| exogenous nitrate induces root branching and inhibits primary root growth in capsicum chinense jacq. | the effects of nitrate (no₃⁻) on the root system are complex and depend on several factors, such as the concentration available to the plant, endogenous nitrogen status and the sensitivity of the species. though these effects have been widely documented on arabidopsis and cereals, no reports are available in the capsicum genus. in this paper, we have determined the effect of an exogenous in vitro application of this nutrient on root growth in habanero pepper (capsicum chinense jacq.). exposure t ... | 2011 | 22078384 |
| methyl jasmonate induces extracellular pathogenesis-related proteins in cell cultures of capsicum chinense. | suspension cultured cells of capsicum chinense secrete proteins to the culture medium in both control conditions and under methyl jasmonate treatment. the exogenous application of methyl jasmonate induced the accumulation of putative pathogenesis-related proteins, class i chitinase, leucin-rich repeat protein, ntprp27-like protein and pectinesterase which were also found in suspension cultured cells of c. annuum elicited with methyl jasmonate. however, a germin-like protein, which has never been ... | 2011 | 21346408 |
| phospholipidic signaling and vanillin production in response to salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate in capsicum chinense j. cells. | the phospholipidic signal transduction system involves generation of second messengers by hydrolysis or changes in phosphorylation state. several studies have shown that the signaling pathway forms part of plant response to phytoregulators such as salicylic acid (sa) and methyl jasmonate (mj), which have been widely used to stimulate secondary metabolite production in cell cultures. an evaluation was made of the effect of sa and mj on phospholipidic signaling and capsaicinoid production in capsi ... | 2011 | 21147536 |
| characterization and genetic analysis of a low-temperature-sensitive mutant, sy-2, in capsicum chinense. | a temperature-sensitive mutant of capsicum chinense, sy-2, shows a normal developmental phenotype when grown above 24°c. however, when grown at 20°c, sy-2 exhibits developmental defects, such as chlorophyll deficiency and shrunken leaves. to understand the underlying mechanism of this temperature-dependent response, phenotypic characterization and genetic analysis were performed. the results revealed abnormal chloroplast structures and cell collapse in leaves of the sy-2 plants grown at 20°c. mo ... | 2011 | 20886202 |
| capsaicin accumulation is related to nitrate content in placentas of habanero peppers (capsicum chinense jacq.). | the presence of capsaicin, the pungent principle of peppers, is restricted to the fruits of hot cultivars. this compound, which is produced in the fruits' placenta, requires 3 mol of nitrogen to be formed. hence nitrogen availability may affect pepper pungency through its content in the fruit tissues. on the other hand, potassium may also affect pepper pungency given its positive effect on fruit development. in order to address this issue, plants of habanero pepper (capsicum chinense jacq.) were ... | 2010 | 20355110 |
| antioxidants in capsicum chinense: variation among countries of origin. | the main objective of this investigation was to evaluate fruits of c. chinense accessions for their concentration of beta -carotene, ascorbic acid, and phenols for use as parents in breeding for these phytochemicals. mature fruits of 63 accessions of c. chinense originally acquired from belize, brazil, colombia, ecuador, mexico, peru, puerto rico, and the united states were analyzed for their chemical composition. fruits of c. chinense accessions pi-152452 (brazil) and pi-360726 (ecuador) contai ... | 2009 | 20183071 |
| genetic control of agronomically important traits of pepper fruits analyzed by hayman's partial diallel cross scheme. | pepper species of the genus capsicum have been cultivated over centuries, producing both pungent and sweet fruit; the pungency is caused by alkaloids called capsaicinoids. among the five cultivated species, capsicum chinense is one of the most popular, being native to the amazon basin. this species is characterized by a wide variety of fruit sizes, shapes and colors, with different capsaicinoid content. in addition, fruits are rich in vitamins a and c. despite the importance of this plant as a s ... | 2010 | 20092041 |
