| evidence for widespread epistatic interactions influencing marek's disease virus viremia levels in chicken. | marek's disease (md), a t cell lymphoma induced by the marek's disease virus (mdv), is the main chronic infectious disease concern threatening the poultry industry. enhancing genetic resistance to md in commercial poultry is an attractive method to augment md vaccines, which is currently the control method of choice. in order to implement this control strategy through marker-assisted selection (mas), it is necessary to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) or genes that influence md incidence. ... | 2007 | 17675873 |
| molecular and biological characterization of a marek's disease virus field strain with reticuloendotheliosis virus ltr insert. | a marek's disease virus (mdv) field strain designated gx0101 was isolated from a layer flock and confirmed to be a recombinant virus with an insert of a long terminal repeat (ltr) from the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). a chimeric molecule containing an rev-ltr insert of 539 bp and its flanking sequences from mdv was amplified and sequenced. an rev-ltr downstream from the internal repeat short (irs) region has 77.4-98.6% homology to seven rev field strains isolated from different avian speci ... | 2010 | 20043197 |
| molecular evaluation of responses to vaccination and challenge by marek's disease viruses. | a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was utilized to study the in vivo replication of marek's disease vaccine viruses and of virulent oncogenic strains. in the first of four experiments, the growth of the herpes virus of turkeys (hvt) vaccine was detectable in various organs of infected chicken embryos, with the highest viral loads being present in the spleen. no evidence was obtained for replication of serotype-1 marek's disease viruses in embryos. in the second experiment, viral ... | 2007 | 17899458 |
| accumulation of attenuating mutations in varying proportions within a high passage very virulent plus strain of gallid herpesvirus type 2. | marek's disease (md) is controlled through mass vaccination. although these vaccines reduce or delay tumor formation they fail to induce sterilizing immunity and prevent virus shedding. relatively little is known about the genetic changes that lead to attenuation. it has been established that serial passage of virulent strains in avian cell lines results in the generation of attenuated progeny at some undefined passage level. a detailed cataloging of the mutations needed for attenuation will be ... | 2010 | 20109506 |
| ["best fit" pathotyping of field marek's (big liver) disease virus strains isolated in the russian federation in 2001-2005]. | the paper presents the results of classifying 20 russian isolates of serotype 1 marek's disease viruses (mdv) by the adapted "best fit" method (adol, usa). the native spf-chickens of the shchelkovo line have enough susceptibility for pathotyping of mdv. the russian isolates were classified by the pathotype in comparison with the reference strains of varying virulence; 8 of them belonged to the vv+ pathotype, 11 to the vv pathotype, and 1 to the v pathotype. | 2009 | 19253730 |
| identification of an intercistronic internal ribosome entry site in a marek's disease virus immediate-early gene. | in this study, we have identified an internal ribosome entry site (ires) from the highly infectious herpesvirus marek's disease virus (mdv). the ires was mapped to the intercistronic region (icr) of a bicistronic mrna that we cloned from the mdv-transformed cd4(+) t-cell line msb-1. the transcript is a member of a family of mrnas expressed as immediate-early genes with two open reading frames (orf). the first orf encodes a 14-kda polypeptide with two n-terminal splice variants, whereas the secon ... | 2009 | 19297480 |
| marek's disease virus influences the expression of genes associated with ifn-gamma-inducible mhc class ii expression. | chickens infected with marek's disease virus (mdv) become lifelong carriers regardless of their susceptibility to clinical disease. therefore various viral immune-evasive mechanisms must play a role in mdv-host interactions. mdv has previously been shown to influence the expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii molecules. however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon. in the present study, we studied the effect of mdv infection on the expression ... | 2010 | 20374003 |
| factors influencing the attenuation of serotype 1 marek's disease virus by serial cell culture passage and evaluation of attenuated strains for protection and replication. | this study was carried out to better understand factors that influenced the process of attenuation of marek's disease (md) virus by serial passage in cell cultures. three virulent (v) pathotype and three very virulent plus (vv+) pathotype strains were passed by three techniques up to 131 times, and the passage level at attenuation was determined. the 18 attenuated or partially attenuated viruses were evaluated for protection against challenge with virulent md virus, and the virus load (latent in ... | 2009 | 19432005 |
| viral control of vtr expression is critical for efficient formation and dissemination of lymphoma induced by marek's disease virus (mdv). | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes lethal t-cell lymphomas in chickens. mdv is unique in that it harbors two copies of a viral telomerase rna subunit (vtr) in its genome exhibiting 88% sequence identity to the chicken orthologue, chtr. the minimal telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex consists of a protein subunit with reverse transcriptase activity (tert) and tr. physiologically, the complex compensates for the progressive telomere shortening that occurs during mitosi ... | 2010 | 20423696 |
