| systemic nocardiosis in a reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | systemic infection by nocardia asteroides was diagnosed in a reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). at necropsy, the animal had enlarged tracheobronchial lymph nodes, pleural and peritoneal effusions, and numerous, multifocal to coalescing, yellow, firm nodules with inspissated pus in the lung, pleura, omentum, liver, heart, adrenal glands, and left kidney. microscopically, the nodules consisted of foci of pyogranulomatous inflammation. microscopic lesions were present in the grossly affected or ... | 2007 | 17459869 |
| fatal inanition in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus): pathological findings in completely emaciated carcasses. | in a project to determine the causes of winter mortality in reindeer in finnmark county, northern norway, the most frequent diagnosis turned out to be complete emaciation, despite several of the reindeer having been given silage for up to 4 weeks before they died. the present paper describes autopsy results and other findings in these animals. | 2007 | 17903247 |
| morphological and molecular identification of three species of sarcocystis in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in iceland. | six sarcocystis species have previously been described from reindeer in norway based on sarcocyst morphology and dna sequencing. the aim of this study was to determine whether reindeer in iceland, which descend from reindeer imported from norway in 1787, also were infected with sarcocystis, and to identify and genetically characterise any species present. muscle tissue from the heart, diaphragm and/or oesophagus was collected from 36 reindeer in iceland. pieces of all tissue samples were examine ... | 2007 | 17904291 |
| the effects of wintertime undernutrition on plasma leptin and insulin levels in an arctic ruminant, the reindeer. | we examined the effects of prolonged undernutrition on plasma leptin and insulin levels and some serum protein metabolites in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) during winter and spring. the reindeer (male <1 year) were fed their preferred winter feed, low-protein lichen ad libitum for 5 weeks, followed by 40% restriction of energy for 8 weeks and refeeding with high-protein pellets for 6 weeks. the control group received high-protein reindeer pellets ad libitum throughout the experiment. ... | 2008 | 18282730 |
| eubacterium rangiferina, a novel usnic acid-resistant bacterium from the reindeer rumen. | reindeer are able to eat and utilize lichens as an important source of energy and nutrients. in the current study, the activities of antibiotic secondary metabolites including usnic, antranoric, fumarprotocetraric, and lobaric acid commonly found in lichens were tested against a collection of 26 anaerobic rumen bacterial isolates from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) using the agar diffusion method. the isolates were identified based on their 16s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rrna) gene seque ... | 2008 | 18421431 |
| molecular diversity of the rumen microbiome of norwegian reindeer on natural summer pasture. | the molecular diversity of the rumen microbiome was investigated in five semi-domesticated adult female norwegian reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) grazing on natural summer pastures on the coast of northern norway (71.00 degrees n, 25.30 degrees e). mean population densities (numbers per gram wet weight) of methanogenic archaea, rumen bacteria and ciliate protozoa, estimated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr), were 3.17x10(9), 5.17x10(11) and 4.02x10(7), respective ... | 2009 | 18604648 |
| allocating protein to reproduction in arctic reindeer and caribou. | reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and caribou (rangifer tarandus granti) use body stores (capital) and food intake (income) for survival and reproduction. intakes of low-nitrogen (n) food declined in winter and increased in spring (51-83 g dry matter kg(-0.75) d(-1)). reindeer calved before regaining food intake, whereas caribou calved 28 d later. body n was conserved by minimizing oxidation of amino acid n to urea. maternal protein stored from early winter was used for 96% of fetal growth i ... | 2008 | 18702605 |
| preliminary studies on the etiology of keratoconjunctivitis in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) calves in alaska. | keratoconjunctivitis outbreaks occur each summer in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) herds in western alaska, usa. this condition has not been well characterized nor has a definitive primary etiologic agent been identified. we evaluated the eyes of 660 calves near nome, alaska, between 29 june and 14 july 2005. clinical signs of keratoconjunctivitis were observed in 26/660 calves (3.9%). samples were collected from the conjunctival sac of both affected (n=22) and unaffected (n=24) animals f ... | 2008 | 18957667 |
| polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls in semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and wild moose (alces alces) meat in finland. | semi-domesticated reindeer and wild moose meat samples were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (pcdd/fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). both calves and adults were studied. individual reindeer and moose meat samples and pooled reindeer calf meat samples were collected from the northern, the middle, and the southern reindeer herding regions in finland. samples represented the edible parts of carcasses. in individual samples of reindeer the fat based who-pcdd/ ... | 2009 | 19217140 |
| evaluation of three commercial bovine elisa kits for detection of antibodies against alphaherpesviruses in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | the genus varicellovirus (family herpesviridae subfamily alphaherpesvirinae) includes a group of viruses genetically and antigenically related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) among which cervid herpesvirus 2 (cvhv-2) can be of importance in reindeer. these viruses are known to be responsible for different diseases in both wild and domestic animals. reindeer are a keystone in the indigenous saami culture and previous studies have reported the presence of antibodies against alphaherpesviruses in ... | 2009 | 19272136 |
| cervid herpesvirus 2 causes respiratory and fetal infections in semidomesticated reindeer. | members of the viral subfamily alphaherpesvirinae establish latency from which they can be reactivated. bovine herpesvirus 1 causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis in cattle, as well as abortion and weak calves. serological evidence of alphaherpesvirus infection has been reported for wild and semidomesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in norway. to address the possibility that reindeer alphaherpesvirus (cervid herpesvirus 2 [cvhv-2]) infection ... | 2009 | 19279181 |
| variation in gestation length among captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | an estimated 90% of reindeer females are mated in a 10- to 21-d interval and give birth in an equally synchronized manner. reported gestation length in reindeer is highly variable (range, 203 to 240 d), almost twice the reindeer estrous cycle length. previously, we identified a significant, negative relationship between gestation length and conception date in a small group of reindeer. in the current study, the negative relationship was investigated in a switchback design, where reindeer were di ... | 2009 | 19344943 |
| diagnosis and treatment of babesia odocoilei in captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and recognition of three novel host species. | two captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) at a new york zoological institution were diagnosed with babesia odocoilei. clinical signs consistent with acute babesiosis included fever, hemoglobinuria, and hemolytic anemia. both episodes were precipitated by stressful events that may have compromised their immunocompetence. the diagnosis was confirmed by visualization of intraerythrocytic parasites on stained blood smears, polymerase chain reaction, and speciation of the babesia by sequencin ... | 2009 | 19368255 |
| alphaherpesvirus infections in semidomesticated reindeer: a cross-sectional serological study. | alphaherpesviruses infect a wide range of animal species and cause diseases. cervid herpesvirus 2 (cvhv-2) was originally isolated from reindeer in finland but the impact of cvhv-2 infections on reindeer remains unclear. cvhv-2 infection could be partly responsible for calf losses as there are indications that it is associated with abortions and neonatal diseases. previous serosurveys of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) have shown that an alphaherpesvirus is circulating among reindeer in no ... | 2009 | 19604658 |
| cervid herpesvirus 2, the primary agent in an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semidomesticated reindeer. | an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) occurred in semidomesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in troms county, norway, in february 2009. twenty-eight animals with clinical symptoms and 12 apparently healthy animals were investigated. they ranged in age from calves of the year to 4-year-old animals (mean, 1.9 years; standard deviation, +/-0.9). the seroprevalence of antibodies against cervid herpesvirus 2 (cvhv2) was 86% in animals with ikc and 42% in unaffected animals. ... | 2009 | 19726598 |
| comparison of accuracy of ultrasonography, progesterone, and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein tests for pregnancy diagnosis in semidomesticated reindeer. | the aim of the study was to compare transrectal ultrasound with progesterone (p4) and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (pags) as pregnancy detection methods for semidomesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in field conditions. female reindeer (n=195) were scanned transrectally by a 7.5-mhz linear array transducer, and blood was sampled either in december 2005 (n=33), december 2006 (n=92), or january 2007 (n=70) during early or mid gestation. plasma levels of p4 and pags were assessed ... | 2009 | 19775741 |
