| [effects of helper protein p20 from bacillus thuringiensis on vip3a expression]. | insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) produced in bacillus thuringiensis accumulate as crystalline inclusions that represent up to 30% of total dry weight the cell produces. the mechanisms of in vivo crystallization of these insecticidal proteins remain interests, yet unclear. a 20-kda protein (p20), the product of the third open reading frame of cry11a operon in b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis has been defined to be an important molecular chaperone (helper protein) for forming cyt1a crystal ... | 2006 | 16579471 |
| direct infection of spodoptera litura by photorhabdus luminescens encapsulated in alginate beads. | actively growing cultures of photorhabdus luminescens were encapsulated in sodium alginate beads and examined for their ability to infect insect hosts. these beads, containing approximately 2.5 x 10(7)photorhabdus cells per bead, when mixed with sterilized soil and exposed to spodoptera litura larvae resulted in 100% mortality in 48 h, while the use of alginate encapsulated heterorhabditis nematode resulted in 40% mortality after 72 h. the bacteria were reisolated from the dead insect thus provi ... | 2006 | 16828112 |
| insecticidal, antifeedant and oviposition deterrent effects of the essential oil and individual compounds from leaves of chloroxylon swietenia dc. | essential oil from the leaves of chloroxylon swietenia dc. was obtained by hydrodistillation and cold extraction, and the chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the major identified components were limonene, geijerene, pregeijerene, germacrene d and trans-beta-ocimene. laboratory bioassays of the essential oil and four constituents of essential oil isolates were evaluated for insecticidal, antifeedant and oviposition deterrent effects ... | 2006 | 16847821 |
| absolute configuration of volicitin from the regurgitant of lepidopteran caterpillars and biological activity of volicitin-related compounds. | volicitin [n-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-l-glutamine] and n-linolenoyl-l-glutamine are known as insect-produced plant volatile elicitors. the absolute configuration of the hydroxylinolenoyl moiety of volicitin from three noctuid species, helicoverpa armigera, mythimna separata and spodoptera litura, was determined to be all 17s in high enantiomeric excess. when treated with 30 pmol of (17s)- and (17r)-volicitin, corn seedlings were induced to release volatiles, there being no significant difference i ... | 2006 | 16960380 |
| functional role of the cytoplasmic tail domain of the major envelope fusion protein of group ii baculoviruses. | f proteins from baculovirus nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) group ii members are the major budded virus (bv) viral envelope fusion proteins. they undergo furin-like proteolysis processing in order to be functional. f proteins from different baculovirus species have a long cytoplasmic tail domain (ctd), ranging from 48 (spodoptera litura multicapsid npv [mnpv]) to 78 (adoxophyes honmai npv) amino acid (aa) residues, with a nonassigned function. this ctd is much longer than the ctd of gp64-like envelop ... | 2006 | 17071930 |
| transgenic tobacco plants producing caffeine: a potential new strategy for insect pest control. | caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is one of the most widely used plant secondary metabolites, primarily as a stimulant and an ingredient in drugs. in nature, caffeine is believed to function in chemical defense, acting as an antiherbivory and allelopathic agent, and therefore it might be employed to protect agriculturally important crop plants. in coffee plants, caffeine is synthesized from the precursor xanthosine in four steps, three n-methylations and removal of ribose. we had previously iso ... | 2006 | 17091387 |
| genetic transformation of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) with insecticidal crystal protein gene using particle gun bombardment. | here, we report the establishment of an efficient particle gun bombardment mediated genetic transformation in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) using cryiac gene of bacillus thuringiensis. explants were bombarded with recombinant plasmids engineered for the expression of cryiac transgene in plants and stable transformants regenerated in presence of benzyladenine, kinetin and kanamycin. transformation frequency showed dependence on explant type, cultivars, plasmids, helium pressure and microcarrier t ... | 2007 | 17205334 |
| efficiency of thai derris extract and cypermethrin: toxicity and detoxification enzyme mechanism in the tropical armyworm, spodoptera litura f. | this research was elucidated the toxicity and detoxification enzyme mechanism of botanical insecticide (thai derris extract; derris eliptica benth) and synthetic insecticide (cypermethrin) in tropical armyworm (spodoptera litura f.) by larvae dipping method. derris is extraction by soxhlet's apparatus with ethanol solvent. toxicity in terms of lc50 value against 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae indicated that the toxicity of derris extract ca. 3.79, 9.51, 37.63, 94.49 and 158.37 and cype ... | 2006 | 17385498 |
| cloning, functional characterization, and mode of action of a novel insecticidal pore-forming toxin, sphaericolysin, produced by bacillus sphaericus. | an insecticidal protein produced by bacillus sphaericus a3-2 was purified to elucidate its structure and mode of action. the active principle purified from the culture broth of a3-2 was a protein with a molecular mass of 53 kda that rapidly intoxicated german cockroaches (blattela germanica) at a dose of about 100 ng when injected. the insecticidal protein sphaericolysin possessed the undecapeptide motif of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins and had a unique n-terminal sequence. the recombinant pr ... | 2007 | 17400778 |
| purification and characterization of aminopeptidase n from spodoptera litura expressed in sf21 insect cells. | insecticidal crystal proteins produced by strains of bacillus thuringiensis cause larval death upon interaction with specific receptors located at the midgut epithelium of susceptible insects. large quantities of easily purified aminopeptidase and cadherin-like cry toxin receptors can facilitate the further study of cry toxin binding and pore formation. here, we report the solubilisation and purification of aminopeptidase n from spodoptera litura (slapn). recombinantly expressed and membrane anc ... | 2007 | 17467291 |
