| a review of mixed malaria species infections in anopheline mosquitoes. | in patients with malaria mixed species infections are common and under reported. in pcr studies conducted in asia mixed infection rates often exceed 20%. in south-east asia, approximately one third of patients treated for falciparum malaria experience a subsequent plasmodium vivax infection with a time interval suggesting relapse. it is uncertain whether the two infections are acquired simultaneously or separately. to determine whether mixed species infections in humans are derived from mainly f ... | 2011 | 21880138 |
| malaria control in bhutan: a case study of a country embarking on elimination. | abstract: background: bhutan has achieved a major reduction in malaria incidence amid multiple challenges. this case study seeks to characterize the bhutan malaria control programme over the last 10 years. methods: a review of the malaria epidemiology, control strategies, and elimination strategies employed in bhutan was carried out through a literature review of peer-reviewed and grey national and international literature with the addition of reviewing the surveillance and vector control recor ... | 2012 | 22230355 |
| cuticular lipid differences between the malaria vector and non-vector forms of the anopheles maculatus complex. | two chromosomal forms (e and f) of the anopheles maculatus theobald complex were distinguished by gas-liquid chromatographic (gc) analysis of cuticular lipids in association with a multivariate principal component analysis. the gc chromatogram obtained from n-hexane extracts of individual specimens showed no consistent qualitative differences in normalized peak areas between forms. of the seventeen consistent peaks, five were found to be quantitatively different between forms at a high (99.5-99. ... | 1998 | 2133007 |
| review of insecticide resistance and behavioral avoidance of vectors of human diseases in thailand. | physiological resistance and behavioral responses of mosquito vectors to insecticides are critical aspects of the chemical-based disease control equation. the complex interaction between lethal, sub-lethal and excitation/repellent ('excito-repellent') properties of chemicals is typically overlooked in vector management and control programs. the development of "physiological" resistance, metabolic and/or target site modifications, to insecticides has been well documented in many insect groups and ... | 2013 | 24294938 |
| climate change and spatiotemporal distributions of vector-borne diseases in nepal--a systematic synthesis of literature. | despite its largely mountainous terrain for which this himalayan country is a popular tourist destination, nepal is now endemic for five major vector-borne diseases (vbds), namely malaria, lymphatic filariasis, japanese encephalitis, visceral leishmaniasis and dengue fever. there is increasing evidence about the impacts of climate change on vbds especially in tropical highlands and temperate regions. our aim is to explore whether the observed spatiotemporal distributions of vbds in nepal can be ... | 2015 | 26086887 |
| comparative studies on the stenogamous and eurygamous behavior of eight anopheles species of the hyrcanus group (diptera: culicidae) in thailand. | establishment of laboratory colony is essential for mosquito-borne-disease research. mating behavior of stenogamous anopheles peditaeniatus and seven eurygamous species (anopheles argyropus, anopheles crawfordi, anopheles nigerrimus, anopheles nitidus, anopheles paraliae (=an. lesteri), anopheles pursati and anopheles sinensis), were investigated and compared in this study. the self-mating success of adult mosquitoes in different size cages at two density resting surface (drs) values, 3.6 and 7. ... | 2016 | 27023618 |
| field evaluation of picaridin repellents reveals differences in repellent sensitivity between southeast asian vectors of malaria and arboviruses. | scaling up of insecticide treated nets has contributed to a substantial malaria decline. however, some malaria vectors, and most arbovirus vectors, bite outdoors and in the early evening. therefore, topically applied insect repellents may provide crucial additional protection against mosquito-borne pathogens. among topical repellents, deet is the most commonly used, followed by others such as picaridin. the protective efficacy of two formulated picaridin repellents against mosquito bites, includ ... | 2014 | 25522134 |
| operational efficiency and sustainability of vector control of malaria and dengue: descriptive case studies from the philippines. | analysis is lacking on the management of vector control systems in disease-endemic countries with respect to the efficiency and sustainability of operations. | 2012 | 22873707 |
| species composition, seasonal occurrence, habitat preference and altitudinal distribution of malaria and other disease vectors in eastern nepal. | it is increasingly recognized that climate change can alter the geographical distribution of vector-borne diseases (vbds) with shifts of disease vectors to higher altitudes and latitudes. in particular, an increasing risk of malaria and dengue fever epidemics in tropical highlands and temperate regions has been predicted in different climate change scenarios. the aim of this paper is to expand the current knowledge on the seasonal occurrence and altitudinal distribution of malaria and other dise ... | 2014 | 25430654 |
| genetic compatibility between anopheles lesteri from korea and anopheles paraliae from thailand. | to assess differentiation and relationships between anopheles lesteri and anopheles paraliae we established three and five iso-female lines of an. lesteri from korea and an. paraliae from thailand, respectively. these isolines were used to investigate the genetic relationships between the two taxa by crossing experiments and by comparing dna sequences of ribosomal dna second internal transcribed spacer (its2) and mitochondrial dna cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) and subunit ii (coii). resul ... | 0 | 23778670 |
| a video clip of the biting midge culicoides anophelis ingesting blood from an engorged anopheles mosquito in hainan, china. | biting midges are hematophagus ectoparasites of insects, humans and other animals. culicoides (trithicoides) anophelis edwards1922 is a predator of engorged mosquitoes. | 2013 | 24499575 |