| experimental infection of reindeer with cervid herpesvirus 2. | cervid herpesvirus 2 (cvhv2) has been isolated from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus), and serological data indicate that in reindeer this virus is endemic in fennoscandia, alaska, canada, and greenland. cvhv2 has been described as a cause of subclinical genital infections in reindeer, but little information on primary infections exists. in this study, six seronegative and presumably pregnant reindeer were allocated to one of two groups. two animals were inoculated with cvhv2 intratracheally ... | 2009 | 19846680 |
| the genome of pseudocowpoxvirus: comparison of a reindeer isolate and a reference strain. | parapoxviruses (ppv), of the family poxviridae, cause a pustular cutaneous disease in sheep and goats (orf virus, orfv) and cattle (pseudocowpoxvirus, pcpv and bovine papular stomatitis virus, bpsv). here, we present the first genomic sequence of a reference strain of pcpv (vr634) along with the genomic sequence of a ppv (f00.120r) isolated in finland from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). the f00.120r and vr634 genomes are 135 and 145 kb in length and contain 131 and 134 putative genes, re ... | 2010 | 20107016 |
| digital necrobacillosis in norwegian wild tundra reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | outbreaks of digital necrobacillosis in norwegian wild tundra reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) are described. the outbreaks occurred in late summer and autumn 2007 and 2008, subsequent to periods with an unusually high number of days with precipitation and high air temperature. lesions were generally restricted to one foot and the disease incidence was highest in calves. single limbs from 20 animals and six whole carcasses were submitted for laboratory examination. gross lesions were charac ... | 2010 | 20156626 |
| lymphatic dwelling filarioid nematodes in reindeer rangifer tarandus tarandus, (cervidae) in finland, identified as rumenfilaria andersoni lankester & snider, 1982 (nematoda: onchocercidae: splendidofilariinae). | a filarioid nematode inhabiting the lymphatic vessels of the subserosal rumen and mesenteries associated with a high prevalence of its microfilariae in peripheral blood was observed in finnish reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in 2004 and 2006. adult specimens were collected by dissecting lymphatic vessels from slaughtered animals, where some of the nematodes were seen through the wall of the dilated vessels as thin white winding threads obscuring the vessel. the morphology of adult worms an ... | 2010 | 20387735 |
| parasitism of the deer ked, lipoptena cervi, on the moose, alces alces, in eastern finland. | the deer ked, lipoptena cervi l. (diptera: hippoboscidae), is an ectoparasitic fly that spread to finland in the early 1960s from the southeast across the soviet border. it is currently a common parasite of the moose, alces alces (artiodactyla: cervidae), in the southern part of the country and its area of distribution is gradually spreading to finnish lapland, where it will come into contact with another potential cervid host, the semi-domesticated reindeer, rangifer tarandus tarandus. the aim ... | 2010 | 20868432 |
| polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), dibenzofurans (pcdfs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in finnish semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.). | to explore the concentrations and dynamics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (pcdd/fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in finnish semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) the reindeer milk and tissue samples were collected from the sub-arctic northern finland. reindeer milk's pcb sum (1.20 ng g(-1) wet weight) and pcdd/f sum (0.70 pg g(-1) ww) in autumn were higher than in summer (pcbs 0.50 ng g(-1) ww and pcdd/f ... | 2010 | 21040976 |
| experimental infection of the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) has no negative effects on the physiology of the captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) is a haematophagous parasitic fly of cervids that spread to finland in the early 1960's. presently its northern distribution limit lies at approximately 65°n and it is gradually spreading northwards. in finland the principal host species has been the moose (alces alces), but the deer ked is about to establish contact with another potential host, the semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) causing possible threats to reindeer health and management. t ... | 2011 | 21439734 |
| effective immobilizing doses of medetomidine-ketamine in free-ranging, wild norwegian reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | combinations of medetomidine and ketamine were evaluated in free-ranging, wild norwegian reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) as part of a reintroduction program in southwestern norway in november 1995 and november 1996. the drugs were administered by dart from a helicopter. the mean (sd) effective immobilizing doses for 29 adults (8 males, 21 females) were 0.21 (0.04) mg medetomidine/kg and 1.0 (0.2) mg ketamine/ kg based on estimated body mass. there was no significant difference in mean indu ... | 2011 | 21719847 |
