| maturation of maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) seedlings after exposure to a period of continuous light. | nine half-sib families of maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) of known adult performance were grown in continuous light at either 25 degrees c or 25/20 degrees c for 18 weeks. they were then exposed to a dormancy induction period followed by a dormancy release period and then grown for a further 9 weeks in a 16-h photoperiod at a day/night temperature of 25/20 degrees c. seedlings exhibited great diversity in morphology at the end of the first growth period. the number of morphogenetic cycles va ... | 1993 | 14969907 |
| micronutrient distribution in 16-year-old maritime pine. | concentrations and contents of the micronutrients fe, mn, zn, cu, and b were measured in various tree compartments of a 16-year-old stand of maritime pine (pinus pinaster soland in ait.). the micronutrients were actively redistributed within the tree. the longer-lived aerial tissues, trunks and branches, constituted the major micronutrient reservoirs, with the exception of manganese which accumulated in the needles. | 1992 | 14969987 |
| variation in growth and osmotic regulation of roots of water-stressed maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) provenances. | hydroponically cultivated pinus pinaster ait. seedlings of a drought-sensitive population from france (landes) and of a more drought-adapted population from morocco (tamjoute) were subjected to a progressive increase in water stress by additions of an osmoticum (polyethylene glycol 600) to the nutrient solution. the final osmotic potential (psi(ms)) of the nutrient solution was achieved over a period of up to 6 days, and ranged from -0.03 (control, no added osmoticum) to -0.8 mpa. in the 6 days ... | 1989 | 14973004 |
| the importance of polymerization and galloylation for the antiproliferative properties of procyanidin-rich natural extracts. | grape (vitis vinifera) and pine (pinus pinaster) bark extracts are widely used as nutritional supplements. procyanidin-rich fractions from grape and pine bark extract showing different mean degrees of polymerization, percentage of galloylation (percentage of gallate esters) and reactive oxygen species-scavenging capacity were tested on ht29 human colon cancer cells. we observed that the most efficient fractions in inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting the cell cycle in g(2) phase and inducing ... | 2007 | 17824958 |
| protection from inflammation, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis induced by uv radiation in mice by topical pycnogenol. | pycnogenol is a standardized extract of the bark of the french maritime pine, pinus pinaster ait., that has multiple biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties. this study describes the effect of topical application of lotions containing pycnogenol to skh:hr hairless mice undergoing minimally inflammatory daily exposures to solar-simulated uv radiation (ssuv). we report that concentrations of pycnogenol of 0.05-0.2% applied to the irradiated dors ... | 2004 | 15068032 |
| evaluation of mycelial inocula of edible lactarius species for the production of pinus pinaster and p. sylvestris mycorrhizal seedlings under greenhouse conditions. | different methods to inoculate seedlings of pinus pinaster and p. sylvestris with edible lactarius species under standard greenhouse conditions were evaluated. fungal inoculations were performed both under pure culture synthesis in vitro, followed by transplantation of acclimatized seedlings, and directly in the greenhouse using different techniques for inocula production (mycelial slurries, vegetative inoculum grown in peat-vermiculite and alginate-entrapped mycelium). in vitro inoculations wit ... | 2004 | 15197634 |
| automated snp detection in expressed sequence tags: statistical considerations and application to maritime pine sequences. | we developed an automated pipeline for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in expressed sequence tag (est) data sets, by combining three dna sequence analysis programs: phred, phrap and polybayes. this application requires access to the individual electrophoregram traces. first, a reference set of 65 snps was obtained from the sequencing of 30 gametes in 13 maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) gene fragments (6671 bp), resulting in a frequency of 1 snp every 102.6 bp. second, ... | 2004 | 15284499 |
| radial profiles of sap flow with increasing tree size in maritime pine. | we investigated the radial variation of sap flow within sapwood below the live crown in relation to tree size in 10-, 32-, 54- and 91-year-old maritime pine stands (pinus pinaster ait.). radial variations were determined with two thermal dissipation sensors; one measured sap flux in the outer 20 mm of the xylem (jref), whereas the other was moved radially across the sapwood in 20-mm increments to measure sap flux at multiple depths (jref). for all tree sizes, sap flow ratios (ri = jijref (-1)) d ... | 2004 | 15339738 |
| the necrotroph botrytis cinerea induces a non-host type ii resistance mechanism in pinus pinaster suspension-cultured cells. | models of non-host resistance have failed to account for the pathogenicity of necrotrophic agents. during the interaction of pinus pinaster (maritime pine) with the non-host necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea, the generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ros) and the induction of the hypersensitive response (hr) were analyzed. elicitation of maritime pine suspended cells with b. cinerea spores resulted in the biphasic induction of ros. the phase i oxidative burst was dependent o ... | 2008 | 18252735 |
| root distribution of pinus pinaster, p. radiata, eucalyptus globulus and e. kochii and associated soil chemistry in agricultural land adjacent to tree lines. | we quantified the extent and distribution of roots of four commonly planted tree species (eucalyptus globulus labill., pinus radiata d. don, p. pinaster aiton and e. kochii maiden & blakely subsp. plenissima c.a. gardner) in agricultural land adjacent to tree lines, and examined the effect of soil type and root pruning on root morphology. root distribution in soil adjacent to tree lines was mapped by a trench profile method at 13 sites on the south coast of western australia. soil samples were c ... | 2004 | 15465696 |
| recovery of cryopreserved embryogenic cultures of maritime pine--effect of cryoprotectant and suspension density. | embryogenic cultures were obtained from seeds of open-pollinated maritime pine trees representing part of a breeding population. the aim of the present study was to develop and optimize a protocol for cryopreservation of pinus pinaster somatic embryogenic tissue. the density of the embryogenic suspension and the type of pre-treatment significantly affected the recovery of cryopreserved embryogenic cultures, as evaluated by their survival and regrowth rate. an initial density of the suspension cu ... | 2004 | 15618988 |
| economic assessment of managing processionary moth in pine forests: a case-study in portugal. | this paper assesses the private and social profitability of current strategies for managing processionary moth (thaumetopoea pityocampa) in portuguese pine forests, looking at economic and environmental costs and benefits. costs include the expenses for forest treatment and the social costs of threats to human health (dermatitis amongst others); benefits are assessed in terms of both revenue and social benefits such as carbon fixation and recreation. the evaluation was done using cost benefit an ... | 2009 | 18336989 |
| biomechanical differences in the stem straightening process among pinus pinaster provenances. a new approach for early selection of stem straightness. | stem straightness is an important selection trait in pinus pinaster ait. breeding programs. despite the stability of stem straightness rankings in provenance trials, the efficiency of breeding programs based on a quantitative index of stem straightness remains low. an alternative approach is to analyze biomechanical processes that underlie stem form. the rationale for this selection method is that genetic differences in the biomechanical processes that maintain stem straightness in young plants ... | 2008 | 18381264 |