| [do capsicum spp. trichomes influence the biological aspects of the broad mite, polyphagotarsonemus latus banks (acari: tarsonemidae)?]. | plant morphology traits can affect the feeding preference, oviposition choice and the vulnerability of herbivores to natural enemies. at long term, these plant variations may influence herbivore population dynamics due to the interference on their development, survival and reproduction. in this paper, the development of the broad mite polyphagotarsonemus latus (banks) was evaluated on five species of capsicum with different density of trichomes. we tested the hypothesis that p. latus population ... | 2009 | 19943005 |
| two new acyclic diterpene glycosides from fruits of habanero, capsicum chinense. | four acyclic diterpene glycosides were extracted from habanero, the fruits of capsicum chinense jacq., which is known as one of the hottest peppers in existence. two of these glycosides were identified as capsianoside xiii and capsianoside xv. the other two were new ones and were characterized as 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl 17,19-dihydroxy-6e,10e,14z-(3s)-geranyllinalool 17-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-[alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta- ... | 2009 | 19571420 |
| dramatic changes in leaf development of the native capsicum chinense from the seychelles at temperatures below 24 degrees c. | when a pepper cultivar (capsicum chinense cv. seychelles-2, sy-2) native to the seychelles was grown in japan, all seedlings showed seasonal developmental abnormalities such as development of abnormally shaped leaves. other pepper cultivars grew well in all seasons while the growth of cv. sy-2 was stunted. in this study, we first examined the effects of various changes in temperature and photoperiod on the cv. sy-2 phenotype. the results showed that temperatures lower than 24 degrees c led to th ... | 2009 | 19536608 |
| variability for free sugars and organic acids in capsicum chinense. | variability in the concentrations of the chemical constituents that contribute to fruit flavor in capsicum chinense is poorly documented in the scientific literature. we surveyed fruit of 216 landraces and cultivated varieties of capsicum chinense acquired from north, central, and south america, and analyzed these for concentrations of the simple sugars sucrose, glucose, and fructose, and citric, malic, succinic, fumaric, and ascorbic acids. concentrations (mg/100 g fresh weight (fw) of whole fr ... | 2009 | 19235156 |
| pungency in capsicum chinense: variation among countries of origin. | fruits of 63 accessions of capsicum chinense jacq. from the usda/ars capsicum germplasm collection were analyzed for two major capsaicinoids, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, using gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detection (gc/npd). the objectives of the present investigation were: (i) to quantify the major capsaicinoids (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin) in fruits of capsicum chinense accessions and (ii) to identify accessions containing great concentrations of capsaicinoids among coun ... | 2009 | 19130376 |
| development of a simple extraction procedure for chlorpyrifos determination in food samples by immunoassay. | the suitability of immunoassay methodology for rapid and accurate determination of chlorpyrifos in vegetables was tested. the optimised elisa detection limit was 0.32ng/ml, with a working range from 0.69 to 6.21ng/ml and an immunoassay test-mid point (ic(50)) of 2.08ng/ml. a rapid sample preparation procedure considering different parameters such as the amount of sample, volume of extractant, extraction time and dilution factor was optimised. the developed direct extraction (de) and multiresidue ... | 2007 | 19071405 |
| screening capsicum accessions for capsaicinoids content. | ninety capsicum accessions selected from the usda capsicum germplasm collection were screened for their capsaicinoids content using gas hromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detection (gc/npd). fresh fruits of capsicum chinense, c. frutescens, c. baccatum, c. annuum, and c. pubescens were extracted with methanol and analyzed for capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and nordihydrocapsaicin. mass spectrometry of the fruit crude extracts indicated that the molecular ions at m/z 305, 307, and 293, which co ... | 2006 | 16785178 |
