| [seasonal changes in the enzyme pattern and neurosecretion content as well as innervation of the preoptic nucleus in the brook trout (salmo trutta fario) with special reference to the hypothalamic hydrencephalokrinia]. | | 1970 | 4331425 |
| [differentiation and ultrastructure of the distal skeleton of the pectoral fin of the native trout (salmo trutta fario l.). i. differentiation and ultrastructure of the actinotrichia]. | | 1974 | 4367392 |
| [differentiation and ultrastructure of distal skeleton of pectoral fin of indigenous trout (salmo trutta fario l.). ii. differentiation and ultrastructure of lepidotrichia]. | | 1974 | 4469410 |
| elevation of plasma gonadotropin concentration in response to mammalian gonadotropin releasing hormone (grh) treatment of the male brown trout as determined by radioimmunoassay. | | 1974 | 4618192 |
| occurrence of eubothrium crassum (bloch, 1779) (cestoda: pseudophyllidea in brown trout salmotrutta l., and rainbow trout s. gairdneri richardson, 1836, from hanningfield reservoir, essex. | | 1972 | 4641402 |
| [first stages of the formation of the pelvic fin anlage in the trout (salmo fario and salmo gairdneri). i. anatomical study]. | | 1973 | 4722153 |
| occurrence of the metacercariae of cotylurus erraticus (rudolphi, 1809) szidat, 1928 (digenea: strigeidae) in brown trout salmo trutta l., and rainbow trout s. gairdneri richardson, 1836, from hanningfield reservoir, essex. | | 1973 | 4775757 |
| [permeability of trout (salmo trutta fario) erythrocytes to non-electrolytes]. | | 1970 | 5503222 |
| correlation between total serum protein and albumin-globulin ratio in malnourished brown trout. | | 1970 | 5528563 |
| observations on blood parameters of brown trout with ulcerative dermal necrosis. | | 1970 | 5532451 |
| further investigation of the parasite fauna of the brown trout salmo trutta. | | 1967 | 5583360 |
| [contribution on hydrencephalocriny: ii. seasonal and age determined changes in the hypothalamic hydrencephalocriny in the brook trout (salmo trutta fario)]. | | 1968 | 5639337 |
| the action of thyroxine on mitochondrial respiration and phosphorylation in the trout (salmo trutta fario l.). | | 1968 | 5657201 |
| [early histogenesis and morphogenesis of the cartilagineous skeleton of the primary girdles and fins in trouts (salmo trutta fario l.)]. | | 1968 | 5677815 |
| calcific heart disease in new zealand brown trout. | | 1968 | 5684853 |
| [contributions on hydroencephalocrania: i. hypothalamic hydroencephalocrania in the trout (salmo trutta fario)]. | | 1967 | 6062989 |
| effects of ph on the gill atpase activity and blood composition of whitefish (coregonus peled) and trout (salmo trutta fario). | 1. the effects of ph on blood composition and gill (na+ + mg2+) atpase activity were studied in 142 whitefish and trout kept for 3 to 17 hr in tanks at ph 3.0-9.5 in northern finland. 2. ph clearly influenced all blood values, except plasma alanine and aspartate aminotransferases. blood haemoglobin and packed cell volume of whitefish and trout were lower at ph 9.5 but higher at ph 3.0 than those of controls at ph 6.5. 3. both fishes had lowest plasma sodium and chloride values in groups kept for ... | 1982 | 6126304 |
| [electrophoretic evidence of a strong genetic differentiation between brown trout populations of corsica]. | electrophoretic variations of 18 enzyme systems encoded by 37 loci have revealed a high degree of genetic differentiation between three brown trout populations from corsica. one of these populations could be salmo trutta macrostigma dum. | 1983 | 6416620 |
| chromosome relationships in the genus salmo. | chromosome numbers and polymorphisms in rainbow trout, atlantic salmon, and brown trout are described. the karyotypes of these three species are compared with each other and with those of other salmonid fish from the genera salmo, salvelinus, and oncorhynchus. karyotype evolution from a postulated ancestral tetraploid is discussed. | 1984 | 6499596 |
| neuronal increase in the trout (salmo trutta fario) spinal cord during development. | | 1984 | 6529739 |
| annual variations in the visual pigments of brown trout inhibiting lochs providing different light environments. | visual pigments were extracted at regular intervals over the year from trout (salmo trutta) inhabiting three scottish lochs. measurements of the spectral quality of the light in the lochs were also made. in all cases only a2-based pigment was found in the winter, with a1-based pigment appearing as well in summer. fish from loch turret had significantly less a1-based pigment than fish from the other two lochs. loch turret differs from the other two lochs in being dystrophic, as opposed to eutroph ... | 1984 | 6533987 |
| electrophoretic variation in six populations of brown trout (salmo trutta l.). | starch gel electrophoretic studies of 16 enzymes encoded by 34 loci were performed on six brown trout populations. one new polymorphism is described at the pmi-2 locus. breeding data were analysed for both single and joint segregation of six loci: aat-1, cpk-1, g3p-2, mdh-2, mdh-3, and pmi-2. all the loci are shown to segregate in simple mendelian ratios and one nonrandom joint segregation was observed. the polymorphism level, heterozygosities, and genetic distances were estimated and compared w ... | 1983 | 6577935 |
| silencing of duplicate genes: a null allele polymorphism for lactate dehydrogenase in brown trout (salmo trutta). | a previously described isozyme polymorphism at one of two skeletal muscle ldha loci in brown trout is due to a null allele, ldh1(n), producing no detectable catalytic activity. homozygotes for this allele have approximately only 56% of the ldh activity in skeletal muscle relative to homozygotes for the active allele. the remaining activity results from enzyme subunits produced by other ldh loci. the ldh1(n) allele is common and widespread throughout brown trout populations in sweden and is also ... | 1984 | 6599966 |
| toxicity of selected priority pollutants to various aquatic organisms. | toxicity tests were conducted with selected compounds listed by the united states environmental protection agency (epa) as priority pollutants. acute toxicity information was determined for acenaphthene, arsenic trioxide, cadmium chloride, mercury(ii) chloride, silver nitrate, chlordane, endosulfan, and heptachlor. acute tests were conducted using one or more of the following species: fathead minnows (pimephales promelas), channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri), b ... | 1983 | 6617566 |
