| virus-specific proteins associated with the replication complex of poliovirus rna. | the poliovirus replication complex was isolated and purified from infected hela s3 cells. preparations with rna-dependent rna polymerase activity were concentrated 200- and 1000-fold with respect to the original virus and total protein content. the enzyme activity was found to be associated with the proteins ncvpi, 2, 3, 4, (5), 6 and vpl/ncvpx. the structural proteins vp2, 3 and 4 were not present. addition of cycloheximide to infected cells resulted in a decrease in the in vitro polymerase act ... | 1975 | 169319 |
| fluoroimidazoles as antiviral agents and inhibitors of polynucleotide biosynthesis. | | 1975 | 169446 |
| evidence for control of translation of the viral genome during replication of mengo virus and poliovirus. | | 1975 | 169625 |
| [use of cross-absorbed sera in neutralization tests with viral titration by the cytopathogenic effect]. | a new method for intratypic antigenic differentiation of poliovirus strains has been developed. the method is based on the use of cross-absorbed sera in neutralization tests where virus is titrated by the cytopathic effect. qualitative differences between the antigenic structure of vaccine and "wild" strains as well as between some "wild" strains of the same serologic type have been found. the method may be used in practical laboratories. | 1975 | 169628 |
| removal of enteroviruses from sewage by bench-scale rotary-tube trickling filters. | the efficacy of a rotary-tube type of trickling filter for removing coxsackievirus a9, poliovirus 1, and echovirus 12 suspended in raw settled sewage was investigated. at filtration rates equivalent to about 10 mgd (million gallons per day)/acre (ca. 3,785 m3/day per acre), the filters removed 95% of the poliovirus, 83% of echovirus 12, and 94% of coxsackievirus a9. coliform, fecal streptococci, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand removals were remarkably similar, averaging 94, ... | 1975 | 169731 |
| microbiological hazards of household toilets: droplet production and the fate of residual organisms. | large numbers of bacteria and viruses when seeded into household toilets were shown to remain in the bowl after flushing, and even continual flushing could not remove a persistent fraction. this was found to be due to the adsorption of the organsims to the porcelain surfaces of the bowl, with gradual elution occuring after each flush. droplets produced by flushing toilets were found to harbor both bacteria and viruses which had been seeded. the detection of bacteria and firuses falling out onto ... | 1975 | 169732 |
| studies on the function of polyadenylic acid on poliovirus rna. | rnaase h was used to remove selectively over 83% of 3' terminal polyadenylic acid [poly(a)] from poliovirus rna. in a single cycle infection with this poly(a)-deficient rna, no evidence for multiplication of the rna was found. to elucidate further the function of poliovirus poly (a), the translational capacity of the rnaase h-treated and untreated rna was studied in a cell-free protein synthesizing system prepared from hela cells. removal of most of the poly(a) did not affect the pattern or amou ... | 1975 | 170001 |
| [inactivation of enteroviruses in seawater]. | virus survival in the laboratory was examined in non sterile and sterile seawater. five enteric viruses were studied (poliovirus, coxsackie a and b) at four temperatures 4, 12, 22, 37 degrees. thirty to forty days were required for a 3 log (99.9%) reduction at 22 degrees c, without regard to the virus type, in sterile seawater. survival times were longer at lower temperatures, but shorter in non sterile seawater. a correlation between virus inactivation and particles of natural seawaters was sug ... | 1975 | 170017 |
| the effects of concanavalin a on the early events of infection by rhinovirus type 2 and poliovirus type 2. | the effect of concanavalin a (con a) on the course of early infection of hela cells with purified radioactive human rhinovirus type 2 (hrv-2) or poliovirus type 2 (p-2) has been examined. several early steps in infection were inhibited before the uncoating of parental virus. con a, at 100 mug/ml, reduces attachment of virus when added to cells before infection. con a also detectably slows the normal progression of adsorbed virus to tightly bound forms characterized, in the case of hrv-2, by resi ... | 1975 | 170375 |
| [sensitivity of various primate cells and animal viruses to the antiviral activity of human leukocyte interferon (author's transl)]. | u cells (a permanent, human amnion cell line) were protected against infection with semliki forest virus (sfv) by human interferon (hif) from peripheral leukocytes. despite the usual genus-specific action of interferons, mouse l929 cultures (a permanent mouse fibroblast cell line) were also protected by hif. the antiviral action of hif in six other primate cell cultures was also examined. it is of interest that two lymphoblastoid cell lines, rpmi1788 and kaplan, were insensitive to hif. the sens ... | 1975 | 170886 |
| reciprocal antagonism of two transfection methods. | | 1975 | 170889 |
| attempts to extend the genetic map of poliovirus temperature-sensitive mutants. | eighteen new ts mutants of poliovirus have been isolated after a variety of mutagenic treatments, and their loci identified in relation to the previous genetic map. the map was only extended by 25%, and the physiological characters of the new isolates corresponded in all aspects tested with those of the previous isolates. apparently single mutants at the extreme left of the map were defective in synthesis of both double- and single-stranded rna, functions that do not co-vary in other mutants. tw ... | 1975 | 171333 |
| [application of the neutralization index comparison method to the intratyping identification of 1 e 3 types of poliovirus using hep-2 cell cultures]. | | 1975 | 171760 |
| polyadenylic acid on poliovirus rna iv. poly(u) in replicative intermediate and double-stranded rna. | | 1975 | 171838 |