| development of a signature probe targeting the 16s-23s rrna internal transcribed spacer of a ruminal ruminococcus flavefaciens isolate from reindeer. | the cellulolytic ruminococcus flavefaciens has previously been introduced into the ruminant rumen to increase microbial degradation of plant cell wall carbohydrates. the functional effect of an introduced bacterium depends on its ability to establish in the digestive tract, and signature probes can be used as a tool to track and quantify introduced strains. the purpose of this current study was to develop an oligonucleotide signature probe targeting the 16s-23s rrna internal transcribed spacer ( ... | 2011 | 21831789 |
| carcass composition and yield of alaskan reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) steers and effects of electrical stimulation applied during field slaughter on meat quality. | twenty six adult reindeer steers (>3 years old) were used in a study to evaluate the effect of electrical stimulation (es) on the quality of hot-boned, rapidly frozen shoulder meat and of the striploin (m. longissimus, ld) from carcasses held at +3°c for 48h. carcass yield and composition was determined from the left carcass half from which the shoulder meat was not removed. the shoulder meat was processed frozen into cubed, sliced or ground products. proximate composition of the ld, meat color ... | 2008 | 22062269 |
| proteolysis and tenderisation in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) bull longissimus thoracis muscle of varying ultimate ph. | proteolysis and tenderisation in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) m. longissimus thoracis were studied. mm. longissimus ( the part cut out between vertebrae thoracales 6-7 and vertebrae lumbales 5-6) from 12 reindeer bulls (age 1 1 2 years) were, after ultimate ph and temperature measurements, excised and then sampled at various times post mortem for determination of sarcomere length, warner-bratzler shear force, calpain and calpastatin activities, cathepsins b + l activities, active si ... | 1997 | 22061843 |
| Pestivirus and alphaherpesvirus infections in Swedish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.). | Herding semi-domesticated reindeer has economic and social value for Sami people in the northern territories of Fennoscandia. However, with the intensification of reindeer husbandry, interspecies transmission of pathogens between reindeer and domestic animals may become a problem, especially for countries such as Sweden, Norway, and Finland where pestivirus and alphaherpesvirus have been eradicated in domestic ruminants. This study, which included 1158 Swedish reindeer, showed relatively high pr ... | 2011 | 22078277 |
| fatty acid composition of m. longissimus lumborum, ultimate muscle ph values and carcass parameters in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l) grazed on natural pasture or fed a commercial feed mixture. | the effects of feeding regimen on the fatty acid composition of m. longissimus, ultimate ph values in three muscles (mm. longissimus, triceps brachii and biceps femoris) and carcass quality were studied in15 reindeer bulls. nine animals came from natural pasture and six had been fed a pelleted commercial feed mixture for two months prior to slaughter. the pellet fed reindeer had significantly better carcass grading scores (europ conformation), higher trim fat content, more intramuscular fat and ... | 2001 | 22062259 |
| muscle glycogen levels and blood metabolites in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) after transport and lairage. | a total of 66 reindeer cows and calves were included in a study on the effects of supplementary feeding, transport and lairage on muscle glycogen content, ultimate ph and blood metabolite values. thirty reindeer (10 not transported, 20 transported 800 km) received no supplementary feed (groups a-c), another 30 animals (10 not transported, 20 transported 1000 km) were given a supplementary reindeer feed mixture 2 months prior to slaughter (groups d-f) and six animals, which had been part of a fee ... | 1996 | 22060679 |
| ultrastructural changes during aging in m. longissimus thoracis from moose and reindeer. | game meat is commonly consumed in europe but few studies have examined the quality related parameters. in this study we examined the changes in ultrastructure at four times postmortem in m. longissimus from moose (alces alces) and reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). the moose were slaughtered during a hunt and reindeer by swedish standard practices for this semi-domestic animal. ultrastructural changes occurring in all animals included separation of the sarcolemma from myofibrils, i band brea ... | 2002 | 22063633 |