| isolation and characterization of a lipid transfer protein expressed in ripening fruit of capsicum chinense. | a novel ltp (ccltp) from a capsicum chinense cv habanero was isolated from a fruit-specific ssh library. while this gene shares similarity with other ltps, it is considerably larger than any lipid transfer protein reported to date and has a neutral predicted pi. ccltp is consistently expressed in seedlings from three capsicum species. it is also present at very high levels in ripening and mature fruit in c. chinense, but not in fruit of any c. annuum or c. frutescens varieties examined. we have ... | 2006 | 16177913 |
| a gh3-like gene, ccgh3, isolated from capsicum chinense l. fruit is regulated by auxin and ethylene. | auxin, which has been implicated in multiple biochemical and physiological processes, elicits three classes of genes (aux/iaas, saurs and gh3s) that have been characterized by their early or primary responses to the hormone. a new gh3-like gene was identified from a suppressive subtraction hybridization (ssh) library of pungent pepper (capsicum chinense l.) cdnas. this gene, ccgh3, possessed several auxin- and ethylene-inducible elements in the putative promoter region. upon further investigatio ... | 2005 | 16021332 |
| isolation of cdna clones differentially accumulated in the placenta of pungent pepper by suppression subtractive hybridization. | capsaicinoids responsible for pungency of chili pepper are synthesized exclusively in the placenta tissue of the fruit. as an elementary step in the molecular genetics study of capsaicinoid biosynthesis, a cdna library was constructed from the placenta of a highly pungent pepper, capsicum chinense cv. habanero using the suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh). thirty-nine cdna clones from about 400 subtracted clones were selected through dot blot analysis and according to their nucleotides s ... | 2001 | 11355703 |
| investigation of spatial trends and neurochemical impacts of mercury in herring gulls across the laurentian great lakes. | herring gulls (larus argentatus) bioaccumulate mercury (hg) but it is unknown whether they are exposed at levels of neurological concern. here we studied brain tissues from gulls at five great lakes colonies and one non-great lakes colony during spring of 2001 and 2003. total brain hg concentrations ranged from 0.14 to 2.0 microg/g (dry weight) with a mean of 0.54 microg/g. gulls from scotch bonnet island, on the easternmost edge of the great lakes, had significantly higher brain hg than other c ... | 2010 | 20641170 |
| comprehensive re-analysis of archived herring gull eggs reconstructs historical temporal trends in chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination in lake ontario and green bay, lake michigan, 1971-1982. | herring gull egg homogenates collected between 1971 and 1982 from a colony in central lake ontario (scotch bonnet island) and from a colony in central green bay, lake michigan (big sister island) were archived in the canadian wildlife service specimen bank. pooled samples (n = 10) were exhaustively analyzed in 1993 for a wide range of individual chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminant (chc) compounds: ddt, mirex and chlordane compounds and metabolites, chlorobenzenes (cbzs), dieldrin, chlorostyrenes ... | 2006 | 16896467 |
| immunoreactivity of arcuate nucleus astrocytes in rats after intragastric administration of habanero peppers (capsicum chinese jacq.). | habanero pepper fruits contain capsaicin (cap) characterised by a spicy taste. astrocytes express vanilloid receptor (trpv1), which interacts with cannabinoids including cap. only a few studies revealed that cap leads to alterations of the arcuate nucleus (arc) structures. the aim of this study was to analyse the gfap (gfap-ir) and s100β (s100β-ir) immunoreactive astrocytes of arc in adult rats after intragastric administration of habanero pepper fruits. adult, wistar rats received a peanut oil ... | 0 | 28092615 |
| foliar spray with vermiwash modifies the arbuscular mycorrhizal dependency and nutrient stoichiometry of bhut jolokia (capsicum assamicum). | vermiwash (vw), a liquid extract obtained from vermicomposting beds, is used as an organic fertilizer for crop plants. the current study investigated the effect of a vermiwash foliar spray on the response of bhut jolokia (capsicum assamicum) exposed to two different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf: rhizophagus irregularis, ri and g. mosseae, gm) in acidic soil under naturally ventilated greenhouse conditions. the vw spray significantly influenced the growth of plants receiving the dual treatme ... | 2014 | 24651577 |