| identification of trout and salmon bloods by simple immunological technique and by electrofocusing patterns of red cell enzyme superoxide dismutase. | species identification of animal bloods is readily achieved by immunological tests. differentiation among fish species on this basis is more difficult although considerable success has been achieved on the basis of both inter- and intra-specific differences in their serum proteins. this report describes a method for the identification of the different species of fish within the salmonidae family and some coarse fish families on the basis of an immunological test and electrofocusing patterns of t ... | 1983 | 6630130 |
| seasonal and diel changes in plasma cortisol levels of the brown trout, salmo trutta l. | a marked diel variation in plasma cortisol concentration was demonstrated in the brown trout, salmo trutta l. for most of the year this variation took the form of an elevation of cortisol levels during the hours of darkness. there was some evidence of a phase shift from a peak at 2400 hr during the spring and early summer to a peak at 0400 hr during the late summer and early autumn. during the winter months a nocturnal elevation of plasma cortisol was not evident. a shorter, episodic elevation o ... | 1983 | 6682391 |
| [concentration of heavy metals in brook trout in comparison to aquatic plants and sediments]. | from 1974 to 1977 the heavy metal content of river water, fishes (salmo trutta fario), three aquatic plants (cladophora glomerata, potamogeton pectinatus, zannichellia palustris), one river-bank plant (phalaris arundinacea), and sediments (clay fraction) taken from the river leine, up and downstream of göttingen, were determined. galvanic-bath sewage containing heavy metals caused an increase (11-60%) in the concentration of nine elements in the water. the average level of heavy metals in the ri ... | 1983 | 6685956 |
| cortisol-induced lymphocytopenia in brown trout, salmo trutta l. | the administration of cortisol in the food of brown trout produced peak plasma cortisol titres of about 140 ng ml-1 at 12 hr and markedly reduced the number of circulating lymphocytes, which reached their lowest count at 36 hr. cortisol did not affect the erythrocyte, thrombocyte, or neutrophil count. sexual maturation of the male fish was associated with an increase in erythrocytes and a decrease in lymphocytes in the blood. these findings are discussed in relation to the increased susceptibili ... | 1984 | 6698391 |
| hepatic cytochrome p-450-dependent monooxygenase systems of the trout, frog and snake--i. components. | 1. components of the hepatic monooxygenase systems (cytochrome p-450, cytochrome b5, nadph cytochrome p-450- or c-reductase) of the brown trout (salmo trutta), leopard frog (rana pipiens) and garter snake (thamnophis) were considerably lower than those found in the rat. 2. reactivity of snake nadph-cytochrome p-450-reductase with cytochrome p-450 was about twice that of the rat reductase; reactivities of trout and frog reductases were similar, but lower than that of the rat. the optimal temperat ... | 1982 | 6802562 |
| simple mendelian inheritance at a locus coding for alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in brown trout (salmo trutta). | | 1982 | 6809701 |
| [maturational glycoprotein gonadotropin and estradiol-17-beta during the reproductive cycle of the female brown trout (salmo trutta)]. | female brown trout were sacrificed every month or twice a month during the reproductive season. plasma gonadotropin (gth) and estradiol-17 beta (e2-17 beta) were measured using radioimmunological techniques, in relation with the state of gametogenesis. from ovulation to july egg's diameters remained less than 1 mm, and ovogenesis was characterized from the histological appearance of three types of vitellus: glycoproteique (type i), lipidique (type ii), lipidoprotéique (type iii), and the immunol ... | 1983 | 6840517 |
| a quantitative analysis of spermatogenesis in the trout, salmo trutta fario. | the pattern of spermatogenesis was studied during an annual reprodutive cycle in adult male brown trout. the part of the testicular volume occupied by the nuclei of germ cells and of sertoli cells, the lobular lumen and the extra-lobular space were measured. the number of germ cells was estimated by the total volume occupied by each cell divided by the individual volume of each cell. the permanent number of spermatogonia a (spermatogonia isolated or in groups of 2) was about 50 million. each ga ... | 1983 | 6850778 |
| effect of calcium and aluminum concentrations on the survival of brown trout (salmo trutta) at low ph. | | 1983 | 6860811 |
| immunocytochemistry of gonadotropic cells in the pituitary of some teleost species. | an antiserum (anti-sgth) raised against salmon gonadotropin (sg-g100) was tested on pituitary sections of sarotherodon mossambicus, carassius auratus, anguilla anguilla (intact and estradiol-treated to induce the development of the gonadotropic (gth) cells), salmo trutta fario, and a protandric marine teleost (sarpa salpa, sparidae). using an immunoenzymologic technique, anti-sgth stained gth and thyrotropic (tsh) cells in the species studied. anti-sgth stained the granulated gth cells in s. tru ... | 1983 | 6862173 |
| hepatic cytochrome p-450-dependent monooxygenase systems of the trout, frog and snake--ii. monooxygenase activities. | 1. activities of hepatic monooxygenase systems (aminopyrine n-demethylase, benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase and p-nitrophenetole o-deethylase) of the brown trout (salmo trutta), leopard frog (rana pipiens) and garter snake (thamnophis) were observed to be considerably lower than those of the rat. the specific activities of their p-450 cytochromes relative to rates of product formation were also much lower than those of the rat, except benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation by frog microsomes, in which case, the ... | 1982 | 6978229 |
| hepatic cytochrome p-450-dependent monooxygenase systems of the trout, frog and snake--iii. induction. | 1. 3-methylcholanthrene administration increased levels of cytochrome p-450, benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity and p-nitrophenetole o-deethylase activity in hepatic microsomes from the brown trout (salmo trutta), leopard frog (rana pipiens) and the garter snake (thamnophis). the level of aminopyrine n-demethylase activity was increased in trout microsomes, but not in those from the frog, snake or rat. 2. the shift in the soret maximum of the reduced carbon monoxide difference spectrum of cytoc ... | 1982 | 6978230 |