| [influence of some substances on the titration of a poliovirus aqueous suspension (author's transl)]. | important changes of virus titer are observed when low concentration of mineral salts (nacl, mgcl2, alcl3) or detergents (tween 80) are added to a poliovirus suspension in distilled water. calf serum addition to these suspensions induces new variations of virus titer. the highest titre is obtained in isotonic medium with calf serum. | 1975 | 171987 |
| [effect of sodium salicylate on the "in vitro" development of rna viruses (author's transl)]. | sodium salicylate 10(-3) m is able to limit the number of plaques induced by rna viruses on monkey kidney cell cultures (cercopithecus aethiops and macaccus rhesus). however, the inhibition rate changes with the virus type or even the strain used. poliovirus 2, coxsackie b3, echovirus and reovirus 1 were the most susceptible to the inhibitory effect of the drug. latent infection caused by sv5 decreases the antiviral activity of salicylate. the stages of the poliovirus type 2 growth affected by s ... | 1975 | 171988 |
| studies on the survival and fate of enteroviruses in an experimental model of a municipal solid waste landfill and leachate. | in laboratory scale municipal solid waste lysimeters containing simulated refuse, and seeded with either laboratory or field strains of poliovirus type 1 and echovirus type 7, viruses were not detected in the lysimeter leachate produced over a 4-month period. in addition, viruses were detected in the lysimeter refuse contents after termination of lysimeter operation. these results appeared to be due to virus retention in the lysimeter caused by virus adsorption and virus inactivation. evidence f ... | 1975 | 172012 |
| studies on the effect of inactivated viruses on the growth of poxvirus variolae. ii. the effect of some viruses varying in heat-inactivation degree. | | 1975 | 172175 |
| [confirmation of the localization on human chromosome f19 of a structural gene of poliovirus receptors]. | the study of permissivity for poliovirus and the study of enzymatic markers in man-mouse somatic cell hybrids presents a very positive correlation between the presence of the poliovirus receptor and the presence of a well known enzyme marker, the phosphoglucoseisomerase (gpi), localized on the human chromosome f 19. | 1975 | 172256 |
| protein synthesis during aging of human cells in culture. direction by polio virus. | | 1975 | 172341 |
| replication of picornaviruses. i. evidence from in vitro rna synthesis that poly(a) of the poliovirus genome is genetically coded. | a crude replication complex has been isolated from poliovirus-infected hela cells and used for synthesis of poliovirus replicative intermediate (ri) rna, replicative form (rf) rna, and single-stranded (ss) rna in vitro. all three classes of virus-specific rna synthesized in vitro are shown to contain poly(a). poly(a) of rf and of ss rna [rf-poly(a) and ss-poly(a)] has a chain length (50 to 70 nucleotides) that is shorter than that of poly(a) of in vivo-synthesized rnas. poly(a) of ri [ri-poly(a) ... | 1975 | 172656 |
| heat-accelerated radioinactivation of attenuated poliovirus. | attenuated poliovirus is inactivated in a synergistic manner when exposed simultaneously to heat and ionizing radiation. the synergistic response is observed in both the thermally labile and stable forms of the virus. a three-term kinetic model may be used to describe the inactivation response of the virus in a thermal and/or ionizing radiation environment. | 1975 | 172939 |
| defective interfering (di) particles of poliovirus. | | 1975 | 172972 |
| [experimental results with systematically synthetized substances for antiviral chemotherapy / 4th communication: the role of physical binding in the synthesis of antiviral chemotherapeutics and its influence on potential mutagenic effects (author's transl)]. | 13 antiviral substances containing specific hydrogen bridge linkage systems out of the classes of 2-substituted 4-phenylthiazoles, 4-phenylimidazoles and indandiones-(1,3) were tested for their mutagenic potency in the host-mediated assay, in bone marrow of rats, in spermatogonia of mice and in the micronucleus test of rats. only one substance, n1-methyl-n2-[4-phenylthiazolyl-(2)]-urea, was found to be mutagenic. this fact substantiates the hypothesis that the antiviral effectiveness of the subs ... | 1975 | 173351 |
| absence of poly (a) from the infective rna of nodamura virus. | with the exception of phage qbeta, the rnas of all the other small icosahedral rna viruses so far examined contain a poly (a) tract. this tract has been implicated in the infectivity of poliovirus rna. we have now shown that nodamura virus, a divided genome virus from which infective rna can be extracted, does not contain any poly (a) tracts. this evidence with nodamura virus shows that poly (a) is not a necessary requirement for the infectivity of virus rna molecules. | 1976 | 173797 |
| poliovirus proteins associated with the replication complex in infected cells. | viral polypeptides associated with the membrane-free replication complex of poliovirus rna were multiple in nature. the structural protein precursors [vp0, vp1, vp3] predominated, and because they were found in a cytoplasmic component with the same s value and density as the replication complex are likely to be attached to it in vivo. they were not present in the form of empty capsids. the electrophoretic polypeptide pattern of the membrane-bound replication complex was similar but showed a pred ... | 1976 | 173800 |
| comparative aspects of the replication of alphaviruses and poliovirus. | the replication of both alpha- and picornaviruses results in the production of plus-stranded viral progeny. each of these two classes of virus devotes about the same amount of viral genetic information to structural proteins but the alphaviruses use more genetic information for non-virion proteins. this additional information may be required because the alphaviruses have a much broader host range. alternatively, the additional information may be required for interrupted transcription that yields ... | 1975 | 173940 |