| a review of the mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) of bangladesh. | diseases caused by mosquito-borne pathogens remain an important source of morbidity and mortality in bangladesh. to better control the vectors that transmit the agents of disease, and hence the diseases they cause, and to appreciate the diversity of the family culicidae, it is important to have an up-to-date list of the species present in the country. original records were collected from a literature review to compile a list of the species recorded in bangladesh. | 2016 | 27770829 |
| cow-baited tents are highly effective in sampling diverse anopheles malaria vectors in cambodia. | the accurate monitoring and evaluation of malaria vectors requires efficient sampling. the objective of this study was to compare methods for sampling outdoor-biting anopheles mosquitoes in cambodia. | 2016 | 27577697 |
| species composition and diversity of malaria vector breeding habitats in trincomalee district of sri lanka. | mosquito larval ecology is important in determining larval densities and species assemblage. this in turn influences malaria transmission in an area. therefore, understanding larval habitat ecology is important in designing malaria control programs. | 2015 | 26583136 |
| impact of interventions on malaria in internally displaced persons along the china-myanmar border: 2011-2014. | internally displaced persons (idp) represent vulnerable populations whose public health conditions merit special attention. in the china-myanmar border area, human movement and resettlements of idp can influence malaria transmission. comparison of disease incidence and vector densities between idp camps and surrounding local villages allows for better understanding of current epidemiology and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in the region. | 2016 | 27628040 |
| anopheline species and their plasmodium infection status in aligarh, india. | malaria is a global issue and india contributes substantially to global malaria incidence. information related to malaria vectors is very limited in aligarh. the environmental and climatological situations permit the continual breeding of vectors in permanent breeding sites. this study was designed with the aim to screen all the anophelines species and possible malaria vectors in three different localities of aligarh. anopheles mosquitoes were collected from three different localities (fort, jal ... | 2015 | 27579016 |
| a household randomized, controlled trial of the efficacy of 0.03% transfluthrin coils alone and in combination with long-lasting insecticidal nets on the incidence of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax malaria in western yunnan province, china. | mosquito coils are the most commonly used household insecticidal product in the world with sales exceeding 50 billion coils, used by two billion people worldwide annually. despite strong evidence that coils prevent mosquito bites a systematic review concluded that there is no evidence that burning mosquito coils prevents malaria acquisition. therefore, the current trial was designed to measure and compare prevention of malaria infection by mosquito coils or long-lasting insecticidal net (llin) o ... | 2014 | 24885993 |
| revised morphological identification key to the larval anopheline (diptera: culicidae) of sri lanka. | to revise morphological identification keys to the anophelines in sri lanka. | 0 | 25183086 |
| entomological determinants of insecticide-treated bed net effectiveness in western myanmar. | in a large cluster randomized control trial of insecticide-treated bed nets (itn) in western myanmar the malaria protective effect of itn was found to be highly variable and, in aggregate, the effect was not statistically significant. a coincident entomological investigation measured malaria vector abundance and biting behaviour and the human population sleeping habits, factors relevant to itn effectiveness. | 2013 | 24119994 |
| key knowledge gaps for plasmodium vivax control and elimination. | there is inadequate understanding of the biology, pathology, transmission, and control of plasmodium vivax, the geographically most widespread cause of human malaria. during the last decades, study of this species was neglected, in part due to the erroneous belief that it is intrinsically benign. in addition, many technical challenges in culturing the parasite also hampered understanding its fundamental biology and molecular and cellular responses to chemotherapeutics. research on vivax malaria ... | 2016 | 27430544 |
| effects of microclimate condition changes due to land use and land cover changes on the survivorship of malaria vectors in china-myanmar border region. | in the past decade, developing countries have been experiencing rapid land use and land cover changes, including deforestation and cultivation of previously forested land. however, little is known about the impact of deforestation and land-use changes on the life history of malaria vectors and their effects on malaria transmission. this study examined the effects of deforestation and crop cultivation on the adult survivorship of major malaria mosquitoes, anopheles sinensis and an. minimus in the ... | 2016 | 27171475 |
| diversification of the genus anopheles and a neotropical clade from the late cretaceous. | the anopheles genus is a member of the culicidae family and consists of approximately 460 recognized species. the genus is composed of 7 subgenera with diverse geographical distributions. despite its huge medical importance, a consensus has not been reached on the phylogenetic relationships among anopheles subgenera. we assembled a comprehensive dataset comprising the coi, coii and 5.8s rrna genes and used maximum likelihood and bayesian inference to estimate the phylogeny and divergence times o ... | 2015 | 26244561 |
| mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids - a review. | constant and extensive use of chemical insecticides has created a selection pressure and favored resistance development in many insect species worldwide. one of the most important pyrethroid resistance mechanisms is classified as target site insensitivity, due to conformational changes in the target site that impair a proper binding of the insecticide molecule. the voltage-gated sodium channel (nav) is the target of pyrethroids and ddt insecticides, used to control insects of medical, agricultur ... | 2014 | 25292318 |