| mechanical properties and decay resistance of wood-polymer composites prepared from fast growing species in turkey. | some mechanical properties of wood-polymer composites from maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) and poplar (populus x. euramericana cv. i-214) wood were investigated. three different monomers; styrene (st), methyl methacrylate (mma) and styrene/methyl methacrylate (st/mma) mixture were used in preparation of wood-polymer composites (wpcs). full-loading (fl), half-loading (hl) and quarter-loading (ql) were used as polymer content levels. untreated pine and pine-polymer composite samples were teste ... | 2004 | 15668197 |
| comparison of cellulose extraction methods for analysis of stable-isotope ratios of carbon and oxygen in plant material. | the jayme-wise and diglyme-hcl methods for extracting cellulose from plant material for stable-isotope analysis differ considerably in ease of use, with the latter requiring significantly less time and specialized equipment. however, the diglyme-hcl method leaves a small lignin residue in the crude cellulose that may affect stable-isotope values, whereas alpha-cellulose produced by the jayme-wise method is relatively pure. we examined whether adding a bleaching step to the diglyme-hcl method cou ... | 2005 | 15741154 |
| differential regulation of two glutamine synthetase genes by a single dof transcription factor. | the ppdof5 transcription factor from maritime pine (pinus pinaster) is a regulator of the expression of glutamine synthetase (gs) genes in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic tissues. ppdof5 mrna is detected almost ubiquitously during pine development with low levels of gene expression in green tissues and much higher levels in roots and lignified shoots. the ppdof5 protein expressed in bacteria binds to oligonucleotide probes containing the aaag core sequence derived from the promoters of gs1 ... | 2008 | 18547397 |
| procyanidin fractions from pine (pinus pinaster) bark: radical scavenging power in solution, antioxidant activity in emulsion, and antiproliferative effect in melanoma cells. | pine (pinus pinaster) bark is a rich source of procyanidin oligomers. from a total polyphenolic extract, we have generated fractions of different procyanidin composition. the mixtures, devoid of gallate esters, were active as free radical scavengers against abts(*+), dpph, and hnttm. pine bark fractions were tested for antioxidant activity in solution (hydrogen donation and electron transfer) and emulsion (inhibition of lipid peroxidation) and compared with their galloylated counterparts from gr ... | 2005 | 15941307 |
| soil organic carbon and nitrogen accumulation on coal mine spoils reclaimed with maritime pine (pinus pinaster aiton) in agacli-istanbul. | mining operations on open coal mines in agacli-istanbul have resulted in the destruction of vast amounts of land. to rehabilitate these degraded lands, plantations on this area began in 1988. twelve tree species were planted, however, the most planted tree species was maritime pine (pinus pinaster aiton). this study performed on 14 sample plots randomly selected in maritime pine plantations on coal mine soil/spoils in 2005. soil samples were taken from eight different soil layers (0-1, 1-3, 3-5, ... | 2009 | 18604588 |
| nucleotide variation in genes involved in wood formation in two pine species. | nucleotide diversity in eight genes related to wood formation was investigated in two pine species, pinus pinaster and p. radiata. the nucleotide diversity patterns observed and their properties were compared between the two species according to the specific characteristics of the samples analysed. a lower diversity was observed in p. radiata compared with p. pinaster. in particular, for two genes (pp1, a glycin-rich protein homolog and cesa3, a cellulose synthase) the magnitude of the reduction ... | 2005 | 15948834 |
| natural antioxidants. | the constant exposure of the skin to oxidative stress results in damage to cellular dna and cell membrane lipids and proteins. to combat this problem, the skin contains a number of antioxidants that protect against oxidative injury. however, these cutaneous antioxidants can be depleted by sun exposure and environmental insults, resulting in an overload of oxidation products. thus, topical antioxidants that replenish the antioxidant capacity of the skin have the potential to prevent oxidative dam ... | 2008 | 18681153 |
| a density-based approach for the modelling of root architecture: application to maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) root systems. | root morphology influences strongly plant/soil interactions. however, the complexity of root architecture is a major barrier when analysing many phenomena, e.g. anchorage, water or nutrient uptake. therefore, we have developed a new approach for the representation and modelling of root architecture based on branching density. a general root branching density in a space of finite dimension was used and enabled us to consider various morphological properties. a root system model was then construct ... | 2005 | 15961115 |
| a finite element model for investigating effects of aerial architecture on tree oscillations. | a finite element model was developed to study the influence of aerial architecture on the structural dynamics of trees. the model combines a complete description of the axes of the aerial architecture of the plant with numerical techniques suitable for dynamic nonlinear analyses. trees were modeled on the basis of morphological measurements that were previously made on three 4-year-old pinus pinaster ait. saplings originating from even-aged stands. calculated and measured oscillations were compa ... | 2006 | 16510396 |
| response of plants to ectomycorrhizae in n-limited conditions: which factors determine its variation? | in the present work, the following hypotheses were tested: (1) the negative effects of mycorrhization over host plant productivity in n-limited conditions are due to n retention by the fungal partner and not due to excessive c drainage; (2) if mycorrhization results in decreased n uptake, the host plant decreases its c investment in fungal growth. the effects of mycorrhization over a wide range of combinations between n availability, n concentration in plant tissues, and degree of mycorrhizal co ... | 2008 | 18719949 |
| patterns of divergence among conifer ests and polymorphism in pinus sylvestris identify putative selective sweeps. | finding genes that are under positive selection is a difficult task, especially in non-model organisms. here, we have analyzed expressed sequence tag (est) data from 4 species (pinus pinaster, pinus taeda, picea glauca, and pseudotsuga menziesii) to investigate selection patterns during their evolution and to identify genes likely to be under positive selection. to confirm selection, population samples of these genes have been sequenced in pinus sylvestris, a species that was not included in the ... | 2008 | 18775901 |
| envelope-like retrotransposons in the plant kingdom: evidence of their presence in gymnosperms (pinus pinaster). | retroviruses differ from retrotransposons due to their infective capacity, which depends critically on the encoded envelope. some plant retroelements contain domains reminiscent of the env of animal retroviruses but the number of such elements described to date is restricted to angiosperms. we show here the first evidence of the presence of putative env-like gene sequences in a gymnosperm species, pinus pinaster (maritime pine). using a degenerate primer approach for conserved domains of rnaseh ... | 2008 | 18925379 |
