tetani. in these 19 cases, the following predisposing factors were described: venous insufficiency (n=6), sickle cell anemia (n=2), hansen ... | 2003 | 11980594 |
| typical histologic features of tunga penetrans in skin biopsies. | tunga penetrans is a flea that burrows into human skin, causing the disease tungiasis. although the parasite is not endemic in the united states, patients may present with this disease upon returning from tropical locales. histologic sections contain a variety of flea parts that may present a diagnostic dilemma for pathologists unfamiliar with this disease. | 2002 | 12033962 |
| efficiency of leptotrombidium chiggers (acari: trombiculidae) at transmitting orientia tsutsugamushi to laboratory mice. | thirteen different laboratory colonies of leptotrombidim chiggers [l. chiangraiensis tanskul & linthicum, l. deliense walch and l. imphalum (vercammen-grandjean &langston)] were evaluated for their ability to transmit orientia tsutsugamushi (hyashi) to mice. of 4,372 transmission attempts using individual chiggers from all 13 colonies, 75% (n = 3,275) successfully infected mice. transmission rates for the individual chigger colonies ranged from 7 to 80%. increasing the number of chiggers that fe ... | 2002 | 12061450 |
| acari ectoparasites of bats from minas gerais, brazil. | ectoparasites were recovered from brazilian bats captured from april to november 1997 at or near parque estadual do rio doce, state of minas gerais, southeastern brazil. sixty bats were collected, representing three families and 13 species. five acari families were recorded: myobiidae, trombiculidae, labidocarpidae, macronyssidae, and spinturnicidae. the macronyssid radfordiella desmodi radovsky (71 specimens) and the spinturnicid periglichrus iheringi oudemans (45 specimens) were the most abund ... | 2002 | 12061455 |
| bacterial superinfection in human tungiasis. | tungiasis is caused by penetration of the female sand flea tunga penetrans into the epidermis of its host. it is endemic in many countries in latin america, the caribbean and sub-saharan africa. although superinfection is a common clinical observation, the frequency and the pattern of bacterial pathogens associated with tungiasis have never been investigated systematically. we conducted a prospective clinico-bacteriological study with patients living in a shantytown in fortaleza, capital of cear ... | 2002 | 12100437 |
| high prevalence of tungiasis in a poor neighbourhood in fortaleza, northeast brazil. | tungiasis has been reported to occur in many latin american, caribbean and african countries. however, epidemiological data are still very scanty and do not exist at all for brazil. to fill this gap, a cross-sectional study has been undertaken in a shantytown (favela) in fortaleza, ceará state, northeast brazil. all 327 households of a circumscribed sub-area were visited, and 1185 out of the 1460 household members were thoroughly examined for the presence of tungiasis. thirty-four% (95% ci: 30.9 ... | 2002 | 12204399 |
| ectopic localization of tungiasis. | tungiasis is caused by the penetration of the female sand flea tunga penetrans into the epidermis. it is generally assumed that lesions are confined to the feet. to determine to what degree tungiasis occurs at other topographic sites, 1,184 inhabitants of a poor neighborhood in northeastern brazil were examined; 33.6% were found to have tungiasis (95% confidence interval = 30.9-36.4%). six percent presented lesions at locations other than the feet, with the hands being the most common ectopic si ... | 2002 | 12389950 |
| [distribution of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus in gamasid mites and chigger mites]. | to study the distribution of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus (hfrsv) in mites. | 2002 | 12411201 |
| [morphological variablility in the chigger mite species neotrombicula sympatrica (acariformes: trombiculidae) from kyrgyzstan]. | aberrations (quantitative chaetotactic deviations, i.e. decreasing or increasing of setae numbers and variations in arrangement of setae) and anomalies (qualitative chaetotactic deviations, for example, partial reduction of scutum, shortening of a seta more than 1.5-2 times, merging of setae) were recorded for 13 taxonomically important morphological structures in the chigger mite species neotrombicula sympatrica stekolnikov, 2001. 3308 specimens were studied as a total. 17.2% of them had variou ... | 2002 | 12481606 |
| [proliferation and location of hantaan virus in gamasid mites and chigger mites, a molecular biological study]. | to study the proliferation and location of hantaan virus (hv) in gamasid mites and chigger mites and the significance of gamasid mites and chigger mites as vectors of transmission of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). | 2002 | 12509926 |
| development of an in vitro method for the evaluation of candidate repellents against leptotrombidium (acari: trombiculidae) chiggers. | we developed a rapid and economical in vitro procedure with which to evaluate the efficacy of candidate repellents against chiggers. the procedure requires only 5 min and a small number of chiggers to obtain a valid estimate of the median effective dose. we used this procedure to evaluate the repellent activity of 11 compounds against the chigger, leptotrombidium imphalum vercammen-grandjean and langston. median effective doses were determined for 10 of the 11 compounds. dm-165-2 (n,n-diethyl-3- ... | 2003 | 12597654 |
| [structure and seasonal dynamics of the biotic community ectoparasites of the bank vole in the il'men'-volkhov lowland]. | a biodiversity, seasonal dynamics and parasite load of a single individual and local population of the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) were studied in coniferous and mixed forests of the ilmen-volkhov lowland (neighborhood of oskuy village, chudovo region, novgorod province) in the period from june 1999 till may 2002. the gero's traps were used for collecting the host. lines of traps stood in each place during 3-5 days and were checked twice a day. trapping of micromammalian hosts and collec ... | 2002 | 12624960 |
| hantavirus transmission: potential role of ectoparasites. | hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is an often-fatal disease thought to be transmitted exclusively by rodents. we report the first evidence of hantavirus-specific rna (bayou) from two trombiculid mites (chiggers) and an ixodid tick parasitizing wild-caught rodents at a field site in texas and also from a trombiculid mite in the free-living predatory stage of the chigger life cycle collected from the same site. | 2001 | 12653138 |
| additional description of a new species of tunga (siphonaptera) from ecuador. | a new species of chigoe flea belonging to the genus tunga jarocki, 1838 (siphonaptera, pulicidae, tunginae), tunga trimamillata, was recently described by pampiglione et al. (2002). a better description and more details of the epidemiology of the flea are now presented. it is a species found in goats, pigs and cattle in santa isabel in andean ecuador. this new species differs from its most similar congener, tunga penetrans (l., 1758), by several features, the most important of which are a) the p ... | 2003 | 12669344 |