| effects of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron, and ginger consumption on markers of glycemic control, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation in type 2 diabetes patients. | type 2 diabetes (t2d) may be caused by elevated oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperglycemia. the phytochemicals in several herbal medicines are reported to effectively improve diabetes and to ameliorate diabetic complications. the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron, and ginger as supplementary remedies in t2d. | 2015 | 26177486 |
| impedance study of tea with added taste compounds using conducting polymer and metal electrodes. | in this study the sensing capabilities of a combination of metals and conducting polymer sensing/working electrodes for tea liquor prepared by addition of different compounds using an impedance mode in frequency range 1 hz-100 khz at 0.1 v potential has been carried out. classification of six different tea liquor samples made by dissolving various compounds (black tea liquor + raw milk from milkman), (black tea liquor + sweetened clove syrup), (black tea liquor + sweetened ginger syrup), (black ... | 2012 | 23035436 |
| screening of immunomodulatory activity of total and protein extracts of some moroccan medicinal plants. | herbal and traditional medicines are being widely used in practice in many countries for their benefits of treating different ailments. a large number of plants in morocco were used in folk medicine to treat immune-related disorders. the objective of this study is to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of protein extracts (pes) of 14 moroccan medicinal plants. this activity was tested on the proliferation of immune cells. the prepared total and pes of the plant samples were tested using mtt ( ... | 2013 | 22301818 |
| evaluation of the antioxidant activity of extracts and active principles of commonly consumed indian spices. | accumulating evidence suggests that free radical reactions play a key part in the development of degenerative diseases and that an antioxidant-rich diet is a major defense against these free radical reactions. in this study, we explore comparative antioxidant capacities of extracts of some commonly used in indian spices (anise, cardamom, ceylon cinnamon, and clove) along with their purified components (anethole, eucalyptol, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol, respectively). eugenol shows the highest 1, ... | 2016 | 27992311 |
| further observations on rhythmic emission of fragrance in flowers. | observations regarding floral fragrance and the rhythmicity of its emission in four plant species are reported. in the case of flowers of hoya carnosa r. br. which are characterized by circadian rhythmicity of scentedness (r. altenburger and p. matile, 1988, planta 174, 248-252), temperature compensation of the free-running period as well as persistence of oscillations in permanent darkness have been demonstrated. a hitherto unidentified component of fragrance turned out to be identical to an un ... | 1990 | 24201944 |
| spices: therapeutic potential in cardiovascular health. | dietary factors play a key role in the development as well as prevention of certain human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. currently there has been an increase in global interest to identify medicinal plants that are pharmacologically effective and have low or no side effects for use in preventive medicine. culinary herbs and spices are an important part of human nutrition in all the cultures of the world. there is a growing amount of literature concerning the potential benefits of t ... | 2016 | 27774899 |
| medicinal plants targeting cardiovascular diseases in view of avicenna. | cardiovascular disease (cvd) is a spectrum of diseases involving the heart and blood vessels, and the first cause of mortality worldwide. medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years to treat cvd. in traditional persian medicine (tpm), there is a special focus on heart diseases. avicenna, a persian physician of the eleventh century compiled a book devoted to this field named "the treatise on cardiac drugs" which is a compendium of tpm knowledge on cvd. avicenna mentioned 50 cardiovascul ... | 2017 | 28215156 |
| search for β-secretase inhibitors from natural spices. | the growing number of alzheimer's disease (ad) patients prompted us to seek effective natural resources for the prevention of ad. we focused on the inhibition of β-secretase, which is known to catalyze the production of senile plaque. sixteen spices used in asian countries were selected for the screening. among the extracts tested, hexane extracts obtained from turmeric, cardamom, long pepper, cinnamon, sichuan pepper, betel, white turmeric and aromatic ginger showed potent inhibitory activities ... | 2016 | 27396206 |
| type iii polyketide synthase repertoire in zingiberaceae: computational insights into the sequence, structure and evolution. | zingiberaceae or 'ginger family' is the largest family in the order 'zingiberales' with more than 1300 species in 52 genera, which are mostly distributed throughout asia, tropical africa and the native regions of america with their maximum diversity in southeast asia. many of the members are important spice, medicinal or ornamental plants including ginger, turmeric, cardamom and kaempferia. these plants are distinguished for the highly valuable metabolic products, which are synthesised through p ... | 2016 | 27138283 |
| effect of some high consumption spices on hemoglobin glycation. | formation of glycation products is major factor responsible in complications of diabetes. worldwide trend is toward the use of natural additives in reducing the complications of diseases. therefore, there is a growing interest in natural antiglycation found in plants. herbs and spices are one of the most important targets to search for natural antiglycation from the point of view of safety. this study investigated the ability of some of the spices to inhibit glycation process in a hemoglobin/glu ... | 2017 | 25593391 |
| gastroprotective effects of combination of hot water extracts of turmeric (curcuma domestica l.), cardamom pods (ammomum compactum s.) and sembung leaf (blumea balsamifera dc.) against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. | to investigate the protective effect of the combination of turmeric (curcuma domestica), cardamom pods (amomum compactum) and sembung leaf (blumea balsamifera) on gastric mucosa in aspirin-induced gastric ulcer model rats. | 2014 | 25183139 |
| cancer cell signaling pathways targeted by spice-derived nutraceuticals. | extensive research within the last half a century has revealed that cancer is caused by dysregulation of as many as 500 different gene products. most natural products target multiple gene products and thus are ideally suited for prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases, including cancer. dietary agents such as spices have been used extensively in the eastern world for a variety of ailments for millennia, and five centuries ago they took a golden journey to the western world. various ... | 2012 | 22149093 |