| temporal and spatial dynamics of primary and secondary infection by armillaria ostoyae in a pinus pinaster plantation. | abstract epidemiological investigations were performed in a 3-ha maritime pine (pinus pinaster) plantation established on a site heavily infested by armillaria ostoyae. geostatistics were used to examine the density and the distribution of the initial inoculum. disease dynamics were monitored for 17 years after planting. on the whole site, the cumulative mortality rate reached 35% over this period, plateauing at 12 years. disease progress curves differed according to the density of the initial i ... | 2004 | 18943534 |
| characterization of juvenile maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) ectomycorrhizal fungal community using morphotyping, direct sequencing and fruitbodies sampling. | using ectomycorrhizal root tip morphotyping (anatomical and morphological identification), molecular analysis (internal transcribed spacer region amplification and sequencing), and fruitbody sampling, we assessed diversity and composition of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community colonizing juvenile pinus pinaster ait. under natural conditions in nw spain. overall, we found 15 basidiomycetes and two ascomycetes. members of the family thelephoraceae represented up to 59.4% of the samples. the most ... | 2009 | 18972139 |
| the auxin-inducible gh3 homologue pp-gh3.16 is downregulated in pinus pinaster root systems on ectomycorrhizal symbiosis establishment. | in an attempt to determine whether auxin-regulated plant genes play a role in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis establishment, we screened a pinus pinaster root cdna library for auxin-upregulated genes. this allowed the identification of a cdna, pp-gh3.16, which encodes a polypeptide sharing extensive homologies with gh3 proteins of different plants. pp-gh3.16 was specifically upregulated by auxins and was not affected by cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid or ethylene, or by heat shock, water stress ... | 2006 | 16608463 |
| microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasonic extraction to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in needles and bark of pinus pinaster ait. and pinus pinea l. by gc-ms. | two different extraction strategies (microwave-assisted extraction (mae) and ultrasonic extraction (use)) were tested in the extraction of the 16 us environmental protection agency (epa) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) from pine trees. extraction of needles and bark from two pine species common in the iberian peninsula (pinus pinaster ait. and pinus pinea l.) was optimized using two amounts of sample (1g and 5 g) and two pahs spiking levels (20 ng/g and 100 ng/g). in all cases, the clean ... | 2009 | 19064100 |
| expression of the nitrate transporter nrt2 gene from the symbiotic basidiomycete hebeloma cylindrosporum is affected by host plant and carbon sources. | although the function of the extramatrical mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi is considered essential for the acquisition of nitrogen by forest trees, gene regulation in this fungal compartment is poorly characterized. in this study, the expression of the nitrate transporter gene nrt2 from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete hebeloma cylindrosporum was shown to be regulated by plant host and carbon sources. in the presence of a low fructose concentration, nrt2 expression could not be detected in th ... | 2009 | 19125303 |
| enzymes of glyoxylate in conifers. | the high level of lipids in seeds of some species of conifers suggested that the glyoxylate cycle might have a role in conifer seed metabolism.six species (pinus pinea, pinus pinaster, pinus canariensis, pinus strobus, abies alba, and cupressus sempervirens) were investigated for their lipid content and malate synthase and isocitrate lyase level. the fatty acid composition of the triglyceride fraction was also investigated. the correlation between lipid content of germinating seed with the prese ... | 1968 | 16656892 |
| molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis reveal essential residues for catalysis in a prokaryote-type aspartate aminotransferase. | we recently reported that aspartate (asp) biosynthesis in plant chloroplasts is catalyzed by two different asp aminotransferases (aat): a previously characterized eukaryote type and a prokaryote type (pt-aat) similar to bacterial and archaebacterial enzymes. the available molecular and kinetic data suggest that the eukaryote-type aat is involved in the shuttling of reducing equivalents through the plastidic membrane, whereas the pt-aat could be involved in the biosynthesis of the asp-derived ami ... | 2009 | 19176717 |
| spatial distribution of cytosolic nadp(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenase in pine embryos and seedlings. | cytosolic nadp(+)-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase (nadp(+)-idh) is considered the main enzyme catalyzing the production of 2-oxoglutarate for amino acid biosynthesis in plants. we characterized a full-length cdna encoding the cytosolic nadp(+)-idh in the gymnosperm pinus pinaster ait. the deduced amino acid sequence exhibited high homology with available sequences in angiosperms. genomic analysis indicated that only one gene, or two genes with a high degree of homology, encodes the protein in p. ... | 2008 | 19193560 |
| functional traits and plasticity in response to light in seedlings of four iberian forest tree species. | we investigated the differential roles of physiological and morphological features on seedling survivorship along an experimental irradiance gradient in four dominant species of cool temperate-mediterranean forests (quercus robur l., quercus pyrenaica willd., pinus sylvestris l. and pinus pinaster ait.). the lowest photochemical efficiency (f(v)/f(m) in dark-adapted leaves) was reached in deep shade (1% of full sunlight) in all species except q. robur, which had the lowest photochemical efficien ... | 2006 | 16877327 |
| ferritin oxidation and proteasomal degradation: protection by antioxidants. | the accumulation of oxidatively damaged proteins is a well-known hallmark of aging and several neurodegenerative diseases including alzheimer's, parkinson's and huntigton's diseases. these highly oxidized protein aggregates are in general not degradable by the main intracellular proteolytic machinery, the proteasomal system. one possible strategy to reduce the accumulation of such oxidized protein aggregates is the prevention of the formation of oxidized protein derivatives or to reduce the prot ... | 2006 | 16983994 |
| nitrogen transport in the ectomycorrhiza association: the hebeloma cylindrosporum-pinus pinaster model. | the function of the ectomycorrhizal mutualism depends on the ability of the fungal symbionts to take up nutrients (particularly nitrogen) available in inorganic and/or organic form in the soil and to translocate them (or their metabolites) to the symbiotic roots. a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying nutrient exchanges between fungus and plant at the symbiotic interface is necessary to fully understand the function of the mycorrhizal symbioses. the present review reports ... | 2007 | 17083951 |
| effective gene dispersal and female reproductive success in mediterranean maritime pine (pinus pinaster aiton). | understanding population-scale processes that affect allele frequency changes across generations is a long-standing interest in genetic, ecological and evolutionary research. in particular, individual differences in female reproductive success and the spatial scale of gene flow considerably affect evolutionary change and patterns of local selection. in this study, a recently developed maximum-likelihood (ml) method based on established offspring, the seedling neighbourhood model, was applied and ... | 2006 | 17107484 |
| chromatographic fingerprint analysis of pycnogenol dietary supplements. | the bark of maritime pine (pinus pinaster aiton) has been widely used as a remedy for various degenerative diseases. a standard high-performance liquid chromatographic (hplc) procedure for pycnogenol analysis is a method specified in the united states pharmacopeia (usp) monograph, which requires measurement of peak areas and identification of four components of the extract: caffeic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, and taxifolin. in this study, a fingerprint analysis using an hplc method based on th ... | 2009 | 19485224 |
