| production of alternariol and alternariol methyl ether by alternaria alternata grown on fruits at various temperatures. | two toxigenic strains of the fungus alternaria alternata (atcc 56836 and atcc 66868) were grown on surface-disinfected, fresh, ripe fruits and tested for the production of alternariol (aoh) and alternariol methyl ether (ame). examined fruits included strawberries; red and green seedless grapes; concord grapes; red delicious, golden delicious, and gala apples; and blueberries. after inoculation, fruits were incubated at 4, 10 degrees c, or room temperature (approximately 21 degrees c) for up to 3 ... | 2001 | 11307891 |
| mutagen content of table wines made from various grape species and hybrid cultivars. | the mutagen content of wines produced from the european vitis vinifera grapes was compared with that of wines produced from hybrids of v. vinifera and species indigenous to north america. mutagens were extracted on an xad-2 amberlite resin column and activated with s-9 and/or faecalase in the salmonella/microsomal mutagen assay. all white wines had insignificant mutagen levels. the only red wine to produce statistically significant reversion frequencies was that made from the concord grape. the ... | 1984 | 6373529 |
| potential use of secondary products of the agri-food industry for topical formulations and comparative analysis of antioxidant activity of grape leaf polyphenols. | the aim of the present study was to develop a phytocosmetic using vitis waste by-products, for use as a topical formulation for skin protection against ultraviolet radiation damage. the study also evaluates the free radical scavenger activity of the crude extracts of dried leaves of vitis vinifera and vitis labrusca, as well as the anthocyanins, flavonoid fraction and isolated compounds. next, release and permeation studies of hydrogels were performed using franz-type diffusion cells. flavonoid ... | 2018 | 28403634 |
| cognitive and mood improvements following acute supplementation with purple grape juice in healthy young adults. | berry-derived phenolic compounds found in grapes have been associated with a number of health benefits, including the augmentation of human brain function and cognition. previous intervention studies of concord grape juice have demonstrated improvement to memory and driving ability following 3- to 4-month supplementation in middle-aged and older adults. however, no studies to date have demonstrated acute cognitive benefits of grape juice, and investigation of these effects in young adults is lac ... | 2017 | 28429081 |
| optimization of an organic yogurt based on sensorial, nutritional, and functional perspectives. | the effects of purple grape juice (pgj), grape skin flour (gsf), and oligofructose (oli) on proximate composition, total phenolic content (tpc), antioxidant activity (aa), sensory, physicochemical, and textural properties of yogurts were analyzed using response surface methodology. multiple regression models were proposed and results showed that pgj increased the viscosity, aa, and tpc, while gsf increased the ash and total fiber contents of yogurts. gsf and oli increased the hardness and consis ... | 2017 | 28530591 |
| influence of diabetes on plasma pharmacokinetics and brain bioavailability of grape polyphenols and their phase ii metabolites in the zucker diabetic fatty rat. | the effect of diabetes on the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and brain distribution of grape polyphenols and select metabolites was studied in the zucker diabetic fatty (zdf) rat model. | 2017 | 28568316 |
| influence of processing and storage of integral grape juice (vitis labrusca l.) on its physical and chemical characteristics, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity in vitro. | integral grape juice is extracted from the grape through processes that allow the retention of their natural composition. however, due to the severity of some processes, fruit juices can undergo changes in their quality. the present study evaluated the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of integral grape juice by a cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay in rattus norvegicus hepatoma cells (htc) in vitro. vitis labrusca l. (variety concord) were produced organically and by a conventional system, and ... | 2017 | 28613380 |
| system-level and granger network analysis of integrated proteomic and metabolomic dynamics identifies key points of grape berry development at the interface of primary and secondary metabolism. | grapevine is a fruit crop with worldwide economic importance. the grape berry undergoes complex biochemical changes from fruit set until ripening. this ripening process and production processes define the wine quality. thus, a thorough understanding of berry ripening is crucial for the prediction of wine quality. for a systemic analysis of grape berry development we applied mass spectrometry based platforms to analyse the metabolome and proteome of early campbell at 12 stages covering major deve ... | 2017 | 28713396 |
| pheromone-based monitoring of pseudococcus maritimus (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) populations in concord grape vineyards. | the grape mealybug, pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn), is the dominant mealybug in washington's concord grape vineyards (vitis labrusca l.). it is a direct pest of fruit clusters and a vector of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses. using traps baited with the sex pheromone of ps. maritimus, we determined the optimal trap density for monitoring ps. maritimus, with the goal of providing a more rapid monitoring method for ps. maritimus than visual surveys. varying densities of pheromone-baited tra ... | 2013 | 23448065 |
| a novel attractant for anastrepha ludens (diptera: tephritidae) from a concord grape product. | an attractant for mexican fruit fly, anastrepha ludens (loew) (diptera: tephritidae), was developed from a commercial product called sabor uva containing processed concord grape juice. the principal volatile components of sabor uva aroma were identified and an aqueous mixture of 15 components that was gas chromatographically similar to sabor uva was prepared. this mixture was equivalent to sabor uva in attractiveness by using wind-tunnel bioassays. after deleting chemicals that did not contribut ... | 2011 | 21882683 |