| growth kinetics of escherichia coli o157:h7 on the epicarp of fresh vegetables and fruits. | despite the increasing reports on the incidence of fresh vegetables and fruits as a possible vehicle for human pathogens, there is currently limited knowledge on the growth potential of escherichia coli o157:h7 on different plant substrates. this study analyzed the selective adhesion and growth of e. coli o157:h7 on chili habanero (capsicum chinense l.), cucumber (cucumis sativus), radish (raphanus sativus), tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), beet (beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris), and onion (alliu ... | 2018 | 29037503 |
| multiple genetic resistances in capsicum spp. | this study aimed to identify capsicum genotypes with resistance to bacterial spot (bs), anthracnose and pepper yellow mosaic virus (pepymv). fifty-four genotypes of capsicum spp were evaluated. resistance reaction against bs was evaluated using three replicates, testing hypersensitivity and quantitative resistance in leaves. after evaluation, inoculated leaves were detached from the plants, being then cultivated until reproductive stage for evaluations anthracnose resistance in immature and matu ... | 2017 | 28973768 |
| fine mapping of the dominant potyvirus resistance gene pvr7 reveals a relationship with pvr4 in capsicum annuum. | pepper mottle virus (pepmov) is the most common potyvirus infection of pepper plants and causes significant yield losses. the pvr7 gene from capsicum chinense pi159236 and the pvr4 gene from c. annuum cm334 both have been reported to confer dominant resistance to pepmov. the pvr7 locus conferring resistance to pepmov in c. annuum '9093' was previously mapped to chromosome 10. to develop a high-resolution map of the pvr7 locus in 9093, we constructed an intraspecific f2 mapping population consist ... | 2018 | 28945517 |
| protective effect of capsaicin against methyl methanesulphonate induced toxicity in the third instar larvae of transgenic drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacz)bg9. | capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is the main component in hot peppers, including red chili peppers, jalapenos, and habanero, belonging to the genus capsicum. capsaicin is a potent antioxidant that interferes with free radical activities. in the present study, the possible protective effect of capsaicin was studied against methyl methanesulphonate (mms) induced toxicity in third instar larvae of transgenic drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacz)bg9. the third instar was allowed to ... | 2017 | 28527512 |
| variability in capsaicinoid content and scoville heat ratings of commercially grown jalapeño, habanero and bhut jolokia peppers. | the variability of capsaicinoid content of three common, commercially-available hot pepper varieties, namely jalapeño, habanero and bhut jolokia, was investigated. for each variety tested, ten peppers were acquired from each of ten different suppliers resulting in 100 peppers per variety that were individually analyzed. the results showed that different pepper varieties had different distribution types. the habanero peppers showed a normal distribution; the bhut jolokia showed a skewed distribut ... | 2016 | 27211688 |
| a comparative study of the capsaicinoid and phenolic contents and in vitro antioxidant activities of the peppers of the genus capsicum: an application of chemometrics. | this paper presents a comparison of the contents of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and total phenolics as well as of the antioxidant activities of six types of peppers of the genus capsicum. the varieties were analyzed in terms of their in vitro antioxidant activity using ferric reducing antioxidant powder (frap), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) and 2,2'-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate (abts(●+)) assays. the contents of phenolics and capsainoids as well as the antioxidant activitie ... | 2015 | 26604381 |
| influence of water stresses on capsaicinoid production in hot pepper (capsicum chinense jacq.) cultivars with different pungency levels. | although water stress reduces fruit yield, it also increases capsaicinoid accumulation in hot pepper. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different water regimes on capsaicinoid production in capsicum chinense jacq. having different pungency levels. four hot pepper (c. chinense) cultivars were planted with four water regimes after anthesis: daily irrigation (control; s1), every 2 days (s2), every 3 days (s3) and every 4 days (s4). the results found that akanee pirote with the ... | 2018 | 29287443 |