| zygotic and somatic embryo morphogenesis in pinus pinaster: comparative histological and histochemical study. | we compared morphogenesis and accumulation of storage proteins and starch in pinus pinaster ait. zygotic embryos with those in somatic embryos grown with different carbohydrate sources. the maturation medium for somatic embryos included 80 microm abscisic acid (aba), 9 g l(-1) gellam gum and either glucose, sucrose or maltose at 44, 88, 175 or 263 mm in the presence or absence of 6% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (peg) 4000 mw. maturation medium containing 44 or 88 mm of a carbohydrate source produce ... | 2007 | 17267357 |
| carbon stable isotope ratio of phloem sugars in mature pine trees throughout the growing season: comparison of two extraction methods. | the study presents a comparison of two phloem sugar extraction methods. the amount of phloem sugar extracted and the carbon isotope composition (delta(13)c) of the total extracts and of the main phloem compounds separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (sucrose, glucose, fructose and pinitol) are compared. these two phloem sap extraction methods are exudation in distilled water and a new method using centrifugation, which avoids the addition of any solvent. we applied both extraction ... | 2009 | 19603462 |
| flow cytometric and morphological analyses of pinus pinaster somatic embryogenesis. | an approach combining morphological profiling and flow cytometric analysis was used to assess genetic stability during the several steps of somatic embryogenesis in pinus pinaster. embryogenic cell lines of p. pinaster were established from immature zygotic embryos excised from seeds obtained from open-pollinated trees. during the maturation stage, phenotype of somatic embryos was characterized as being either normal or abnormal. based upon the prevalent morphological traits, different types of ... | 2009 | 19665503 |
| spatial distribution of the below-ground mycelia of an ectomycorrhizal fungus inferred from specific quantification of its dna in soil samples. | in natural forest ecosystems several ectomycorrhizal fungal species cohabit on host plant root systems. to evaluate the ecological and functional impact of each species, it is necessary to appreciate the distribution and abundance of its mycelia in the soil. we developed a competitive pcr (cpcr) method for the basidiomycete hebeloma cylindrosporum that allows quantification of its dna in complex dna mixtures extracted directly from soil samples. the target sequence chosen for the cpcr analysis w ... | 2002 | 19709306 |
| dynamics of ectomycorrhizal mycelial growth and p transfer to the host plant in response to low and high soil p availability. | the aim of this work was to investigate the quantitative relationships between the rates of fungal soil exploration and their effects on plant growth and phosphorus (p) nutrition in soil with varying p availability. ectomycorrhizal associations were established between pinus pinaster and the basidiomycete hebeloma cylindrosporum. plants were grown for 4 and 6 months in mini-rhizoboxes filled with a 0.5 mm soil layer with two contrasting p levels (-p and +p soils), containing 3 or 50 mg of bicarb ... | 2004 | 19712398 |
| spatial genetic structure in continuous and fragmented populations of pinus pinaster aiton. | habitat fragmentation, i.e., the reduction of populations into small isolated remnants, is expected to increase spatial genetic structure (sgs) in plant populations through nonrandom mating, lower population densities and potential aggregation of reproductive individuals. we investigated the effects of population size reduction and genetic isolation on sgs in maritime pine (pinus pinaster aiton) using a combined experimental and simulation approach. maritime pine is a wind-pollinated conifer whi ... | 2009 | 19793351 |
| the combined effect of pycnogenol with ascorbic acid and trolox on the oxidation of lipids and proteins. | pycnogenol (pyc), a procyanidin-rich extract of french maritime pine bark (pinus pinaster) has strong antioxidant potential and promotes cellular health. the aim of this study was to investigate a possible cooperation of natural antioxidant pyc with synthetic antioxidants ascorbic acid and trolox in the model system of lipid peroxidation determined as conjugated dienes formation in liposomes and on the oxidation of proteins (in bsa and plasma proteins) determined as protein carbonyls. the presen ... | 2006 | 17356231 |
| inhibitory effect of jasmonic acid and ethylene on epicotyl growth and bud induction in the maritime pine, pinus pinaster soland. in ait. | two independent parameters, epicotyl height (cm) and number of induced buds were studied on pinus pinaster explants to analyse the effects of three phytohormones (6-benzylaminopurine, jasmonic acid, ethylene) which were combined or not in 11 different treatments. epicotyle length diminished significantly in relation to the control medium (medium without exogen phytohormones) in presence of jasmonic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine or ethephon (which is converted to ethylene in plants) in any of treatme ... | 2009 | 20067029 |
| levels and sources of pahs in selected sites from portugal: biomonitoring with pinus pinea and pinus pinaster needles. | pine needle samples from two pine species (pinus pinaster ait. and pinus pinea l.) were collected at 29 sites scattered throughout portugal, in order to biomonitor the levels and trends of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). the values obtained for the sum of all pahs ranged from 76 to 1944 ng/g [dry weight (dw)]. despite the apparent matrix similarities between both pine species, p. pinaster needles revealed higher mean entrapment levels than p. pinea (748 and 399 ng/g (dw) per site, re ... | 2010 | 20107982 |
| range-wide phylogeography and gene zones in pinus pinaster ait. revealed by chloroplast microsatellite markers. | some 1339 trees from 48 pinus pinaster stands were characterized by five chloroplast microsatellites, detecting a total of 103 distinct haplotypes. frequencies for the 16 most abundant haplotypes (p(k) > 0.01) were spatially interpolated over a lattice made by 430 grid points. fitting of spatially interpolated values on raw haplotype frequencies at the same geographical location was tested by regression analysis. a range-wide 'diversity map' based on interpolated haplotype frequencies allowed th ... | 2007 | 17498237 |
| elemental levels in tree-bark and epiphytic-lichen transplants at a mixed environment in mainland portugal, and comparisons with an in situ lichen. | samples of platanus hybrida brot. bark and flavoparmelia caperata (l.) hale thalli, from a clean area in northern portugal (baião), were transplanted into an exposure location at the south-western atlantic coast, impacted by urban-industrial emissions (sines), for a 10-month long experiment. bark pieces were confined into nylon bags (2-mm mesh), and lichen thalli kept with their bark substrate (pinus pinaster (ait.) sol.). every two months, a double set of transplants (one for bark, one for lich ... | 2008 | 17689160 |
| long-term effects of aided phytostabilisation of trace elements on microbial biomass and activity, enzyme activities, and composition of microbial community in the jales contaminated mine spoils. | we studied the effectiveness of remediation on microbial endpoints, namely microbial biomass and activity, microbial and plant species richness, of an as-contaminated mine spoil, amended with compost (c) alone and in combination with beringite (b) or zerovalent iron grit (z), to increase organic matter content and reduce trace elements mobility, and to allow holcus lanatus and pinus pinaster growth. untreated spoil showed the lowest microbial biomass and activity and hydrolase activities, and h. ... | 2008 | 17692442 |