| rapid determination of flavonoids and phenolic acids in grape juices and wines by rp-hplc/dad: method validation and characterization of commercial products of the new brazilian varieties of grape. | a method for rapid determination of phenolic compounds by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc), using a new column of faster resolution was validated and used to characterize commercial products produced with new grape brazilian varieties of northeast of brazil. the in vitro antioxidant activity was also measured. the method showed linearity (r>0.9995), good precision (cv%<2.78), recovery (91.8-105.1%) and limits of detection (0.04-0.85mgl-1) and quantification (0.04-1 ... | 2017 | 28317702 |
| effects of matrix composition on detection threshold estimates for methyl anthranilate and 2-aminoacetophenone. | conceptually, a detection threshold represents the lowest concentration at which an individual or a group of individuals can reliably perceive a given stimulus, with a commonly used operational definition of 50% performance above chance. estimated detection thresholds (dts), however, are often reported in the literature with little attention given to the matrix in which the stimuli were evaluated. here, we highlight the influence of matrix effects on dts for two odor-active compounds commonly fo ... | 2016 | 28231131 |
| method validation for determination of metals in vitis labrusca l. grapevine leaf extracts by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms). | vitis labrusca l. is the main species used for wine and juice production in brazil. the grapevine leaves can be used both as functional foods and as cheapest sources for the extraction of phenolic compounds. besides the antioxidant activity, grapevine leaves exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity. therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate an analytical methodology to determine the metals selenium (96se), chromium (53cr), nickel (62ni), cadmium (111cd) and lead (206pb ... | 2018 | 27991961 |
| phytochemicals, monosaccharides and elemental composition of the non-pomace constituent of organic and conventional grape juices (vitis labrusca l.): effect of drying on the bioactive content. | grape and grape derivatives contain a variety of antioxidants that have gain increasing interest for functional foods applications. the chemical composition of grapes is mainly related to grape variety and cultivation factors, and each grape constituent exhib its unique characteristics regarding its bioactive properties. this study investigated the chemical composition and the effect of drying on the bioactive content of the non-pomace constituent obtained in the processing of organic and conven ... | 2016 | 27738868 |
| nutrient profiles of the hybrid grape cultivar 'isabel' during berry maturation and ripening. | the hybrid grape cultivar 'isabel' (vitis labrusca × v. vinifera) is widely grown in the black sea region of turkey and constitutes an important part of the diet of its inhabitants. phenological and ampelographic studies of the grape have previously been performed, but there are no data concerning nutrient composition. its nutrient content needs to be investigated to ascertain its potential economic and nutritional uses in the region. | 2017 | 27696425 |
| antimutagenic and antioxidant properties of the aqueous extracts of organic and conventional grapevine vitis labrusca cv. isabella leaves in v79 cells. | grapes are one of the most commonly consumed fruit, in both fresh and processed forms; however, a significant amount is disposed of in the environment. searching for a use of this waste, the antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts from organic and conventional vitis labrusca leaves were determined using v79 cells as model. the antigenotoxic activity was analyzed by the alkaline comet assay using endonuclease iii and formamidopyrimidine dna glycosylase enzymes ... | 2016 | 27587288 |
| effects of a warming trend on cool climate viticulture in michigan, usa. | historically, michigan's climate had mainly three challenges for grape production: growing season temperatures were too low, the growing season was too short and there was too much rain near harvest. however, climate change in the past decades has led to a vastly different landscape that is evolving to meet the new climate. recently, there has been a significant move from vitis labrusca (north american) grape plantings to vitis vinifera (wine grapes) as a consequence of michigan's shifting clima ... | 2016 | 27478736 |
| acute consumption of organic and conventional tropical grape juices (vitis labrusca l.) increases antioxidants in plasma and erythrocytes, but not glucose and uric acid levels, in healthy individuals. | bioactive polyphenols in grapes are influenced by grape variety and cultivation conditions. the vitis labrusca l. varieties are cultivated in tropical regions and used for grape juice production. we hypothesized that polyphenols from tropical grape juices would beneficially affect redox homeostasis in humans. therefore, the effects of acute consumption of organic and conventional grape juices from v labrusca l. on antioxidants biomarkers were investigated in healthy individuals. in a controlled, ... | 2016 | 27440535 |
| the impact of dietary flavonoid supplementation on smoking-induced inflammatory process and fibrinolytic impairment. | smoking is associated with increased inflammatory process and impairment of fibrinolytic status. concord grape juice (cgj), a rich source of flavonoids, can modify cardiovascular risk factors. we aimed to evaluate the impact of cgj on smoking-induced impairment of inflammatory and fibrinolytic status in healthy smokers. | 2016 | 27428294 |
| phenology, reproductive biology and growing degree days of the grapevine 'isabel' (vitis labrusca, vitaceae) cultivated in northeastern brazil. | phenology and reproductive biology of cultivated species are important for the comprehension of the requirements for fruit and seed production and the management of pollinators. this study aimed to characterise the phenology, reproductive biology and growing degree days of the grapevine 'isabel' (vitis labrusca) in northeastern brazil during january 2011 (p1), augst 2011 (p2), april 2012 (p3) and august 2012 (p4). we recorded the duration (days) of the phenological stages, pruning (p), woolly bu ... | 2017 | 27191458 |