| further analysis of marek's disease virus horizontal transmission confirms that u(l)44 (gc) and u(l)13 protein kinase activity are essential, while u(s)2 is nonessential. | marek's disease virus (mdv) causes a devastating disease in chickens characterized by the development of lymphoblastoid tumors in multiple organs and is transmitted from the skin of infected chickens. we have previously reported that the u(s)2, u(l)44 (glycoprotein c [gc]), and u(l)13 genes are essential for horizontal transmission of mdv in gain-of-function studies using an a priori spread-deficient virus that was based on an infectious clone from the highly virulent rb-1b virus (prb-1b). to pr ... | 2010 | 20484497 |
| [protective immunity of a meq-deleted marek's disease virus against very virulent virus challenge in chickens]. | to evaluate the pathogenicity and immunoprotective effect of a wild strain of marek's disease virus (mdv) after deleting of its meq oncogene. | 2010 | 20499644 |
| marek's disease virus phosphorylated polypeptide pp38 alters transcription rates of mitochondrial electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation genes. | two splice variants of the marek's disease virus phosphorylated polypeptide (pp)38 were previously identified in the quail cell line qtp32 expressing pp38 under the control of an inducible promoter. we developed qt35-derived cell lines expressing these splice variants or full length pp38 with the splice acceptor sites mutated to further elucidate the role of pp38. only induction of full length pp38 resulted in an increase in mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity compared to non-induced ... | 2009 | 19472043 |
| role of marek's disease herpesvirus in the induction of tumours in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) by methylcholanthrene. | the qt35 cell line, established from 20-methylcholanthrene (mca)-induced tumours in japanese quail, is positive for marek's disease virus (mdv), and therefore we examined whether mdv is important for the development of mca-induced tumours. japanese quail were inoculated with the jm16 strain of mdv at 1 or 3 days of age or left uninoculated. at 3 weeks of age, quail were injected in the breast muscle with 4 mg mca in corn oil or corn oil alone. quail were observed for tumours three times/week and ... | 2010 | 20544424 |
| marek's disease virus-induced immunosuppression: array analysis of chicken immune response gene expression profiling. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens induced by a highly cell-associated oncogenic alpha-herpesvirus, marek's disease virus (mdv). mdv replicates in chicken lymphocytes and establishes a latency infection within cd4(+) t cells. host-virus interaction, immune responses to infection, and transcriptional profiling of chicken gene expression in md are poorly understood. in this study we conducted a global host gene expression analysis in the splenocytes of mdv-infected c ... | 2010 | 20565294 |
| characterization of the duck plague virus ul35 gene. | previous study has demonstrated that the duck plague virus (dpv) ul35 gene can be expressed as a recombinant fusion protein, and the prepared antiserum has a high reactivity and specificity against the purified recombinant protein. in the present study, to elucidate the properties and functions of its encoding protein, the ul35 gene product (vp26) was identified by using the prepared rabbit polyclonal antiserum. | 2010 | 20606463 |
| identification and characterization of the duck enteritis virus ul51 gene. | compared to the ul51 gene of other alphaherpesviruses, the duck enteritis virus (dev) ul51 gene contains ten conserved motifs and has a close evolutionary relationship with members of the genus mardivirus. the dev ul51 gene product was identified using a rabbit polyclonal antiserum raised against a 6-his-ul51 fusion protein expressed in escherichia coli as a 34-kda protein. western blotting and rt-(real time) pcr analysis of dev-infected cells showed that the protein was produced at the late sta ... | 2009 | 19517212 |
| expression and intracellular localization of duck enteritis virus pul38 protein. | knowledge of the intracellular location of a protein can provide useful insights into its function. bioinformatic studies have predicted that the dev pul38 mainly targets the cytoplasm and nucleus. in this study, we obtained anti-pul38 polyclonal sera. these antibodies were functional in western blotting and immunofluorescence in dev-infected duck embryo fibroblasts (defs). pul38 was expressed as a 51-kda protein from 8 h post-infection onward, initially showing a diffuse distribution throughout ... | 2010 | 20637115 |
| retroviral delivery of rna interference against marek's disease virus in vivo. | the process of rna interference (rnai) has been exploited in cultured chicken cells and in chick embryos to assess the effect of specific gene inhibition on phenotypes related to development and disease. we previously demonstrated that avian leukosis virus-based retroviral vectors are capable of delivering effective rnai against marek's disease virus (mdv) in cell culture. in this study, similar rnai vectors are shown to reduce the replication of mdv in live chickens. retroviral vectors were int ... | 2009 | 19531706 |
| cytokine gene expression in splenic cd4+ and cd8+ t cell subsets of genetically resistant and susceptible chickens infected with marek's disease virus. | t cells from the spleens of b(19)/b(19) and b(21)/b(21) chickens infected with mdv jm-16 strain were fractionated by flow cytometry at 4, 10, 21 days post infection (d.p.i.). the expression of cytokine and viral genes (meq and glycoprotein b (gb)) was measured by real-time rt-pcr. it was determined that cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells had both become infected with marek's disease virus (mdv) in both chicken lines. there was significantly higher expression of meq in cd4(+) t cells compared to cd8(+) t ... | 2009 | 19615758 |
| latency of marek's disease virus (mdv) in a reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed t-cell line. i: uptake and structure of the latent mdv genome. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an acute transforming alphaherpesvirus of chickens that causes marek's disease. during the infection of chickens, mdv establishes latency in cd4+ (t-helper) cells, which are also the target of transformation. the study of mdv latency has been limited to the use of mdv tumor-derived cell lines or blood cells isolated from chickens during presumed periods of latent infection. in 1992 pratt et al. described the uptake of the mdv genome by a reticuloendotheliosis-trans ... | 2009 | 19630217 |