| kinetics of no3(-) net fluxes in pinus pinaster, rhizopogon roseolus and their ectomycorrhizal association, as affected by the presence of no3(-) and nh4+. | the impact of mineral n supply, n-free or no3(-) with or without nh4+, on the subsequent uptake of no3(-) by maritime pine seedlings associated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus rhizopogon roseolus was studied using ion-selective microelectrodes. no3(-) net fluxes into n-starved non-mycorrhizal short roots (nmsrs) were low and measurable only over the no3(-) concentration range of 0-70 microm. the simple kinetics observed in those roots may reflect the dominant operation of a high-affinity no3(-) ... | 2007 | 17727420 |
| in vitro vs in silico detected snps for the development of a genotyping array: what can we learn from a non-model species? | there is considerable interest in the high-throughput discovery and genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) to accelerate genetic mapping and enable association studies. this study provides an assessment of est-derived and resequencing-derived snp quality in maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.), a conifer characterized by a huge genome size ( approximately 23.8 gb/c). | 2010 | 20543950 |
| contribution of galloylation and polymerization to the antioxidant activity of polyphenols in fish lipid systems. | polyphenolic fractions extracted from pine (pinus pinaster) bark, grape (vitis vinifera) pomace, and witch hazel (hamamelis virginiana) bark were selected for investigating the influence of the number of phenolic units, polymerization, and the content of esterified galloyl residues (galloylation) on their efficacy for inhibiting lipid oxidation in fish lipid enriched foodstuffs. experiments carried out with nongalloylated pine bark fractions with different polymerization degrees demonstrated tha ... | 2010 | 20550219 |
| the distribution of quercus suber chloroplast haplotypes matches the palaeogeographical history of the western mediterranean. | combining molecular analyses with geological and palaeontological data may reveal timing and modes for the divergence of lineages within species. the mediterranean basin is particularly appropriate for this kind of multidisciplinary studies, because of its complex geological history and biological diversity. here, we investigated chloroplast dna of quercus suber populations in order to detect possible relationships between their geographical distribution and the palaeogeographical history of the ... | 2007 | 17995923 |
| molecular footprints of local adaptation in two mediterranean conifers. | this study combines neutrality tests and environmental correlations to identify nonneutral patterns of evolution in candidate genes related to drought stress in two closely related mediterranean conifers, pinus pinaster ait. and p. halepensis mill. based on previous studies, we selected twelve amplicons covering six candidate genes that were sequenced in a large sample spanning the full range of these two species. neutrality tests relatively robust to demography (dhew compound test and maximum l ... | 2011 | 20656795 |
| evidence for an operative glutamine translocator in chloroplasts from maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) cotyledons. | in higher plants, ammonium is assimilated into amino acids through the glutamine synthetase (gs)/glutamate synthase (gogat) cycle. this metabolic cycle is distributed in different cellular compartments in conifer seedlings: glutamine synthesis occurs in the cytosol and glutamate synthesis within the chloroplast. a method for preparing intact chloroplasts of pine cotyledons is presented with the aim of identifying a glutamine-glutamate translocator. glutamine-glutamate exchange has been studied u ... | 2010 | 20701694 |
| ectomycorrhizal fungi as an alternative to the use of chemical fertilisers in nursery production of pinus pinaster. | addition of fertilisers is a common practice in nursery production of conifer seedlings. the aim of this study was to evaluate whether ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi can be an alternative to the use of chemical fertilisers in the nursery production of pinus pinaster. a greenhouse nursery experiment was conducted by inoculating seedlings obtained from seeds of p. pinaster plus trees with a range of compatible ecm fungi: (1) thelephora terrestris, (2) rhizopogon vulgaris, (3) a mixture of pisolithus ... | 2010 | 20702021 |
| comprehensive assessment of pine needles as bioindicators of pahs using multivariate analysis. the importance of temporal trends. | the importance of the annual and seasonal trends associated to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) biomonitoring by pine needles are studied with a comprehensive use of univariate and multivariate analysis tools. for this purpose, four pine needle sampling campaigns (winter, spring, summer and autumn 2007) were carried out in 29 sites from portugal. needles from pinus pinaster ait. and pinus pinea l. trees were collected from all year-classes available in each tree, corresponding to the ... | 2010 | 20833410 |
| pycnogenol, french maritime pine bark extract, augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans. | pycnogenol, an extract of bark from the french maritime pine, pinus pinaster ait., consists of a concentrate of water-soluble polyphenols. pycnogenol contains the bioflavonoids catechin and taxifolin as well as phenolcarbonic acids. antioxidants, such as bioflavonoids, enhance endothelial nitric oxide (no) synthase expression and subsequent no release from endothelial cells. the purpose of this study was to determine pycnogenol's effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans. this was ... | 2007 | 18037769 |
| characterization and developmental expression of a glutamate decarboxylase from maritime pine. | glutamate decarboxylase (gad, ec 4.1.1.15) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) in higher plants. a complete cdna encoding glutamate decarboxylase (gad, ec 4.1.1.15) was characterized from pinus pinaster ait, and its expression pattern was studied to gain insight into the role of gad in the differentiation of the vascular system. pine gad contained a c-terminal region with conserved residues and a predicted secondary structure similar to the calmodulin (cam)-binding dom ... | 2010 | 20859639 |
| [associating serenoa repens, urtica dioica and pinus pinaster. safety and efficacy in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms. prospective study on 320 patients]. | serenoa repens (saw palmetto) has been employed for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (luts) for several years. its mechanism of action is believed to be due to antiandrogenic, antiproliferative and antinflammatory properties. an association of serenoa with the nettle "urtica dioica" showing antiproliferative activity and the pine "pinus pinaster" derivative, showing antinflammatory action, has been proposed in recent years. such an action is hoped to act not only by reducing luts bu ... | 2010 | 20890858 |
| structure-activity relationships of polyphenols to prevent lipid oxidation in pelagic fish muscle. | the influence of polymerization (number of monomers) and galloylation (content of esterified gallates) of oligomeric catechins (proanthocyanidins) on their effectiveness to prevent lipid oxidation in pelagic fish muscle was evaluated. non-galloylated oligomers of catechin with diverse mean polymerization (1.9-3.4 monomeric units) were extracted from pine ( pinus pinaster ) bark. homologous fractions with galloylation ranging from 0.25 to <1 gallate group per molecule were obtained from grape ( v ... | 2010 | 20925315 |
| afforestation alters community structure of soil fungi. | relatively little is known about the effect of afforestation on soil fungal communities. this study demonstrated that afforestation altered fungal community structure and that changes were correlated to pools of soil c. pasture at three locations on the same soil type was afforested with eucalyptus globulus or pinus pinaster. the structure of fungal communities under the three land uses was measured after 13y using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (arisa). afforestation significant ... | 2010 | 20943169 |