| insecticide resistance in areas under investigation by the international centers of excellence for malaria research: a challenge for malaria control and elimination. | scale-up of the main vector control interventions, residual insecticides sprayed on walls or structures and/or impregnated in bed nets, together with prompt diagnosis and effective treatment, have led to a global reduction in malaria transmission. however, resistance in vectors to almost all classes of insecticides, particularly to the synthetic pyrethroids, is posing a challenge to the recent trend of declining malaria. ten international centers of excellence for malaria research (icemr) locate ... | 2015 | 26259947 |
| entomological monitoring and evaluation: diverse transmission settings of icemr projects will require local and regional malaria elimination strategies. | the unprecedented global efforts for malaria elimination in the past decade have resulted in altered vectorial systems, vector behaviors, and bionomics. these changes combined with increasingly evident heterogeneities in malaria transmission require innovative vector control strategies in addition to the established practices of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying. integrated vector management will require focal and tailored vector control to achieve malaria elimination. ... | 2015 | 26259942 |
| spatio-temporal distribution of malaria and its association with climatic factors and vector-control interventions in two high-risk districts of nepal. | over the last decade, the incidence of confirmed malaria has declined significantly in nepal. the aim of this paper is to assess the spatio-temporal distribution of malaria and its association with climatic factors and vector control interventions in two high-risk districts of nepal. | 2014 | 25421720 |
| a review of malaria transmission dynamics in forest ecosystems. | malaria continues to be a major health problem in more than 100 endemic countries located primarily in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world. malaria transmission is a dynamic process and involves many interlinked factors, from uncontrollable natural environmental conditions to man-made disturbances to nature. almost half of the population at risk of malaria lives in forest areas. forests are hot beds of malaria transmission as they provide conditions such as vegetation cover, tempe ... | 2014 | 24912923 |
| plasmodium vivax malaria in cambodia. | the cambodian national strategic plan for elimination of malaria aims to move step by step toward elimination of malaria across cambodia with an initial focus on plasmodium falciparum malaria before achieving elimination of all forms of malaria, including plasmodium vivax in 2025. the emergence of artemisinin-resistant p. falciparum in western cambodia over the last decade has drawn global attention to support the ultimate goal of p. falciparum elimination, whereas the control of p. vivax lags m ... | 2016 | 27708187 |
| 'nature or nurture': survival rate, oviposition interval, and possible gonotrophic discordance among south east asian anophelines. | mosquito survival, oviposition interval and gonotrophic concordance are important determinants of vectorial capacity. these may vary between species or within a single species depending on the environment. they may be estimated by examination of the ovaries of host-seeking mosquitoes. | 2016 | 27405767 |
| natural human plasmodium infections in major anopheles mosquitoes in western thailand. | the thai-myanmar border is a remaining hotspot for malaria transmission. malaria transmission in this region continues year-round, with a major peak season in july-august, and a minor peak in october-november. malaria elimination requires better knowledge of the mosquito community structure, dynamics and vectorial status to support effective vector control. | 2016 | 26762512 |
| change of strategy is required for malaria elimination: a case study in purworejo district, central java province, indonesia. | malaria has been targeted for elimination from indonesia by 2030, with varying timelines for specific geographical areas based on disease endemicity. the regional deadline for malaria elimination for java island, given the steady decrease of malaria cases, was the end of 2015. purworejo district, a malaria-endemic area in java with an annual parasite incidence (api) of 0.05 per 1,000 population in 2009, aims to enter this elimination stage. this study documents factors that affect incidence and ... | 2015 | 26275822 |
| past and new challenges for malaria control and elimination: the role of operational research for innovation in designing interventions. | this meeting report presents the outcomes of a workshop held in bangkok on december 1st 2014, where the following challenges were discussed: the threat of resistance to artemisinin and artemisinin-based combination therapy in the greater mekong sub-region (gms) and in africa; access to treatment for most at risk and hard to reach population; insecticide resistance, residual and outdoors transmission. the role of operational research and the interactions between research institutions, national ma ... | 2015 | 26185098 |
| re-imagining malaria: heterogeneity of human and mosquito behaviour in relation to residual malaria transmission in cambodia. | in certain regions in southeast asia, where malaria is reduced to forested regions populated by ethnic minorities dependent on slash-and-burn agriculture, malaria vector populations have developed a propensity to feed early and outdoors, limiting the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llin) and indoor residual spraying (irs). the interplay between heterogeneous human, as well as mosquito behaviour, radically challenges malaria control in such residual transmission contexts. ... | 2015 | 25908498 |
| evidence-based malaria control in timor leste from 2006 to 2012. | malaria has been a major public health problem in the newly established democratic republic of timor leste with over 200,000 cases being reported in 2006 and 2007. the national malaria control programme (nmcp) was established in 2003. the progress made in malaria control in timor leste is reported. | 2015 | 25890294 |
| impact of a spatial repellent on malaria incidence in two villages in sumba, indonesia. | a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted to examine the effect of spatial repellent (sr) in households at risk of malaria in indonesia. following presumptive radical cure for malaria in 180 adult men representing sentinels of new infection in four clusters within two villages, all households were given either metofluthrin or placebo mosquito coils. weekly blood smear screening and human-landing mosquito catches were done throughout the 6 months intervention. malaria i ... | 2014 | 25311699 |