| herding conditions related to infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semi-domesticated reindeer: a questionnaire-based survey among reindeer herders. | infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) in eurasian semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) is a multifactorial disease, associated to infectious agents such as cervid herpesvirus 2 (cvhv2) and various species of bacteria, but environmental factors may also be necessary to initiate the disease. little effort seems to have been invested in addressing the herder`s experience with this disease. an information letter with a link to an online questionnaire was sent to 410 herding commun ... | 2015 | 27068819 |
| mycoplasma ovipneumoniae--a primary cause of severe pneumonia epizootics in the norwegian muskox (ovibos moschatus) population. | the norwegian muskox (ovibos moschatus) population lives on the high mountain plateau of dovre and originates from animals introduced from greenland. in the late summers of 2006 and 2012, severe outbreaks of pneumonia with mortality rates of 25-30% occurred. during the 2012 epidemic high quality samples from culled sick animals were obtained for microbiological and pathological examinations. high throughput sequencing (pyrosequencing) of pneumonic lung tissue revealed high concentrations of myco ... | 2014 | 25198695 |
| blood collected on filter paper for wildlife serology: detecting antibodies to neospora caninum, west nile virus, and five bovine viruses in reindeer. | we compared nobuto filter paper (fp) whole-blood samples to serum for detecting antibodies to seven pathogens in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). serum and fp samples were collected from captive reindeer in 2008-2009. sample pairs (serum and fp eluates) were assayed in duplicate at diagnostic laboratories with the use of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (celisas) for neospora caninum and west nile virus (wnv); indirect elisa (ielisas) for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), pa ... | 2014 | 24484497 |
| evidence of alphaherpesvirus infections in alaskan caribou and reindeer. | the reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) industry in alaska began with animals imported from siberia (russia) in the 1890's. cervid herpes virus 2 (cvhv2) is endemic in reindeer in scandinavia. we sought to determine if the same virus, or similar herpesviruses, were circulating in alaskan reindeer and caribou (rangifer tarandus granti). serum samples from 292 reindeer were collected during annual reindeer handlings (1988-2005) near nome, alaska. in 2005, swab samples were collected from 40 calv ... | 2012 | 22243919 |
| the reindeer abomasal nematode (ostertagia gruehneri) is naturally transmitted to sheep when sharing pastures. | the increasing number of sheep (ovis aries) in northern finland, often alternately corralled with winter-fed reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus), creates potential for cross-infection of gastrointestinal nematodes. the aim of this study was to elucidate this possibility with 43 animals. eleven reindeer and 8 sheep had shared a corral by turns, reindeer during winters, and sheep in summers. another 12 reindeer had no known contact with sheep. twelve sheep had no close contact to other ruminants ... | 2014 | 25106839 |
| experimental oral transmission of chronic wasting disease to reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids, remains prevalent in north american elk, white-tailed deer and mule deer. a natural case of cwd in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) has not been reported despite potential habitat overlap with cwd-infected deer or elk herds. this study investigates the experimental transmission of cwd from elk or white-tailed deer to reindeer by the oral route of inoculation. ante-mortem testing of the three reindeer expose ... | 2012 | 22723928 |
| a nearctic parasite in a palearctic host: parelaphostrongylus andersoni (nematoda; protostrongylidae) infecting semi-domesticated reindeer in alaska. | parelaphostrongylus andersoni is a muscle-dwelling protostrongylid nematode that infects caribou and white-tailed deer across north america, and can cause significant muscular and pulmonary pathology in these species. we collected 44 fecal samples from semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) from the kakarak herd of western seward peninsula, alaska, usa. this herd has no record of historical contact and extremely limited possibility of contemporary contact with native grant's car ... | 2013 | 24533324 |
| presence of foodborne pathogens, extended-spectrum β-lactamase -producing enterobacteriaceae, and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in slaughtered reindeer in northern finland and norway. | various food-producing animals were recognized in recent years as healthy carriers of bacterial pathogens causing human illness. in northern fennoscandia, the husbandry of semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) is a traditional livelihood and meat is the main product. this study determined the presence of selected foodborne pathogens, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae in healthy semi-domestic ... | 2017 | 28049493 |
