| use of countercurrent chromatography during isolation of 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-o-β-glucoside, a major antioxidant of athrixia phylicoides. | athrixia phylicoides, an indigenous south african herbal tea, has potential as a source of nutraceutical antioxidant extracts. countercurrent chromatography (ccc) was employed as part of a multi-step process to isolate one of the major antioxidant compounds in a. phylicoides extracts. antioxidant activity of the extracts was comparable to commercial nutraceutical extracts from aspalathus linearis and cyclopia spp. in a range of assays. the extracts were tested for radical scavenging (2,2'-azino- ... | 2011 | 21236437 |
| use of green rooibos (aspalathus linearis) extract and water-soluble nanomicelles of green rooibos extract encapsulated with ascorbic acid for enhanced aspalathin content in ready-to-drink iced teas. | heat-induced changes in aspalathin, iso-orientin, and orientin content of ready-to-drink (rtd) green rooibos iced tea formulations were investigated. an organic-solvent-based aspalathin-enriched extract prepared from green rooibos was used "as-is" or encapsulated with ascorbic acid in a water-soluble nanomicelle-based carrier system. the common iced tea ingredients, ascorbic acid, and/or citric acid were added to the iced tea containing green rooibos extract. only citric acid was added to the ic ... | 2010 | 20923193 |
| effects of rooibos (aspalathus linearis) on oxidative stress and biochemical parameters in adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. | in south africa, the plant aspalathus linearis (brum.f) dahlg. (fabaceae) is traditionally used as a "tea" referred to as rooibos or redbush. this plant has been listed as a medicinal plant based mostly on anecdotal evidence. | 2011 | 20833235 |
| clinical efficacy comparison of anti-wrinkle cosmetics containing herbal flavonoids. | herbal anti-wrinkle cosmetics were formulated from ginkgo (ginkgo biloba), a mixture of tea and rooibos (camellia sinensis and aspalathus linearis) and soybean (glycine soja). these extracts were incorporated into the preliminary developed stable gel base with good preference. the gingko formulation was found to be more stable than the formula containing a mixture of tea and rooibos and the soybean formula. clinical efficacies of the ginkgo formula and the formula containing a mixture of tea and ... | 2010 | 20412217 |
| the in vitro effects of rooibos and black tea on immune pathways. | the in vitro effects of aspalathus linearis (rooibos tea) and camellia sinensis (black tea) on biomarkers of specific immune pathways were determined using whole blood culture assays. stimulated and unstimulated whole blood cultures were incubated with tea extracts. enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were used to screen spent culture medium for interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and interferon gamma as biomarkers for inflammation, humoral immunity, and cell mediated immunity, respectively. rooibos an ... | 2010 | 20391028 |
| online gas chromatography combustion/pyrolysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (hrgc-c/p-irms) of (+/-)-dihydroactinidiolide from tea ( camellia sinensis ) and rooibos tea ( aspalathus linearis ). | online capillary gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry in both the combustion and the pyrolysis modes (hrgc-c/p-irms) was employed to perform authentication studies of the flavoring agent (+/-)-dihydroactinidiolide. thus, the delta(13)c(v-pdb) and delta(2)h(v-smow) values of synthetic (ex synthetic beta-ionone and natural beta-carotene) as well as enzymatically (ex synthetic and natural beta-carotene) produced references were studied in comparison with those of the natural substance ... | 2009 | 19514730 |
| effect of heat on aspalathin, iso-orientin, and orientin contents and color of fermented rooibos (aspalathus linearis) iced tea. | the phenolic quality of commercial south african fermented rooibos iced teas in terms of aspalathin, iso-orientin, and orientin contents in comparison to a "cup of tea" was shown to be inferior. the role of the different manufacturing stages of powdered extract used in iced tea formulation and, more specifically, the impact of pasteurization and sterilization on the color and phenolic content of the beverage, were assessed as potential causes of its inferior phenolic quality. aspalathin and its ... | 2009 | 21314198 |
| anti-oxidative effects of rooibos tea extract on autoxidation and thermal oxidation of lipids. | powdered rooibos tea extract (rte), which is rich in polyphenols, is made from rooibos tea by freeze-drying. "rooibos" is afrikaans for "red bush," and the scientific name is "aspalathus linearis." it is a broom-like member of the legume family of plants and is used to make an herbal tea which has been popular in south africa for generations and is now consumed in many countries. in the present work, the anti-oxidative effect of rte on oils and fats in autoxidation or thermal oxidation was studi ... | 2009 | 19430189 |
