| aquaporin-4 in acute cerebral edema produced by clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin. | sheep, particularly lambs, with high circulating levels of clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin develop severe neurologic signs and often die suddenly. on microscopic examination, in the brain, there is microvascular endothelial injury and diffuse vasogenic edema. the aquaporin (aqp) family of membrane water-channel proteins, especially aqp-4, is important in the regulation of water balance in the brain and facilitates reabsorption of excess fluid. in rats given epsilon toxin, generalize ... | 2008 | 18487486 |
| functional and structural characterization of soluble recombinant epsilon toxin of clostridium perfringens d, causative agent of enterotoxaemia. | clostridium perfringens types b and d are responsible for enterotoxaemia, one of the major causes of cattle mortality and is therefore of great economic concern. the epsilon toxin produced by the organism is the major antigenic determinant and has been directly implicated for the disease causation. in the present paper, we evaluated the biological activity of the recombinant epsilon toxin (retx) produced as soluble protein in escherichia coli. the retx was purified to near homogeneity by a one-s ... | 2010 | 20676627 |
| binding of epsilon-toxin from clostridium perfringens in the nervous system. | epsilon-toxin (epsilon-toxin), produced by clostridium perfringens type d, is the main agent responsible for enterotoxaemia in livestock. neurological disorders are a characteristic of the onset of toxin poisoning. epsilon-toxin accumulates specifically in the central nervous system, where it produces a glutamatergic-mediated excitotoxic effect. however, no detailed study of putative binding structures in the nervous tissue has been carried out to date. here we attempt to identify specific accep ... | 2008 | 18406080 |
| epsilon-toxin production by clostridium perfringens type d strain cn3718 is dependent upon the agr operon but not the virs/virr two-component regulatory system. | clostridium perfringens type b and d strains cause enterotoxemias and enteritis in livestock after proliferating in the intestines and producing epsilon-toxin (etx), alpha-toxin (cpa), and, usually, perfringolysin o (pfo). although etx is one of the most potent bacterial toxins, the regulation of etx production by type b or d strains remains poorly understood. the present work determined that the type d strain cn3718 upregulates production of etx upon close contact with enterocyte-like caco-2 ce ... | 2011 | 22167225 |
| lethal effects of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin are potentiated by alpha and perfringolysin-o toxins in a mouse model. | epsilon toxin (etx) is the most important virulence factor of clostridium perfringens type d. two other important toxins, alpha toxin (cpa) and perfringolysin-o (pfo), are encoded and potentially produced by most c. perfringens type d isolates. the biological effects of these toxins are dissimilar although they are all lethal. since the possible interaction of these toxins during infection is unknown, the effects of cpa and pfo on the lethal activity of etx were studied in a mouse model. mice we ... | 2008 | 17997054 |