| methodical evaluation and improvement of matrix compatible pdms-overcoated coating for direct immersion solid phase microextraction gas chromatography (di-spme-gc)-based applications. | the main quest for the implementation of direct spme to complex matrices has been the development of matrix compatible coatings that provide sufficient sensitivity towards the target analytes. in this context, we present here a thorough evaluation of pdms-overcoated fibers suitable for simultaneous extraction of different polarities analytes, while maintaining adequate matrix compatibility. for this, eleven analytes were selected, from various application classes (pesticides, industrial chemical ... | 2016 | 27114223 |
| evaluation of antioxidant activity of grapevine leaves extracts (vitis labrusca) in liver of wistar rats. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotection of organic and conventional grapevine leaves extract (vitis labrusca). the total polyphenol content and the isolate polyphenols by hplc were evaluate. the animals received intraperitoneal injections of saline or extracts (conventional or organic - 30 mg/kg) for 14 days. on day 15, the rats received carbon tetrachloride (ccl4) or mineral oil (i.p.). after 4h, the animals were euthanized. the analysis of the liver enzymes activity (ast, al ... | 2016 | 26959325 |
| effect of chronic treatment with conventional and organic purple grape juices (vitis labrusca) on rats fed with high-fat diet. | serra gaucha is described as the most important wine region of brazil. regarding cultivars widespread in the serra gaucha, about 90 % of the area is occupied by vines of vitis labrusca that is the most important specie used in grape juice production. the objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of chronic intake of purple grape juice (organic and conventional) from bordo variety (v. labrusca) on oxidative stress in different brain regions of rats supp ... | 2013 | 23989908 |
| yield-based economic thresholds for grape berry moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in juice grapes. | a 3-yr field study was conducted at commercial juice grape (vitis labrusca l.) vineyards to develop an economic injury level (eil) for grape berry moth, paralobesia viteana (clemens) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) and to determine patterns of cluster injury. infestation of grape clusters by p. viteana was measured biweekly from bloom until harvest, and fruit was sampled immediately before harvest to determine the yield and level of fruit injury by this pest. comparison of fruit infestation at each s ... | 2013 | 23786081 |
| concord grape juice reverses the age-related impairment in latent learning in rats. | two experiments were conducted to determine if dietary supplementation with concord grape juice could reverse the latent learning impairment normally observed in middle-aged male rats. | 2014 | 23541291 |
| suppression of oncoprotein her-2 and dna damage after treatment with flavan-3- ol vitis labrusca extract. | hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer are the most prevalent cancers in the world with high morbidity and mortality. although there are effective drugs for treating advanced stages of liver and breast cancers, the prognosis for patients with liver cancer remains poor, and patients with breast cancer show considerable mortality. therefore, it is crucial to explore new therapeutic agents for the inhibition of carcinogenesis. this study examined the anti-carcinogenic effect of vitis labrusca s ... | 2013 | 23343084 |
| a comparison of total antioxidant capacities of concord, purple, red, and green grapes using the cuprac assay. | considering how popular grapes are in terms of their antioxidant benefits, we compared concord, purple, red, and green grapes for total antioxidant capacity (tac) and carbohydrate concentration. all grapes were acquired from commercial sources and samples of each were separated into skinned and not skinned groups. each whole grape and the skins were individually homogenized and then separated into pulp and supernatant fractions. each fraction was analyzed for total tac and carbohydrates. the con ... | 2013 | 26784463 |
| flavan-3-ol compounds prevent pentylenetetrazol-induced oxidative damage in rats without producing mutations and genotoxicity. | seizure disorder is a chronic condition in the brain that affects approximately 50 million people worldwide. oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of this disorder and can cause neuronal injury. approximately one in three treated patients suffers from seizures regardless of pharmacological intervention, which results in oxidative damage. the present study aims to investigate the possible protective effect of antioxidant-rich vitis labrusca extract on pentylenetetrazol-indu ... | 2013 | 23262085 |
| supercritical fluid extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidants from grape (vitis labrusca b.) seeds. | supercritical fluid extraction (sfe) technique was applied and optimized for temperature, co₂ pressure and ethanol (modifier) concentration using orthogonal array design and response surface methodology for the extract yield, total phenols and antioxidants from grape (vitis labrusca b.) seeds. effects of extraction temperature and pressure were found to be significant for all these response variables in sfe process. optimum sfe conditions (44 ~ 46 °c temperature and 153 ~ 161 bar co₂ pressure) a ... | 2012 | 22992888 |
| colonic catabolism of dietary phenolic and polyphenolic compounds from concord grape juice. | after acute ingestion of 350 ml of concord grape juice, containing 528 μmol of (poly)phenolic compounds, by healthy volunteers, a wide array of phase i and ii metabolites were detected in the circulation and excreted in urine. ingestion of the juice by ileostomists resulted in 40% of compounds being recovered intact in ileal effluent. the current study investigated the fate of these undigested (poly)phenolic compounds on reaching the colon. this was achieved through incubation of the juice using ... | 2013 | 22961385 |