| predicting the decline in daily maximum transpiration rate of two pine stands during drought based on constant minimum leaf water potential and plant hydraulic conductance. | the effect of drought on forest water use is often estimated with models, but comprehensive models require many parameters, and simple models may not be sufficiently flexible. many tree species, pinus species in particular, have been shown to maintain a constant minimum leaf water potential above the critical threshold for xylem embolism during drought. in such cases, prediction of the relative decline in daily maximum transpiration rate with decreasing soil water content is relatively straightf ... | 2008 | 18055437 |
| "contrasting patterns of selection at pinus pinaster ait. drought stress candidate genes as revealed by genetic differentiation analyses". | the importance of natural selection for shaping adaptive trait differentiation among natural populations of allogamous tree species has long been recognized. determining the molecular basis of local adaptation remains largely unresolved, and the respective roles of selection and demography in shaping population structure are actively debated. using a multilocus scan that aims to detect outliers from simulated neutral expectations, we analyzed patterns of nucleotide diversity and genetic differen ... | 2008 | 18065486 |
| a review on biological, nutraceutical and clinical aspects of french maritime pine bark extract. | bark extract of pinus pinaster has a long history of ethnomedicinal use and is available commercially as herbal dietary supplement with proprietary name pycnogenol. it is used as a food supplement to overcome many degenerative disorders. rohdewald (2002) wrote the first comprehensive review of extract highlighting its antioxidative nature and its role in different diseases. later, watson (2003) and gulati (2005) in their reviews about cardiovascular health, described the extract as a best neutra ... | 2010 | 21044675 |
| on the use of phloem sap δ¹³c as an indicator of canopy carbon discrimination. | in this study we measured δ¹³c in various carbon pools along the basipetal transport pathway in co-occurring pinus pinaster and acacia longifolia trees under mediterranean climate conditions in the field. overall, species differences in photosynthetic discrimination resulted in more enriched δ¹³c values in the water-conserving overstory p. pinaster relative to the water-spending understory invasive a. longifolia. post-photosynthetic fractionation effects resulted in differences in δ¹³c of water- ... | 2010 | 21071770 |
| the strait of gibraltar as a major biogeographic barrier in mediterranean conifers: a comparative phylogeographic survey. | the strait of gibraltar (sg) is reputed for being both a bridge and a geographic barrier to biological exchanges between europe and africa. major genetic breaks associated with this strait have been identified in various taxa, but it is unknown whether these disjunctions have been produced simultaneously or by independent biogeographic processes. here, the genetic structure of five conifers distributed on both sides of the sg was investigated using mitochondrial (nad1 b/c, nad5-1, nad5-4 and nad ... | 2010 | 21073588 |
| mycorrhizal association of maritime pine, pinus pinaster, with rhizopogon roseolus has contrasting effects on the uptake from soil and root-to-shoot transfer of 137cs, 85sr and 95mtc. | the beneficial role of mycorrhizal association on plant nutrition and water supply is well-known, however, very little information exists with respect to the availability of radionuclides. we have measured the effect of controlled mycorrhizal association on the root uptake from soil and accumulation in leaves of three radionuclides. the radionuclides have contrasting chemical and biological properties: cs is strongly adsorbed on soil, has no biological role and is a close analogue of potassium; ... | 2008 | 18295942 |
| diversity of bacteria associated with bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other nematodes isolated from pinus pinaster trees with pine wilt disease. | the pinewood nematode (pwn), bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has been thought to be the only causal agent of pine wilt disease (pwd), however, since bacteria have been suggested to play a role in pwd, it is important to know the diversity of the microbial community associated to it. this study aimed to assess the microbial community associated with b. xylophilus and with other nematodes isolated from pine trees, pinus pinaster, with pwd from three different affected forest areas in portugal. one hun ... | 2010 | 21151611 |
| in situ assessment of the velocity of carbon transfer by tracing (13) c in trunk co(2) efflux after pulse labelling: variations among tree species and seasons. | • phloem is the main pathway for transferring photosynthates belowground. in situ(13) c pulse labelling of trees 8-10 m tall was conducted in the field on 10 beech (fagus sylvatica) trees, six sessile oak (quercus petraea) trees and 10 maritime pine (pinus pinaster) trees throughout the growing season. • respired (13) co(2) from trunks was tracked at different heights using tunable diode laser absorption spectrometry to determine time lags and the velocity of carbon transfer (v). the isotope com ... | 2011 | 21231935 |
| molecular and phenotypic profiling from the base to the crown in maritime pine wood-forming tissue. | environmental, developmental and genetic factors affect variation in wood properties at the chemical, anatomical and physical levels. here, the phenotypic variation observed along the tree stem was explored and the hypothesis tested that this variation could be the result of the differential expression of genes/proteins during wood formation. differentiating xylem samples of maritime pine (pinus pinaster) were collected from the top (crown wood, cw) to the bottom (base wood, bw) of adult trees. ... | 2008 | 18298434 |
| a maritime pine antimicrobial peptide involved in ammonium nutrition. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are involved in the innate defence of plants against pathogens. we have characterizated two amp genes, ppamp1 and ppamp2, showing different molecular structure and physicochemical properties. ppamp1 and ppamp2 displayed different expression patterns in maritime pine seedlings and adult trees. our work indicates that ppamp1 is regulated by ammonium availability in maritime pine roots and we present experimental evidence that it is involved in ammonium uptake. | 2011 | 21535015 |
| population dynamics of bacteria associated with different strains of the pine wood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus after inoculation in maritime pine (pinus pinaster). | for a long time it was thought that bursaphelenchus xylophilus was the only agent of the pine wilt disease. recently, it was discovered that there are bacteria associated with the nematodes that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease, mainly through the release of toxins that promote the death of the pines. among the species most commonly found, are bacteria belonging to the bacillus, pantoea, pseudomonas and xanthomonas genera. the main objective of this work was to study the effect of ... | 2011 | 21570967 |
| crown structure and wood properties: influence on tree sway and response to high winds. | wind can alter plant growth and cause extensive, irreversible damage in forested areas. to better understand how to mitigate the effects of wind action, we investigated the sensitivity of tree aerodynamic behavior to the material and geometrical factors characterizing the aerial system. the mechanical response of a 35-yr-old maritime pine (pinus pinaster, pinaceae) submitted to static and dynamic wind loads is simulated with a finite element model. the branching structure is represented in three ... | 2009 | 21628241 |