| the primary immune response of brown trout (salmo trutta) to cellular and soluble antigens: enumeration of antibody-secreting and antigen-binding cells, and the production of antibody. | significantly increased numbers (p less than 0.01) of antigen-binding (abc) and antibody-secreting cells (asc) were stimulated, in the spleen and the anterior kidney (ak) of the brown trout (salmo trutta), by a single intraperitoneal injection of salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (lps), keyhole limpet haemocyanin (klh), sheep red blood cells (srbc) or klh- or lps-coated srbc. with the exception of the srbc group, the spleens contained more avc and asc per 10(6) lymphoid cells than the ak ... | 1981 | 7029986 |
| the effects of calcium on sodium fluxes in the brown trout, salmo trutta, in neutral and acid water. | | 1982 | 7077221 |
| seasonal patterns of free and conjugated androgens in the brown trout salmo trutta. | | 1982 | 7141206 |
| physiological response to acid water in brown trout (salmo trutta l.): cell volume regulation in heart ventricle tissue. | in brown trout surviving in acidified brook water, the plasma osmolality is reduced 15-25%. the decrease is much less than that expected from the measured reduction in the plasma concentration of na+ and cl-. this discrepancy cannot quantitatively be explained by the increase in plasma concentration of k+ (100%) and free amino compounds (mainly taurine; 280%) but appears mainly attributable to a reduction in plasma volume. the osmolality of heart ventricle cells is also reduced. water content of ... | 1982 | 7166697 |
| influence of calcium on the survival of eggs and fry of brown trout (salmo trutta) at ph 4.5. | | 1982 | 7201861 |
| fine structure and function of interrenal (adrenocortical) cells of dexamethasone-treated trout (salmo fario l.). | the ultrastructure of the interrenal (adrenocortical) cells of trout (salmo fario l.) was studied after dexamethasone treatment. a procedure for identifying and isolating interrenal tissue fragments from the surrounding head kidney tissue prior to their preparation for electron microscopy is described. the peripheral plasma cortisol concentrations were measured in order to evaluate the steroidogenic activity of this tissue. the interrenal cells of control animals contain numerous mitochondria wi ... | 1981 | 7214472 |
| changes in the concentrations of plasma cortisol and thyroxine during sexual maturation o the hatchery-reared brown trout, salmo trutta l. | | 1981 | 7262534 |
| acidophilic granular cells in the epidermis of the brown trout, salmo trutta l. | acidophilic cells occur in the epidermis of several species of salmonid fish, although their abundance fluctuates considerable between individuals within the same population and at different times during the life cycle. the histology, histochemistry and ultrastructure of an acidophilic, granular cell-type in the epidermis of the brown trout, salmo truuta l., is described. at the light microscope level this cell type is easily distinguished from the large, mucus-secreting, epidermal goblet cells ... | 1980 | 7407844 |
| biology of cucullanus truttae (nematoda) in a trout stream. | the life-history of cucullanus truttae (fabricius, 1794) from a trout stream (cernovický brook) in czechoslovakia is described on the basis of observations in the years 1977--78. larval lampreys, lampetra planeri, were found to serve as natural obligate intermediate hosts, whereas the definitive and probably also postcyclic hosts are brown trout, salmo trutta m. fario. no distinct seasonal changes were observed in the occurrence of infective nematode larvae in the intermediate hosts; the rate of ... | 1980 | 7419125 |
| effects of ph on sodium uptake in norwegian brown trout (salmo trutta) from an acid river. | sodium uptake rates were measured in wild and hatchery reared norwegian brown trout (salmo trutta) exposed to media of a range of ph. sodium uptake was strongly dependent on external acidity, being reduced in media of low ph. wild fish from the naturally acid r. tovdal (s. norway) were more tolerant of acid media than hatchery reared fish. the effects of increasing external sodium concentrations were strongly influenced by low external ph. the results are discussed with respect to brown trout po ... | 1980 | 7452138 |
| acclimation to an acid medium in the brown trout salmo trutta. | data are presented which demonstrate acclimation of brown trout (salmo trutta) to an acid medium. sodium fluxes, transepithelial gill potentials and plasma electrolyte concentrations were measured in brown trout exposed to an acid medium of ph 6.0 for a period of 6 weeks. sodium loss rates in acid exposed fish are reduced compared to normal fish, and sodium uptake in insensitive to external ph following long-term acid exposure. changes in gill potential and sodium turnover rate following acid ex ... | 1980 | 7452139 |
| primary olfactory fibres project to the ventral telencephalon and preoptic region in trout (salmo trutta): a developmental immunocytochemical study. | we studied the development of the primary olfactory system of a teleost, the brown trout, with the aims of clarifying whether the caudal projection pertains to the olfactory or to the terminal nerve system, of identifying the brain regions receiving this projection, and of investigating its possible functional significance. as olfactory markers (oms) we used two polyclonal antibodies (to substance p and to alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) that were found to label the olfactory projection st ... | 1994 | 7515905 |
| cadmium toxicity to rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum and brown trout salmo trutta l. over extended exposure periods. | the toxicity of cadmium in water is well known, but there have been few reports on the long-term effects of this metal on fish at concentrations near the european inland water standard of 5 micrograms cd liter-1. this paper describes experiments in which adult rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta were exposed to cadmium concentrations near water quality standard levels for periods of up to 90 weeks. the survival and growth of these fish were assessed, and sperm and eggs ... | 1994 | 7529162 |