| sweat bees on hot chillies: provision of pollination services by native bees in traditional slash-and-burn agriculture in the yucatán peninsula of tropical mexico. | traditional tropical agriculture often entails a form of slash-and-burn land management that may adversely affect ecosystem services such as pollination, which are required for successful crop yields. the yucatán peninsula of mexico has a >4000 year history of traditional slash-and-burn agriculture, termed 'milpa'. hot 'habanero' chilli is a major pollinator-dependent crop that nowadays is often grown in monoculture within the milpa system.we studied 37 local farmers' chilli fields (sites) to ev ... | 2017 | 29200497 |
| fast analysis of capsaicinoids in naga jolokia extracts (capsicum chinense) by high-performance liquid chromatography using fused core columns. | a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method with a c18 reverse-phase fused-core column has been developed for the determination and quantification of the main capsaicinoids (nornordihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin and homodihydrocapsaicin) present in naga jolokia peppers. a fused-core kinetex™ c18 column (50×2.1mm i.d.; 2.6μm) was used for the analysis. the chromatographic separation was obtained with a gradient method in which the mobile ... | 2018 | 28873562 |
| capsaicinoids, amino acid and fatty acid profiles in different fruit components of the world hottest naga king chilli (capsicum chinense jacq). | the world hottest naga king chilli is cultivated and consumed in northeast india. capsaicinoids, amino acids and fatty acids were studied in fruit and fruit components of naga king chilli. capsaicinoid content was increased in each ripening stage and maximum level was observed at red color fruits. total protein and fat content of placenta was 19.41 and 20.36% respectively. capsaicinoids of placenta (7.35±2.241%) was higher followed by seed (3.83±1.358%) and pericarp (2.91±0.667%). similarly, ess ... | 2018 | 28867101 |
| novel approaches to extraction methods in recovery of capsaicin from habanero pepper (cnph 15.192). | the objective of this study was to compare three capsaicin extraction methods: shoxlet, ultrasound-assisted extraction (uae), and shaker-assisted extraction (sae) from habanero pepper, cnph 15.192. | 2017 | 28808409 |
| direct online extraction and determination by supercritical fluid extraction with chromatography and mass spectrometry of targeted carotenoids from red habanero peppers (capsicum chinense jacq.). | recently, supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry has gained attention as a fast and useful technology applied to the carotenoids analysis. however, no reports are available in the literature on the direct online extraction and determination by supercritical fluid extraction with chromatography and mass spectrometry. the aim of this research was the development of an online method coupling supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical fluid chromatography for a detaile ... | 2017 | 28759173 |
| identification of colletotrichum isolates from capsicum chinense in amazon. | chili pepper (capsicum chinense) is a great economic important culture on the state of amazonas, and it represents, approximately, a production of 1.9 thousand tons per year. it is one of the hosts of colletotrichum genus in the north region of brazil. the aim of the study was to differentiate and to identify isolates of colletotrichum collected from c. chinense in amazon. molecular characterization, using rflp-pcr, eric-pcr and issr, was carried out initially for screening of morphologically si ... | 2017 | 28671253 |
| apocarotenoids determination in capsicum chinense jacq. cv. habanero, by supercritical fluid chromatography-triple-quadrupole/mass spectrometry. | relatively few studies are available in the literature on the apocarotenoids occurrence in food which are based on liquid chromatographic separation approaches and no reports are available on the apocarotenoids separation by sfc-apci (+/-)/qqq/ms. the dual purpose of this research was to investigate the apocarotenoids presence in red habanero peppers and to develop a novel sfc-apci(+/-)/qqq/ms methodology, using a novel fused-core c30 column, for the apocarotenoids detection in a fast and effici ... | 2017 | 28450012 |