| a prospective randomized double-blind trial of grape juice antioxidants in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. | many patients take alternative medications for their lower urinary tract symptoms (luts) either in addition or as a substitute for traditional therapies, despite a lack of clinical data. grapes products are hypothesized to improve bladder function due to their antioxidant and membrane-protective actions. there is increasing evidence that progression of obstructed bladder dysfunction is related to bladder ischemia, reperfusion injury and free radical damage. we prospectively studied a standardize ... | 2013 | 22907790 |
| anti-atherogenic effects of a phenol-rich fraction from brazilian red wine (vitis labrusca l.) in hypercholesterolemic low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. | moderate wine intake (i.e., 1-2 glasses of wine a day) is associated with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effects of a nonalcoholic ethyl acetate fraction (eaf) from a south brazilian red wine obtained from vitis labrusca grapes. experiments were carried out on low-density lipoprotein (ldl) receptor knockout (ldlr⁻/⁻) mice, which were subjected to a hypercholesterolemic diet and treated with dos ... | 2012 | 22856453 |
| metabolite profiling of jaboticaba (myrciaria cauliflora) and other dark-colored fruit juices. | many dark-colored fruit juices, rich in anthocyanins, are thought to be important for human health. joboticaba (myrciaria cauliflora) fruits, native to brazil, have phenolics including anthocyanins and are processed into juice and other products. the phenolic constituents in the fruits of jaboticaba were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. twenty-two compounds were identified or tentatively determined by detaile ... | 2012 | 22809264 |
| comparison of a retrotransposon-based marker with microsatellite markers for discriminating accessions of vitis vinifera. | identification and knowledge concerning genetic diversity are fundamental for efficient management and use of grapevine germplasm. recently, new types of molecular markers have been developed, such as retrotransposon-based markers. because of their multilocus pattern, retrotransposon-based markers might be able to differentiate grapevine accessions with just one pair of primers. in order to evaluate the efficiency of this type of marker, we compared retrotransposon marker tvv1 with seven microsa ... | 2012 | 22653601 |
| supercritical extraction from vinification residues: fatty acids, α-tocopherol, and phenolic compounds in the oil seeds from different varieties of grape. | supercritical fluid extraction has been widely employed in the extraction of high purity substances. in this study, we used the technology to obtain oil from seeds from a variety of grapes, from vinification residues generated in the southern region of the state of rio grande do sul, brazil. this work encompasses three varieties of vitis vinifera (moscato giallo, merlot, and cabernet sauvignon) and two of vitis labrusca (bordô e isabel), harvested in 2005 and 2006. we obtained the highest oil co ... | 2012 | 22593706 |
| concord grape juice supplementation and neurocognitive function in human aging. | polyphenol compounds found in berry fruits, in particular flavonoids, have been associated with health benefits including improvement in cognition and neuronal function with aging. concord grape juice contains polyphenols, including anthocyanins and flavanols, and previous research has shown improvement in a number of human health conditions with grape juice supplementation. in the current study, older adult subjects with mild cognitive impairment consumed concord grape juice or placebo for 16 w ... | 2012 | 22468945 |
| biochemical analysis and in vivo hypoglycemic activity of a grape polyphenol-soybean flour complex. | defatted soybean flour (dsf) can efficiently sorb, concentrate, and stabilize polyphenols, but not sugars, from concord grape juice, to yield grape polyphenol-enriched dsf. sorption of grape polyphenols to dsf particles was dependent on the ratio of dsf and grape juice concentrate used, but not time of mixing or ph. depending on ratios of starting materials, 1 g of grape polyphenol-enriched dsf contained 1.6-10.4 mg of anthocyanins, 7.5-93.1 mg of proanthocyanidins, and 20.5-144.5 mg of total po ... | 2012 | 22462390 |
| assessment of the validity of maturity metrics for predicting the volatile composition of concord grape juice. | total soluble solids (tss) are typically used as the sole metric for maturity of concord grapes. however, the reliability of tss in predicting the aroma composition of finished juice for grapes sourced from multiple sites has not been investigated. this study sought to determine the validity of tss in predicting the aroma composition of the juice while also investigating other potentially useful indicators, including ph, titratable acidity (ta), and tss:ta ratio. grapes were harvested from 9 sit ... | 2012 | 22384957 |
| gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability of (poly)phenolic compounds following ingestion of concord grape juice by humans. | the in vitro gastrointestinal stability of (poly)phenolic compounds in concord grape juice was compared with recoveries in ileal fluid after the ingestion of the juice by ileostomists. recoveries in ileal fluid indicated that 67% of hydroxycinnamate tartarate esters, and smaller percentages of the intake of other (poly)phenolic compounds, pass from the small intestine to the colon. the juice was also ingested by healthy subjects with an intact functioning colon. peak plasma concentrations (c(max ... | 2012 | 22331633 |
| molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of the udp-glucose: flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferase from concord grape (vitis labrusca). | glucosylation of anthocyanidin substrates at the 3-o-position is crucial for the red pigmentation of grape berries and wine. the gene that encodes the enzyme involved in this reaction has been cloned from vitis labrusca cv. concord, heterologously expressed, and the recombinant enzyme (rvl3gt) was characterized. vl3gt has 96% amino acid sequence identity with vitis vinifera vv3gt and groups phylogenetically with several other flavonoid 3-o-glycosyltransferases. in vitro substrate specificity stu ... | 2012 | 22098678 |