| 5'-terminal structure of poliovirus polyribosomal rna is pup. | poliovirus rna purified from virus-specific polyribosomes does not contain m7g in a 5'-5'-pyrophosphate linkage at its 5'-end. the only potential 5'-end found in ribonuclease digests of this rna is pup, which is present in a yield of 1 mole/mole of poliovirus rna. we conclude that a 5'-terminal m7g is not required for translation of at least one rna species in animal cells. | 1976 | 174102 |
| a method of isolating enteroviruses from meat]. | a method of isolating the virus echo ii in specimens of stewed beef and cutlets is assessed. the procedure involves obtaining extracts of the meat with the saline (in ratios of 1:2 and 1:4) in combination with processing with freon 113. this method failed to detect in the meat samples analyzed 20-30 cpd50 of the virus in 1 g. experiments demonstrated that eluation of the poliovirus from the meat into an aqueous saline depended on the proportion of meat and the eluating solution. it was shown tha ... | 1975 | 174319 |
| [analysis of cultures infected by vaccinal strains of viruses for detecting in them the integrated genome of these viruses (author's transl)]. | white mice of 10-12 g were immunized with one of the three virus vaccines (vaccines against poliomyelitis, measles, smallpox) at various intervals. poliovirus type ii and measles virus, edmonston strain, were labeled in tissue culture with 3h-uridine (30/uci/ml). smallpox virus (rabbit strain) was labeled with 3h-thymidine (30/uci per ml) also in tissue culture. after purification and concentration of labeled poliomyelitis and measles viruses, viral rna was isolated by double extraction with phe ... | 1975 | 174321 |
| human exposure to sv40: review and comment. | | 1976 | 174424 |
| use of iodinated organic compounds for the density gradient centrifugation of viruses. | use of urografin and conray for the equilibrium centrifugation of viruses is described. these pharmaceuticals, which consist of iodinated arylic compounds, reach densities of 1.6 g/cm3 and have low intrinsic viscosities. poliovirus, newcastle disease virus, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus were centrifuged to equilibrium in gradients made of these substances. viral infectivities were not measurably affected, which is especially noteworthy in the case of the very labile lymphocytic choriome ... | 1975 | 174530 |
| [reproduction of enteroviruses and membrane potential of the affected cell]. | | 1975 | 175247 |
| [development of poliovirus infection in laboratory animals of different species]. | the capacity of vaccine and virulent strains of poliomyelitis virus to multiply in laboratory animals of different species was studied. virus reproduction was judged by formation of photoresistant virus progeny in response to inoculation of the animals with photosensitized virus. multiplication of virulent poliomyelitis virus strains observed in the majority of animal species examined (monkeys, newborn and adult cotton rats, newborn and adult white mice, chickens, chick embryos) resulted in acti ... | 1975 | 175580 |
| [formation and persistence of latex-agglutination-inhibiting igg- and igm-antibodies in rabbits inoculated with poliomyelitis, coxsackie and encephalomyocarditis viruses (author's transl)]. | the formation and presistence of virus specific igg- and igm-antibodies produced in rabbits after a single dose of poliomyelitisvirus, coxsackievirus or encephalomyocarditisvirus were tested comparatively by latex-agglutination-inhibition test, hemagglutination-inhibition test and neutralization test. the animals were immunized either intravenously alone or with freund's complete adjuvant. the igm-antibodies were only detectable for a short time by the three tests. in the igg-fraction and in the ... | 1975 | 175613 |
| letter: antibodies to poliovirus and measles virus. | | 1976 | 175911 |
| characterization of an enterovirus associated with acute infectious lymphocytosis. | an enterovirus (evu-16) previously isolated from children with acute infectious lymphocytosis has been further characterized. the evu-16 virus sediments as a 135s particle in sucrose gradients, has a density of 1-335 g/ml in cscl, contains 4 polypeptides and has a single stranded rna genome sedimenting at 35s. these structural features as well as the presence of a virus-related particle, the procapsid, are similar to those of other enteroviruses. however, the largest polypeptide of evu-16 is 490 ... | 1976 | 176314 |
| [antiviral effect of acridine derivative c 283]. | | 1976 | 176540 |
| neutralization of poliovirus: a hypothesis to explain the mechanism and the one-hit character of the neutralization reaction. | | 1976 | 176784 |
| [lipid composition of cellular systems following viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. ii. determination of the content of total lipids, phospholipids and neutral lipids in cells infected with respiratory viruses]. | | 1975 | 176826 |
| [lipid composition of cellular systems following respiratory virus infection. iii. determination of fatty acid composition by gas chromatography]. | | 1975 | 176827 |
| [study of the behavior of poliomyelitis virus type 1 in diffrerent hydrous media (author's transl)]. | after having analyzed several surveys on natural inactivation of viruses in water, the authors have attempted to determine the survival life of poliomyelitis virus type 1 in hydrous medium, of known composition, well-buffered and devoid of any bacterial contamination on the one hand, and on the other hand, in a similar medium with addition of organic humate-type substances. the experiment was carried out at 4 degrees c and at laboratory room temperature (18 degrees c-24 degrees c). results tend ... | 1975 | 176841 |
| naturally occurring antiglobulin factors in virus neutralization: homoreactant as a factor enhancing neutralization of the infectious complex of poliovirus with the fab' antibody fragment. | a factor present in normal rabbit sera enhanced the neutralization of the infectious complex of poliovirus with the pepsin fab' fragment of rabbit immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody but showed no activity for the infectious complex of the same virus with igg antibody. the factor was associated with igg, and its activity was inhibited by the pepsin fab' fragment of normal rabbit igg. the data suggest that the enhancing factor belongs to naturally occurring antiglobulin to the homologous fab' fragmen ... | 1976 | 177361 |