| insulin and igf-i binding and tyrosine kinase activity in fish heart. | a study is presented of the binding of insulin and igf-i to their respective receptors in the heart muscle of carp (cyprinus carpio), coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch), brown trout (salmo trutta fario) and sprague-dawley rats. receptor preparations were partially purified by wheat germ agglutinin affinity chromatography. specific binding of insulin/100 mg cardiac muscle was much lower in fish (from 5.6 to 9.2%) than in rat (52.0 +/- 5.0%). in both carp and trout, insulin binding to the cardiac ... | 1995 | 7561619 |
| lipids of fish parasites and their hosts: fatty acid fingerprints of four species of acanthocephalans and of their hosts' intestinal tissues. | the fatty acid fingerprints of total lipid extracts from the four fish parasites acanthocephalus lucii, neoechinorhynchus rutili, paratenuisentis ambiguus, and pomphorhynchus laevis were investigated by capillary gas-liquid chromatography (glc). the fatty acid patterns of the parasites were compared with those of their respective host tissue, viz., intestinal tract tissue of infected perch, brown trout, eel, and chub. the highly complex gas chromatograms revealed significant differences not only ... | 1995 | 7567912 |
| neurons of the olfactory organ projecting to the caudal telencephalon and hypothalamus: a carbocyanine-dye labelling study in the brown trout (teleostei). | the caudal extrabulbar projections and their neurons of origin in the trout were studied after carbocyanine-dye (dii) labelling in either the olfactory organ or the caudal telencephalon. dii application to the caudal telencephalon labelled bipolar neurons in the olfactory epithelium, where they were sparsely distributed throughout the olfactory lamellae. labelled fibres ran scattered in the olfactory nerve without forming bundles. dii application to the olfactory organ labelled extrabulbar proje ... | 1995 | 7644137 |
| genetic diversity of trout (genus salmo) from its most eastern native range based on mitochondrial dna and nuclear gene variation. | russia and western asia harbour trout populations that have been classified as distinct species and subspecies, most often on the basis of morphological and ecological variation. in order to assess their origins and to verify whether traditional taxonomy reflects their evolutionary distinctiveness, we documented their genetic relationships on the basis of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) rflp, mtdna sequence analysis, and allozyme variation. both mtdna and nuclear gene variation defined two ancient phy ... | 1995 | 7663748 |
| bioaccumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) by fish downstream of pulp and paper mills in maine. | since 1988, the state of maine has monitored dioxin levels in the tissues of predatory and bottom feeding species of fish taken from the state's major water bodies, including five rivers which receive the effluent of bleached kraft paper mills. data are also available on dioxin concentrations in the effluent of these mills. monitoring results were analyzed using simple models to yield field bioaccumulation factors (bafs) for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) in maine rivers. three bafs ... | 1993 | 7682508 |
| application of heteroduplex analysis for detecting variation within the growth hormone 2 gene in salmo trutta l. (brown trout). | a new method to detect variation at a single copy nuclear gene in brown trout, salmo trutta l., is provided. the technique entails (i) selective gene amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), (ii) digestion of amplification products by restriction endonucleases to obtain fragments of suitable size, (iii) hybridization with heterologous dna followed by denaturation and reannealing to obtain heteroduplex molecules, and (iv) screening for variation in polyacrylamide gels. variation was ... | 1995 | 7706115 |
| the effects of calcitonin on serum calcium levels in immature brown trout, salmo trutta. | salmon calcitonin was administered intraperitoneally (0.1, 10, 1000 ng/100 g of fish) to freshwater-adapted, immature, female brown trout, salmo trutta, and changes in serum calcium levels were determined. the lowest dose (0.1 ng) had an effect similar to injection of saline (control), but the higher doses produced hypercalcemia. these latter effects were associated with increased serum levels of calcitonin. maintaining immature brown trout in waters containing 20 and 50 mm calcium chloride resu ... | 1995 | 7713382 |
| ontogeny of somatostatin-immunoreactive systems in the brain of the brown trout (teleostei). | the development of somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons and fibres was studied, using immunocytochemistry, in the brain of the brown trout. somatostatinergic perikarya were found in many regions including several telencephalic areas, the preoptic nucleus, anterior tuberal and lateral tuberal nuclei, the lateral recess nucleus, dorsal tuberal nucleus, the pre- and pseudoglomerular nuclei, central thalamic nucleus, optic tectum, interpeduncular nucleus, several isthmal and reticular nuclei and the ... | 1995 | 7726390 |
| applications of 5s rdna in atlantic salmon, brown trout, and in atlantic salmon x brown trout hybrid identification. | | 1995 | 7735532 |
| relationship between resistance of salmonids to furunculosis and recovery of aeromonas salmonicida from external mucus. | fish were sampled at the ed weed state fish hatchery (south hero, vermont, usa) in september 1992. aeromonas salmonicida was common, with concentrations as high as 10(5) to 10(7) colony-forming units per gram of mucus, and readily recovered from most mucus samples obtained from furunculosis-sensitive populations of brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), lake trout (salvelinus namaycush), and atlantic salmon (salmo salar). the pathogen was the predominant microorganism and accounted for greater tha ... | 1994 | 7760494 |
| abundant insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1) receptor binding in fish skeletal muscle. | insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1) receptors were quantified in glycoprotein fractions prepared by wheat germ agglutinin-agarose affinity chromatography from skeletal muscle of several species of salmonid fish and carp. insulin binding in fish skeletal muscle was lower than insulin binding found in rat. igf-1-specific binding was two- to sixfold higher than insulin binding (16.0 +/- 3.0 versus 5.8 +/- 0.75%/50 micrograms glycoprotein in brown trout, 15.5 +/- 0.9 versus 2.2 +/- 0.5% ... | 1995 | 7781961 |