| structure-antioxidant relationship of flavonoids from fermented rooibos. | rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) contains different bioactive phenolic compounds such as dihydrochalcones, flavonols, flavanones, flavones, and flavanols. flavonoids isolated from rooibos were subjected to different in vitro assays: trolox equivalent antioxidant activity, ldl oxidation and fremy's salt assays to determine the total antioxidant activity (taa). assay results were compared, and the structure-antioxidant relationship was investigated. a decoupled ldl oxidation test was established ... | 2009 | 19156714 |
| effect of rooibos tea ( aspalathus linearis ) on japanese quail growth, egg production and plasma metabolites. | | 2008 | 28140626 |
| characterization of phenolic compounds in rooibos tea. | polyphenols present in rooibos, a popular herbal tea from aspalathus linearis, were isolated in two steps. first, phenolic ingredients were separated by multilayer countercurrent chromatography (mlccc). preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) was then applied to obtain pure flavonoids. the purity and identity of isolated compounds was confirmed by different nmr experiments, hplc-diode array detector (dad), or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) analysis. this strategy ... | 2008 | 18399640 |
| effect of rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) on japanese quail growth, egg production and plasma metabolites. | 1. birds have been proposed as a suitable model for studies on ageing because of their long life in comparison with similar-sized mammals. however, some weak fliers, such as galliformes, are the exception to this rule. the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the treatment with rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis), a natural source of flavonoid antioxidants and compounds with phyto-oestrogenic activity, on postnatal development and egg production of aged japanese quail (coturnix ... | 2008 | 18210290 |
| effect of species variation and processing on phenolic composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of cyclopia spp. (honeybush tea). | the in vitro antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts prepared from four cyclopia spp. (unfermented and fermented) was assessed using radical (abts *+) scavenging, ferric ion reduction, and inhibition of fe2+-induced microsomal lipid peroxidation as criteria. aqueous extracts of unfermented and fermented aspalathus linearis (rooibos) and camellia sinensis teas (green, oolong, and black) were included as reference samples. qualitative and quantitative differences in phenolic composition were demo ... | 2008 | 18198832 |
| evaluation of spectrophotometric methods for screening of green rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and green honeybush (cyclopia genistoides) extracts for high levels of bio-active compounds. | the potential of uv spectrophotometry and an aluminium chloride (alcl(3)) colorimetric method to determine the dihydrochalcone (dhc) and mangiferin contents of green rooibos and honeybush (c. genistoides) extracts, respectively, was investigated. the dhc content of rooibos water extracts, determined using uv spectroscopy, correlated with the sum of the aspalathin and nothofagin contents as quantified using hplc (r = 0.98). a correlation coefficient of 0.91 was obtained when correlating the mangi ... | 2014 | 17893845 |
| in situ flavonoid analysis by ft-raman spectroscopy: identification, distribution, and quantification of aspalathin in green rooibos (aspalathus linearis). | ft-raman spectroscopy was used for the first time for in situ identification of aspalathin and quantification of the dihyrochalcones in dried, green rooibos (aspalathus linearis). with the support of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, characteristic key bands of aspalathin, the main flavonoid and antioxidant occurring in rooibos, were localized and identified in the spectra obtained from various plant samples. application of raman mapping revealed the spatial distribution of this valuable ... | 2006 | 17105163 |
| phytoestrogens from aspalathus linearis. | from the leaves of aspalathus linearis, 24 known compounds and a new one, aspalalinin (25), were isolated. the structures of the compounds were determined mainly based on spectral evidence. the absolute configuration of aspalalinin was presented on the basis of x-ray analysis. each isolate was assessed for its estrogenic activity by an estrogen elisa assay. compounds 12, 15, and 24 showed the estrogenic activity. | 2006 | 16755032 |
| antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of aqueous extracts and crude polyphenolic fractions of rooibos (aspalathus linearis). | unfermented rooibos tea is known to contain higher levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids than its fermented counterpart, making it the obvious choice for the preparation of flavonoid-enriched fractions. evaluation of aqueous extracts and crude polyphenolic fractions of unfermented and fermented rooibos showed anti- and/or pro-oxidant activities, using a linoleic acid-tween-buffer emulsion for lipid peroxidation and the deoxyribose degradation assay, based on a fenton reaction model system c ... | 2005 | 16366725 |