| a phase iii trial to evaluate the efficacy, fabric integrity and community acceptance of netprotect using a recommended long-lasting insecticidal net as positive control. | the evaluation of new long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (llins) is coordinated by the who pesticide evaluation scheme (whopes). in 2007, netprotect® was granted whopes interim recommendation after phase i and ii evaluations. present study evaluates netprotect in a phase iii trial in rural cambodia. | 2014 | 24998677 |
| early malaria resurgence in pre-elimination areas in kokap subdistrict, kulon progo, indonesia. | indonesia is among those countries committed to malaria eradication, with a continuously decreasing incidence of malaria. however, at district level the situation is different. this study presents a case of malaria resurgence kokap subdistrict of the kulon progo district in yogyakarta province, java after five years of low endemicity. this study also aims to describe the community perceptions and health services delivery situation that contribute to this case. | 2014 | 24684702 |
| outdoor malaria transmission in forested villages of cambodia. | despite progress in malaria control, malaria remains an important public health concern in cambodia, mostly linked to forested areas. large-scale vector control interventions in cambodia are based on the free distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), targeting indoor- and late-biting malaria vectors only. the present study evaluated the vector density, early biting activity and malaria transmission of outdoor-biting malaria vectors in two forested regions in cambodia. | 2013 | 24044424 |
| progress towards malaria elimination in sabang municipality, aceh, indonesia. | indonesia has set 2030 as its deadline for elimination of malaria transmission in the archipelago, with regional deadlines established according to present levels of malaria endemicity and strength of health infrastructure. the municipality of sabang which historically had one of the highest levels of malaria in aceh province aims to achieve elimination by the end of 2013. | 2013 | 23363768 |
| host feeding patterns and preference of anopheles minimus (diptera: culicidae) in a malaria endemic area of western thailand: baseline site description. | host feeding patterns of anopheles minimus in relation to ambient environmental conditions were observed during a 2-year period at tum sua village, located in mae sot district, tak province, in western thailand, where an. minimus is found in abundance and regarded as the most predominant malaria vector species. detailed information on mosquito behavior is important for understanding the epidemiology of disease transmission and developing more effective and efficient vector control methods. | 2012 | 22676415 |
| relationships between anopheline mosquitoes and topography in west timor and java, indonesia. | malaria is a serious health issue in indonesia. mosquito control is one aspect of an integrated malaria management programme. to focus resources on priority areas, information is needed about the vectors and their habitats. this research aimed to identify the relationship between anopheline mosquitoes and topography in west timor and java. | 2010 | 20796265 |
| malaria ecology along the thailand-myanmar border. | malaria in southeast asia frequently clusters along international borders. for example, while most of thailand is malaria free, the border region shared with myanmar continues to have endemic malaria. this spatial pattern is the result of complex interactions between landscape, humans, mosquito vectors, and malaria parasites. an understanding of these complex ecological and socio-cultural interactions is important for designing and implementing malaria elimination efforts in the region. this art ... | 2015 | 26437860 |
| modified mosquito landing boxes dispensing transfluthrin provide effective protection against anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes under simulated outdoor conditions in a semi-field system. | efforts to control malaria vectors have primarily focused on scaling-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying. although highly efficient against indoor-biting and indoor-resting vectors, these interventions have lower impact on outdoor-biting mosquitoes. innovative vector control tools are required to prevent outdoor human-mosquito contacts. in this work, the potential of spatial repellents, delivered in an active system that requires minimal user compliance, to ... | 2015 | 26104719 |
| submicroscopic and asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax infections are common in western thailand - molecular and serological evidence. | malaria is a public health problem in parts of thailand, where plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax are the main causes of infection. in the northwestern border province of tak parasite prevalence is now estimated to be less than 1% by microscopy. nonetheless, microscopy is insensitive at low-level parasitaemia. the objective of this study was to assess the current epidemiology of falciparum and vivax malaria in tak using molecular methods to detect exposure to and infection with parasites ... | 2015 | 25849211 |
| are topical insect repellents effective against malaria in endemic populations? a systematic review and meta-analysis. | recommended vector control tools against malaria, such as long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs), mainly target mosquitoes that rest and feed on human hosts indoors. however, in some malaria-endemic areas, such as southeast asia and south america, malaria vectors primarily bite outdoors meaning that llins and irs may be less effective. in these situations the use of topical insect repellents may reduce outdoor biting and morbidity from malaria. a systematic rev ... | 2014 | 25413142 |
| a cluster-randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of using 15% deet topical repellent with long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) compared to a placebo lotion on malaria transmission. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) have limited effect on malaria transmitted outside of sleeping hours. topical repellents have demonstrated reduction in the incidence of malaria transmitted in the early evening. this study assessed whether 15% deet topical repellent used in combination with llins can prevent greater malaria transmission than placebo and llins, in rural tanzania. | 2014 | 25129515 |