| rainfastness and residual activity of insecticides to control japanese beetle (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) in grapes. | field-based bioassays and residue profile analysis were used to determine the relative toxicity, rainfastness, and field degradation over time of five insecticides from five insecticide classes on adult japanese beetles, popillia japonica newman (coleoptera: scarabaeidae), in grapes, vitis labrusca l. bioassays assessed japanese beetle condition as alive, knockdown, or immobile when exposed for 24 h or 7-d field-aged residues of phosmet, carbaryl, bifenthrin, thiamethoxam, or indoxacarb after 0, ... | 2011 | 22066196 |
| characterization of red wines from south america based on sensory properties and antioxidant activity. | it is widely accepted that red wines constitute one of the most important sources of dietary polyphenolic antioxidants. however, it is still not known how some variables such as variety, vintage, country of origin, and retail price are associated with the antioxidant activity and sensory profile of south american red wines. in this regard, 80 samples produced in brazil, chile and argentina were assessed in relation to their sensory properties, color and in vitro antioxidant activity, and results ... | 2012 | 21969030 |
| fatty acid composition, oxidative stability, antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of selected cold-pressed grape seed oils and flours. | cold-pressed chardonnay, muscadine, ruby red, and concord grape seed oils and their defatted flours were studied for their fatty acid composition, oxidative stability and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. the phenolic profiles of the seed flours were also measured. the most abundant fatty acid in the oils was linoleic acid, ranging from 66.0g/100g of total fatty acids in ruby red seed oil to 75.3g/100g of total fatty acids in concord seed oil. the oils were also high in oleic acid an ... | 2011 | 25212146 |
| comparison of odor-active compounds in grapes and wines from vitis vinifera and non-foxy american grape species. | native american grape (vitis) species have many desirable properties for winegrape breeding, but hybrids of these non-vinifera wild grapes with vitis vinifera often have undesirable aromas. other than the foxy-smelling compounds in vitis labrusca and vitis rotundifolia , the aromas inherent to american vitis species are not well characterized. in this paper, the key odorants in wine produced from the american grape species vitis riparia and vitis cinerea were characterized in comparison to wine ... | 2011 | 21879766 |
| modulation of the root-sourced aba signal along its way to the shoot in vitis riparia x vitis labrusca under water deficit. | the intensity of the root-sourced abscisic acid (aba) signal has long been thought to decrease along its long-distance transport pathway, and hence the shoot responses to the aba signal would be expected to become less sensitive with the increase in plant height. it is reported here that there is a significant modification of the aba signal intensity in its pathway to leaves in grapevine (vitis riparia×vitis labrusca), but in contrast to the expectation that the aba signal intensity may decrease ... | 2011 | 21131549 |
| effects of concentration prior to cold-stabilization on anthocyanin stability in concord grape juice. | the color of concord grape juice produced by concentration before cold-stabilization and detartration (direct-to-concentrate, dtc) was compared to juice produced via cold-stabilization prior to concentration (standard concentrate, sc) and evaluated by several metrics. using the boulton copigmentation assay, the majority of the absorbance at 520 nm in bottled sc juice (72%) was due to monomeric anthocyanins. following reconstitution, dtc juice had a 63% greater absorbance at 520 nm than sc juice. ... | 2010 | 20929230 |
| effects of concord grape juice on ambulatory blood pressure in prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension. | consumption of flavonoid-containing foods may be useful for the management of hypertension. | 2010 | 20844075 |
| comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography separation of red wine anthocyanins on a mixed-mode ion-exchange reversed-phase and on a reversed-phase column. | anthocyanins, which confer the characteristic color to red wine, can be used as markers to classify wines according to the grape variety. it is a complex separation that requires very high chromatographic efficiency, especially in the case of aged red wines, due to the formation of pyranoanthocyanins. a coelution between these kinds of compounds can affect the r(ac/coum) ratio of aged wines, and might lead to false results when classifying the wine variety. in 2007, the use of a novel mixed-mode ... | 2010 | 20688332 |
| impact of harvesting and processing conditions on green leaf volatile development and phenolics in concord grape juice. | the disruption of plant cell walls during fruit juice processing results in the enzymatic formation of herbaceous-smelling green leaf volatiles (glvs). our objective was to assess the impact of thermal processing conditions on resulting levels of glvs (hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, hexanol, cis-3-hexenol, and trans-2-hexenol), total phenols, monomeric anthocyanins, and percent polymeric color in concord grape juice. the effects of fruit maturity and stage of juice processing on juice glv content was ... | 2010 | 20492283 |
| impact of multicolored asian lady beetles on the sensory properties of concord and niagara grape juice. | the presence of multicolored asian lady beetles (malb) in grape juice is increasingly problematic. the overall objective of this study was to determine the specific sensory impacts of malb on concord and niagara grape juice. the aroma threshold for malb-taint in both juices was determined and expressed as the best estimate threshold (bet). the aroma bet for malb-taint in concord grape juice was 1.8 and 0.65 malb/l niagara grape juice. the specific sensory attributes of the grape juices influence ... | 2017 | 20492204 |