| a triose-phosphate isomerase polymorphism in the atlantic salmon salmo salar l. | atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., from four european locations show allelic variation at one of three triose-phosphate isomerase (tpi) loci (tpi-3*) when separated on horizontal starch gel electrophoresis, using either eye or liver extracts. two common alleles (*100 and *103) and one rare allele (*97) segregate at tpi-3* with unambiguous typing being possible by observing the interlocus heterodimers. family studies demonstrate that tpi-3* 100 and *103 are of autosomal location and are inherited i ... | 1995 | 7794237 |
| the corticosteroidogenic response of brown and rainbow trout alevins and fry to environmental stress during a "critical period". | postemergent salmonid fry experience a "critical period" in their development, during which there may be a high mortality rate, so determining the long-term success of the year class. the mechanism(s) underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood but physiological stress may be a contributory factor. this study sought to establish at what point in their development, posthatch, salmonids become stress responsive in terms of activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (hpi) axis. imm ... | 1994 | 7821771 |
| up-regulation of insulin binding in fish skeletal muscle by high insulin levels. | the effects of insulin titres on regulation of receptor binding were studied in several fish species. insulin receptors were semi-purified by affinity chromatography (wga-agarose) from skeletal muscle of carp, brown trout and rainbow trout that had been subjected to increases in insulinemia produced either by arginine injection, food administration, or adaptation to an experimental diet (extruded diet with high-digestibility carbohydrates). arginine injection provoked acute hyperinsulinemia in b ... | 1994 | 7846297 |
| chilodonella spp. at four fish farms in northern finland. | a total of 4.1% infestation with chilodonella spp. was found among fish studied in 144 tanks in 1987-1989, representing 14.0% of the tanks in which fish are reared at four salmonid farms in northern finland. two species were found, c. hexasticha and c. piscicola, and both occurred on salmon (salmo salar l.), sea trout [s. trutta m. trutta (l.)] and brown trout [s. t. m. lacustris (l.)]. variability was observed in the length and width of the c. piscicola specimens and the number of ciliary rows ... | 1994 | 7866384 |
| distribution and development of catecholaminergic neurons in the brain of the brown trout. a tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemical study. | we report the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (th-ir) neurons in the brain of adult and developing trout. in the adult brain th-ir neurons were observed in the telencephalon (in the olfactory bulbs and the ventral telencephalic region), the diencephalon (in both the parvicellular and magnocellular portions of the preoptic nucleus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the ventromedial thalamic nucleus, the posterior tuberal nucleus, the organon vasculosum hypothalami, the lateral rece ... | 1993 | 7901271 |
| mitochondrial control region and protein coding genes sequence variation among phenotypic forms of brown trout salmo trutta from northern italy. | the pô river basin of northern italy is the home of distinctive and endemic morphological forms of brown trout salmo trutta. we used pcr-direct sequencing and rflp techniques to study variation in the mitochondrial control region of 225 trout in order to assess genetic relatedness among 18 populations from that region. the distribution analysis of these genotypes among north italian populations confirmed the phylogenetic differentiation of marbled trout salmo trutta marmoratus populations and th ... | 1994 | 7912616 |
| characterization of a repetitive element detected by nhei in the genomes of salmo species. | the genomes of the two species in the genus salmo (atlantic salmon, s. salar; brown trout, s. trutta) contain a 380-bp repetitive element that is flanked by the recognition sequence of the restriction enzyme nhei. these elements, which comprise approximately 1.2% of the salmon genome, do not exist in long tandem arrays as is typical of satellite dna. a comparison of the sequences of 16 salmon and 7 trout elements revealed that members of this family of repetitive dna are closely related to one a ... | 1994 | 7958824 |
| the liver of the brown trout, salmo trutta fario: a light and electron microscope study. | a qualitative study by light and electron microscopy was undertaken on the liver of the brown trout, salmo trutta fario. vessels and bile ducts were observed to be scattered without any apparent order within the parenchyma. venous profiles appeared either isolated or included in 'venous-arteriolar tracts' (vat) and 'venous-biliary-arteriolar tracts' (vbat). bile ducts also appeared either isolated or in groups which often included an arteriole. the parenchyma was organised in tubules of hepatocy ... | 1994 | 7961130 |
| the structure and development of dopaminergic interplexiform cells in the retina of the brown trout, salmo trutta fario: a tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemical study. | the organisation and development of the dopaminergic (da) system in the retina of the adult brown trout were studied with tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemical techniques. adult da cells are rather homogeneous in appearance and possess thick dendritic processes running to the ganglion cell layer and thinner axonal processes which run to the horizontal cell layer, where they form a rich plexus of varicose fibres closely associated with the surface of these cells. contact of da fibres with photo ... | 1994 | 7961143 |