| diversity of anopheles mosquitoes in binh phuoc and dak nong provinces of vietnam and their relation to disease. | human malaria is still a burden in dak nong and binh phuoc provinces in south-central vietnam that border cambodia. several anopheles species that transmit human malarial plasmodium may also transmit wuchereria bancrofti, the nematode that causes bancroftian lymphatic filariasis. the objective of this study was to investigate the role of anopheles species in the transmission of these two pathogens in the two highly malaria endemic provinces of vietnam. | 2014 | 25008314 |
| border malaria associated with multidrug resistance on thailand-myanmar and thailand-cambodia borders: transmission dynamic, vulnerability, and surveillance. | this systematic review elaborates the concepts and impacts of border malaria, particularly on the emergence and spread of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax multidrug resistance (mdr) malaria on thailand-myanmar and thailand-cambodia borders. border malaria encompasses any complex epidemiological settings of forest-related and forest fringe-related malaria, both regularly occurring in certain transmission areas and manifesting a trend of increased incidence in transmission prone areas al ... | 2013 | 23865048 |
| blood-feeding patterns of anopheles mosquitoes in a malaria-endemic area of bangladesh. | blood-feeding patterns of mosquitoes are crucial for incriminating malaria vectors. however, little information is available on the host preferences of anopheles mosquitoes in bangladesh. therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the hematophagic tendencies of the anophelines inhabiting a malaria-endemic area of bangladesh. | 2012 | 22336191 |
| assessing the quality of service of village malaria workers to strengthen community-based malaria control in cambodia. | malaria continues to be a major public health problem in remote forested areas in cambodia. as a national strategy to strengthen community-based malaria control, the cambodian government has been running the village malaria worker (vmw) project since 2001. this study sought to examine the nature and quality of the vmws' services. | 2010 | 20412600 |
| colonisation and mass rearing: learning from others. | mosquitoes, just as other insects produced for the sterile insect technique (sit), are subjected to several unnatural processes including laboratory colonisation and large-scale factory production. after these processes, sterile male mosquitoes must perform the natural task of locating and mating with wild females. therefore, the colonisation and production processes must preserve characters necessary for these functions. fortunately, in contrast to natural selection which favours a suite of cha ... | 2009 | 19917074 |
| the insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors in the mekong region. | knowledge on insecticide resistance in target species is a basic requirement to guide insecticide use in malaria control programmes. malaria transmission in the mekong region is mainly concentrated in forested areas along the country borders, so that decisions on insecticide use should ideally be made at regional level. consequently, cross-country monitoring of insecticide resistance is indispensable to acquire comparable baseline data on insecticide resistance. | 2008 | 18534006 |
| plasmodium knowlesi malaria an emerging public health problem in hulu selangor, selangor, malaysia (2009-2013): epidemiologic and entomologic analysis. | while transmission of the human plasmodium species has declined, a significant increase in plasmodium knowlesi/plasmodium malariae cases was reported in hulu selangor, selangor, malaysia. thus, a study was undertaken to determine the epidemiology and the vectors involved in the transmission of knowlesi malaria. | 2014 | 25223878 |
| draft genomes of anopheles cracens and anopheles maculatus: comparison of simian malaria and human malaria vectors in peninsular malaysia. | anopheles cracens has been incriminated as the vector of human knowlesi malaria in peninsular malaysia. besides, it is a good laboratory vector of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax. the distribution of an. cracens overlaps with that of an. maculatus, the human malaria vector in peninsular malaysia that seems to be refractory to p. knowlesi infection in natural settings. whole genome sequencing was performed on an. cracens and an. maculatus collected here. the draft genome of an. cracens was 395 ... | 2016 | 27347683 |
| entomologic investigation of plasmodium knowlesi vectors in kuala lipis, pahang, malaysia. | the first natural infection of plasmodium knowlesi in humans was recorded in 1965 in peninsular malaysia. extensive research was then conducted and it was postulated that it was a rare incident and that simian malaria will not be easily transmitted to humans. however, at the turn of the 21st century, knowlesi malaria was prevalent throughout southeast asia and is life threatening. thus, a longitudinal study was initiated to determine the vectors, their seasonal variation and preference to humans ... | 2012 | 22727041 |
| living on the edge: a longitudinal study of anopheles funestus in an isolated area of mozambique. | understanding the survival strategies of malaria vectors at the edges of their distribution, where they are under stress from environmental conditions, may lead to the development of novel control techniques and may help predict the effects of climate change on these mosquitoes. | 2013 | 23773359 |
| the effects of oviposition-site deprivation on longevity and bloodfeeding rate in anopheles gambiae. | the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, needs surface water in order to lay their eggs. in many parts of africa, there are dry periods varying from days to months in length when suitable larval sites are not available and female mosquitoes experience oviposition-site deprivation (osd). previous studies have shown that egg-laying and egg-hatching rates were reduced due to osd. here, we assessed its effect on longevity and bloodfeeding rate of anopheles gambiae. we predicted that osd will ... | 2014 | 24708656 |
| tibet orbivirus, a novel orbivirus species isolated from anopheles maculatus mosquitoes in tibet, china. | the genus orbivirus includes a number of important pathogenic viruses, including bluetongue virus (btv), african horse sickness virus (ahsv), and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv). in this study we describe the isolation and characterization of an orbivirus strain isolated from anopheles maculatus mosquitoes collected in tibet, china. | 2014 | 24533145 |