| the response to oral poliovaccine in persons aged 16-18 years. | serum neutralizing antibodies to polioviruses were titrated in serum samples from 182 police cadets aged 16-18 years before and, in 168 of the cadets, 6 weeks after vaccination with a single dose of oral polio vaccine (opv). faecal excretion of poliovirus was also followed. vaccination histories were obtained and confirmed whenever possible. pre-vaccination antibody could not be detected against type 1 in 9-3% cadets, against type 2 in 2-7% and against type 3 in 7-7%. absence of antibody to at l ... | 1976 | 177700 |
| the effect of tilorone hydrochloride on the growth of several animal viruses in tissue cultures. | tilorone hydrochloride, at a concentration of 10 mug/ml inhibits the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1 in bs-c-1 cells. the growth of vaccinia virus in bs-c-1 cells is partially inhibited; however, six viruses containing rna, including four members of the togavirus group grown in chick fibroblasts, are not affected by the drug. the inhibition of the growth of herpes virus by tilorone hydrochloride is greater when the multiplicity of infection is lower than 1 p.f.u/cell and when the drug is a ... | 1976 | 177724 |
| inhibition of protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates by poliovirus. | addition of 1 x 10(10) p.f.u. purified poliovirus to 100 mul of a rabbit reticulocyte lysate protein synthesizing system causes a complete inhibition of initiation of protein synthesis. this inhibition is not due to the viral rna nor to any contaminants of the preparation, but is most likely caused by the viral coat protein. | 1976 | 177725 |
| structural difference between the 5' termini of viral and cellular mrna in poliovirus-infected cells: possible basis for the inhibition of host protein synthesis. | host protein synthesis in poliovirus-infected hela cells is interrupted, but the host mrna appears to remain completely intact and unmodified. the average size and poly (a) content of host mrna was previously known to be unchanged (koschel, 1974; leibowitz and penman, 1971), and this was confirmed. in addition, the 5' terminal methylated "cap" structures remained intact, and no further base modifications at the level of 1 base in 1,000 could be detected. poliovirus rna from viruses was previousl ... | 1976 | 178904 |
| enterovirus type 70 virion and intracellular proteins. | the proteins of purified enterovirus type 70 grown in rhabdomyosarcoma cells and the intracellular proteins at 4 to 5 h after infection have been examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. virions contained four proteins: p-1 (35,000, daltons) p-2 (28,000, daltons) p-3 (27,000, daltons) and p-4 (9,000 daltons). further, addition of zncl2 to infected cultures inhibited virus plaque development and interfered with post-translational cleavage. | 1976 | 178922 |
| further studies of specificity of antibodies contained in antiserum against poliovirus. | antigenic components of mahoney strain (poliovirus type 1) involved in virus neutralization reaction were analyzed with mutant mahoney strains resistant to inhibitors in equine serum (inhibitor-resistant mutants) by means of the kinetic neutralization test. it was shown that absorption of anti-mahoney serum with five inhibitor-resistant mutants yielded sera with different antibodies, of which three had distinct specificities and two specificities possibly partly related to one of those three ser ... | 1976 | 178940 |
| [poliovirus and simian adenovirus replication in mixed infections of primary monkey kidney cell cultures]. | | 1976 | 178967 |
| [effect of environmental physico-chemical factors on poliovirus replication]. | | 1976 | 178968 |
| [effect of migillin on protein synthesis in intact and virally infected tkce and fl cells]. | the effect of migillin was studied with respect to protein synthesis in the cells of tkce (transplantable line of cells of the kidneys of cow embryos) and fl--intact and infected with viruses of aphtous fever a22, strain 550 and poliomyelitis of type iii, strain saukett respectively. simultaneously the effect of migillin on sensitivity of the cells to the above viruses was tested. the synthesis of protein was determined by incorporation of c14-glycine into the acid insoluble fraction of the cell ... | 1976 | 179466 |
| calcium hydroxide (lime) and the elimination of human pathogenic viruses from sewage: studies with experimentally-contaminated (poliovirus type 1, sabin) and pilot plant samples. | | 1976 | 179691 |
| demonstration of a core in poliovirus particles by electron microscopy. | electron microscopic examination of poliovirus in cscl-solutions without conventional staining with phosphotungstic acid or uranyl acetate revealed the existence of cores inside poliovirus particles. empty capsids could not be visualized by this technique. evidently, cscl can enhance the contrast of the virus particle to an extent sufficient for the study of poliovirus particles by electron microscopy under conditions in which they exhibit specific properties. | 1976 | 180251 |
| [permissivity of mouse-man hybrid cell clones to three enteroviruses: poliovirus ii, coxsackie b3 and echovirus 11. role of human chromosome f. 19 (author's transl)]. | the permissivity of human cells to enteroviruses is linked to the presence of specific cell receptors. owing to the chance elimination of human chromosomes, the man-mouse hybrid cells may be permissive or not depending on the genome responsible for synthesis of the receptors, and whether it has been conserved or not. by comparison of the cytopathogenic effects and virus production after inoculation of the viruses polio ii, echo 11 and coxsachie b3 to various hybrid strains, we observed an identi ... | 1976 | 180477 |