| characteristics of vagococcus salmoninarum isolated from diseased salmonid fish. | isolates of the salmonid pathogen vagococcus salmoninarum were recovered from atlantic salmon, rainbow trout and brown trout with peritonitis. the phenotypes of these isolates and the type strain of vag. salmoninarum ncfb 2777 were determined by morphological, biochemical and physiological tests and whole cell protein profiles by sds-page. there was a high level of phenetic similarity between the salmonid isolates and the type strain. the species forms short gram-positive rods, hydrolyses l-pyrr ... | 1994 | 7961194 |
| relationships between the parasites of some wild and cultured fishes in two lakes and a fish farm in central finland. | a total of 526 atlantic salmon and 500 brown trout from a fish farm were studied for parasites, as were 272 roach, 251 perch and 150 whitefish from the lake which formed the water source, and 196 roach and 136 perch from the effluent recipient lake. the cultured fish harboured 14 parasite species, of which most were protozoan generalist parasites. nine species were found on salmon and 12 on brown trout. epizootically the most important species were ichthyobodo necator, chilodonella cyprini and i ... | 1994 | 8021098 |
| insulin binding and receptor tyrosine kinase activity in skeletal muscle of carnivorous and omnivorous fish. | we characterized the insulin receptors in skeletal muscle from several fish species with different nutritional preferences: brown trout (salmo trutta fario), gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata), tilapia (tilapia mossambica), and carp (cyprinus carpio), semipurified by affinity chromatography (wheat germ agglutinin-agarose). total specific binding and number of receptors per unit weight of piscine white skeletal muscle were lower than those values found in mammalian skeletal muscle. the same param ... | 1994 | 8024051 |
| cytochrome b and 16s rrna sequence variation in the salmo trutta (salmonidae, teleostei) species complex. | pcr amplification and direct sequencing of regions of the cytochrome b and 16s rrna mitochondrial genes was carried out on italian and irish populations of the brown trout (salmo trutta) species complex. these included s. t. marmoratus, s. t. macrostigma, salmo carpio, and salmo fibreni collected in italy, and s. t. trutta morpha fario, from both italy and ireland. samples of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) were also examined and used as an outgroup in the phylogenetic analysis. results based on 5 ... | 1994 | 8025731 |
| effects of lipophilic complex formation on the disposition of nickel in experimental animals. | dithiocarbamates, thiuram sulphides, xanthates, pyridinethiones and halogenated 8-hydroxyquinolines are groups of compounds which can form lipophilic complexes with ni2+. these compounds are widely used as drugs and pesticides, and in industry. we have exposed rodents (mice, rats) and fish (brown trout) to substances belonging to these groups of compounds together with 63ni2+ (as 63nicl2) and then examined the uptake of the 63ni2+ in the tissues of the animals. one dithiocarbamate--sodium diethy ... | 1994 | 8029698 |
| organization and chromosomal location of the major histone cluster in brown trout, atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. | the major histone cluster (hisdna) was mapped by fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) to mitotic chromosomes of atlantic salmon, brown trout, and rainbow trout. the data reveal that in the three species hisdna is tandemly repeated in a single locus. southern blots of genomic dna indicate that these clusters are representative of the vast majority of the histone genes in these species. similar reiteration values were found among the three species. genetic variability in the hisdna was found o ... | 1994 | 8055712 |
| effects of some chelating agents on the uptake and distribution of 54mn(ii) in the brown trout (salmo trutta). | the effects of humic acids, which are natural metal-complexing compounds, and potassium ethylxanthate, sodium diethyldithiophosphate, sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate, and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, which are sulphur-containing man-made chelating agents, on the uptake and tissue distribution of 54mn(ii) were studied in brown trout (salmo trutta). fish were exposed for 7 days to 0.1 microgram mn(ii).l-1 as mncl2 (1 microci 54mn.l-1) with or without chelating agents. examination of the partition ... | 1994 | 8090699 |
| multi-chromosomal location of ribosomal rna genes and heterochromatin association in brown trout. | the ribosomal rrna genes have been mapped by fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) to brown trout chromosomes. one major nor chromosome pair and 8 novel minor nor chromosome pairs have been found. both major and minor nors were closely related to polymorphic heterochromatin, as revealed by fish and c-banding. these results are discussed with respect to nor expression, the relationship between rdna and heterochromatin, and evolutionary aspects. | 1993 | 8143090 |
| photoaffinity labeling of the ah receptor: phylogenetic survey of diverse vertebrate and invertebrate species. | the mammalian aromatic hydrocarbon (ah) receptor is a soluble protein involved in the regulation of gene expression by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd). little is known, however, about the presence and properties of this receptor in nonmammalian species. in these studies, we sought evidence for an ah receptor in the liver or liver-equivalent of diverse species of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. velocity sedimentation analysis of hepatic cy ... | 1994 | 8161208 |
| (ct)n and (gt)n microsatellites: a new class of genetic markers for salmo trutta l. (brown trout). | thirteen (gt)n and four (ct)n microsatellite loci (n = 10 or more and n = 20 or more, respectively) have been isolated from a partial genomic library of brown trout and sequenced. on average, a (gt)n repeat sequence occurs approximately every 23 kb and a (ct)n repeat sequence every 76 kb in brown trout genome. primers for dna amplifications using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were synthesized for three single locus microsatellites. mendelian inheritance of the observed polymorphisms was co ... | 1993 | 8276633 |
| fine structure and development of ionocyte areas in the labyrinth of the trout (salmo trutta fario). | the distribution of ionocyte areas in the trout labyrinth (in the semicircular canal ampullae, crus communis and utricular vesicle) is very similar to that of areas of dark cells in mammals. in all 3 regions, ionocytes begin to develop after hatching, and are cuboid at fry stages and prismatic in juveniles and adults. on electron microscopy, 3 types of cell can be seen in adult ionocyte areas: ionocytes, associate cells and basal cells. ionocytes possess many mitochondria, occupying approximatel ... | 1993 | 8300428 |