| effects of concord grape juice on appetite, diet, body weight, lipid profile, and antioxidant status of adults. | concord grape juice (cgj) is a rich source of phenolic antioxidants, with a range of putative health benefits. however, high beverage energy and fructose intake may lead to weight gain and insulin resistance, respectively. this study assessed the effects of cgj consumption for 12 weeks on appetite, diet, body weight, lipid profile, and antioxidant status. | 2009 | 20439553 |
| effect of concord grape juice on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: results of a pilot study. | to determine the feasibility of administering a flavonoid-rich adjunctive treatment (concord grape juice) for the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (cinv); to evaluate the usefulness of existing measures for assessing cinv frequency and severity, quality of life, control over life events, and psychological state; to identify any actual or potential adverse events associated with frequent grape juice intake; and to provide preliminary data concerning the effect of concord gra ... | 2010 | 20189927 |
| concord grape juice supplementation improves memory function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. | concord grape juice contains polyphenol compounds, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and influence neuronal signalling. concord grape juice supplementation has been shown to reduce inflammation, blood pressure and vascular pathology in individuals with cvd, and consumption of such flavonoid-containing foods is associated with a reduced risk for dementia. in addition, preliminary animal data have indicated improvement in memory and motor function with grape juice supplementa ... | 2010 | 20028599 |
| subcritical solvent extraction of procyanidins from dried red grape pomace. | procyanidins in dried sunbelt ( vitis labrusca l.) red grape pomace were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction (ase) with pressure (6.8 mpa), one extraction cycle, and temperature (40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 degrees c). six ethanol/water solvents (0, 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90%, v/v) were compared to conventional extraction with acetone/water/acetic acid (70:29.5:0.5, v/v/v). procyanidins in the extracts were identified by hplc-esi-ms/ms and contained degrees of polymerization (dp) of 1- ... | 2010 | 20020688 |
| grape consumption supports immunity in animals and humans. | all nutrients play a role in maintaining the immune system and providing substrate for the response. gammadelta t cells, on the other hand, seem to have a unique response to certain dietary bioactive components found in the plant family. although the identification of those components is not well known yet, members of the proanthocyanidin family and the anthocyanin family of compounds are candidates. because grapes and grape products contain both of these types of compounds, i hypothesized that ... | 2009 | 19640969 |
| grape juice, berries, and walnuts affect brain aging and behavior. | numerous studies have indicated that individuals consuming a diet containing high amounts of fruits and vegetables exhibit fewer age-related diseases such as alzheimer's disease. research from our laboratory has suggested that dietary supplementation with fruit or vegetable extracts high in antioxidants (e.g. blueberries, strawberries, walnuts, and concord grape juice) can decrease the enhanced vulnerability to oxidative stress that occurs in aging and these reductions are expressed as improveme ... | 2009 | 19640963 |
| mating disruption of paralobesia viteana in vineyards using pheromone deployed in splat-gbm wax droplets. | a paraffin wax formulation releasing pheromone for mating disruption of insects was tested during 2005 and 2006 in vitis labrusca vineyards infested by grape berry moth, paralobesia viteana (lepidoptera: tortricidae). in early may of each year, 1-ml droplets of splat-gbm wax containing 3% sex pheromone of p. viteana were applied to every wooden post at a rate of 400/ha in replicated 1.3-ha plots. moth captures in sex pheromone baited traps placed at the vineyard borders and interiors revealed si ... | 2008 | 18581179 |
| identification of a powerful aroma compound in munster and camembert cheeses: ethyl 3-mercaptopropionate. | with the view to investigate the presence of thiols in cheese, the use of different methods of preparation and extraction with an organomercuric compound ( p-hydroxymercuribenzoate) enabled the isolation of a new compound. the analysis of cheese extracts by gas chromatography coupled with pulse flame photometry, mass spectrometry, and olfactometry detections led to the identification of ethyl 3-mercaptopropionate in munster and camembert cheeses. this compound, described at low concentrations as ... | 2008 | 18512934 |
| influence of pressing method on juice stilbene content in muscadine and bunch grapes. | juice stilbene contents of 2 muscadine (vitis rotundifolia) cultivars, noble and carlos, and 2 bunch grape (vitis labrusca) cultivars, mid south and miss blanc were evaluated after crushing and pressing. four commercial pressing methods were used to produce juice: (1) cold press of fresh berries (cp); (2) hot press of fresh berries (hp); (3) cold press of frozen and thawed berries (fcp); and (4) cold press of pectolytic enzyme treated berries (ecp). free run juice (frj) from the crusher without ... | 2008 | 18460131 |
| phenolic content and antioxidant activities of white and purple juices manufactured with organically- or conventionally-produced grapes. | although the beneficial effects of moderate wine intake are well-known, data on antioxidant capacity of grape juices are scarce and controversial. the purpose of this study was to quantify total polyphenols, anthocyanins, resveratrol, catechin, epicatechin, procyanidins, and ascorbic acid contents in grape juices, and to assess their possible antioxidant activity. eight vitis labrusca juices--white or purple, from organically- or conventionally-grown grapes, and obtained in pilot or commercial s ... | 2007 | 17683842 |