| operational strategies to achieve and maintain malaria elimination. | present elimination strategies are based on recommendations derived during the global malaria eradication program of the 1960s. however, many countries considering elimination nowadays have high intrinsic transmission potential and, without the support of a regional campaign, have to deal with the constant threat of imported cases of the disease, emphasising the need to revisit the strategies on which contemporary elimination programmes are based. to eliminate malaria, programmes need to concent ... | 2010 | 21035841 |
| investigating the contribution of peri-domestic transmission to risk of zoonotic malaria infection in humans. | in recent years, the primate malaria plasmodium knowlesi has emerged in human populations throughout south east asia, with the largest hotspot being in sabah, malaysian borneo. control efforts are hindered by limited knowledge of where and when people get exposed to mosquito vectors. it is assumed that exposure occurs primarily when people are working in forest areas, but the role of other potential exposure routes (including domestic or peri-domestic transmission) has not been thoroughly invest ... | 2016 | 27741235 |
| enzymatic characterization of insecticide resistance mechanisms in field populations of malaysian culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae). | there has been no comprehensive study on biochemical characterization of insecticide resistance mechanisms in field populations of malaysian culex quinquefasciatus. to fill this void in the literature, a nationwide investigation was performed to quantify the enzyme activities, thereby attempting to characterize the potential resistance mechanisms in cx. quinquefasciatus in residential areas in malaysia. | 2013 | 24278220 |
| isolation of tibet orbivirus, tibov, from culicoides collected in yunnan, china. | we isolated a novel virus strain (yn12246) from culicoides spp. specimens collected at the china-laos-myanmar border in southern yunnan province. this virus had a cytopathic effect (cpe) on both insect cells (c6/36) and mammalian cells (bhk-21). electron microscopy revealed the structure of the virions to be spherical with a diameter of 75 nm. polyacrylamide gel analysis demonstrated that the viral genome consisted of 10 segments of double-stranded rna (dsrna), with a distribution pattern of 3-3 ... | 2015 | 26295700 |
| high plasmodium malariae prevalence in an endemic area of the colombian amazon region. | malaria is a worldwide public health problem; parasites from the genus plasmodium are the aetiological agent for this disease. the parasites are mostly diagnosed by conventional microscopy-based techniques; however, their limitations have led to under-registering the reported prevalence of plasmodium species. this study has thus been aimed at evaluating the infection and coinfection prevalence of 3 species of plasmodium spp., in an area of the colombian amazon region. blood samples were taken fr ... | 2016 | 27467587 |
| diagnosis of an imported plasmodium ovale wallikeri infection in malaysia. | plasmodium ovale is rare and not exactly known to be autochthonous in malaysia. there are two distinct forms of the parasite, namely p. ovale curtisi (classic form) and p. ovale wallikeri (variant form). here, the first sequence confirmed case of an imported p. ovale wallikeri infection in malaysia is presented. microscopy found plasmodium parasites with morphology similar to p. ovale or plasmodium vivax in the blood films. further confirmation using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting the ... | 2016 | 26738724 |
| the efficacy and tolerability of artemisinin-piperaquine (artequick®) versus artesunate-amodiaquine (coarsucam™) for the treatment of uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria in south-central vietnam. | in vietnam, the artemisinin-based combination therapy (act) of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine is currently used for first-line treatment of uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria. however, limited efficacy and tolerability data are available on alternative forms of act in vietnam in case there is a reduction in the susceptibility of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. a study was conducted to compare the efficacy and tolerability of two fixed-dose formulations of act, artemisinin-piperaquine (a ... | 2012 | 22741618 |
| molecular characterization of misidentified plasmodium ovale imported cases in singapore. | plasmodium ovale, considered the rarest of the malaria parasites of humans, consists of two morphologically identical but genetically distinct sympatric species, plasmodium ovale curtisi and plasmodium ovale wallikeri. these parasites resemble morphologically to plasmodium vivax with which they also share a tertian periodicity and the ability to cause relapses, making them easily misidentified as p. vivax. plasmodium ovale infections are rarely reported, but given the likelihood of misidentifica ... | 2015 | 26577930 |
| spatial distribution of malaria in peninsular malaysia from 2000 to 2009. | malaria is still an endemic disease of public health importance in malaysia. populations at risk of contracting malaria includes indigenous people, traditional villagers, mobile ethnic groups and land scheme settlers, immigrants from malaria endemic countries as well as jungle workers and loggers. the predominant species are plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax. an increasing number of p. knowlesi infections have also been encountered. the principal vectors in peninsular malaysia are anopheles mac ... | 2014 | 24735583 |
| is there a risk of suburban transmission of malaria in selangor, malaysia? | the suburban transmission of malaria in selangor, malaysia's most developed and populous state still remains a concern for public health in this region. despite much successful control efforts directed at its reduction, sporadic cases, mostly brought in by foreigners have continued to occur. in addition, cases of simian malaria caused by plasmodium knowlesi, some with fatal outcome have caused grave concern to health workers. the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of local mala ... | 2013 | 24194901 |