| condiments and contact dermatitis of the finger - tips. | patch tests were undertaken with 16 condiments in 4 groups of patients which included exposed patients, exposed controls, unexposed patients and unexposed controls. as the interpretation of the positive patch test reaction was similar in both the unexposed patients and unexposed controls, these two were combined into one (unexposed groups). positive reactions were obtained in a variable number of individuals in each of these groups but the tests were generally more frequently positive and more s ... | 2017 | 28145344 |
| pharmacological interventions for clozapine-induced hypersalivation. | clozapine is widely used for people with schizophrenia. although agranulocytosis, weight gain, and cardiac problems are serious problems associated with its use, hypersalivation, sometimes of a gross and socially unacceptable quantity, is also common (30-80%). | 2008 | 18646130 |
| do frogs really eat cardamom? understanding the myth of crop damage by amphibians in the western ghats, india. | in the western ghats of india, amphibians are culled at cardamom plantations since they are perceived to consume cardamom. to better understand the relationship between amphibians and cardamom, a study was undertaken at these plantations, which harbor numerous threatened and range-restricted amphibians. we undertook questionnaire surveys with 298 respondents at 148 plantations across southern india. time-activity budget and diet analysis surveys were undertaken to determine whether amphibians re ... | 2017 | 28233252 |
| the effect of elettaria cardamomum extract on anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. | post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is a debilitating psychiatric condition which develops in 6-8% of the general population. current standard pharmacological treatments for ptsd cannot be widely used due to having various side effects. nowadays, various pharmacological properties have been related to elettaria cardamomum l. (family of zingiberaceae). the present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of e. cardamomum methanolic extract on anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of ptsd. adult male ... | 2017 | 28073098 |
| transcriptome profiling of elettaria cardamomum (l.) maton (small cardamom). | elettaria cardamomum (l.) maton, known as 'queen of spices, is a perennial herbaceous monocot of the family zingiberaceae, native to southern india. cardamom is an economically valuable spice crop and used widely in culinary and medicinal purposes. in the present study, using ion proton rna sequencing technology, we performed transcriptome sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly of a wild and five cultivar genotypes of cardamom. rna-seq generated a total of 22,811,983 (92 base) and 24,889, ... | 2017 | 28070488 |
| anti-hypercholesterolemic influence of the spice cardamom (elettaria cardamomum) in experimental rats. | cardamom (elettaria cardamomum) is an aromatic seed spice grown extensively in india and used as a flavoring in sweets. in this study, the anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of cardamom was evaluated in wistar rats by inducing hypercholesterolemia with a high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. dietary interventions were made with (a) cardamom powder (50 g kg(-1) ), (b) cardamom oil (3 g kg(-1) , equivalent to 50 g kg(-1) cardamom) and (c) de-oiled cardamom powder (50 g kg(-1) ). | 2016 | 27888503 |
| ecological niche modeling for conservation planning of an endemic snail in the verge of becoming a pest in cardamom plantations in the western ghats biodiversity hotspot. | conservation managers and policy makers are often confronted with a challenging dilemma of devising suitable strategies to maintain agricultural productivity while conserving endemic species that at the early stages of becoming pests of agricultural crops. identification of environmental factors conducive to species range expansion for forecasting species distribution patterns will play a central role in devising management strategies to minimize the conflict between the agricultural productivit ... | 2016 | 27777725 |
| intraspecific variations in cardamom (elettaria cardamomum maton): assessment of genomic diversity by flow cytometry, cytological studies and issr analysis. | the main goal of the work was to analyse intraspecific variation in elettaria cardamomum maton (cardamom) using genome size, cytological studies and molecular marker data. nuclear dna content and molecular marker details furnish data on genome size and genetic diversity respectively among the studied accessions and both complement each other for evolutionary and taxonomic studies. | 2016 | 27652133 |
| isolation and characterization of genomic microsatellite markers for small cardamom (elettaria cardamomum maton) for utility in genetic diversity analysis. | microsatellite markers in small cardamom (elettaria cardamomum maton) were developed using the selective hybridization enrichment method. a total of 140 microsatellite repeats were identified from 270 clones. primers were designed for 58 microsatellites and 44 primer pairs amplified products of expected size in cardamom. these markers were used for studying the diversity of 20 important small cardamom genotypes, and six markers were found to be polymorphic. the number of alleles ranged from 2 to ... | 2016 | 27436913 |
| chemical composition, anticonvulsant activity, and toxicity of essential oil and methanolic extract of elettaria cardamomum. | elettaria cardamomum is an aromatic spice (cardamom) native to the humid asian areas, which contains some compounds with a potential anticonvulsant activity. various pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects have been related to this plant. this research was conducted to examine the probable protective impact of the essential oil and methanolic extract of e. cardamomum against chemically (pentylentetrazole)- and electrically (maximal ... | 2016 | 27433883 |
| microgomphus alani (odonata, gomphidae) sp. nov. from cambodia. | microgomphus alani sp. nov. is described from two males from the coastal southwestern foothills of the cardamom mts. in southwestern cambodia (type locality: cambodia, koh kong province, 17 km ene of koh kong, 'macromia rivulet', 11°40'17'' n, 103°07'28'' e, 296 m a.s.l., 3 vi 2014, rmnh). the species is characterised by its small size (hindwing 21-23 mm), cerci with outer angulations, truncated apices and crescent-shaped inner arms sprouting from their middle and not reaching their apices, synt ... | 2016 | 27395135 |
| evaluation of knowledge of health care professionals on warfarin interactions with drug and herb medicinal in central saudi arabia. | to evaluate health care professionals' knowledge on warfarin interactions with drugs and herbs. | 2017 | 27022381 |
| quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds from aromatic plants by means of dynamic headspace extraction and multiple headspace extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | seven monoterpenes in 4 aromatic plants (sage, cardamom, lavender, and rosemary) were quantified in liquid extracts and directly in solid samples by means of dynamic headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (dhs-gc-ms) and multiple headspace extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (mhse), respectively. the monoterpenes were 1st extracted by means of supercritical fluid extraction (sfe) and analyzed by an optimized dhs-gc-ms. the optimization of the dynamic extraction step and the d ... | 2016 | 26925555 |