| a repetitive element in the genome of atlantic salmon, salmo salar. | when atlantic salmon (salmo salar) genomic dna is digested with the restriction endonuclease bgli and the fragments separated by agarose-gel electrophoresis, bands corresponding to approximately 430 and 923 bp are visualized after etdbr staining. the 923-bp band was excised from a preparative gel and used to screen a salmon genomic library for recombinant phage (re-phage) containing the repeat. the bgli repeat element is tandemly arrayed, and an array from one re-phage has been sequenced. the bg ... | 1993 | 8406016 |
| an aromatic-dependent mutant of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida is attenuated in fish and is effective as a live vaccine against the salmonid disease furunculosis. | aeromonas salmonicida is the etiological agent of furunculosis in salmonid fish. the disease is responsible for severe economic losses in intensively cultured salmon and trout. bacterin vaccines provide inadequate protection against infection. we have constructed an aromatic-dependent mutant of a. salmonicida in order to investigate the possibility of an effective live-attenuated vaccine. the aroa gene of a. salmonicida was cloned in escherichia coli, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. ... | 1993 | 8478107 |
| common and rare trout parasites in a small landscape system. | brown trout (salmo trutta) from four lakes within an area of approximately 40 km2 were found to harbour nine helminth species. crepidostomum metoecus could be classified as core species, while crepidostomum farionis had an intermediate position. all the others could be classified as satellite species. salmon (salmo salar) fingerlings were grown to smolts in an earthpond over the summer. the fingerlings became infected with crepidostomum spp. which may indicate a superior colonization ability in ... | 1993 | 8479796 |
| calbindin d-28k distribution in the retina of the developing trout (salmo fario l.). | the appearance of calbindin d-28k, a calcium-binding protein, during development of the trout retina was studied by immunohistochemistry. the first calbindin immunoreactive cells appear in the inner nuclear layer at the equator of the embryonic retina at the stage 227 degrees c (around embryonic day 15). just before hatching, stage 440 degrees c (around embryonic day 30) cells located in the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer, expressed calbindin. this pattern of immunoreactivity was co ... | 1993 | 8515884 |
| population biology of pomphorhynchus laevis in brown trout from two lakes in the west of ireland. | since ireland is the only country in which pomphorhynchus laevis (acanthocephala) uses brown trout (salmo trutta) as its preferred definitive host, the population biology of the parasite in this host was investigated thus enabling a comparison to be made with data collected on p. laevis from other hosts, particularly the cyprinids, chub and barbel. over a period of 12 months, 549 brown trout were caught from two lakes, lough feeagh and bunaveela lake, in the burrishoole river system, co. mayo, i ... | 1995 | 8522766 |
| metazoan parasite community structure in brown trout from two lakes in western ireland. | a total of 549 brown trout were caught from two lakes, lough feeagh and bunaveela lake, in the burrishoole system, co. mayo, ireland. seven species of metazoan parasite were detected but only four species occurred in > or = 10% of the sample. the parasite community of the trout was dominated by a single species, pomphorhynchus laevis, with a prevalence if 58%. only one allogenic helminth species was recorded from the trout, diphyllobothrium ditremum, with the community mainly comprising autogeni ... | 1995 | 8522767 |
| histopathology of the thymus in saprolegnia-infected wild brown trout, salmo trutta l. | a comparative analysis was made of the thymic cytoarchitecture of healthy and saprolegnia-infected wild brown trout. in saprolegnia-infected fish, even when the thymus was not invaded by fungal hyphae, the thymic architecture was lost without signs of regionalization. intercellular oedema, some thymocytes, hypertrophic and degenerated epithelial cells and increased phagocytic activity were also observed. in thymi invaded by the fungus, hyphae occurred isolated or in close apposition to epithelia ... | 1995 | 8533294 |
| expression of na(+)-k(+)-atpase in the brown trout, salmo trutta: in vivo modulation by hormones and seawater. | expression of the na(+)-k(+)-atpase alpha-subunit was investigated in the gill and trunk kidney of salmo trutta. groups of freshwater (fw) fish were treated with various hormones [cortisol: 3 x 4.0 micrograms/g; recombinant salmon growth hormone (rsgh): 3 x 0.25 micrograms/g; salmon prolactin (sprl): 3 x 0.25 micrograms/g; recombinant bovine insulin-like growth factor-i (rbigf-i): 2 x 0.01 micrograms/g; or 2 x 0.1 micrograms/g] or transferred to 25 parts per thousand seawater (sw) and sampled af ... | 1995 | 8594935 |
| establishment, survival and site selection of the cestode eubothrium crassum in brown trout, salmo trutta. | population dynamics, site selection, growth and maturation of the cestode eubothrium crassum in a natural population of salmo trutta in a small lake were studied over a period of 1 year, the life-span of a cohort in fish. infection of fish commenced in spring but peaked in july. small, plerocerciform parasites initially located in the intestine, but then some moved into the pyloric caecae whilst others, the majority in heavy infections, were lost from the fish causing a fall in abundance from 46 ... | 1996 | 8728999 |
| effect of dominance status on sex hormone levels in laboratory and wild-spawning male trout. | we investigated the relationship between male social status and hormone levels in salmonids spawning under laboratory and field conditions. in small groups of rainbow trout (onchorhynchus mykiss) spawning in the laboratory, dominant males had higher plasma levels of testosterone (t) and 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta-p) compared with subordinates. steroid levels increased in subordinate males that became dominant after dominant males were experimentally removed; higher s ... | 1996 | 8729943 |