| diversity of anopheles species and trophic behavior of putative malaria vectors in two malaria endemic areas of northwestern thailand. | we determined the species diversity, blood-feeding behavior, and host preference of anopheles mosquitoes in two malaria endemic areas of tak (mae sot district) and mae hong son (sop moei district) provinces, located along the thai border with myanmar, during a consecutive two-year period. anopheline mosquitoes were collected using indoor and outdoor human-landing captures and outdoor cow-baited collections. mosquitoes were initially identified using morphological characters, followed by the appr ... | 2014 | 25424272 |
| laboratory evaluation of lambda-cyhalothrin a microencapsulated formulation on mosquito nets for control of vector mosquitos. | two formulations of lambda-cyhalothrin (ec-emulsion concentrate and mc-microencapsulated) were impregnated into bednets made of polyethylene and polyester. the nets were treated at a dosage of 15 mg/m2. for bioassay of insecticidal efficacy, female anopheles maculatus and aedes aegypti were exposed to the nets for two minutes and mortality was scored 24 hours later. the nets were also tested after repeated washings with water and with soap and water. microencapsulated (2.5cs) formulation was mor ... | 1999 | 10695808 |
| [susceptibility of thirty-one species of mosquitoes to romanomermis yunanensis]. | a new species of mermithidae was found parasitizing the larvae of culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex fatigans in henan, china and then named romanomermis yunanensis. thirty-one species of mosquitoes involving six genera have been tested for susceptibility to r. yunanensis and culicinae mosquito have consistently been highly susceptible. at a 1:5 ratio of mosquito larvae to nematode juveniles, the parasitisms of aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, culex fatigans, culex tritaeniorhynchus, anopheles sine ... | 1992 | 1363920 |
| biting patterns and host preference of anopheles epiroticus in chang island, trat province, eastern thailand. | a study of species diversity of anopheles mosquitoes, biting patterns, and seasonal abundance of important mosquito vectors was conducted in two villages of chang island, trat province, in eastern thailand, one located along the coast and the other in the low hills of the central interior of the island. of 5,399 captured female anophelines, 70.25% belong to the subgenus cellia and remaining specimens to the subgenus anopheles. five important putative malaria vectors were molecularly identified, ... | 2014 | 25424266 |
| bioefficacy of a long-lasting insecticide impregnated net against anopheles maculatus theobald and culex quinquefasciatus say. | this study was conducted to evaluate the bioefficacy and effects of unwashed and washed permanet® 2.0 nets treated with extrinsic heat during washing against mosquitoes under laboratory condition. the effectiveness of the washed nets was bioassayed soon after washing using the who cone test method. the results indicated that the treated nets exhibited high durability to washing (five washes) and persistent bioefficacy against an. maculatus on both unwashed and washed nets. the unwashed net exhib ... | 2015 | 26867356 |
| host feeding patterns of mosquitoes in a rural malaria-endemic region in hainan island, china. | malaria is endemic in wangxia village of hainan island. in this area little is known about the host seeking behavior and feeding habit of mosquitoes. three sites representing the most common habitat types in the village were selected to study the host seeking behavior and feeding habit of mosquitoes. of the total 9 species belonging to 4 genera (armigeres, culex, aedes, and anopheles) collected in wangxia village, culex tritaeniorhynchus and cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus were the most commonly co ... | 2014 | 25843138 |
| bioefficacy of a long-lasting insecticide impregnated net on blood feeding inhibition of anopheles maculatus theobald and culex quinquefasciatus say. | this study aimed to evaluate the bioefficacy and blood feeding inhibition of mosquitoes under laboratory conditions using the who tunnel test method on unwashed and washed long-lasting insecticide impregnated net with extrinsic heat treatment of 30 degrees c followed by 80 degrees c on the same net during washing. permanet exhibited fairy high durability to washing (5 washes) and had fairy long-lasting bioefficacy against anopheles maculatus for blood feeding inhibition on both unwashed (39 mont ... | 2014 | 24974644 |
| current insecticide susceptibility status of malaysian anopheles maculatus theobald to malathion, permethrin, ddt and deltamethrin. | chemical insecticides are still considered as important control agents for malaria vector control. however, prolonged use of these chemicals may select mosquito vectors for resistance. in this study, susceptibility status of adult anopheles maculatus collected from 9 localities in peninsular malaysia, viz., jeli, temerloh, pos banun, senderut, jeram kedah, segamat, kota tinggi, kluang and pos lenjang were determined using the standard who bioassay method in which the adult mosquitoes were expose ... | 2014 | 24862056 |
| effect of land use and land cover modification on distribution of anopheline larval habitats in meghalaya, india. | the meghalaya region had been considered free of malaria, but recently malaria cases in the foothills and valley areas raised concern that malaria transmission at high elevations may be increasing. this increase is associated with land use and land cover (lulc) changes. this lulc directly modifies larval habitats and affect the anopheline larval distribution patterns. | 2013 | 23995313 |
| risk factors for malaria infection among rubber tappers living in a malaria control program area in southern thailand. | rubber tappers work begins at midnight during the feeding time of anopheles maculatus and an. minimus, two common malaria vectors in southern thailand. we studied the association between rubber tapper behavior and malaria infections as reported to the notified disease surveillance system during 2010 in prachuab khiri khan province, thailand. in that province insecticide treated bednets are distributed free to the population and insecticide residual spraying is performed annually. a random sample ... | 2012 | 23413693 |
| [investigation on blood-sucking habit of anopheles (diptera:culicidae) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction in malaria-endemic area of chayu county, tibet]. | to determine the blood-sucking habit of anopheline by mosquitoes bloodmeal identification in malaria endemic area chayu county, tibet autonomous region. | 2012 | 22908813 |