| dissipation kinetics and effect of processing on imidacloprid and its metabolites in cardamom (elettaria cardamomum maton). | dissipation behaviour of the chloronicotinyl insecticide, imidacloprid (tatamida 17.8 % sl), in fresh and cured cardamom capsules was studied following application at doses 20 and 40 g a.i. ha(-1) in a cardamom plantation of indian cardamom hills (ich), idukki, kerala, india. a single-laboratory ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (uplc-ms/ms) method was developed and validated for the estimation of imidacloprid and its six metabolites (5-hydroxy, olefin, guanidine, urea, 6 ... | 2016 | 26694710 |
| the antioxidant and starch hydrolase inhibitory activity of ten spices in an in vitro model of digestion: bioaccessibility of anthocyanins and carotenoids. | the antioxidant and starch hydrolase inhibitory activities of cardamom, cloves, coriander, cumin seeds, curry leaves, fenugreek, mustard seeds, nutmeg, sweet cumin, and star anise extracts were investigated in an in vitro model of digestion mimicking the gastric and duodenal conditions. the total phenolic contents in all spice extracts had statistically significantly (p < 0.05) increased following both gastric and duodenal digestion. this was also in correlation with the antioxidant assays quant ... | 2015 | 26693245 |
| acanthosaura phuketensis (squamata: agamidae), a new long-horned tree agamid from southwestern thailand. | we describe a new lowland forest-dwelling species of the genus acanthosaura from phuket island and the phuket mountain range in southwestern thailand. acanthosaura phuketensis sp. nov., the 11<sup>th</sup> species in the genus, seems most closely related to a. crucigera from myanmar and western thailand and a. cardamomensis from the cardamom mountains, but can be differentiated from them by a combination of morphological and coloration characteristics. this new discovery stresses the importance ... | 2015 | 26624111 |
| protective effects of cardamom in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. | cardamom is a popular spice that has been commonly used in cuisines for flavor since ancient times. it has copious health benefits such as improving digestion, stimulating metabolism, and exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. the current study investigated the effect of cardamom on hemodynamic, biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural changes in isoproterenol (iso)-induced myocardial infarction. wistar male albino rats were randomly divided and treated with extract of car ... | 2015 | 26593900 |
| cardamom bushy dwarf virus infection in large cardamom alters plant selection preference, life stages, and fecundity of aphid vector, micromyzus kalimpongensis (hemiptera: aphididae). | cardamom bushy dwarf virus (cbdv) causes foorkey disease of large cardamom (ammomum subulatum roxburgh) in the eastern sub-himalayan mountains. although the aphid micromyzus kalimpongensis basu (hemiptera: aphididae) is known as a vector of cbdv, its behavior in dissemination of cbdv has not been investigated. in the present study, m. kalimpongensis was observed to colonize in higher number on cbdv-infected large cardamom plants compared with the healthy plants in the several plantations in sikk ... | 2016 | 26518036 |
| green and black cardamom in a diet-induced rat model of metabolic syndrome. | both black (b) and green (g) cardamom are used as flavours during food preparation. this study investigated the responses to b and g in a diet-induced rat model of human metabolic syndrome. male wistar rats were fed either a corn starch-rich diet (c) or a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet with increased simple sugars along with saturated and trans fats (h) for 16 weeks. h rats showed signs of metabolic syndrome leading to visceral obesity with hypertension, glucose intolerance, cardiovascular rem ... | 2015 | 26378573 |
| one-step green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using black cardamom and effect of ph on its synthesis. | in the present article, an effective, one-step, and environmentally benign protocol for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles has been discussed. the black cardamom extract is used as a reducing agent for haucl4.3h2o. in order to synthesize gold nanoparticles, an aqueous solution of haucl4.3h2o was mixed with an optimized concentration of black cardamom extract where 1,8-cineole is the dominant component. choosing black cardamom extract as a reducing agent can be justified under the light of the f ... | 2015 | 26334545 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of seven indian spices against high level gentamicin resistant strains of enterococci. | the aim of the study was to explore the in vitro antibacterial activity of seven ethanolic extracts of spices against high level gentamicin resistant (hlgr) enterococci isolated from human clinical samples. | 2015 | 26322099 |
| comparison of the efficacy of cardamom (elettaria cardamomum) with pioglitazone on dexamethasone-induced hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia in albino rats. | to evaluate the efficacy of cardamom with pioglitazone on dexamethasone-induced hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia in albino rats. there were four groups of 6 rats each. first group received dexamethasone alone in a dose of 8 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 6 days to induce metabolic changes and considered as dexamethasone control. second group received cardamom suspension 1 g/kg/10 ml of 2% gum acacia orally 6 days before dexamethasone and 6 days during dexamethasone administration. ... | 2017 | 26317079 |
| quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis reveals γ-bisabolene inducing p53-mediated apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma via hdac2 inhibition and erk1/2 activation. | γ-bisabolene, one of main components in cardamom, showed potent in vitro and in vivo anti-proliferative activities against human oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc). γ-bisabolene activated caspases-3/9 and decreased mitochondrial memebrane potential, leading to apoptosis of oscc cell lines (ca9-22 and sas), but not normal oral fibroblast cells. phosphoproteome profiling of oscc cells treated with γ-bisabolene was identified using tio2-pdms plate and lc-ms/ms, then confirmed using western blottin ... | 2015 | 26194454 |
| studies on plant growth promoting properties of fruit-associated bacteria from elettaria cardamomum and molecular analysis of acc deaminase gene. | endophytic microorganisms have been reported to have diverse plant growth promoting mechanisms including phosphate solubilization, n2 fixation, production of phyto-hormones and acc (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase and antiphyto-pathogenic properties. among these, acc deaminase production is very important because of its regulatory effect on ethylene which is a stress hormone with precise role in the control of fruit development and ripening. however, distribution of these properties ... | 2015 | 26164855 |