| homodimerization of the meq viral oncoprotein is necessary for induction of t-cell lymphoma by marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a lymphotropic alphaherpesvirus that induces fatal rapid-onset t-cell lymphomas in chickens, its natural host. the mdv-encoded nuclear oncoprotein meq is essential for lymphomagenesis and acts as a regulator of transcription. meq has structural features, including a basic domain adjacent to a leucine zipper motif (b-zip), that suggest it is related to the jun/fos family of transcription factors. via the leucine zipper, meq can form homodimers or heterodimerize with ... | 2009 | 19692466 |
| identification and characterization of a duck enteritis virus us3-like gene. | duck enteritis virus (dev) causes substantial losses on duck farms; however, its molecular biology is poorly understood. here, an open reading frame of a us3-like gene of dev was identified from a dev genomic library. its existence was confirmed by cloning from dev-infected duck embryo fibroblasts (defs) and dna sequencing. the us3-like gene was then subcloned into a prokaryotic protein expression vector and expressed as a six-histidine-tagged fusion protein in escherichia coli. the protein was ... | 2009 | 19848073 |
| comparative evaluation of vaccine efficacy of recombinant marek's disease virus vaccine lacking meq oncogene in commercial chickens. | marek's disease virus (mdv) oncogene meq has been identified as the gene involved in tumorigenesis in chickens. we have recently developed a meq-null virus, rmd5 delta meq, in which the oncogene meq was deleted. vaccine efficacy experiments conducted in avian disease and oncology laboratory (adol) 15i(5) x 7(1) chickens vaccinated with rmd5 delta meq virus or an adol preparation of cvi988/rispens indicated that rmd5 delta meq provided superior protection than cvi988/rispens when challenged with ... | 2010 | 19941987 |
| the effect of the time interval between exposures on the susceptibility of chickens to superinfection with marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is ubiquitous within commercial poultry flocks because current vaccines do not prevent mdv infection or transmission. in order for newly-evolved mdv strains to become established within a flock, it seems inevitable that any new strain would need to infect and replicate in chickens previously infected with resident mdv strains. this phenomenon is difficult to detect and there is no clear evidence that it is even possible. four experiments were performed to demonstrate ... | 2010 | 20945786 |
| development of a primer-probe energy transfer based real-time pcr for detection of marek's disease virus. | a real-time pcr assay, which enables simultaneous detection and differentiation of all three serotypes of marek's disease virus, without the need for post-pcr sequencing, has been developed. the assay is based on the primer-probe energy transfer real-time pcr, which has a relatively high tolerance towards point mutations in the probe region. the pcr is followed by a probe melting point analysis, which enables confirmation of identity of amplicon and differentiation of serotypes. the assay target ... | 2010 | 20026120 |
| deletion of 1.8-kb mrna of marek's disease virus decreases its replication ability but not oncogenicity. | the 1.8-kb mrna was reported as one of the oncogenesis-related genes of marek's disease virus (mdv). in this study, the bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clone of a mdv field strain gx0101 was used as the platform to generate mutant mdv to examine the functional roles of 1.8-kb mrna. | 2010 | 21029474 |
| creation of diversity in the animal virus world by inter-species and intra-species recombinations: lessons learned from poultry viruses. | the biological diversity within viruses is one of the largest found in all other forms of nature. many mechanisms contribute to virus diversity and include incorporating genetic material from the host, recombination between viruses belonging to the same or to a different family, and even recombination between viruses normally infecting different hosts. in particular, avian viruses can utilize all three of these mechanisms to generate new viruses. it is well documented that recombinations can occ ... | 2008 | 17922180 |
| the contribution of feathers in the spread of chicken anemia virus. | chicken anemia virus (cav) spreads vertically and horizontally, however, the process is mostly still obscure. to further clarify the horizontal cav spread, we examined the contribution of feathers. we demonstrated that cav could be amplified from dna purified from feather shafts of experimentally infected chicks, and the process efficacy was evaluated by comparing the amplification of dna purified from feather shafts and lymphoid organs of cav-experimentally infected chicks. dna from feathers wa ... | 2008 | 18177972 |
| characterization of a newly developed chicken 44k agilent microarray. | the development of microarray technology has greatly enhanced our ability to evaluate gene expression. in theory, the expression of all genes in a given organism can be monitored simultaneously. sequencing of the chicken genome has provided the crucial information for the design of a comprehensive chicken transcriptome microarray. a long oligonucleotide microarray has been manually curated and designed by our group and manufactured using agilent inkjet technology. this provides a flexible and po ... | 2008 | 18237426 |
| the meq oncoprotein of marek's disease virus interacts with p53 and inhibits its transcriptional and apoptotic activities. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic herpesvirus, which causes malignant lymphoma in chickens. the meq protein of mdv, which is expressed abundantly in mdv-infected cells and in marek's disease (md) tumor cells, functions as a transcriptional activator and has been proposed to play an important role in oncogenic transformation. preliminary studies demonstrated that meq is able to bind p53 in vitro, as demonstrated using a protein-binding assay. this observation prompted us to examine whet ... | 2010 | 21110861 |