| crossing experiment of anopheles maculatus form k and anopheles willmori (james) (diptera: culicidae). | we recently reported crossing experiments between anopheles maculatus form k and five members of the maculatus group to support the specific status of form k. in the present study, we performed further crosses between form k and a sixth species of the maculatus group, anopheles willmori (james). low viability was observed in hybrid males and females. all hybrid males were sterile with atrophied testes, or partially sterile with abnormal spermatozoa. the hybrid females showed normal ovaries. the ... | 2008 | 18685865 |
| crossing experiments supporting the specific status of anopheles maculatus chromosomal form k. | there are 3 recognized chromosomal forms (b, e, k) in the taxon of anopheles maculatus, 1 of the 8 members of the anopheles maculatus group. previous studies suggested that forms b and e are cytotypes of the species, but genetic characteristics of form k are unknown. the present study used crossing experiments, and polytene chromosomes of the ovarian nurse cell in f1 hybrids to show that form k is genetically distinct from forms b and e. in addition, postzygotic genetic incompatibility between f ... | 2008 | 18666525 |
| [species identification of anopheles maculatus complex in malaria endemic area motuo county, tibet]. | to identify the species of anopheles maculatus complex in malaria endemic area motuo county, linzhi prefecture, tibet autonomous region. | 2008 | 24818373 |
| laboratory study on the effect of deltamethrin wg and wp formulations against anopheles maculatus theobald (diptera:culicidae) on rough and smooth surfaces of bamboo wall. | adults of anopheles maculatus were tested for their residual activity to wettable powders (wp) and water dispersible granule (wg) formulations of deltamethrin. the residual effectiveness and lifespan of deltamethrin wg and wp were also assessed against the mosquitoes using rough and smooth surfaces of bamboo. tests were conducted once a month up to 14 months after spraying using who standard method for the bioassay of insecticidal deposits on wall surfaces. mortality data revealed that both delt ... | 2007 | 18209712 |
| evaluation of the mutagenic potential of chlorpyrifos (cpf) using polytene chromosomes of anopheles mosquito. | diverse cytogenetic tests are employed for short term screening of suspect environmental mutagens by using insects and mammals as models. in the present paper the polytene chromosomes of a mosquito anopheles maculatus were used to evaluate the mutagenic potential of a widely used organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos-[o, o-diethyl-o-(3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphothioate]. the results are based on the frequency of various structural aberrations encountered in the polytene chromosomes of t ... | 2005 | 16114476 |
| genetics of esterases and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in the anopheles maculatus complex. | electromorphic variation for some esterases and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase enzymes in the anopheles maculatus complex is controlled by four loci which are unlinked to sex. esterase loci are linked to each other: est-1-36%-est-4-16.5%-est-3; but unlinked to pgd-2. linkage data were obtained by selfing the f1 generation from selected parents and analysing genotypes in the f2; the classical dihybrid-cross. the analysis consists of testing observed data for goodness of fit to a) ratios expecte ... | 1986 | 2874708 |
| evaluation of the effectiveness of permethrin and ddt impregnated bed-nets against anopheles maculatus. | a laboratory evaluation of cotton and nylon bed-nets treated with permethrin and ddt was carried out by releasing blood-fed an. maculatus for 30 minutes in the treated net. results show almost 100% mortality up to one year after treatment. a ten minute exposure on the outside of the net also gave similar results. even after washing the nets continued to give very good results. a method of treating the nets is described. | 1985 | 3835697 |
| d.d.t. and gammexane as residual insecticides against anopheles maculatus in malaya. | | 1950 | 15408907 |
| risk of exposure to potential vector mosquitoes for rural workers in northern lao pdr. | one major consequence of economic development in south-east asia has been a rapid expansion of rubber plantations, in which outbreaks of dengue and malaria have occurred. here we explored the difference in risk of exposure to potential dengue, japanese encephalitis (je), and malaria vectors between rubber workers and those engaged in traditional forest activities in northern laos pdr. | 2017 | 28742854 |
| imported plasmodium falciparum and locally transmitted plasmodium vivax: cross-border malaria transmission scenario in northwestern thailand. | cross-border malaria transmission is an important problem for national malaria control programmes. the epidemiology of cross-border malaria is further complicated in areas where plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax are both endemic. by combining passive case detection data with entomological data, a transmission scenario on the northwestern thai-myanmar border where p. falciparum is likely driven by importation was described, whereas p. vivax is also locally transmitted. this study highlig ... | 2017 | 28637467 |
| molecular characterization of anopheline (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes from eight geographical locations of sri lanka. | genus anopheles is a major mosquito group of interest in sri lanka as it includes vectors of malaria and its members exist as species complexes. taxonomy of the group is mainly based on morphological features, which are not conclusive and can be easily erased while handling the specimens. a combined effort, using morphology and dna barcoding (using the markers cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) gene and internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) region, was made during the present study to recognize ... | 2017 | 28578667 |
| status of insecticide resistance in anopheles mosquitoes in ubon ratchathani province, northeastern thailand. | malaria is common in hilly, forested areas along national borders in southeast asia. insecticide resistance in malaria vectors has been detected in a few countries in the greater mekong sub-region (gms), representing a threat to malaria control and prevention. this study aims to determine the insecticide resistance status of anopheles mosquitoes in ubon ratchathani province, northeastern thailand, where increasing number of malaria cases were reported recently. | 2017 | 28743278 |