| assessment of hormone-like activities in ginkgo biloba, elettaria cardamomum and plantago ovata extracts using in vitro receptor-specific bioassays. | medicinal plants are widely used for the treatment of diseases and for the development of new drugs. this study was designed to determine the presence of hormone-like activities dependent on the activation of human estrogen receptor alpha (hera) and/or androgen receptor (har) in methanol extracts prepared from three medicinal plants historically and currently used for therapeutic purposes: ginkgo biloba leaves (gbl), elettaria cardamomum seeds (ecs) and plantago ovata seeds (pos). after a solid- ... | 2015 | 26161806 |
| chemopreventive effect of cardamom (elettaria cardamomum l.) against benzo(α)pyrene-induced forestomach papillomagenesis in swiss albino mice. | prevention of cancer through dietary intervention has recently gained significant recognition. cardamom (elettaria cardamomum), a dietary phytoproduct, is a popular spice that is regularly used as a flavoring agent in various cuisines, and is much valued for its medicinal properties. in the present study, the cancer chemopreventive potential of cardamom was investigated against benzo(α)pyrene [b(α)p]-induced forestomach papillomagenesis in mice. results showed that treatment with cardamom [(b(α) ... | 2015 | 26081028 |
| analysis on the alpinia katsumadai components of zingiberaceae plants and their functions on myeloma resistance. | generally speaking, zingiberaceae plants with sweet fragrance are commonly seen as perennial herbs that contains numerous well-known crude drugs and fragrant plants like amomum villosum, amomumtsao-ko, ginger, alpinia katsumadai and radix curcumae, which are widely used in daily life. this paper analyzed chemical components of alpinia katsumadai of zingiberaceae and applied several laminar analysis to further develop its active ingredients, aiming to make sure its function on tumor assistance. a ... | 2015 | 26051719 |
| high-quality rna extraction from small cardamom tissues rich in polysaccharides and polyphenols. | due to the presence of a diverse array of metabolites, no standard method of rna isolation is available for plants. we noted that polysaccharide and polyphenol contents of cardamom tissues critically hinder the rna extraction procedure. hence, we attempted several methods for obtaining intact mrna and small rna from various cardamom tissues. it was found that protocols involving a combination of commercial kits and conventional ctab (cetyl trimethylammonium bromide) methods yielded rna with good ... | 2015 | 26048648 |
| integrated plant nutrient system - with special emphasis on mineral nutriton and biofertilizers for black pepper and cardamom - a review. | integrated plant nutrition system (ipns) as a concept and farm management strategy embraces and transcends from single season crop fertilization efforts to planning and management of plant nutrients in crop rotations and farming systems on a long-term basis for enhanced productivity, profitability and sustainability. it is estimated that about two-thirds of the required increase in crop production in developing countries will have to come from yield increases from lands already under cultivation ... | 2016 | 25834919 |
| cryptic diversity and habitat partitioning in an economically important aphid species complex. | cardamom bushy dwarf virus (cbdv) is an aphid-borne nanovirus which infects large cardamom, amomum subulatum (zingiberaceae family), in the himalayan foothills of northeast india, nepal and bhutan. two aphid species have been reported to transmit cbdv, including pentalonia nigronervosa and micromyzus kalimpongensis (also described as pentalonia kalimpongensis). however, p. nigronervosa was recently split into two species which exhibit different host plant affiliations. whilst p. nigronervosa pri ... | 2015 | 25535945 |
| determination of elements by atomic absorption spectrometry in medicinal plants employed to alleviate common cold symptoms. | eleven important medicinal plants generally used by the people of turkey for the treatment of common cold have been studied for their mineral contents. eleven minor and major elements (essential, non-essential and toxic) were identified in the asplenium adiantum-nigrum l. , althaea officinalis l. , verbascum phlomoides l., euphorbia chamaesyce l., zizyphus jujube miller, peganum harmala l., arum dioscoridis sm., sambucus nigra l., piperlongum l., tussilago farfara l. and elettaria cardamomum mat ... | 2014 | 25532362 |
| exploration for the multi-effect of cardamom in's resistance to multiple myeloma. | this paper aimed to probe the cardamom in effect on the viability, proliferation, apoptosis and periodic function of the multiple myeloma, and explore its mechanism. we used cck-8 method to evaluate the effect of cardamom in on the viability of pbmncs (persom blood mononuclear normal cells). edu can test the influence of small cell proliferation. we used the method of pi single-staining flow cytometry, in order to test the influence of tumor cell cycle. ao (acridine orange), eb (ethidium bromide ... | 2014 | 25410063 |
| stability of cardamom (elettaria cardamomum) essential oil in microcapsules made of whey protein isolate, guar gum, and carrageenan. | the effects of microencapsulating cardamom essential oil (ceo) in whey protein isolate (wpi) alone and combined with guar gum (gg) and carrageen (cg) on microencapsulation efficiency, oil chemical stability, and microcapsule structure were investigated. freeze-dried microcapsules were prepared from emulsions containing (w/w): 15% and 30% wpi; 0.1% gg, and 0.2% cg as wall materials with ceo (at 10% of polymer concentration) as core material, and physical properties and chemical stability were com ... | 2014 | 25224989 |
| the impact of ozone treatment on changes in biologically active substances of cardamom seeds. | the overall objective of this study was to develop a decontamination method against microorganisms in cardamom (elettaria cardamomum (l.) maton) seeds using ozone as a decontaminating agent. ozone treatment was conducted 3 times, at 24-h intervals, and the parameters of the process were determined assuring the least possible losses of biologically active substances (essential oils and polyphenols): ozone concentration 160 to 165.0 g/m(3) ; flow rate 0.1 l/min; pressure 0.5 atm; time 30 min. afte ... | 2014 | 25182178 |
| characterisation of a micro-plasma for ambient mass spectrometry imaging. | results are presented on the characterisation and optimisation of a non-thermal atmospheric pressure micro-plasma ion source used for ambient mass spectrometry imaging. the geometry of the experiment is optimised to produce the most intense and stable ion signals. signal stabilities (relative standard deviation) of 2.3-6.5% are achieved for total ion current measurements from chromatograms. parameters are utilised to achieve ms imaging by raster scanning of ptfe/glass samples with a spatial reso ... | 2014 | 25142127 |
| identifying geographic hot spots of reassortment in a multipartite plant virus. | reassortment between different species or strains plays a key role in the evolution of multipartite plant viruses and can have important epidemiological implications. identifying geographic locations where reassortant lineages are most likely to emerge could be a valuable strategy for informing disease management and surveillance efforts. we developed a predictive framework to identify potential geographic hot spots of reassortment based upon spatially explicit analyses of genome constellation d ... | 2014 | 24944570 |