| contents of capsaicinoids in chillies grown in denmark. | we have studied 15 different cultivars of chillies (capsicum var.) grown in temperate climate denmark and determined the contents of the four major capsaicinoids: capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, and homocapsaicin. from these contents we have, as commonly done for chillies, calculated the so-called pungency in scoville heat units in order to compare with previous studies from other climatical zones. for three of the investigated cultivars, serrano, habanero and bih jolokia, for ... | 2017 | 27979294 |
| esophageal rupture after ghost pepper ingestion. | the ghost pepper, or "bhut jolokia," is one of the hottest chili peppers in the world. ghost peppers have a measured "heat" of > 1,000,000 scoville heat units (shu), more than twice the strength of a habanero pepper. to our knowledge, no significant adverse effects of ghost pepper ingestion have been reported. | 2016 | 27693067 |
| pepper weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) preferences for specific pepper cultivars, plant parts, fruit colors, fruit sizes, and timing. | peppers (capsicum spp.) are an important crop in the usa, with about 32,000 ha cultivated in 2007, which resulted in $588 million in farm revenue. the pepper weevil, anthonomus eugenii cano (coleoptera: curculionidae), is the most troublesome insect pest of peppers in the southern united states. it is therefore urgent to find different vulnerabilities of pepper cultivars, fruit and plants parts, fruit colors and sizes, and timing to infestation by a. eugenii. also relevant is testing whether fru ... | 2016 | 26959066 |
| a nanovesicle topical formulation of bhut jolokia (hottest capsicum): a potential anti-arthritic medicine. | bhut jolokia is a capsicum variety indigenous to northeast india and is recognized as the hottest capsicum variety of the world. the ethnobotanical survey revealed that it has potential anti-arthritic activity but its topical adverse events restrict its usability. in the present study, the semipurified capsaicinoids extract of bhut jolokia was formulated as a topical formulation via ethosomal nanovesicle approach, which enhanced the acceptability. | 2014 | 24661126 |
| in-line phase shift tomosynthesis. | the purpose of this work is to (1) demonstrate laboratory measurements of phase shift images derived from in-line phase-contrast radiographs using the attenuation-partition based algorithm (apba) of yan et al. [opt. express 18(15), 16074-16089 (2010)], (2) verify that the apba reconstructed images obey the linearity principle, and (3) reconstruct tomosynthesis phase shift images from a collection of angularly sampled planar phase shift images. | 2013 | 23927325 |
| a splicing mutation in the gene encoding phytoene synthase causes orange coloration in habanero pepper fruits. | peppers (capsicum spp.) display a variety of fruit colors that are reflected by the composition and amount of diverse carotenoid pigments accumulated in the pericarp. three independent loci, c1, c2, and y, are known to determine the mature color of pepper fruits by their allelic combinations. we examined the inheritance of fruit color in recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from an interspecific cross between c. annuum cv. tf68 (red) and c. chinense cv. habanero (orange). the c2 gene encodes ... | 2010 | 21120629 |
| capsaicin may slow psa doubling time: case report and literature review. | capsaicin is the main pungent component of chili peppers. this is the first case, to our knowledge, that describes prostate-specific antigen (psa) stabilization in a patient with prostate cancer, who had biochemical failure after radiation therapy. a 66-year-old male underwent radiotherapy treatment for a t2b, gleason 7 (3+4) adenocarcinoma of the prostate, with a psa level of 13.3 ng/ml in april 2001. he had 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy of 46 gy in 23 fractions to the prostate and pelvi ... | 2010 | 20174488 |
| determination of capsaicinoids in habanero peppers by chemometric analysis of uv spectral data. | a novel spectrophotometric method for the determination of capsaicinoids in habanero pepper extracts is described that does not require prior analyte separation. the method uses partial-least-squares (pls-1) multivariate regression modeling techniques in conjunction with ordinary uv absorption spectral data obtained on alcoholic extracts of habanero peppers (capsicum chinese). the pls-1 regression models were developed by correlating the known total concentration of the two major capsaicinoids ( ... | 2007 | 17608494 |