| genetic determinism of δ3-carene in maritime pine using rapd markers. | an f2 progeny of maritime pine (pinus pinaster aïton) was used to investigate the mode of inheritance of δ3-carene using a quantitative and a qualitative approach. a previously reported genetic map constructed with random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers made it possible to locate one major quantitative trait locus (qtl) accounting for most of the phenotypic variation of this trait on linkage group 5. in the qualitative approach, the "c" locus that controls the relative quantity of ... | 1996 | 18469960 |
| evolution of genetic variation for selected traits in successive breeding populations of maritime pine. | directional selection impacts a trait distribution by shifting its mean and reducing its variance. the change of variance is of major importance as the response to selection in subsequent generations is highly dependent of the genetic variability available in the population. in this contribution, evolution of genetic variation was investigated through the first breeding populations of the french maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) breeding program. we considered three populations: p0 (the forest ... | 2008 | 18523446 |
| protective effect of pycnogenol-« on ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. | pycnogenol-« (pyc) is a natural plant extract from the bark of pinus pinaster and has potent antioxidant activities. the protective effect of pyc on bone loss was studied in multiparous ovariectomized (ovx) female rats. pycnogenol-« (30 or 15ôçëmg/kg body weight/day) was administered orally to 8-month-old ovx rats for 3ôçëmonths. at the end of the experiment, bone strength was measured by a three-point bending test and bone mineral density was estimated by peripheral quantitative computed tomogr ... | 2011 | 21710590 |
| genetic structure of an expanding armillaria root rot fungus (armillaria ostoyae) population in a managed pine forest in southwestern france. | the landes de gascogne forest (southwestern france) is the largest maritime pine (pinus pinaster) plantation in europe. armillaria root disease (armillaria ostoyae) has been reported since the early 1920s in the coastal area (western sector), but its incidence over the last 20 years has increased in the eastern sector. we investigated the genetic structure of the a. ostoyae population in this forest, focusing particularly on geographical differentiation potentially indicative of disease expansio ... | 2008 | 18564091 |
| two differentially regulated phosphate transporters from the symbiotic fungus hebeloma cylindrosporum and phosphorus acquisition by ectomycorrhizal pinus pinaster. | ectomycorrhizal symbiosis markedly improves plant phosphate uptake, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this benefit are still poorly understood. we identified two ests in a cdna library prepared from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete hebeloma cylindrosporum with significant similarities to phosphate transporters from the endomycorrhizal fungus glomus versiforme and from non-mycorrhizal fungi. the full-length cdnas corresponding to these two ests complemented a yeast phosphate transport muta ... | 2009 | 19054369 |
| analysis of genetic stability at ssr loci during somatic embryogenesis in maritime pine (pinus pinaster). | somatic embryogenesis (se) is a propagation tool of particular interest for accelerating the deployment of new high-performance planting stock in multivarietal forestry. however, genetic conformity in in vitro propagated plants should be assessed as early as possible, especially in long-living trees such as conifers. the main objective of this work was to study such conformity based on genetic stability at simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci during somatic embryogenesis in maritime pine (pinus pin ... | 2009 | 19153739 |
| adaptation of fine roots to annual fertilization and irrigation in a 13-year-old pinus pinaster stand. | effects of fertilization and irrigation on fine roots and fungal hyphae were studied in 13-year-old maritime pine (pinus pinaster aït. in soland), 7 years after the initiation of the treatments. the fertilization trials consisted of a phosphorus treatment, a complete fertilizer treatment (n, p, k, ca and mg), and an unfertilized treatment (control). fertilizers were applied annually and were adjusted according to foliar target values. two irrigation regimes (no irrigation and irrigation of a set ... | 2009 | 19203948 |
| Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical effects of Pinus pinaster bark extract. | In everyday life, our body generates free radicals and other reactive oxygen species which are derived either from the endogenous metabolic processes (within the body) or from external sources. Many clinical and pharmacological studies suggest that natural antioxidants can prevent oxidative damage. Among the natural antioxidant products, Pycnogenol(®) (French Pinus pinaster bark extract) has been received considerable attention because of its strong free radical-scavenging activity against react ... | 2011 | 22049273 |
| Emission factors from residential combustion appliances burning Portuguese biomass fuels. | Smoke from residential wood burning has been identified as a major contributor to air pollution, motivating detailed emission measurements under controlled conditions. A series of experiments were performed to compare the emission levels from two types of wood-stoves to those of fireplaces. Eight types of biomass were burned in the laboratory: wood from seven species of trees grown in the Portuguese forest (Pinus pinaster, Eucalyptus globulus, Quercus suber, Acacia longifolia, Quercus faginea, O ... | 2011 | 22027805 |
| identification of water stress genes in pinus pinaster ait. by controlled progressive stress and suppression-subtractive hybridization. | climate change is a major challenge particularly for forest tree species, which will have to face the severe alterations of environmental conditions with their current genetic pool. thus, an understanding of their adaptive responses is of the utmost interest. in this work we have selected pinus pinaster as a model species. this pine is one of the most important conifers (for which molecular tools and knowledge are far more scarce than for angiosperms) in the mediterranean basin, which is charact ... | 2012 | 22099518 |
| precision and selection of extraction methods of aphelenchid nematodes from maritime pine wood, pinus pinaster l. | four extraction methods for bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other aphelenchid nematodes were compared on the number of nematodes per gram recovered, and on the precision of the mean number of nematodes per gram of pine wood. the number of nematodes per gram recovered by each method, in addition to its inherent shortcomings when the actual number of nematodes is unknown, failed to provide clear rankings among the extraction methods. the precision of the mean number of nematodes per gram did provid ... | 2002 | 19265909 |
| galloylated polyphenols efficiently reduce alpha-tocopherol radicals in a phospholipid model system composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) micelles. | the ability of several polyphenolic fractions from grape ( vitis vinifera ) pomace, pine ( pinus pinaster ) bark, and witch hazel ( hammamelis virginiana ) bark to repair alpha-tocopherol (alpha-toh) through reduction of the alpha-tocopheroxyl radical was investigated in a homogeneous hexane system and a phospholipid-like system based on sds micelles. these natural polyphenols were compared with pure related phenolics (epicatechin, gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, and rutin) and ... | 2009 | 19422241 |