| [experimental data on the virological study of pasteurized milk]. | virological analyses of sterile milk per se enabled the poliovirus to be disclosed with a concentration of 30 infection units in 1 ml. to determine such doses of the viruses in pasteurized milk the viruses have to be concentrated, for prior to cytopathogenic manifestations subsequent to these viral doses there occurs bacterial germination. in achieving poliovirus concentration in pasteurized milk are suitable polyethyleneglycol, molecular weight 15 000, and polyvinylpyrolidon, molecular weight 1 ... | 1975 | 180688 |
| [effect of 2-deoxy-d-glucose on enterovirus reproduction in hep-2 cell cultures]. | the influence of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2dg) on reproduction of some enteroviruses was studied. when 2dg was added to carbohydrate-free medium. it exerted a marked inhibiting effect on reproduction of poliovirus type i (virulent and attenuated variants) and coxsackie b1, b2, b3, b5 and b6 viruses. the agent was inactive for virulent and attenuated poliomyelitis type ii viruses. poliomyelitis type iii and coxsackie b4 viruses were shown to be incable of multiplication in carbohydrate-free medium whe ... | 1976 | 180691 |
| poliovirus antibody differentiation. methods and application for strain specific diagnosis in complications after oral vaccination. | differentiation both of cf. and neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus seems to be a suitable method for the discrimination of the causative virus strain-either wild type or attenuated- of the clinical disease. antibody differentiation is not only a completion of the virus strain differentiation methods (marker tests) but is especially of value in those cases in which no virus could be obtained for characterization, when indemnity claims for vaccination incidents are to be evaluated. | 1976 | 180727 |
| demonstration of solids-associated virus in wastewater and sludge. | data presented demonstrate the relatively high multiplicity of solids-associated virus in field samples, i.e., wastewater, sludge, and soils. influent, effluent, and chlorinated effluent samples showed 16.1 to 100% of the total virus demonstrated in samples to be solids associated. three techniques for freeing solids-associated virus are described and compared. using sonication of solids and polyethylene glycol concentration, virus was demonstrated in fully digested sludge (60 days at 34 c), san ... | 1976 | 180882 |
| inactivation of poliovirus in digested sludge. | the effect of anaerobically digested sludge on poliovirus during incubation at temperatures between 28 and 4 c was studied. although virus was fully recoverable from sludge, its infectivity decreased in proportion to the time and temperature of incubation. the rate ranged from greater than 1 log per day at 28 c to about 1 log every 5 days at 4 c. the mechanism of inactivation was studied at the lower temperature where the sedimentation coefficients of most inactivated particles were not detectab ... | 1976 | 180887 |
| restricted replication of herpes simplex virus in neural cells. | | 1976 | 181756 |
| [adsorption of enteroviruses on nitrate cellulose membranes: influence of mineral salts, detergents and calf serum (author's transl)]. | the filtration through cellulose nitrate membranes of a poliovirus type ii suspension in distilled water alone or with added mineral salts (nacl, mgcl2, alcl3) results in adsorption of the virus. the maximal adsorption is obtained with nacl. a detergent in the virus suspension or a pretreatment of the membranes with calf serum prevents this adsorption. elution of the adsorbed enteroviruses is achieved with alcaline and proteinaceous buffer. | 1976 | 182051 |
| [poliomyelitis in the german federal republic 1974-1975 (author's transl)]. | the virological surveillance of poliomyelitis in 1974-1975 led to the detection of specific characteristics of wild viruses in 57 out of 221 cases of poliovirus isolation. the disease symptoms were typical for poliomyelitis in 36 of these cases, less characteristic in 13. polio wildvirus was isolated 8 times from the surroundings of the patients. in 36 foreign patients and one german the causative agent was imported from an endemic area. in these cases and in a further 7 german patients the dise ... | 1976 | 182446 |
| non-specific immunity after local immunization. | the most important advantage of local immunization is the non-specific effect. the active protection test in mice shows an immunity against oral infection with virulent salmonella typhimurium bacteria after oral immunization with heterologous inactivated enterobacteria. we observed the same non-specific protection in a viral model. after oral immunization with inactivated s. typhimurium bacteria, the mice are protected against oral infection with a virulent parapoliomyelitis virus. in the phagoc ... | 1976 | 182583 |
| interaction of liposomes with subviral particles of poliovirus type 2 and rhinovirus type 2. | subviral particles ("a particles") were produced from rhinovirus type 2 by treatment with acid and from poliovirus type 2 by incubation at 37 degrees c in a low-ionic-strength buffer. a particles, but not virions, adsorbed to liposomes. it is proposed that these reactions may provide an in vitro model for two early steps of infection. | 1976 | 183023 |
| [production and characterization of some mouse embryo cellular substrates in vitro]. | cell cultures with a different multiplication potential in vitro, depending upon the strain source used, were obtained from mouse embryos belonging to the cva, c57 black a2g and swiss strains. only the swiss 12 culture underwent spontaneous transformation and was carried through more than 50 passages in vitro. the swiss-12 substrate proved not to be contaminated either by viruses or micoplasma. it is less sensitive than other elective cell substrates to infection with attenuated polioviruses, cy ... | 1976 | 183259 |
| [findings of virus-neutralizing antibodies against polioviruses in the population of slovakia 9 and 12 years following introduction of immunization by attenuated polioviruses (author's transl)]. | | 1976 | 183864 |
| [viral diseases in pregnancy]. | | 1976 | 184014 |