| a new species of wolf snake (colubridae: lycodon fitzinger, 1826) from phnom samkos wildlife sanctuary, cardamom mountains, southwest cambodia. | a new species of the genus lycodon fitzinger, 1826 is described from the cardamom mountains of southwest cambodia. lycodon zoosvictoriae distinctly differs from all other species of lycodon in southeast asia by a combination of its morphometric characters and unique coloration. the new species has 17 dorsal scales at midbody; 2+2 temporals; 8 supralabials; 10 infralabials; loreal separated from internasal and orbit; 213 ventrals; 85 subcaudals; pale tan brown ground color; irregular dark brown b ... | 2014 | 24943413 |
| simultaneous hplc determination of 22 components of essential oils; method robustness with experimental design. | the aim of the present study was the development and validation of a simple, precise and specific reversed phase hplc method for the simultaneous determination of 22 components present in different essential oils namely cinnamon bark oil, caraway oil and cardamom fruit oil. the chromatographic separation of all the components was achieved on wakosil-ii c18 column with mixture of 30 mm ammonium acetate buffer (ph 4.7), methanol and acetonitrile in different ratio as mobile phase in a ternary line ... | 2014 | 24799735 |
| aflatoxins in various food from istanbul, turkey. | the present work reports the total aflatoxin and aflatoxin b1 levels in 62 food samples from istanbul, turkey. the total aflatoxin content in dried american cucumber, squash, tomato, okra and saffron samples was found to be 1.7 μg/kg. afb1 levels in five dried vegetables (red bell pepper, american cucumber, squash, tomato and okra), two tea (linden and jasmine flower) and three spice samples (cardamom, galangal and saffron) were 1 μg/kg. of the tested samples, 76% exceeded legal limits of total ... | 2013 | 24779934 |
| determination of minor and trace elements in aromatic spices by micro-wave assisted digestion and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. | this study aimed at analyzing the concentrations of 23 minor and trace elements in aromatic spices by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (icp-ms), after wet digestion by microwave system. the analytical method was validated by linearity, detection limits, precision, accuracy and recovery experiments, obtaining satisfactory values in all cases. results indicated the presence of variable amounts of both minor and trace elements in the selected aromatic spices. manganese was high in cinna ... | 2014 | 24731332 |
| histological and ultrastructural studies on the toxic effect of pan masala and its amelioration by elettaria cardamomum. | to investigate the histological and ultrastructural changes observed in pan masala intoxicated mammalian testes under the effect of cardamom. | 2014 | 24702806 |
| four-step synthesis of the antimalarial cardamom peroxide via an oxygen stitching strategy. | a four-step synthesis of the antimalarial terpene cardamom peroxide, a 1,2-dioxepane-containing natural product, is reported from (-)-myrtenal and molecular oxygen. this highly concise route was guided by biosynthetic logic and enabled by an unusual manganese-catalyzed, tandem hydroperoxidation reaction. the absolute configuration of the cardamom peroxide is reported, and its mode of fragmentation following fe(ii)-mediated endoperoxide reduction is established. these studies reveal the generatio ... | 2014 | 24673099 |
| asymmetric patterns of reassortment and concerted evolution in cardamom bushy dwarf virus. | nanoviruses are single-stranded dna (ssdna) plant viruses which have multipartite genomes consisting of discrete, individually encapsidated components. this multipartite strategy may lead to high rates of reassortment, whereby entire genome components are exchanged among different strains. however, few studies have explored the extent to which reassortment shapes the genetic diversity of nanovirus populations. here we present an extensive analysis of reassortment among 163 cardamom bushy dwarf v ... | 2014 | 24613431 |
| identification of seven zingiberaceous species based on comparative anatomy of microscopic characteristics of seeds. | the fruits and seeds of alpinia galanga (l.) willd., alpinia katsumadai hayata, alpinia zerumbet (pers.) burtt. & smith, amomum kravanh pierre ex gagnep., amomum subulatum roxb., amomum tsao-ko crevost et lemaire, and elettaria cardamomum (l.) maton from alpinia, amomum, and elettaria genera in the zingiberaceae family are difficult to distinguish between each other. this study aims to identify the seeds of these seven species from zingiberaceae family based on comparative anatomy of microscopic ... | 2014 | 24607026 |
| new species of oswaldofilaria (nematoda; filarioidea; onchocercidae) and other helminths in acanthosaura cardamomensis (sauria; agamidae) from indochina peninsula. | oswaldofilaria acanthosauri sp. nov. from the body cavity of the cardamom mountain horned agamid, acanthosaura cardamomensis (sauria: agamidae), collected in pursat province, cambodia is described. of the 14 species assigned to oswaldofilaria, o. acanthosauri sp. nov. is most similar to those species with spicular ratio of less than 2, namely, o. brevicaudata and o. chlamydosauri. oswaldofilaria acanthosauri sp. nov. is easily separated from these 2 species in that o. brevicaudata is a south ame ... | 2014 | 26204027 |
| extended shelf life flavoured dairy drink using dissolved carbon dioxide. | cardamom flavoured dairy beverage prepared using standardized method was carbonated in glass bottles. carbonation at 50 psi pressure for 30 s was recommended. the pasteurized flavoured drink, carbonated or otherwise was evaluated for sensory, chemical and microbial quality during its refrigerated storage. the uncarbonated control samples were found to be sensorily acceptable up to 14 days, while the carbonated beverage remained acceptable up to 30 days. carbonation of drink significantly affecte ... | 2014 | 24426058 |
| enantiomeric separation in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with accurate mass analysis. | chiral comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (egc×gc) coupled to quadrupole-accurate mass time-of-flight mass spectrometry (qtofms) was evaluated for its capability to report the chiral composition of several monoterpenes, namely, α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene in cardamom oil. enantiomers in a standard mixture were fully resolved by direct enantiomeric-gc analysis with a 2,3-di-o-methyl-6-t-butylsilyl derivatized β-cyclodextrin phase; however, the (+)-(r)-limonene enantiomer in car ... | 2014 | 24420979 |
| effect of fat and sugar substitution on the quality characteristics of low calorie milk drinks. | the study was undertaken to develop low calorie functional milk drinks using inulin and sucralose as fat and sugar substitutes, respectively. cardamom was incorporated as a flavouring ingredient. the milk fat varied from 0.5 to 1.0%, sugar replacement from 0 to 100%, and inulin incorporation from 0 to 8%. the effect on total solids (ts), total soluble solids (tss), specific gravity, viscosity and sensory scores was studied. sugar replacement considerably decreased ts, tss, viscosity and sensory ... | 2012 | 24293689 |