| transcriptional profiling of marek's disease virus genes during cytolytic and latent infection. | marek's disease (md), a lymphoproliferative disease of chicken is caused by a highly cell-associated alpha-herpesvirus, marek's disease virus (mdv). mdv replicates in chicken lymphocytes and establishes a latent infection within cd4(+) t cells. the expression analysis of limited viral transcripts have revealed differences in gene expression pattern during cytolytic and latent phases of mdv infection. in this study, we conducted a global gene expression profiling of mdv using oligonucleotide-base ... | 2008 | 18266100 |
| expression profiles of micrornas encoded by the oncogenic marek's disease virus reveal two distinct expression patterns in vivo during different phases of disease. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a long-recognized oncogenic herpesvirus, which induces lymphoma in its natural host that can be prevented by vaccination. mdv infection provides an excellent biological model for investigating the biology, genetics and immunology of viral oncogenesis. recently discovered micrornas (mirnas) in the mdv genome have been suggested to have regulatory roles during mdv oncogenesis. we have examined the expression profiles of all 22 previously reported mirnas encoded by md ... | 2010 | 21148277 |
| the capacity of ul49.5 proteins to inhibit tap is widely distributed among members of the genus varicellovirus. | the lifelong infection by varicelloviruses is characterized by a fine balance between the host immune response and immune evasion strategies used by these viruses. virus-derived peptides are presented to cytotoxic t lymphocytes by major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules. the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap) transports the peptides from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum, where the loading of mhc-i molecules occurs. the varicelloviruses bovine herpesvi ... | 2010 | 21159875 |
| molecular characteristics of polish field strains of marek's disease herpesvirus isolated from vaccinated chickens. | twenty-nine marek's disease virus (mdv) strains were isolated during a 3 year period (2007-2010) from vaccinated and infected chicken flocks in poland. these strains had caused severe clinical symptoms and lesions. in spite of proper vaccination with mono- or bivalent vaccines against marek's disease (md), the chickens developed symptoms of md with paralysis.because of this we decided to investigate possible changes and mutations in the field strains that could potentially increase their virulen ... | 2011 | 21320336 |
| expression and characterization of recombinant vp19c protein and n-terminal from duck enteritis virus. | previous studies have indicated that the vp19c protein and its homology play similar roles in capsid assembly of all alphaherpesvirus subfamily. however, there is no report on the vp19c protein of duck enteritis virus (dev). in this study, we expressed the dev vp19c protein and presented its antigenic properties. moreover, we developed polyclonal antibody against the vp19c protein and characterized it. | 2011 | 21349183 |
| identification of a spliced gene from duck enteritis virus encoding a protein homologous to ul15 of herpes simplex virus 1. | in herpesviruses, ul15 homologue is a subunit of terminase complex responsible for cleavage and packaging of the viral genome into pre-assembled capsids. however, for duck enteritis virus (dev), the causative agent of duck viral enteritis (dve), the genomic sequence was not completely determined until most recently. there is limited information of this putative spliced gene and its encoding protein. | 2011 | 21466705 |
| different signaling pathways expressed by chicken naive cd4(+) t cells, cd4(+) lymphocytes activated with staphylococcal enterotoxin b, and those malignantly transformed by marek's disease virus. | proteomics methods, based on liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, produce large "shotgun" proteomes that are most appropriately compared not at the level of differentially expressed proteins only but at the more comprehensive level of biological networks and pathways. this is now possible with the emergence of functional annotation databases and tools, databases of canonical pathways and molecular interactions and computational text mining tools. here, we used shotgun proteomics, ... | 2008 | 18412384 |
| structural characteristics and antiviral activity of multiple peptides derived from mdv glycoproteins b and h. | abstract: background: marek's disease virus (mdv), which is widely considered to be a natural model of virus-induced lymphoma, has the potential to cause tremendous losses in the poultry industry. to investigate the structural basis of mdv membrane fusion and to identify new viral targets for inhibition, we examined the domains of the mdv glycoproteins gh and gb. results: four peptides derived from the mdv glycoprotein gh (ghh1, ghh2, ghh3, and ghh5) and one peptide derived from gb (gbh1) could ... | 2011 | 21518442 |
| generation of an infectious clone of duck enteritis virus (dev) and of a vectored dev expressing hemagglutinin of h5n1 avian influenza virus. | we report on the generation of an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clone of duck enteritis virus (dev) and a vectored dev vaccine expressing hemagglutinin (h5) of high pathogenicity h5n1 avian influenza virus (aiv). for generation of the dev bac, we inserted mini-f vector sequences by homologous recombination in lieu of the ul44 (gc) gene of dev isolate 2085. dna of the resulting in recombinant virus v2085-gfpδgc was electroporated into escherichia coli and a full-length dev bac ... | 2011 | 21549165 |