| test method for determination of virucidal efficacy of liquid surface disinfectants. | a test method was developed incorporating aoac use-dilution stainless steel penicylinders and h.ep.-2 tissue culture cells for the evaluation of disinfectants as virucides. the subsequent collaborative study using herpes simplex and poliovirus type 1 in evaluation against a quaternary ammonium compound, phenolic, and iodiphor disinfectants indicated that the basic test procedure is sound. however, an improved virus concentration technique and a modified method for drying virus-contaminated cylin ... | 1976 | 184075 |
| genesis and maintenance of a persistent infection by canine distemper virus. | vero cells were persistently infected with canine distemper virus by continuous undiluted passage of virus harvests. the cells were refractory to superinfection by both measles virus and canine distemper virus. these persistently infected cells produced and released into the medium a labile component which had a potent and selective inhibitory effect on the replication of canine distemper and measles virus. the inhibitory agent was not inactivated by u.v.-irradiation or sedimented by ultracentri ... | 1976 | 184239 |
| defect in translation of poliovirus rna at the restrictive temperature. | | 1976 | 184290 |
| physical and metabolic requirements for early interaction of poliovirus and human rhinovirus with hela cells. | attachment, ""tight binding'' and eclipse of radioactive poliovirus 2 (p2) and human rhinovirus 2 (hrv 2) were investigated. the activation energy for attachment of both hrv2 and p2 was about 13 kcal/mol. hrv2 differed from p2 in two respects: the arrhenius plot for attachment of hrv2 showed a break at 15 to 19 degrees c when the cells were first treated several hours at 0 degrees c, and attachment of hrv2 was inhibited by treatment of cells with metabolic poisons able to reduce cellular atp by ... | 1976 | 184301 |
| interferon-induced inhibition of protein synthesis in l-cell extracts: an atp-dependent step in the activation of an inhibitor by double-stranded rna. | the translation of encephalomyocarditis virion rna in extracts from interferon-treated l-cells is inhibited by the addition of double-stranded rna (dsrna) at 400 ng/ml. a similar inhibition in response to dsrna is seen in control cell extracts supplemented with small amounts of a postribosomal supernatant fraction from interferon-treated cells (interferon cell sap): neither interferon cell sap nor dsrna alone is inhibitory in control systems. the inhibition is much reduced if translation is carr ... | 1976 | 184463 |
| seroimmunity of adult ghanian hospital staff and their wards to poliomyelitis. | the antibody content of sera collected from 104 adult staff of the korle bu teaching hospital and 16 of their wards were studied by microtitre neutralization test to poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3. the immune status of the study population was highly satisfactory; there was only one (0.83%) out of the 120 persons studied without antibodies to all three poliovirus types. the percentage of sero-positive subjects to the individual poliovirus types, that is 1, 2 and 3 were 75.83%, 70.00% and 86.16% of ... | 1975 | 184602 |
| stability of human enteroviruses in estuarine and marine waters. | studies of the effects of temperature and salinity on the survival of three enteric viruses (poliomyelitis type 1, echovirus-6, and coxsackievirus b-5) under controlled laboratory conditions and in situ indicate that temperature rather than salinity is the critical factor affecting their stability, in that the higher the temperature the more rapid was the loss of viral infectivity. in the laboratory studies, all three viruses were quite stable at 4 degrees c, with infectious virus still detectab ... | 1976 | 184736 |
| comparison of four eluents in the recovery of indigenous viruses from raw sludge. | the efficiency of 3% casein hydrolysate (ch), 3% lactalbumin hydrolysate (lh), 3% beef extract (be), and 10% fetal calf serum (fcs) was compared for the recovery of viruses from raw sludge. ch and lh proved to be inefficient and were eliminated from the study after initial testing. in tests with 20 different samples of raw sludge, beef extract eluted virus in 15 (75%) and fcs revealed virus in 19 (95%) of the samples using bs-c-1 cells. that different eluents were not eluting different viruses f ... | 1976 | 184901 |
| polyadenylate sequences of human rhinovirus and poliovirus rna and cordycepin sensitivity of virus replication. | the polyadenylate [poly(a)] content of the genome rna of human rhinovirus type 14 (hrv-14) is nearly twice as large as that of the genome rna of poliovirus type 2. the poly(a) content of viral rna was determined to be the rnase-resistant fraction of 32p-labeled viral rna extracted from purified virions. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the poly(a) sequences of hrv-14 are more heterogenous and on an average larger than those of poliovirus rna. on the basis of susceptibility to mi ... | 1976 | 185411 |
| [is the rheumatoid arthritis of children a late complication of rubella? (proceedings)]. | | 1976 | 185840 |
| [studies on virus inactivation by chlorine during water disinfection (author's transl)]. | the studies described indicate a potential for water-borne transmission of viral diseases and the problems involved in virus inactivation by means of water chlorination. in contrast to the amount of free chlorine, the value of the oxidation-reduction potential (orp) was found to be a criterion of virus inactivation. for virus inactivation, higher orp values and longer periods of contact than for the killing of bacteria, respectively, were found to be necessary. to ensure the inactivation of poli ... | 1976 | 185851 |