| isolation and identification of new phytoconstituents from the fruit extract of amomum subulatum roxb. | the fruits of amomum subulatum roxb. (zingiberaceae) (large cardamom), cultivated in the northern himalayas, are used to treat stomach disorders, pulmonary diseases and liver complaints. phytochemical investigation of the fruits led to the isolation of four new chemical compounds characterised as geranil-3(10)-en-9-olyl octadec-9-enoate, geranil-3(10)-en-9-carboxyl-β-d-arabinopyranoside, geranilan-9-carboxy-α-l-arabinopyranoside and stigmast-5-en-3β-ol-3β-d-arabinopyranosyl-2'-(3″-methoxy) benzo ... | 2014 | 24274834 |
| ranging behavior of eastern hoolock gibbon (hoolock leuconedys) in a northern montane forest in gaoligongshan, yunnan, china. | generally, food abundance and distribution exert important influence on primate ranging behavior. hoolock gibbons (genus hoolock) live in lowland and montane forests in india, bangladesh, myanmar and china. all information about hoolock gibbons comes from studies on western hoolock gibbons (hoolock hoolock) living in lowland forest. between august 2010 and september 2011, we studied the ranging behavior of one habituated group of eastern hoolock gibbon (h. leuconedys) living in a seasonal montan ... | 2014 | 24220849 |
| identification of proapoptopic, anti-inflammatory, anti- proliferative, anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic targets of essential oils in cardamom by dual reverse virtual screening and binding pose analysis. | cardamom (elettaria cardamom), also known as "queen of spices", has been traditionally used as a culinary ingredient due to its pleasant aroma and taste. in addition to this role, studies on cardamom have demonstrated cancer chemopreventive potential in in vitro and in vivo systems. nevertheless, the precise poly-pharmacological nature of naturally occurring chemo-preventive compounds in cardamom has still not been fully demystified. | 2013 | 23886174 |
| [water-soluble glucans from true cardamom (elettaria cardamomum white at maton) seeds]. | water-soluble polysaccharides from seeds of true cardamom (elettaria cardamomum white at maton, family zingiberaceae) have been studied. the study has shown the presence of neutral and acidic components in these polysaccharides. three polysaccharides (380, 166, and 27 kda) have been isolated from the neutral fraction. according to the structural analysis data, they represent alpha-glucans with different degrees of branching (7.1-46.1%); alpha-(1-->4)-d-glucopyranose residues of their backbone ch ... | 2013 | 23795480 |
| protective effect of eleteria cardamomum (l.) maton against pan masala induced damage in lung of male swiss mice. | to study the potential ameliorating properties of cardamom elettaria cardamomum (e. cardamomum) l. maton against pan masala induced damage in lung of male swiss mice. | 2013 | 23768823 |
| application of epr spectroscopy to examination of the effect of sterilization process on free radicals in different herbs. | free radicals in the original and sterilized caraway, curry, curcuma and cardamom were studied. an x-band (9.3 ghz) electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy was the experimental technique. effect of microwave power in the range of 2.2-70 mw on amplitudes, linewidths, and lineshape parameters of the epr spectra was tested. free radicals concentrations in the non- and sterilized herb samples were compared. the aim of this work was to determine properties and concentration of free radical ... | 2013 | 23487576 |
| dissipation kinetics and assessment of processing factor for chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin in cardamom. | the dissipation kinetics and method for estimation of residues of chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin in cardamom were studied and developed. the limit of detection and limit of quantitation arrived for the compounds were 0.01 and 0.025 μg g(-1), respectively. gas chromatographic response of chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin residues was linear in the range of 0.01-0.50 μg g(-1) and the mean recovery obtained was 97.3 % for chlorpyrifos and 98.9 % for lambda-cyhalothrin with satisfactory relat ... | 2013 | 23079795 |
| analysis of the essential oil of large cardamom (amomum subulatum roxb.) growing in different agro-climatic zones of himachal pradesh, india. | the aim of the present study was to investigate variations in the chemical composition of the essential oil from seeds of large cardamom grown at different altitudes in himachal pradesh, india. the composition of the essential oil was determined by gas chromatography (gc), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (gc-o). | 2013 | 23023817 |
| cardamom comfort. | | 2012 | 22623945 |
| bifunctional ultrasound assisted extraction and determination of elettaria cardamomum maton essential oil. | a new hyphenated extraction method composed of ultrasound assisted extraction (uae)-optimized ultrasound assisted emulsification microextraction (usaeme) was developed for the extraction and preconcentration of the essential oil of elettaria cardamomum maton. the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and optimization was performed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (gc-fid). ultrasound played two different roles in the extraction of the essen ... | 2012 | 22483097 |
| chemopreventive effects of cardamom (elettaria cardamomum l.) on chemically induced skin carcinogenesis in swiss albino mice. | the chemopreventive potential of cardamom was evaluated on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated and croton oil-promoted mouse skin papillomagenesis. a significant reduction in the values of tumor incidence, tumor burden, and tumor yield and the cumulative number of papillomas was observed in mice treated orally with 0.5 mg of cardamom powder in suspension continuously at pre-, peri-, and post-initiational stages of papillomagenesis compared with the control group. the average weight and diam ... | 2012 | 22404574 |
| aromatherapy as treatment for postoperative nausea: a randomized trial. | postoperative nausea (pon) is a common complication of anesthesia and surgery. antiemetic medication for higher-risk patients may reduce but does not reliably prevent pon. we examined aromatherapy as a treatment for patients experiencing pon after ambulatory surgery. our primary hypothesis was that in comparison with inhaling a placebo, pon will be reduced significantly by aromatherapy with (1) essential oil of ginger, (2) a blend of essential oils of ginger, spearmint, peppermint, and cardamom, ... | 2013 | 22392970 |
| fumigant toxicity and oviposition deterrency of the essential oil from cardamom, elettaria cardamomum, against three stored–product insects. | use of insecticides can have disruptive effects on the environment. replacing the chemical compounds in these insecticides with plant materials, however, can be a safe method with low environmental risk. in the current study, chemical composition and insecticidal activities of the essential oil from cardamom, elettaria cardamomum l. (maton) (zingiberales: zingiberaceae) on the adults of three stored product pests was investigated. results indicated that essential oil of e. cardamomum toxic to th ... | 2011 | 22242564 |