| the ul31 to ul35 gene sequences of duck enteritis virus correspond to their homologs in herpes simplex virus 1. | five orfs in the genome of duck enteritis virus (dev) corresponding to ul31, ul32, ul33, ul34, and ul35 genes of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) were amplified by a modified "targeted gene walking" pcr, cloned, and sequenced. ul33, ul34, and ul35 genes were oriented from the left to the right of genome, while ul31 and ul32 had an opposite orientation. a comparison of deduced amino acid sequences of the dev orfs with their alphaherpesvirus homologs showed well-conserved regions except for the ul34 ... | 2008 | 18459832 |
| [construction of marek's disease virus serotype 814 strain as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome]. | the aim of this study was to construct the complete genome of marek's disease virus serotype 814 strain as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (bac). using self-designed selection marker eco-gpt (1.3 kb) and bac vector pbelobac11 (7.5 kb), we constructed the transfer plasmid puab-gpt-bac11. the plasmid puab-gpt-bac11 and mdv total-dna were cotransfected into secondary cefs; we put the virus-containing cells in selection medium for eight rounds and obtained purified recombinant viruses. ... | 2008 | 18616164 |
| functional homologies between avian and human alphaherpesvirus vp22 proteins in cell-to-cell spreading as revealed by a new cis-complementation assay. | vp22, encoded by the ul49 gene of marek's disease virus (mdv), is indispensable for virus cell-to-cell spreading. we show herein that mdv ul49 can be functionally replaced with avian and human viral orthologs. replacement of mdv vp22 with that of avian gallid herpesvirus 3 or herpesvirus of turkey, whose residue identity with mdv is close to 60%, resulted in 73 and 131% changes in viral spreading, respectively. in contrast, vp22 replacement with human herpes simplex virus type 1 resulted in 14% ... | 2008 | 18632866 |
| molecular analysis of us10, s3, and us2 in duck enteritis virus. | a 4554-bp fragment was amplified from the dev c-kce vaccine strain by single oligonucleotide nested polymerase chain reaction with partially known sequences for the dev us1 and us10 genes. three open reading frames containing the genes encoding us10, s3, and us2 were predicted using the editseq program (dnastar). the s3 and us2 genes have the same transcription orientation but are oriented head-to-head with respect to us10. the promoters and polyadenylation signals were predicted. two poly a seq ... | 2009 | 19130202 |
| marek's disease virus infection in the eye: chronological study of the lesions, virus replication, and vaccine-induced protection. | marek's disease virus (mdv) infection in the eye was studied chronologically after inoculating 1-day-old chickens with a very virulent mdv strain, md5. the ocular lesions could be classified as early lesions (6-11 days postinoculation [dpi]) and late lesions (26 and 56 dpi), based upon the location and severity of the lesions. the early lesions involved iris, ciliary body, and choroid layer, and were characterized by endothelial cell hypertrophy, vasculitis, and infiltration of lymphocytes (main ... | 2008 | 19166047 |
| characterization of the genes encoding complete us10, sorf3, and us2 proteins from duck enteritis virus. | based on the understanding that the analysis on unique short (us) region of duck enteritis virus (dev) might contribute to the recognition of the molecular characterization and the evolution of dev, in the study, a 5,121 bp fragment, which contained three genes encoding complete us10, unique short region open reading frame (sorf) 3, and us2 proteins, was amplified from the dev (c-kce) genome. the transcription orientation of the us10 and sorf3 was in a tail-to-tail way, and the sorf3 and us2 was ... | 2009 | 19224353 |
| complete genome sequence of virulent duck enteritis virus (dev) strain 2085 and comparison with genome sequences of virulent and attenuated dev strains. | we here report the complete genome sequence of the duck enteritis virus (dev) wild-type strain 2085, an avian herpesvirus (genbank id: jf999965). the nucleotide sequence was derived from the 2085 genome cloned as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clone. the dev 2085 genome is 160,649-bp in length and encodes 78 predicted open reading frames (orfs), a number identical to that identified for the attenuated dev vac strain (genbank id: eu082088.2). comparison of the genome sequence ... | 2011 | 21802458 |
| comparison of blood and feather pulp samples for the diagnosis of marek's disease and for monitoring marek's disease vaccination by real time-pcr. | comparison of blood and feather pulp (fp) samples for the diagnosis of marek's disease (md) and for monitoring marek's diseases vaccination in chickens (serotypes 2 and 3 vaccines) by real time-pcr was evaluated. for diagnosis of md, quantification of serotype 1 marek's disease virus (mdv) dna load was evaluated in 21 chickens suffering from md. for each chicken, samples of blood and fp were collected and mdv dna load was quantified. solid tumors are the sample of choice for md diagnosis by real ... | 2011 | 21793449 |
| marek's disease viruses lacking either r-lorf10 or lorf4 have altered virulence in chickens. | the marek's disease virus (mdv, gallid herpesvirus 2) genome encodes approximately 110 open reading frames (orfs). many of these orfs are annotated based purely on homology to other herpesvirus genes, thus, direct experiments are needed to verify the gene products, especially the hypothetical or mdv-specific orfs, and characterize their biological function, particularly with respect to pathogenicity in chickens. previously, a comprehensive two-hybrid assay screen revealed nine specific chicken-m ... | 2010 | 20229182 |
| effect of diluting marek's disease vaccines on the outcomes of marek's disease virus infection when challenged with highly virulent marek's disease viruses. | dilution of marek's disease (md) vaccines is a common practice in the field to reduce the cost associated with vaccination. in this study we have evaluated the effect of diluting md vaccines on the protection against md, vaccine and challenge md virus (mdv) kinetics, and body weight when challenged with strains md5 (very virulent mdv) and 648a (very virulent plus mdv) by contact at day of age. the following four vaccination protocols were evaluated in meat-type chickens: turkey herpesvirus (hvt) ... | 2011 | 21793444 |