| a single-substrate model to interpret intra-annual stable isotope signals in tree-ring cellulose. | the carbon and oxygen stable isotope composition of wood cellulose (delta(13)c(cellulose) and delta(18)o(cellulose), respectively) reveal well-defined seasonal variations that contain valuable records of past climate, leaf gas exchange and carbon allocation dynamics within the trees. here, we present a single-substrate model for wood growth to interpret seasonal isotopic signals collected in an even-aged maritime pine plantation growing in south-west france, where climate, soil and flux variable ... | 2009 | 19422614 |
| naturally-assisted metal phytoextraction by brassica carinata: role of root exudates. | due to relatively high chelant dosages and potential environmental risks it is necessary to explore different approaches in the remediation of metal-contaminated soils. the present study focussed on the removal of metals (as, cd, cu, pb and zn) from a multiple metal-contaminated soil by growing brassica carinata plants in succession to spontaneous metallicolous populations of pinus pinaster, plantago lanceolata and silene paradoxa. the results showed that the growth of the metallicolous populati ... | 2009 | 19497650 |
| intraspecific variation in pinus pinaster psii photochemical efficiency in response to winter stress and freezing temperatures. | as part of a program to select maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) genotypes for resistance to low winter temperatures, we examined variation in photosystem ii activity by chlorophyll fluorescence. populations and families within populations from contrasting climates were tested during two consecutive winters through two progeny trials, one located at a continental and xeric site and one at a mesic site with atlantic influence. we also obtained the lt(50), or the temperature that causes 50% dama ... | 2011 | 22220195 |
| pinus pinaster seedlings and their fungal symbionts show high plasticity in phosphorus acquisition in acidic soils. | young seedlings of maritime pine (pinus pinaster soland in aït.) were grown in rhizoboxes using intact spodosol soil samples from the southwest of france, in landes of gascogne, presenting a large variation of phosphorus (p) availability. soils were collected from a 93-year-old unfertilized stand and a 13-year-old p. pinaster stand with regular annual fertilization of either only p or p and nitrogen (n). after 6 months of culture in controlled conditions, different morphotypes of ectomycorrhiza ... | 2009 | 19840995 |
| sensitivity to zinc of mediterranean woody species important for restoration. | heavy metals have increased in natural woodlands and shrublands over the last several decades as a consequence of anthropogenic activities. however, our knowledge of the effects of these elements on woody species is scarce. in this study, we examined the responses of six mediterranean woody species to increasing levels of zinc in hydroponic culture and discussed the possible implications for the restoration of contaminated sites. the species used, pinus pinea l., pinus pinaster ait., pinus halep ... | 2010 | 20189221 |
| carbon allocation in ectomycorrhizal plants at limited optimal n supply: an attempt aat unraveling conflicting theories. | with regard to mycorrhiza, conflicting theories try to explain how the balance between fungal demand for carbohydrates and the plant’s needs for nutrients varies, resulting in conflicting predictions. in order to evaluate current concepts, we investigated some metabolic parameters, which are indicative for plant carbon allocation in response to mycorrhization at limited and optimal n supply. pinus pinaster seedlings were inoculated with living or dead (control) cultures of pisolithus tinctorius, ... | 2011 | 20393757 |
| characterization of bacteria associated with pinewood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus. | pine wilt disease (pwd) is a complex disease integrating three major agents: the pathogenic agent, the pinewood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus; the insect-vector monochamus spp.; and the host pine tree, pinus sp. since the early 80's, the notion that another pathogenic agent, namely bacteria, may play a role in pwd has been gaining traction, however the role of bacteria in pwd is still unknown. the present work supports the possibility that some b. xylophilus-associated bacteria may play a ... | 2012 | 23091599 |
| inhibitory effects of thai essential oils on potentially aflatoxigenic aspergillus parasiticus and aspergillus flavus. | the antiaflatoxigenic and antifungal activities of essential oils (eos) of finger root (boesenbergia rotunda (l.) mansf.), pine (pinus pinaster), rosewood (aniba rosaedora), siam benzoin (styrax tonkinensis), thai moringa (moringa oleifera), and ylang ylang (cananga odorata) were tested for aspergillus parasiticus and aspergillus flavus in potato dextrose broth. aflatoxin b1 (afb1) was extracted from culture using a quechers-based extraction procedure and analyzed with high performance liquid ch ... | 2017 | 28367868 |
| characterization of soil phosphorus in a fire-affected forest cambisol by chemical extractions and (31)p-nmr spectroscopy analysis. | this study was conducted to investigate the long-term effects of fire on soil phosphorus (p) and to determine the efficiency of different procedures in extracting soil p forms. different p forms were determined: labile forms (olsen-p, bray-p, and p extracted by anion exchange membranes: aem-p); moderately labile inorganic and organic p, obtained by naoh-edta extraction after removing the aem-p fraction; and total organic and inorganic soil p. (31)p-nmr spectroscopy was used to characterize the s ... | 2010 | 20452650 |
| efficiency of acid phosphatases secreted from the ectomycorrhizal fungus hebeloma cylindrosporum to hydrolyse organic phosphorus in podzols. | ectomycorrhizal fungi may improve the phosphate nutrition of their host plants by secreting, into the soil solution, acid phosphatases (acpases) able to release orthophosphate (pi) from soil organic phosphorus (po). using cation-exchange chromatography, we separated four fractions with acpase activity secreted by the ectomycorrhizal fungus hebeloma cylindrosporum grown in a pure culture under p-starved conditions. each acpase active fraction displayed strong ability in vitro to hydrolyse a wide ... | 2010 | 20533944 |
| evidence for an opportunistic and endophytic lifestyle of the bursaphelenchus xylophilus-associated bacteria serratia marcescens pwn146 isolated from wilting pinus pinaster. | pine wilt disease (pwd) results from the interaction of three elements: the pathogenic nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus; the insect-vector, monochamus sp.; and the host tree, mostly pinus species. bacteria isolated from b. xylophilus may be a fourth element in this complex disease. however, the precise role of bacteria in this interaction is unclear as both plant-beneficial and as plant-pathogenic bacteria may be associated with pwd. using whole genome sequencing and phenotypic characterizat ... | 2016 | 27461253 |
| pycnogenol: a blend of procyanidins with multifaceted therapeutic applications? | great interest is currently centred on the biologic activities of pycnogenol a standardized plant extract obtained from the bark of the french maritime pine pinus pinaster (formerly known as pinus maritima), aiton, subspecies atlantica des villar (pycnogenol, horphag research ltd., uk, geneve, switzerland), which grows in the coastal southwest france. the quality of this extract is specified in the united states pharmacopeia (usp 28). between 65% and 75% of pycnogenol are procyanidins comprising ... | 2010 | 20598812 |
| in vitro co-cultures of pinus pinaster with bursaphelenchus xylophilus: a biotechnological approach to study pine wilt disease. | co-cultures of pinus pinaster with bursaphelenchus xylophilus were established as a biotechnological tool to evaluate the effect of nematotoxics addition in a host/parasite culture system. the pinewood nematode (pwn), bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (pwd), was detected for the first time in europe in 1999 spreading throughout the pine forests in portugal and recently in spain. plant in vitro cultures may be a useful experimental system to investigate the plant/n ... | 2015 | 25677754 |