| analysis of cardamonin by square wave voltammetry. | several biochemical studies have already shown that cardamonin has health promoting properties, such is in agreement with typical characteristics of chalcones. although being a very promising compound for the nutraceutical field there is a lack of studies concerning its electroanalytical properties. | 2013 | 22025454 |
| cardamom ingestion as a possible cause of hematuria. | | 2011 | 21660407 |
| development and quality evaluation of aonla mouth freshner. | nutritive and palatable mouth freshners were prepared from dehydrated aonla (emblica officinalis gaertn) pulp of 'desi' and 'banarsi' cultivars by mixing carboxy methyl cellulose, gums, arecanut, cardamom, sugar and milk powder at different proportions as a substitute for pan masala, tobacco and gutka. mouth fresheners developed were packed in high density polyethylene pouches (hdpe, 100 gauge), stored at ambient conditions (8-20 °c, 60%rh) and analysed for physico-chemical and sensory quality a ... | 2010 | 23572710 |
| in vitro evaluation of antibacterial potential of dry fruitextracts of elettaria cardamomum maton (chhoti elaichi). | emergence of resistance among pathogenic bacteria against available antibiotics is posing a great challenge to the current world. thus, there is a great need to discover novel antibiotics. traditional plants have been proved to be novel source in the search of antimicrobial compounds. the current study pertained to the susceptibilities of some clinically significant bacterial species to various crude extracts of elettaria cardamomum maton (chhoti elaichi) dry fruits by agar well diffusion assay. ... | 2010 | 24363739 |
| blood pressure lowering, fibrinolysis enhancing and antioxidant activities of cardamom (elettaria cardamomum). | elettaria cardamomum (l.) maton. (small cardamom) fruit powder was evaluated for its antihypertensive potential and its effect on some of the cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with stage 1 hypertension. twenty, newly diagnosed individuals with primary hypertension of stage 1 were administered 3 g of cardamom powder in two divided doses for 12 weeks. blood pressure was recorded initially and at 4 weeks interval for 3 months. blood samples were also collected initially and at 4 weeks inte ... | 2009 | 20361714 |
| modelling spatial and temporal forest cover change patterns (1973-2020): a case study from south western ghats (india). | this study used time series remote sensing data from 1973, 1990 and 2004 to assess spatial forest cover change patterns in the kalakad-mundanthurai tiger reserve (kmtr), south western ghats (india). analysis of forest cover changes and its causes are the most challenging areas of landscape ecology, especially due to the absence of temporal ground data and comparable space platform based data. comparing remotely sensed data from three different sources with sensors having different spatial and sp ... | 2008 | 27873862 |
| purification of elastase-like chymotrypsin from cardamom shoot and capsule borer [corrected]. | an elastase-like chymotrypsin was purified by aprotinin-agarose affinity chromatography from the midgut extract of cardamom shoot and capsule borer, conogethes punctiferalis. the purified enzyme had a vmax of 687.6 +/- 22.1 nmole pna released/min/mg protein, km of 0.168 +/- 0.012 mm with saaplpna as substrate and gave a single band on sds-page with a molecular mass of 72.1 kda. casein zymogram revealed one clear zone of proteolytic activity, which corresponded to the band obtained with sds-page ... | 2007 | 18072546 |
| dose effects of the food spice cardamom on aspects of hamster gut physiology. | the dose effects of pectic polysaccharide-rich extract from the food spice cardamom (amomum villosum lour.) on intestinal environment were investigated. the results showed that pectic polysaccharides and hemicellulose were the major polysaccharides in the cardamom extract. the administration of cardamom extract (0.5 and 1.5 g/100 g diet) effectively (p < 0.05) shortened hamster gastrointestinal transit time by approximately 58%, increased fecal moisture contents (148-174%), increased scfa concen ... | 2007 | 17440996 |
| policy and practice in myanmar's protected area system. | myanmar's protected area (pa) system began nearly 150 years ago under royal patronage. park policies and practices, embodied in 19 pieces of legislation developed sporadically during and after the colonial period. as a result of the fao-undp's nature conservation and national parks project (1981-1985) the government established the nature & wildlife conservation division and placed it within the forest department as the agency responsible for pa management. as a consequence the number of parks i ... | 2007 | 16979284 |
| midgut proteases of the cardamom shoot and capsule borer conogethes punctiferalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) and their interaction with aprotinin. | protease inhibitors cause mortality in a range of insects, and transgenic plants expressing protease inhibitors have been protected against pest attack, particularly internal feeders that are not amenable to control by conventional means. a study of luminal proteases in conogethes punctiferalis guenée was performed to identify potential targets for proteinaceous biopesticides, such as protease inhibitors. the midgut protease profile of the gut lumen from c. punctiferalis was studied to determine ... | 2006 | 16441909 |
| occurrence of trypsin-like protease in cardamom (elettaria cardamomum maton). | occurrence of trypsin-like protease in fresh cardamom (elettaria cardamomum maton) seeds, as evidenced by the benzoyl-arg-p-nitroanilide (bapna) hydrolyzing ability of the seed enzyme preparation under alkaline condition is reported for the first time. the enzyme has a ph and temperature optima as 8 and 45 degrees c, respectively. it is inhibited by aprotinin and phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride (pmsf) in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the presence of serine residues at the active site. the e ... | 2005 | 23923549 |
| comparative analysis of the oil and supercritical co2 extract of elettaria cardamomum (l.) maton. | the volatile oil of elettaria cardamomum (l.) maton seeds was obtained by supercritical co(2) extraction (sc-co(2)). the effect of the extraction conditions on the yield and composition of the resulting cardamom volatile oil was examined by testing two pressure values, 9.0 and 11.0 mpa; two temperatures, 40 and 50 degrees c; two flow rate values, 0.6 and 1.2 kg/h; and two particles size values, 250-425 and >850 microm. the extraction conditions that gave the highest yield, y (grams of extract pe ... | 2004 | 15453700 |
| evaluation of sedative and anticonvulsant activities of unmadnashak ghrita. | 'unmadnashak ghrita' (ug) is a ayurvedic formulation containing ferula narthex (6 g), gardenia gummifera (6 g), ellataria cardamom (6 g), bacopa monneri (6 g), and cow's ghee (clarified butter fat) (76 g). in the present study, neuropharmacological activities of ug were evaluated for its gross behavioural effect, pentobarbitone sleeping time, spontaneous locomotor activity, antagonism to amphetamine induced hyperlocomotor activity, analgesic activity by tail flick test, rota-rod performance (mot ... | 2004 | 15261966 |