| evaluation of factors influencing replication of serotype 1 marek's disease vaccines in the chicken lung. | factors influencing replication of serotype 1 marek's disease vaccines in the lung of chickens within the first 10 days of age (doa) were evaluated. in particular, the effect of vaccine efficacy, age/route of vaccination, and vaccine dose were examined in three experiments. in the first experiment, three vaccine pairs, each pair consisting of a high protective (hp) and a low protective (lp) vaccine (cvi988/bp5 and cvi988-clone c, 648a80 and 648a100, r2 and r2/23) were used to inoculate chickens ... | 2010 | 20390540 |
| cloning, expression and characterization of ge protein of duck plague virus. | the ge protein of duck plague virus is the important membrane glycoprotein, its protein characterization has not been reported. in this study, we expressed and presented the characterization of the dpv ge product. | 2010 | 20529349 |
| A duck enteritis virus-vectored bivalent live vaccine provides fast and complete protection against H5N1 avian influenza virus infection in ducks. | Ducks play an important role in the maintenance of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in nature, and the successful control of AIVs in ducks has important implications for the eradication of the disease in poultry and its prevention in humans. The inactivated influenza vaccine is expensive, labor-intensive, and usually needs 2 to 3 weeks to induce protective immunity in ducks. Live attenuated duck enteritis virus (DEV; a herpesvirus) vaccine is used routinely to control lethal ... | 2011 | 21865383 |
| a meq-deleted marek's disease virus cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome is a highly efficacious vaccine. | the marek's disease virus (mdv) induces t-cell tumors in susceptible chickens. of the 80 to 100 known mdv genes, only the mdv meq gene was shown to have transforming properties. further evidence that meq is probably the principal oncogene in mdv came when researchers used overlapping cosmid clones of mdv and demonstrated that deleting meq resulted in a highly protective marek's disease (md) vaccine. we deleted both copies of meq from a bacterial artificial chromosome clone (bac) of mdv. the viru ... | 2010 | 20608531 |
| late marek's disease in adult chickens inoculated with virulent marek's disease virus. | recently, excessive losses from marek's disease (md) have been noted in adult laying flocks over the age of 40 weeks. we defined these late outbreaks in adult chickens as "late md", and experimentally reproduced the disease in adult spf p2 line (50-week-old) or commercial line (74-week-old) chickens inoculated with a virulent strain of marek's disease virus (mdv). commercial line chickens were given mdv vaccines (hvt and cvi 988) at hatch. the occurrence of md was evaluated periodically by the e ... | 2010 | 20651465 |
| marek's disease virus microrna designated mdv1-pre-mir-m4 targets both cellular and viral genes. | mdv1-mir-m4 is one of 25 micrornas (mirnas) expressed by marek's disease virus (mdv-1), an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that induces fatal t-cell lymphoma in chickens. mdv1-mir-m4 was shown to be the second functional viral ortholog of mir-155, a cellular mirna that plays a crucial role in several physiological and pathological processes in lymphocyte biology. in this study, we investigated a panel of putative mdv1-mir-m4 targets involved in gene networks affecting both cellular and viral life cyc ... | 2010 | 20680360 |
| proteomic analysis of the host response in the bursa of fabricius of chickens infected with marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic herpesvirus that causes a disease in chickens characterized by tumor formation and immunosuppression. in this paper, we identified differentially expressed proteins in the bursa of fabricius of chickens infected with the highly virulent mdv strain rb1b, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis on samples from time points coinciding with mdv life-cycle phases. by maldi-tof/tof mass spectrometer, 26 proteins were identified, including 8 persistently up- ... | 2010 | 20723570 |
| differential quantification of cloned cvi988 vaccine strain and virulent rb-1b strain of marek's disease viruses in chicken tissues, using real-time pcr. | the 'gold standard' vaccine against marek's disease in poultry is the cvi988/rispens virus, which is not easily distinguishable, antigenically or genetically, from virulent marek's disease herpesvirus. accurate differential measurement of the cvi988 vaccine and virulent viruses is important to investigate mechanisms of vaccinal protection. minimal sequence differences between cvi988 and virulent mdv strains restrict the application of molecular diagnostic methods such as real-time pcr to disting ... | 2010 | 20810138 |
| functional characterization of the cc chemokine rantes from pekin duck (anas platyrhynchos). | rantes (regulated upon activation, normal t-cell expressed and secreted) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that belongs to the cc-group of chemokines. the present study was carried out to functionally characterize the previously identified rantes homologue in domestic duck (genbank accession no. ay641435). recombinant duck rantes was expressed in escherichia coli-based and hek293t cell-based systems. a trna supplementation strategy was required to express the protein in e. coli due to the prese ... | 2011 | 20850473 |
| expression profiles of genes within a subregion of chicken major histocompatibility complex b in spleen after marek's disease virus infection. | major histocompatibility complex has previously been shown to influence the resistance of chicken to marek's disease virus (mdv). however, little is known about expression of other genes in the mhc-i and ii pathway after mdv infection. this study aimed at investigating 8 immune-related genes in the mhc core region that affects host responses to mdv. spleens of infected and age-matched uninfected chickens were removed at 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d postinfection for gene expression detection using rea ... | 2010 | 20852103 |