| antioxidant activity and protective effect on dna strand scission of rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis). | rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) was extracted by refluxing with water and 75% ethanol as a solvent. antioxidant activity and protective effect on dna strand scission were investigated by using different antioxidant assay systems and dna strand nicking assay, respectively. 75% ethanol extract has higher content of total soluble phenolics and flavonoid than water extract. antioxidant activities such as hydrogen donating capacity and scavenging activity of hydrogen peroxide were higher in 75% eth ... | 2004 | 15630213 |
| unfermented rooibos tea: quantitative characterization of flavonoids by hplc-uv and determination of the total antioxidant activity. | unfermented rooibos originates from the leaves and the stems of the indigenous south african plant, aspalathus linearis, and it has been reported to have a higher content of flavonoids compared to that of fermented rooibos. the hplc/uv method developed in our laboratory for the analysis of the fermented rooibos was applied to the quantitative characterization of the major flavonoids present in the unfermented rooibos. main compounds determined were aspalathin (49.92 +/- 0.80 mg/g), isoorientin ( ... | 2003 | 14640601 |
| quantitative characterization of flavonoid compounds in rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) by lc-uv/dad. | rooibos tea originates from the leaves and stems of the indigenous south african plant aspalathus linearis. it has gained much attention for clinical purposes in the case of nervous tension, allergies (dermatitis), and various indigestive problems. recently, antioxidative activity was also attributed to the tea on the basis of its flavonoid content. therefore, an hplc method using a c(18) reversed phase column was developed for the assay of 10 flavonoids in aqueous and methanolic infusions. main ... | 2002 | 12236672 |
| antihemolytic effect of rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) on red blood cells of japanese quails. | the antihemolytic activity of rooibos and black tea on japanese quail erythrocytes was studied. peroxide and hypotonic hemolysis of the red blood cells of quails, either fed with rooibos tea supplemented food or fed without tea, was performed. long-term consumption of rooibos tea did not change the erythrocyte fragility to either peroxide or hypotonia induced hemolysis. however, rooibos and black teas decreased peroxide induced hemolysis of erythrocytes incubated with each of them, but not hemol ... | 2000 | 11409839 |
| (s)- and (r)-eriodictyol-6-c-beta-d-glucopyranoside, novel keys to the fermentation of rooibos (aspalathus linearis). | the processed leaves and stems of aspalathus linearis contain a new diastereomeric pair of the flavanones, (s)- and (r)-eriodictyol-6-c-beta-d-glucopyranoside, which is also formed via the oxidative cyclization of the dihydrochalcone, aspalathin, under conditions which mimic the fermentation process. | 2000 | 11021643 |
| effect of rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) on chick skeletal muscle cell growth in culture. | rooibos tea (rt) extract contains natural antioxidants and scavenging agents. we investigated the effects of different concentrations of rt extract in medium on growth and changes of growth parameters of cultured chick embryonic skeletal muscle cells. presence of 2, 10 and 100% of rt extract in the culture of primary cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation. the inhibition of cell growth reflected on decreased dna, rna and protein contents in primary cell culture and fibroblasts and myob ... | 1997 | 9080671 |
| density dependent interactions between va mycorrhizal fungi and even-aged seedlings of two perennial fabaceae species. | the interaction of density and mycorrhizal effects on the growth, mineral nutrition and size distribution of seedlings of two perennial members of the fabaceae was investigated in pot culture. seedlings of otholobium hirtum and aspalathus linearis were grown at densities of 1, 4, 8 and 16 plants per 13-cm pot with or without vesicular-arbuscular (va) mycorrhizal inoculum for 120 days. plant mass, relative growth rates, height and leaf number all decreased with increasing plant density. this was ... | 1992 | 28313470 |
| [the effect of rooibos tea on iron absorption]. | a study was carried out to determine if rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) has a deleterious effect on iron absorption similar to that of ordinary tea (camellia sinensis). three groups of volunteers, each consisting of 10 healthy young men comparable with regard to iron status and body dimensions, were studied. after ingestion of 1 muci 59fe and 16 mg of elemental iron, group a drank rooibos tea, group b ordinary tea and group c boiled water. iron absorption was measured 14 days later with a whol ... | 1979 | 462276 |
| c-glycosylflavonoids. the chemistry of aspalathin. | 1. the isolation of aspalathin, the principal phenolic constituent in the leaves of aspalathus linearis, is described and its properties are discussed. 2. the compound has been identified as 3'-c-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxydihydrochalcone by the preparation and analysis of various derivatives, by photochemical oxidation to 2,3-dihydroiso-orientin and by nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies. | 1966 | 4290475 |