| specific inactivation of herpes simplex virus by silver nitrate at low concentrations and biological activities of the inactivated virus. | the infectivities of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 were inactivated by silver nitrate at concentrations of 30 mum or less, which did not affect at all the infectivities of hemagglutinating virus of japan, vesicular stomatitis virus, poliovirus, vaccinia virus, and adenovirus. the inactivated virus retained the capability of adsorbing to the cell, with an adsorption kinetics quite similar to that of intact virus, and of inducing the concanavalin a agglutinability in the infected cells, where ... | 1976 | 185946 |
| virus movement in soil columns flooded with secondary sewage effluent. | secondary sewage effluent containing about 3 x 10(4) plaque-forming units of polio virus type 1 (lsc) per ml was passed through columns 250 cm in length packed with calcareous sand from an area in the salt river bed used for ground-water recharge of secondary sewage effluent. viruses were not detected in 1-ml samples extracted from the columns below the 160-cm level. however, viruses were detected in 5 of 43 100-ml samples of the column drainage water. most of the viruses were adsorbed in the to ... | 1976 | 185960 |
| the morphology of tumors of the human gastrointestinal tract in short-term organ culture and the reaction of these tumors to infection with poliovirus. | a morphologic study of 57 cancers of the human gastrointestinal tract maintained in short-term organ culture was carried out, and the response of part of these tumors to infection with poliovirus was studied. the tumors, grown in vitro, mainly retained their original characteristics and histologic types. a certain correlation between the histologic type and its viability in short-term organ culture was revealed: the more differentiated forms were maintained better than the poorly differentiated ... | 1976 | 186175 |
| potency of field samples of oral poliovirus vaccine. | the transport and storage facilities and the potency of oral poliovirus vaccines currently administered in 108 centres in india were investigated. storage and distribution practices in many of the centres were far from ideal. there was no significant loss of potency in the vaccine samples collected from a few centres, while samples from other centres showed a 60-99% loss of virus particles per dose. a national monitoring system has since been established to check the potency of every batch of or ... | 1976 | 186207 |
| effect of hypertonic medium on protein synthesis of mahoney and lsc poliovirus. | the initiation of synthesis of mahoney virus protein is more sensitive to high osmolarity than initiation of synthesis of lsc virus protein. production of mahoney virus protein appears to be only slightly more resistant to high osmolarity than synthesis of hela-rhino cell protein. | 1976 | 186637 |
| concentration of viruses from large volumes of tap water using pleated membrane filters. | a method is described for the efficient concentration of viruses from large volumes of tap water in relatively short time periods. virus in acidified tap water in the presence of aluminum chloride is adsorbed to a 10-inch (ca. 25.4 cm) fiberglass depth cartridge and a 10-inch pleated epoxy-fiberglass filter in series at flow rates of up to 37.8 liters/min (10 gallons/min). this filter series is capable of efficiently adsorbing virus from greater than 19,000 liters (5,000 gallons) of treated tap ... | 1976 | 187115 |
| detection of virus in water: sensitivity of the tentative standard method for drinking water. | the sensitivity of several microporous virus-adsorbent media for reliably detecting low levels of poliovirus from 380 and 1,900 liters of drinking water by use of the tentative standard method was investigated. the virus-adsorbent media tested were (i) nitrocellulose membrane filters, (ii) epoxy-fiber glass-asbestos filters, (iii) yarn-wound fiber glass depth filters, and (iv) epoxy-fiber glass filter tubes. virus was adsorbed to the filter media at ph 3.5 and eluted with glycine buffer, ph 11.5 ... | 1976 | 187116 |
| a perfusion culture system for virus vaccine manufacture in diploid cell cultures. | development of a new perfusion culture system for the production of attenuated poliomyelitis virus in cultures of diploid cells is described. the growth characteristics of the diploid cells (mrc-5) were found to be normal in the perfused system. procedures for the routine production of cell cultures at twice the cell density of stationary bottle cultures were established. the yield of virus (lsc 2ab) per cell and per unit of surface growth area were observed to be significantly higher in the per ... | 1976 | 187274 |
| immune response to acute otitis media in children iii. implications of viral antibody in middle ear fluid. | with the technique of radioimmunodiffusion and indirect fa staining, iga antibody to measles, mumps, rubella, and polio-1 were determined in serum and middle ear fluid (mef) of 103 patients with otitis media. the occurrence of iga viral antibody in mef and its absence in simultaneously drawn serum was used as an indicator of local antibody production. of the 401 assays performed, 41 instances of iga antibody exclusively in mef were found. only four of these occurred in specimens from unimmunized ... | 1977 | 187700 |
| provocation poliomyelitis and entry of poliovirus to the cns. | it is proposed that entry to the cns by poliovirus occurs from multiple sites which are seeded during viremia. at each site, an inflammatory reaction allows entry to peripheral nerves. differences in incubation times are related to the length of nerve to be followed. virus reaches the cns sequentially but does not in natural poliomyelitis spread within the cns. provoking agents are identified as immunogenic and their action explained. details of paralysis among cutter vaccinees are explained by ... | 1976 | 187911 |
| [the concept of risk in poliomyelitis (author's transl)]. | in poliomyelitis the risk is of neurological accidents resulting either from the circulation of wild viruses (spontaneous risk) or from the introduction of virus-vaccine (vaccine risk). the spontaneous risk varies both according to the virus type and according to various factors which determine host resistance. well known among these are: the intrinsic characteristics of the population at a given period (genetic factors and previous experiences of this population with poliomyelitis viruses); env ... | 1976 | 188083 |