| marek's disease virus-encoded micrornas: genomics, expression and function. | micrornas (mirnas) are the recently discovered small non-coding rna molecules that have post-transcriptional regulatory functions in many important biological processes. a large number of mirnas have been found to be encoded by viral genomes, especially in herpesviruses. previous research regarding mirnas encoded by herpesviruses, including marek's disease virus (mdv), has demonstrated their involvement in lytic replication, latent infection, t-lymphocyte transformation and tumorigenesis. mdv is ... | 2010 | 20953939 |
| molecular epidemiological investigation of marek's disease virus from guangxi, china. | the predominant field strains of marek's disease virus in guangxi were clearly different from the vaccine strain cvi988/rispens based on sequencing of the envelope glycoprotein i (gi), glycoprotein e (ge) and oncogenic meq genes. these differences may be partly responsible for the most recent outbreaks in guangxi. | 2010 | 21053030 |
| characterization of duck enteritis virus us6, us7 and us8 gene. | duck enteritis virus (dev) is a member of the family herpesviridae, the genome of which is not completely analyzed. in order to provide further insights into the genomic organization, we decided to amplify the unknown sequence in the us region since three key glycoproteins are coded in this region. glycoprotein d encoded by us6 gene is essential for virus entry and plays an important role in protecting animals from lethal challenge. glycoprotein i and e encoded by us7 and us8 gene are required f ... | 2010 | 20090359 |
| [issues on evolution of cpg islands in genome of marek's disease virus]. | to study the hypothesis about influence of one form of epigenetic heredity--dna metylation--on several criteria of pathogenicity of avian herpesviruses using marek's disease virus (mdv) as a model. | 2010 | 20218351 |
| transcriptome and proteome profiling of host responses to marek's disease virus in chickens. | marek's disease (md) is an immunosuppressive and proliferative disease of domestic chickens caused by a highly oncogenic cell-associated alpha-herpesvirus, named marek's disease virus (mdv). despite the availability of highly efficacious vaccines for control of md and existence of lines of chickens which display differential genetic susceptibility or resistance to this disease, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of mdv-host interactions. the recent advent of global or targeted gene ... | 2010 | 21067815 |
| immune responses against marek's disease virus. | it is more than a century since marek's disease (md) was first reported in chickens and since then there have been concerted efforts to better understand this disease, its causative agent and various approaches for control of this disease. recently, there have been several outbreaks of the disease in various regions, due to the evolving nature of md virus (mdv), which necessitates the implementation of improved prophylactic approaches. it is therefore essential to better understand the interacti ... | 2010 | 21087575 |
| virulent marek's disease virus generated from infectious bacterial artificial chromosome clones with complete dna sequence and the implication of viral genetic homogeneity in pathogenesis. | genetic homogeneity of a test population is essential to precisely associate a viral genome sequence and its phenotype at the nucleotide level. however, homogeneity is not easy to achieve for marek's disease virus (mdv) due to its strictly cell-associated replication. to address this problem, two virulent infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones of mdv were generated from an mdv genome previously cloned as five overlapping cosmids. the md5sn5bac clone has the bac vector inserted b ... | 2010 | 21123546 |
| analysis of transcriptional activities of the meq proteins present in highly virulent marek's disease virus strains, rb1b and md5. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic herpesvirus that causes malignant lymphomas in chickens. recent field isolates of mdv have tended to exhibit increasing virulence, and mdv strains are currently classified into four categories based on their relative virulence. meq, a putative mdv oncoprotein, resembles the jun/fos family of basic leucine zipper (bzip) transcription factors and can regulate the expression of viral and cellular genes as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with a variety of ... | 2011 | 21503681 |
| induction of immune responses in ducks with a dna vaccine encoding duck plague virus glycoprotein c. | abstract: background: a dna vaccine expressing glycoprotein c (gc) of duck plague virus (dpv) was evaluated for inducing immunity in ducks. the plasmid encoding gc of dpv was administered via intramuscular (im) injection and gene gun bombardment. results: after immunization by both routes virus-specic serum antibody and t-cell responses developed. vaccination of ducks by im injection induced a stronger humoral, but weaker cell-mediated immune response. in contrast, a better cell-mediated immune ... | 2011 | 21569289 |
| characterization of duck enteritis virus ul53 gene and glycoprotein k. | abstract: background: most of the previous research work had focused on the epidemiology and prevention of duck enteritis virus (dev). whilst with the development of protocols in molecular biology, nowadays more and more information about the genes of dev was reported. but little information about dev ul53 gene and glycoprotein k(gk) was known except our reported data. results: in our paper, the fluorescent quantitative real-time pcr(fq-rt-pcr) assay and nucleic acid inhibition test were used to ... | 2011 | 21586146 |
| expression and characterization of duck enteritis virus gi gene. | abstract: background: at present, alphaherpesviruses gi gene and its encoding protein have been extensively studied. it is likely that gi protein and its homolog play similar roles in virions direct cell-to-cell spread of alphaherpesviruses. but, little is known about the characteristics of dev gi gene. in this study, we expressed and presented the basic properties of the dev gi protein. results: the special 1221-bp fragment containing complete open reading frame(orf) of duck enteritis virus(dev ... | 2011 | 21595918 |