| divergent parasite faunas in adjacent populations of west greenland caribou: natural and anthropogenic influences on diversity. | gastrointestinal parasite diversity was characterised for two adjacent populations of west greenland caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) through examinations of abomasa and small intestines collected from adult and subadult females during late winter. three trichostrongyline (trichostrongylina: nematoda) species were identified from the abomasa, although none were recovered from the small intestines, with faunal composition differing between the caribou populations. in caribou from kangerl ... | 2013 | 24533335 |
| an unusual presentation of mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis infection in a captive tundra reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | this report describes an unusual presentation of paratuberculosis in a captive, 4-year-old female tundra reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). the gross and histological presentation was consistent with clinical paratuberculosis as previously reported for other ruminants, with poor body condition, subcutaneous oedema, granulomatous ileitis (multibacillary), mesenteric lymphadenitis and hepatitis. however, this animal also presented with unusual lung lesions, with necrosis and mineralization sim ... | 2013 | 23290384 |
| experimental parapoxvirus infection (contagious ecthyma) in semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | contagious ecthyma (contagious pustular dermatitis, orf) occurs world-wide in sheep and goats and is caused by orf virus (genus parapoxvirus, family poxviridae). contagious ecthyma outbreaks have been described in semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in sweden, finland and norway, occasionally with high mortality. fourteen one-year-old reindeer were corralled in mid-april. one week after arrival, two animals received a commercial live orf virus vaccine for sheep (scabivax(®)) ... | 2013 | 23201244 |
| parasites, stress and reindeer: infection with abomasal nematodes is not associated with elevated glucocorticoid levels in hair or faeces. | stress hormones (glucocorticoids), incorporated into hair/fur and faeces, have been proposed as biomarkers of overall health in wildlife. although such biomarkers may be helpful for wildlife conservation and management, their use has rarely been validated. there is a paucity of studies examining the variation of stress hormones in mammals and how they relate to other health measures, such as parasitism. parasites are ubiquitous in wildlife and can influence the fitness of individual animals and ... | 2016 | 27957334 |
| conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in a reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | an 8-year-old female adult reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) was referred to the veterinary hospital of madrid for evaluation of a conjunctival mass on the left eye which had been present for about 2 months. a surgical excision was performed and biopsy material submitted for light microscopic evaluation which confirmed the diagnosis of conjuctival squamous cell carcinoma. nuclear p53 immunolabeling was found in 52% of the neoplastic cells. follow-up examination at 12 months postsurgery did n ... | 2013 | 23121493 |
| level of selected toxic elements in meat, liver, tallow and bone marrow of young semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) from northern norway. | to gain knowledge on toxic elements in semi-domesticated reindeer and their distribution in meat, liver, tallow and bone marrow. the correlations between concentrations in meat and liver, as well as the use of the latter as an indicator for toxic elements in meat, were also investigated. | 2012 | 22564461 |
| selected vitamins and essential elements in meat from semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) in mid- and northern norway: geographical variations and effect of animal population density. | meat samples (n = 100) were collected from semi-domesticated reindeer originating from 10 grazing districts in norway. we aimed at studying concentrations, correlations, geographical variations and the effect of animal population density on vitamins a, b3, b7, b12 and e, and calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, chromium and cobalt. mean concentrations of vitamins a, b3, b7; b12 and e were <5 µg, 6.6 mg, <0.5 µg, 4.7 µg and 0.5 mg/100 g wet weight, respectively. concentrations of calcium, iron, zinc, s ... | 2012 | 22852060 |
| theileriosis in a reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) associated with a potentially novel theileria sp. | a 5-year-old male neutered reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) from missouri was presented with a 3-week history of anorexia, respiratory distress, lethargy, and weight loss. blood smear review revealed that a small percentage of rbcs contained small (1-2 μm in length) pleomorphic piroplasms (signet ring, rod- or pear-shaped, and elongate forms) with an eccentric magenta nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm. nested pcr to specifically amplify a portion of the piroplasm small subunit ribosomal rna ... | 2012 | 23025520 |