| fractionation of monomeric and polymeric anthocyainins from concord grape (vitis labrusca l.) juice by membrane ultrafiltration. | concord grape juice with 20% polymeric and 60% monomeric anthocyanin (acy) forms was ultrafiltrated using polyvinylidene fluoride flat sheet membranes ranging from 10 to 1000 k molecular weight cutoff (mwco) to obtain different permeate and retentate fractions. permeate flux, membrane resistance, acy rejection, fouling, acy content and composition, color properties, and antioxidant activity (aox) were characterized. results showed that permeate flux declined with lower mwco, while membrane resis ... | 2007 | 17665929 |
| chloroplast microsatellites markers to assess genetic diversity in wild and cultivated grapevines of iran. | to assess the haplotype diversity and genetic relationship between them, a set of 69 iranian cultivated accessions, six european cultivars and an accession of vitis labrusca along with 63 wild grapevine individuals were studied using chloroplast microsatellite markers. results showed that among analyzed cpssr loci only ccmp 3 and ccmp10 were polymorphic within cultivars and only ccmp3 was polymorphic in wild grape individuals. the size variants of both loci combine in a total of 4 different hapl ... | 2007 | 19086550 |
| improved high performance liquid chromatographic separation of anthocyanin compounds from grapes using a novel mixed-mode ion-exchange reversed-phase column. | a novel mixed mode hplc method using a column combining both ion-exchange and reversed-phase separation mechanisms has been developed to facilitate analysis of anthocyanins in grapes. chromatographic performance and subsequent analysis of anthocyanidin diglucosides and acylated compounds are significantly improved using the new column, compared to those associated with conventional c18 reversed-phase methods. the mixed mode column produces a distinctive eluting pattern for the different anthocya ... | 2007 | 17382950 |
| abscisic acid stimulates a calcium-dependent protein kinase in grape berry. | it has been demonstrated that calcium plays a central role in mediating abscisic acid (aba) signaling, but many of the ca2+-binding sensory proteins as the components of the aba-signaling pathway remain to be elucidated. here we identified, characterized, and purified a 58-kd aba-stimulated calcium-dependent protein kinase from the mesocarp of grape berries (vitis vinifera x vitis labrusca), designated acpk1 (for aba-stimulated calcium-dependent protein kinase1). aba stimulates acpk1 in a dose-d ... | 2006 | 16407437 |
| interactive effects of soil temperature and moisture on concord grape root respiration. | root respiration has important implications for understanding plant growth as well as terrestrial carbon flux with a changing climate. although soil temperature and soil moisture often interact, rarely have these interactions on root respiration been studied. this report is on the individual and combined effects of soil moisture and temperature on respiratory responses of single branch roots of 1-year-old concord grape (vitis labruscana bailey) vines grown in a greenhouse. under moist soil condi ... | 2005 | 16143721 |
| canopy and environmental control of root dynamics in a long-term study of concord grape. | below-ground carbon allocation represents a substantial fraction of net photosynthesis in plants, yet timing of below-ground allocation and endogenous and exogenous factors controlling it are poorly understood. minirhizotron techniques were used to examine root populations of vitis labruscana bailey cv. concord under two levels of dormant-season canopy removal and irrigation. root production, pigmentation, death and disappearance to a depth of 110 cm were determined over two wet and two dry year ... | 2005 | 16101919 |
| systematic identification and characterization of anthocyanins by hplc-esi-ms/ms in common foods in the united states: fruits and berries. | anthocyanins were systematically identified and characterized by hplc-esi-ms/ms coupled with diode array detection in common fruits from u.s. food markets and other commercial sources. of the 25 different fruits that were screened, 14 fruits were found to contain anthocyanins; the number of anthocyanins varied from 2 in peaches and nectarines to 31 in concord grape. the individual anthocyanins were identified by comparing their mass spectral data and retention times with those of standards and p ... | 2005 | 15796599 |
| anthocyanin quantification and radical scavenging capacity of concord, norton, and marechal foch grapes and wines. | the anthocyanin content and the radical scavenging capacity of three non-vitis vinifera grapes (marechal foch, norton, and concord varieties) were determined. analyses of anthocyanins in the skin (s) and wine (w) of these grape varieties were performed by spectrophotometry, hplc with electrochemical detection, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (maldi). the total anthocyanin contents of s samples were 258 +/- 37 mg/100 g of wet weight for foch, 888 +/- 78 mg/100 g for norton, and 32 ... | 2004 | 15506816 |
| molecular genetic diversity of the french-american grapevine hybrids cultivated in north america. | french-american hybrid grapevines are most popular in eastern and mid-western north america: they are hardy cultivars derived from crosses between the european vitis vinifera and american wild vines. the aim of this study was to characterize their genetic background using 6 microsatellite (ssr) markers and a set of 33 diagnostic rapd markers. the latter were reproducible with different pcr thermal cyclers. two ssr loci were found to be synonymous, vrzag47 and vvmd27. the dna profile frequencies ... | 2003 | 14663522 |
| characterization of anthocyanins in grape juices by ion trap liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | a reverse phase hplc and electrospray interface with ion trap mass spectrometer method was developed for the characterization of anthocyanins in concord, rubired, and salvador grape juices. rubired and salvador grapes are hybrids from vitis vinifera and vitis rupestris. concord grape is a grape from the native american cultivar vitis labrusca. individual anthocyanins in these three varieties were identified on the basis of uv-vis and ms spectra and further elucidated by ms/ms spectra. anthocyani ... | 2003 | 12643639 |
| comparison of the antioxidant effects of concord grape juice flavonoids alpha-tocopherol on markers of oxidative stress in healthy adults. | concord grape juice (cgj) is a rich source of flavonoids, which have greater antioxidant efficacy in vitro than does alpha-tocopherol; however, the efficacies of flavonoids and alpha-tocopherol in vivo have not been compared. | 2002 | 12450905 |