| detecting concentration differences in aromatic oils. | 200 university of wolverhampton undergraduates rank-ordered samples of aromatic oils commonly used in complementary medicine in terms of their concentration in the air above an oil-soaked cotton ball. each participant was assigned the task of discriminating between 5 microl, 10 microl, and 20 microl of oil absorbed onto cotton balls. 25 participants assessed each oil, and 8 oils were used. cardamom, rosemary, and ylang ylang were highly discriminable; however, discrimination of different concent ... | 2002 | 12509173 |
| 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging active compounds from greater cardamom (amomum subulatum roxb.). | constituents of the fruits of greater cardamom (amomum subulatum) were fractionated into three fractions, the dichloromethane extract, and the ethyl acetate-soluble and water-soluble fractions of the 70% aqueous acetone extract. the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed a high radical-scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph). four compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction, and their structures were ascribed to protocatechualdehyde (1), protocatechuic ... | 2001 | 11508709 |
| soil, water and nutrient conservation in mountain farming systems: case-study from the sikkim himalaya. | the khanikhola watershed in sikkim is agrarian with about 50% area under rain-fed agriculture representing the conditions of the middle mountains all over the himalaya. the study was conducted to assess overland flow, soil loss and subsequent nutrient losses from different land uses in the watershed, and identify biotechnological inputs for management of mountain farming systems. overland flow, soil and nutrient losses were very high from open agricultural (cropped) fields compared to other land ... | 2001 | 11381770 |
| aflatoxins in spices marketed in portugal. | seventy-nine prepackaged samples of 12 different types of spice powders (five cardamom, five cayenne pepper, eight chilli, five cloves, seven cumin, five curry) powder, five ginger, five mustard, 10 nutmeg, 12 paprika, five saffron and seven white pepper) were selected from supermarkets and ethnic shops in lisbon (portugal) for estimation of aflatoxins by immunoaffinity column clean-up followed by hplc. aflatoxin b1 (afb1) was detected in 34 samples of prepackaged spices (43.0%). all of the caye ... | 2001 | 11339266 |
| passive and iontophoretic delivery of three diclofenac salts across various skin types. | the in vitro permeation of three diclofenac salts--diclofenac sodium (dfs), diclofenac potassium (dfp) and diclofenac diethylammonium (dfd)-across skin by both passive and iontophoretic transport were investigated. various skin types were used as the barriers to elucidate the mechanism controlling transdermal delivery of diclofenac salts. the importance of the intercellular (paracellular) route for both dfs and dfp in passive permeation was elucidated. the transfollicular route constitutes an im ... | 2000 | 11085366 |
| will rising atmospheric co2 affect leaf litter quality and in situ decomposition rates in native plant communities? | though field data for naturally senesced leaf litter are rare, it is commonly assumed that rising atmospheric co2 concentrations will reduce leaf litter quality and decomposition rates in terrestrial ecosystems and that this will lead to decreased rates of nutrient cycling and increased carbon sequestration in native ecosystems. we generally found that the quality of␣naturally senesced leaf litter (i.e. concentrations of c, n and lignin; c:n, lignin:n) of a variety of native plant species produc ... | 1997 | 28307228 |
| soil and biomass carbon pools in model communities of tropical plants under elevated co2. | the experimental data presented here relate to the question of whether terrestrial ecosystems will sequester more c in their soils, litter and biomass as atmospheric co2 concentrations rise. similar to our previous study with relatively fertile growth conditions (körner and arnone 1992), we constructed four rather nutrient-limited model communities of moist tropical plant species in greenhouses (approximately 7 m(2) each). plant communities were composed of seven species (77 individuals per comm ... | 1995 | 28306914 |
| modulatory effects of essential oils from spices on the formation of dna adduct by aflatoxin b1 in vitro. | essential oils from common spices such as nutmeg, ginger, cardamom, celery, xanthoxylum, black pepper, cumin, and coriander were tested for their ability to suppress the formation of dna adducts by aflatoxin b1 in vitro in a microsomal enzyme-mediated reaction. all oils were found to inhibit adduct formation very significantly and in a dose-dependent manner. the adduct formation appeared to be modulated through the action on microsomal enzymes, because an effective inhibition on the formation of ... | 1994 | 8058527 |
| microbiological screening method for indication of irradiation of spices and herbs: a bcr collaborative study. | a bcr1 collaborative study was conducted with a microbiological screening method based on the combined use of the direct epifluorescent filter technique (deft) and the conventional aerobic plate count method (apc) for detection of irradiation of spices and herbs. collaborative samples of whole allspice, whole and powdered black peppers, whole white pepper, paprika powder, cut basil, cut marjoram, and crushed cardamom irradiated with doses of 0, 5, and 10 kgy were analyzed by 8 laboratories. the ... | 2008 | 8318863 |
| collaborative study of a modified method for the extraction of light filth from ground white pepper, cardamon, celery seed, coriander, and ginger. | an improved method has been developed for the extraction of light filth from 5 ground spices, ginger, white pepper, coriander, celery seed, and cardamom. the method, a modification of 44.120, utilizes a cold isopropanol defatting, followed by wet sieving and flotation of light filth from 40% isopropanol with hcl and mineral oil-heptane (85 + 15). collaborative results show that the proposed method is more rapid to perform than the present official first action methods, 44.116 and 44.120, and yie ... | 1977 | 833084 |
| allergic contact dermatitis from cardamom. | a case is presented of a confectioner with a chronic hand dermatitis and positive patch test reactions to cardamom and certain terpenoid compounds present in the dried ripe seeds of cardamom. cardamom is a popular traditional flavouring agent for baked goods and confectionery. dermatitis from skin exposure to cardamom has to the best of our knowledge not been reported. we report one case of allergic contact dermatitis to cardamom elicited by terpenes present in the seeds. | 1975 | 138507 |
| [gas chromatographic investigation of cardamom types]. | | 1966 | 5915790 |
| [number of stonecells per sq. mm. of the sclerenchymatous layer of elettaria cardamomum. an analysis of the results of the measurement of the complex by quantitative microscopy]. | | 1966 | 5915788 |
| essential oils and their constituents. 28. examination of oil of cardamom by gas chromatography. | | 1965 | 5847014 |