| tissue distribution and structure of barrier cells in the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs of salmonids. | barrier cells have been recognized as a discrete group of fibroblastic- or myofibroblastic-like cells located in the lymphoid and hematopoietic organs of mammals. this paper reports the results of a morphological study of the main lymphoid organs of three salmonid species, in which cells structurally similar to the mammalian barrier cells were observed in healthy animals. | 1996 | 8731035 |
| a nor-associated repetitive element present in the genome of two salmo species (salmo salar and salmo trutta). | a repetitive element was isolated from the genome of atlantic salmon. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the existence of variant monomers that range in length from approximately 200 to 230 bp. repeat monomers contain regions of cryptic simplicity, internal repetition, and long direct repeats with deletions and insertions between individual units. the repetitive element was shown to have a tandem unit arrangement and was estimated to occupy between two and three percent of the atlantic salmon ... | 1996 | 8776862 |
| analytical microscopy and environment. current developments using bioindicators of pollution by stable and radioactive elements. | ecotoxicological investigations were performed on three sets of bioindicators. the first one concerns marine pollution of invertebrates (molluscs: the mussel mytilus edulis and related species, crustaceans: the crab liocarcinus puber and related species), contaminated by stable or radioactive elements originating from wastes discharged into sea water. the second one concerns freshwater pollution of vertebrates (fish: the brown trout salmo trutta fario), contaminated by aluminium dissolved in riv ... | 1996 | 8793191 |
| plasma prolactin, cortisol, and thyroid responses of the brown trout (salmo trutta) exposed to lethal and sublethal aluminium in acidic soft waters. | brown trout, with indwelling dorsal aortic cannulae, were exposed to various concentrations of aluminium (al; 50 micrograms liter-1, 100% mortality over 48 hr; 25 micrograms liter-1, 50% mortality over 120 hr; 12.5 micrograms liter-1, 0% mortality over 120 hr) in acidic (ph 5.0) soft water. the plasma concentrations of prolactin (prl), cortisol, thyroxine (t4), and triiodothyronine (t3) were monitored. plasma prl concentrations were transiently depressed (to less than 20% of resting concentratio ... | 1996 | 8804568 |
| demographic genetics of brown trout (salmo trutta) and estimation of effective population size from temporal change of allele frequencies. | we studied temporal allele frequency shifts over 15 years and estimated the genetically effective size of four natural populations of brown trout (salmo trutta l.) on the basis of the variation at 14 polymorphic allozyme loci. the allele frequency differences between consecutive cohorts were significant in all four populations. there were no indications of natural selection, and we conclude that random genetic drift is the most likely cause of temporal allele frequency shifts at the loci examine ... | 1996 | 8807308 |
| insulin and igf-i binding in isolated trout cardiomyocytes. | insulin and igf-i receptor binding were characterized in cardiac muscle cells isolated from the brown trout, salmo trutta fario. cardiomyocyte suspensions obtained by perfusion of ventricles with collagenase showed a high degree of viability as judged by trypan blue exclusion, ldh leakage, and morphology. specific insulin binding was 2.88 +/- 0.28%/10 mg cells after overnight incubation at 4 degrees. scatchard analysis indicated the presence of high affinity insulin binding sites with an apparen ... | 1996 | 8812393 |
| insulin and insulin-like growth factor-i receptors in fish brain. | we investigated insulin and insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) receptor-binding and receptor intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity in the brain of carp (cyprinus carpio) and trout (salmo trutta fario). glycoprotein fractions of semi-purified receptors were prepared by wga-agarose affinity chromatography. insulin receptors were found in the brains of both fish species investigated. carp and trout brain preparations bound, respectively (per 50 micrograms glycoprotein), with 6.0 +/- 1.5% and 8.0 +/- ... | 1996 | 8852819 |
| eel (anguilla anguilla) and brown trout (salmo trutta) target species to assess the biological impact of trace metal pollution in freshwater ecosystems. | copper, lead, and cadmium pollution were measured in water and sediments of two northern spanish rivers: piles and pigäeña. liver contents of these heavy metals were analyzed in two fish species (eel, anguilla anguilla, and brown trout, salmo trutta) collected from the same locations. significant levels of heavy metal pollution were found in a 38% of fish that are potential catches for sport fishermen. the results indicate that adult eel could be a good metal bioindicator if sampled at a homogen ... | 1996 | 8854823 |
| finnish salmon resistant to gyrodactylus salaris: a long-term study at fish farms. | the occurrence of gyrodactylus salaris on baltic salmon (salmo salar), sea trout (s. trutta m. trutta) and brown trout (s. trutta m. lacustris) was examined from 1984 to 1993 at 4 fish farms (a, b, c and d) that produce smolts for stocking in northern finland. no g. salaris was found on the sea or brown trout, but it did occur on salmon for 6-7 years at farms b, c and d, the prevalences of infection being 9.5%, 17.7% and 8.8% for salmon yearlings and smolts during that time, respectively, but le ... | 1996 | 8894763 |
| cytogenetic studies of pcb77 on brown trout (salmo trutta fario) using the micronucleus test and the alkaline comet assay. | polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) are stable pollutants, which can be found in almost every compartment of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. they are very lipophilic and therefore have the potency of accumulating in the fat stores of animals. the mechanisms by which pcbs exert their adverse effects are still unclear. it is known that pcbs induce some important biotransformation enzymes, but their mutagenic properties are still controversial. the dna breakage and clastogenic potency of a planar ... | 1996 | 8921510 |