| cell surface antigens induced by herpes simplex virus (hsv). | among the antigens induced by hsv on the surface of infected cells there are antigens binding anti-hsv antibodies by their combining (fab) site (hsv-ag), and others binding antibodies of various specificities, probably through their fc fragment (igr). hsv-ag were demonstrated by cytotoxicity and mixed agglutination tests; igr were made evident by passive hemadsorption. the ability to induce igr is especially characteristic of hsv-1 strains, being absent or limited with hsv-2 strains. igr were no ... | 1976 | 188230 |
| isolation of apparently wild strains of poliovirus type 1 from sewage in the ottawa area. | in the first 4 months of 1974, 140 gauze pad samples of sewage collected in the ottawa area were analysed by the bs-c-1 cell system for the presence of viruses pathogenic for humans. viruses were isolated from 111 (79%) of the samples. of the 72 (65%) isolates identified by serology and electron microscopic examination, 56 (78%) were reoviruses and 16 (22%), enteroviruses. the enterovirus isolates included one coxsackievirus b4, one vaccine strain of poliovirus type 3, nine vaccine strains of po ... | 1977 | 188533 |
| control of peptide chain initiation in uninfected and virus infected cells by membrane mediated events. | initiation of protein synthesis in tissue culture cells is rapidly inhibited or blocked by addition of either dmso, ethanol, tpck, cytochalasin b, or sucrose to the growth medium. in contrast, these agents do not interfere with the initiation of protein synthesis in cell-free extracts to a comparable extent. these results support the hypothesis that protein synthesis in tissue culture cells can be influenced by membrane mediated events. translation of viral mrna in rna virus infected cells is re ... | 1976 | 188735 |
| growth characteristics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) virus in monkey kidney cells. ii. temperature sensitivity of the isolates obtained at various epidemic areas. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) virus strains isolated in eight different areas during epidemics of ahc were tested for the reproductive capacity at 33, 37 and 39 degrees. all of the 25 strains tested grew better at 33 degrees but restrictively at 39 degrees. the degree of temperature sensitivity varied slightly from one strain to the other, but generally exceeded that of attenuated poliovirus type 1, strain lsc2ab. temperature-resistant clones were selected by repeated passages of origin ... | 1976 | 188780 |
| a note on single - and two - dose immunogenicity tests of inactive virus vaccine in chicks. | single dose extinction limit test of inactive polio vaccine in chicks lasts 4 days and offers the same results as the two-dose test which requires 14 days. when "long-term" incubation instead of "conventional" 2 hours-incubation of the serum/virus mixtures in the neutralization reaction was used, extinction limit values higher by 0,6-0,7 log 10 were regularly obtained. | 1976 | 188947 |
| inhibition of host cell protein synthesis by uv-inactivated poliovirus. | the ability of poliovirus that was irradiated with uv light at energies up to 2,160 ergs/mm2 to subsequently inhibit host cell protein synthesis was measured. the inactivation of the host cell shutoff function followed one-hit kinetics. increasing irradiation did not affect the rate of inhibition until the multiplicity of infection after irradiation was reduced to approximately 1 pfu/cell. at higher functional multiplicities, the rate was unchanged, but an increasing lag before the onset of inhi ... | 1977 | 189067 |
| possible in vitro repair of viral rna by ligase-like enzyme(s) in poliovirus-infected cells. | a soluble polymerase-template complex prepared from poliovirus-infected cells was found to incorporate radioactive utp into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble rna linearly for 8 h in the presence of atp and mg2+. radioactive ctp or gtp was not incorporated under identical conditions. nearest-neighbor analysis of the in vitro product demonstrated that atp was added to the viral rna in the form of polyadenylic acid; utp was added internally to the 3'-oh group of all four nucelotides. the data can best ... | 1977 | 189080 |
| a protein covalently linked to poliovirus genome rna. | poliovirion [32p]rna, after digestion with rnase t2, yields mononucleotides and a labeled compound "x," which is not negatively charged at ph 5. x contains, relative to the label in virion rna, one to two phosphates and is partially acid insoluble. it can be labeled with tritiated amino acids 3 hr after infection, is insoluble in chloroform/methanol, and can be digested with pronase. these observations suggest that x is a protein. the protein cannot be removed from the polio genome when the rna ... | 1977 | 189316 |
| persistence of poliovirus 1 in soil and on vegetables grown in soil previously flooded with inoculated sewage sludge or effluent. | land disposal of sewage sludge and effluent is becoming a common practice in the united states. the fertilizer content and humus value of such wastes are useful for agricultural purposes, and the recycling of sewage onto the land eliminates many of our stream pollution problems. the potential exists for crops grown in such irrigated soil to be contaminated by viruses that may be present in the sewage. studies were initiated to determine viral persistence in soil and on crops grown under natural ... | 1977 | 189685 |
| poliovirus aggregates and their survival in water. | inactivation of aggregated poliovirus by bromine is characterized by a continuously decreasing reaction rate. poliovirus released from infected cells in these experiments by alternate freezing and thawing in water without electrolytes has always been aggregated. the aggregates persist even on 7,000-fold dilution in ion-free water. virus similarly released into phosphate-buffered saline solution may be well dispersed, but it aggregates when sedimented into a salt-free sucrose gradient or when it ... | 1977 | 189686 |