| an lc-ms method for analyzing total resveratrol in grape juice, cranberry juice, and in wine. | resveratrol is an antioxidant found in grapes, grape products, and some other botanical sources with antiinflammatory and anticancer properties. in grapes and wine, it occurs both as free resveratrol and piceid, the 3beta-glucoside of resveratrol. here we report a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method to analyze total resveratrol (including free resveratrol and resveratrol from piceid) in fruit products and wine. samples were extracted using methanol, enzymatically hydrolyzed, and analy ... | 2002 | 11804508 |
| specific transfer of 3h from d-[3-3h]gluconic acid into l-tartaric acid in vitaceous plants. | transfer of 3h from d-gluconic acid, specifically labelled with 3h at c-2 or c-3 and 14c at c-1, c-2, or c-3, 4, to l(+)-tartaric acid was examined in leaves and berries of vitis labrusca cv delaware and in leaves of parthenocissus quinquefolia. 3h located at c-3 of d-gluconic acid was highly conserved in this transfer, yielding a 3h/14c ratio between 3.3 and 14 in the light and between 11 and 22 in the dark. these experiments strongly suggest that a portion of the 3h present in l(+)-tartaric ac ... | 1994 | 7765653 |
| production of β-damascenone precursors in cell cultures of vitis labruscana cv concord grapes. | callus cultures of vitis labruscana cv. concord were initiated from both immature fruit and petiole tissue. analysis revealed that the acid hydrolyzable precursors to β-damascenone, a compound important to the flavor of most grape species, were present in both callus types. light and increased sucrose concentration were shown to raise the levels of the precursor, some of which are glycosides, in the petiole callus but not in the fruit callus. addition of β-carotene, a biogenic precursor to β-dam ... | 1994 | 24194030 |
| spring filling of xylem vessels in wild grapevine. | xylem vessels in grapevines vitis labrusca l. and vitis riparia michx. growing in new england contained air over winter and yet filled with xylem sap and recovered their maximum hydraulic conductance during the month before leaf expansion in late may. during this period root pressures between 10 and 100 kilopascals were measured. although some air in vessels apparently dissolved in ascending xylem sap, results indicated that some is pushed out of vessels and then out of the vine. air in the vess ... | 1987 | 16665259 |
| synthesis of l-(+)-tartaric acid from l-ascorbic acid via 5-keto-d-gluconic acid in grapes. | 5-keto-l-idionic acid ( identical with5-keto-d-gluconic acid, d-xylo-5-hexulosonic acid) was found as a metabolic product of l-ascorbic acid in slices of immature grapes, vitis labrusca l. cv ;delaware'. specifically labeled compounds, recognized as metabolic products of l-ascorbic acid in grapes, were fed to young grape tissues to investigate the metabolic pathway from l-ascorbic acid to l-(+)-tartaric acid.label from dehydro-l-[1-(14)c]ascorbic acid, 2-keto-l-[1-(14)c]idonic acid (l-xylo-2-hex ... | 1984 | 16663792 |
| conversion of labeled substrates to sugars, cell wall polysaccharides, and tartaric acid in grape berries. | [u-(14)c]sucrose, myo-[u-(14)c]inositol, [6-(14)c]- and [u-(14)c]glucuronate, udp-[u-(14)c]glucuronate, [u-(14)c]gluconate, and l-[1-(14)c]ascorbic acid were fed into grape berries, vitis labrusca l. cv. delaware, at intervals throughout the ripening process and incorporation of (14)c into several metabolites was studied.[u-(14)c]sucrose was the most effective precursor of cellulose in young grape berries and of glucose and fructose in mature berries. on the other hand, udp-[u-(14)c]glucuronate ... | 1978 | 16660488 |
| biosynthesis of (+)-tartaric acid from l-[4-c]ascorbic acid in grape and geranium. | the metabolic fate of l-[4-(14)c]ascorbic acid has been examined in the grape (vitis labrusca l.) and lemon geranium (pelargonium crispum l. l'hér. cv. prince rupert) under conditions comparable to data from l-[1-(14)c]ascorbic acid and l-[6-(14)c]ascorbic acid experiments. in detached grape leaves and immature berries, l-[4-(14)c]ascorbic acid and l-[1-(14)c]ascorbic acid were equivalent precursors to carboxyl labeled (+)-tartaric acid. in geranium apices, l-[4-(14)c]ascorbic acid yielded inter ... | 1978 | 16660361 |
| stereoisomeric characterization of tartaric acid produced during l-ascorbic acid metabolism in plants. | labeled tartaric acids from pelargonium crispum apices which had been fed l-ascorbic acid-6-(14)c and vitis labrusca and parthenocissus inserta tissues which had been fed l-ascorbic acid-1-(14)c were examined by chemical means to determine chiral configuration. in each instance, label was associated with (+)-tartaric acid.similar experiments with labeled tartaric acid from p. crispum which had been labeled with d-glucose-1-(14)c or -6-(14)c led to the same result. no evidence was obtained for fo ... | 1975 | 16659212 |
| enumeration of byssochlamys and other heat-resistant molds. | methods for the detection of low numbers of heat-resistant molds on fruits were studied by using cultures of byssochlamys and a number of unidentified mold isolates. ascospore dormancy had a marked effect on viable recoveries, and the medium in which ascospores were heated influenced activation rates. best results were obtained when fruit homogenates were heated for 60 min at 70 c in concord grape juice, followed by culturing on acidified potato dextrose agar. | 1970 | 16349886 |
| continuous production of flor sherry from new york state wines. | flor sherry-like wines were produced continuously from new york state wines from delaware or cold-pressed concord grapes whose pigment contents were reduced with activated carbon. the course of flor fermentation was followed by total aldehyde analysis. optimal flor production was observed at 18 to 20 c. two continuous methods of fermentation were used. a glass column packed with ceramic saddles densely covered with yeasts gave good results, but required more careful management than the second me ... | 1965 | 14339255 |
| translocation of sugars in the concord grape. | | 1958 | 16655073 |