| a new eimeria species (protozoa: eimeriidae) from caribou in ameralik, west greenland. | fecal samples of 11 calves shot in the ameralik area, west greenland, in august-september 2014 were examined for coccidian parasites. the calves belonged to a population of interbreeding indigenous caribou rangifer tarandus groenlandicus and feral semi-domestic norwegian reindeer rangifer tarandus tarandus. two coccidian species were found: eimeria rangiferis and a coccidium that was identified and described as a new species. the latter's sporulated oocyst is spherical or slightly subspherical. ... | 2016 | 26758447 |
| clinical outbreak of babesiosis caused by babesia capreoli in captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the netherlands. | from a herd of captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) consisting of two males and seven females with five calves, three calves were diagnosed on post mortem examination with a babesia capreoli infection. the diagnosis was indicated by pcr and when the other reindeer were examined two adult females and a one-year-old male were babesia-positive. molecular characterization of the 18s rdna of the parasite showed complete identity with known b. capreoli sequences. ixodes ricinus has been demon ... | 2017 | 28648772 |
| cervid herpesvirus 2 and not moraxella bovoculi caused keratoconjunctivitis in experimentally inoculated semi-domesticated eurasian tundra reindeer. | infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) is a transmissible disease in semi-domesticated eurasian reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). it is regarded as multifactorial and a single causative pathogen has not yet been identified. from clinical outbreaks we have previously identified cervid herpesvirus 2 (cvhv2) and moraxella bovoculi as candidates for experimental investigations. eighteen reindeer were inoculated in the right eye with cvhv2 (n = 5), m. bovoculi (n = 5), cvhv2 and m. bovoculi (n = ... | 2017 | 28438213 |
| meat inspection of reindeer - a rich source of data for monitoring food safety and animal and environmental health in sweden. | background: this study scrutinized carcass conditions recorded in post mortem inspections (pmi) of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus, l.) during 2015-2016 because of the importance for monitoring food safety and animal and environmental health threats. material and methods: pmi results were retrieved from the national food agency. a negative binomial regression model was applied. for actual parameters, incident risk rate (irr) with confidence intervals was calculated. results and discussion: ... | 2017 | 28811870 |
| high female mortality resulting in herd collapse in free-ranging domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in sweden. | reindeer herding in sweden is a form of pastoralism practised by the indigenous sámi population. the economy is mainly based on meat production. herd size is generally regulated by harvest in order not to overuse grazing ranges and keep a productive herd. nonetheless, herd growth and room for harvest is currently small in many areas. negative herd growth and low harvest rate were observed in one of two herds in a reindeer herding community in central sweden. the herds (a and b) used the same ran ... | 2014 | 25356591 |
| babesia odocoilei as a cause of mortality in captive cervids in canada. | nine cases of fatal infection with babesia odocoilei were confirmed in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and elk (cervus canadensis) housed in zoological institutions located in southern quebec, ontario, and manitoba, canada between 2013 and 2016. all animals died of a hemolytic crisis. frequent postmortem findings were extensive hemorrhage, pigmenturia, and intrahepatic cholestasis. the described ante- and postmortem signs are consistent with those of previously reported cases in the united ... | 2018 | 29302103 |
| acute impacts of the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) infestation on reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) behaviour. | blood-sucking ectoparasites have often a strong impact on the behaviour of their hosts. the annual insect harassment of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) has increased in the southern part of the finnish reindeer herding area because of the recent invasion of a blood-feeding ectoparasitic louse-fly, the deer ked (lipoptena cervi). we studied the impact of the deer ked on the behaviour of reindeer. twelve reindeer were infested with a total of 300 keds/reindeer on six occasions in a 5-week pe ... | 2014 | 24562815 |
| gammaherpesvirus infection in semidomesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus): a cross-sectional, serologic study in northern norway. | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) is caused by a group of gammaherpesviruses that primarily affect domestic and wild ruminants. using competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we screened 3,339 apparently healthy, semidomesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) from finnmark county, norway, sampled during slaughter. the overall antibody prevalence was 3.5% and varied among reindeer herding districts in finnmark (0-6.7%), the largest reindeer herding region in norway. the ris ... | 2013 | 23568901 |