| characterization of the duck enteritis virus ul55 protein. | abstract: background: characteration of the newly identified duck enteritis virus ul55 gene product has not been reported yet. knowledge of the protein ul55 can provide useful insights about its function.results:the newly identified duck enteritis virus ul55 gene was about 561 bp, it was amplified and digested for construction of a recombinant plasmid pet32a(+)/ul55 for expression in escherichia coli. sds-page analysis revealed the recombinant protein ul55(pul55) was overexpressed in escherichia ... | 2011 | 21609474 |
| establishment of real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for transcriptional analysis of duck enteritis virus ul55 gene. | abstract: background: real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay (qrt-pcr) has become the benchmark for detection and quantication of target gene expression level and been utilized increasingly in detection of viral load and therapy monitoring. the dynamic transcription variation of duck enteritis virus ul55 gene during the life cycle of duck enteritis virus in infected cells has not been reported yet.results:the newly identified duck enteritis virus ul55 gene w ... | 2011 | 21631934 |
| comparative analysis of the genes ul1 through ul7 of the duck enteritis virus and other herpesviruses of the subfamily alphaherpesvirinae. | the nucleotide sequences of eight open reading frames (orfs) located at the 5' end of the unique long region of the duck enteritis virus (dev) clone-03 strain were determined. the genes identified were designated ul1, ul2, ul3, ul4, ul5, ul6 and ul7 homologues of the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1). the dev ul3.5 located between ul3 and ul4 had no homologue in the hsv-1. the arrangement and transcription orientation of the eight genes were collinear with their homologues in the hsv-1. phylogeneti ... | 2009 | 21637656 |
| serial transfer of a transplantable tumor: implications for marek's vaccine mechanisms. | the mechanism of marek's disease (md) vaccination to prevent the lymphoproliferative disease in chickens is not well understood. it is generally recognized that vaccination prevents disease, including the induction of t-cell tumors, but it does not prevent the pathogenic virus from infecting and replicating in the vaccinated host, nor does it prevent bird to bird spread of the oncogenic virus. the stage at which the vaccinated immune system intervenes in the process from infection to the inducti ... | 2011 | 21793448 |
| development and application of a phosphoproteomic method using electrostatic repulsion-hydrophilic interaction chromatography (erlic), imac, and lc-ms/ms analysis to study marek's disease virus infection. | marek's disease (md) is an avian neoplastic disease caused by marek's disease virus (mdv). the mechanism of virus transition between the lytic and latent cycle is still being investigated; however, post-translational modifications, especially phosphorylation, have been thought to play an important role. previously, our group has used strong cation exchange chromatography in conjunction with reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) to study the changes in global pr ... | 2011 | 21736374 |
| A Novel Herpesvirus in 3 Species of Pheasants: Mountain Peacock Pheasant (Polyplectron inopinatum), Malayan Peacock Pheasant (Polyplectron malacense), and Congo Peafowl (Afropavo congensis). | The mountain peacock pheasant (Polyplectron inopinatum), the Malayan peacock pheasant (Polyplectron malacense), and the Congo peafowl (Afropavo congensis) are all listed as vulnerable to extinction under the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. Here the authors report fatal infection with a novel herpesvirus in all 3 species of birds. DNA was extracted from the livers of birds with hepatocellular necrosis and intranuclear eosinophilic incl ... | 2011 | 22075776 |
| systems analysis of immune responses in marek's disease virus-infected chickens identifies a gene involved in susceptibility and highlights a possible novel pathogenicity mechanism. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a highly contagious oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that causes disease that is both a cancer model and a continuing threat to the world's poultry industry. this comprehensive gene expression study analyzes the host response to infection in both resistant and susceptible lines of chickens and inherent expression differences between the two lines following the infection of the host. a novel pathogenicity mechanism, involving the downregulation of genes containing hic1 tr ... | 2011 | 21865384 |
| gene expression profiling in rmd5- and rmd5deltameq-infected chickens. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disorder of domestic chickens caused by a highly contagious and oncogenic alpha-herpesvirus, marek's disease virus (mdv). md is characterized by bursal-thymic atrophy and rapid onset of t-cell lymphomas that infiltrate lymphoid tissues, visceral organs, and peripheral nerves with severe clinical signs that include transient paralysis, anemia, weight loss, and neurologic disorders. using overlapping cosmids- and bac-cloned mdv, it has been shown that ... | 2011 | 22017031 |
| a comparative evaluation of the protective efficacy of rmd5deltameq and cvi988/ rispens against a vv+ strain of marek's disease virus infection in a series of recombinant congenic strains of white leghorn chickens. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disease of domestic chickens caused by a highly infectious, oncogenic alpha-herpesvirus known as marek's disease virus (mdv). md is presently controlled by vaccination. current md vaccines include attenuated serotype 1 strains (e.g., cvi988/rispens), avirulent serotype 2 (sb-1), and serotype 3 (hvt) mdv strains. in addition, recombinant mdv strains have been developed as potential new and more efficient vaccines to sustain the success of md control i ... | 2011 | 22017035 |