| influence of cytochrome c on apoptosis induced by anagrapha (syngrapha) falcifera multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (afmnpv) in insect spodoptera litura cells. | we investigated the influence of cytochrome c on apoptosis induced by anagrapha (syngrapha) falcifera multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (afmnpv). microscopic observation revealed that infection of sl-1 cells with afmnpv resulted in apoptosis, displaying apoptotic bodies in fluorescent-stained nuclei of afmnpv-infected sl-1cells. western blot analysis demonstrated that afmnpv-induced apoptosis in insect sl-1 cells was significantly inhibited by cyclosporin a which blocked a translocation of cyt ... | 2007 | 17478109 |
| serine/threonine kinase dependent transcription from the polyhedrin promoter of spltnpv-i. | polyhedrin (polh) and p10 are the two hyper-expressed very late genes of nucleopolyhedroviruses. alpha amanitin resistant transcription from spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltnpv-i) polyhedrin promoter was observed with virus infected nuclear extract of niv-ha-197 cells but not with that from uninfected nuclear extract. anti-protein kinase-1 (pk1) antibody inhibited the transcription and the inhibition reversed on addition of pk1, however, pk1 mutant protein, k50m having no phosphoryla ... | 2007 | 17512903 |
| characterization of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxin binding novel gpi anchored aminopeptidase from fat body of the moth spodoptera litura. | aminopeptidase n (apn) isoforms were identified as candidate receptors for bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins from the midgut of several insect species. in this study a partial cdna encoding aminopeptidase (slfbapn) was cloned from fat body of the moth spodoptera litura. in the deduced amino acid sequence the characteristic metallopeptidase sequences, hexxhx(18)e and gamenwg were conserved but the sequence showed only 33-39% identity to other insect apns, which were also reported to be cry toxin ... | 2007 | 17609853 |
| [pathogenicity of several fungal species on spodoptera litura]. | the virulence test of five species of entomogenous fungi beauveria brongniartii, beauveria bassiana, paecilomyces fumosoroseus, metarhizium anisopliae and nomuraea rileyi to spodoptera litura larvae showed that b. brongniartii and n. rileyi had evident pathogenic effects on s. litura, with the lt50 value to s. litura 2nd instars being 2.95 and 4.10 days, and the corrected accumulative mortality of the instars being 100% and 95.2%, respectively. the virulence of b. brongniartii and n. rileyi to t ... | 2007 | 17615897 |
| effect of sweet flag rhizome oil (acorus calamus) on hemogram and ultrastructure of hemocytes of the tobacco armyworm, spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | effect of the essential oil of acorus calamus l. rhizomes, was studied on hemocytes of the tobacco armyworm, spodoptera litura. the oil was administered in oral application at concentration of 500 and 1000 ppm to last instar larvae of s. litura and its effect on ultrastructure of hemocytes and hemogram was evaluated. the oil was administered in topical application at 250 microg dose to pupae to ascertain its effect on total and differential hemocyte counts. at both scanning (sem) and transmissio ... | 2008 | 17826115 |
| purification and characterization of native and recombinant sapin2a, a plant sieve element-localized proteinase inhibitor. | sapin2a encodes a proteinase inhibitor in nightshade (solanum americanum), which is specifically localized to the enucleate sieve elements. it has been proposed to play an important role in phloem development by regulating proteolysis in sieve elements. in this study, we purified and characterized native sapin2a from nightshade stems and recombinant sapin2a expressed in escherichia coli. purified native sapin2a was found as a charge isomer family of homodimers, and was weakly glycosylated. nativ ... | 2007 | 17870592 |
| insecticidal activity of destruxin, a mycotoxin from metarhizium anisopliae (hypocreales), against spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larval stages. | the cyclodepsipeptide destruxin produced by the entomopathogen metarhizium anisopliae (metch.) was administered by different methods, topical application, ingestion and a combination of the two, in an attempt to minimize the mycotoxin dose for efficient management of the insect pest spodoptera litura (fab.). | 2008 | 17935266 |
| functional analysis of polyphenol oxidases by antisense/sense technology. | polyphenol oxidases (ppos) catalyze the oxidation of phenolics to quinones, the secondary reactions of which lead to oxidative browning and postharvest losses of many fruits and vegetables. ppos are ubiquitous in angiosperms, are inducible by both biotic and abiotic stresses, and have been implicated in several physiological processes including plant defense against pathogens and insects, the mehler reaction, photoreduction of molecular oxygen by psi, regulation of plastidic oxygen levels, auron ... | 2007 | 17960074 |
| pathogen resistance of transgenic tobacco plants producing caffeine. | caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a typical purine alkaloid, and produced by a variety of plants such as coffee and tea. its physiological function, however, is not completely understood, but chemical defense against pathogens and herbivores, and allelopathic effects against competing plant species have been proposed. previously, we constructed transgenic tobacco plants, which produced caffeine up to 5 microg per gram fresh weight of leaves, and showed them to repel caterpillars of tobacco c ... | 2008 | 18036626 |
| distinctive presence of peritracheal athrocytes in bombyx mori l. and bombyx mandarina m. as compared to their absence in several other lepidopteran species. | pericardial cells are present in a wide variety of insects and are thought to constitute the majority of 'athrocytes (nephrocytes)'. in contrast, peritracheal athrocytes have only been observed in bombyx mori l. although peritracheal athrocytes have a distinct morphology, it is unknown whether these cells are common to all lepidopterans. we anatomically compared eight lepidopteran species: bombyx mori l. and bombyx mandarina m. (bombycidae); samia cynthia ricini d. (saturniidae); agrius convolvu ... | 2006 | 18089062 |
| expression of two heterologous proteins depends on the mode of expression: comparison of in vivo and in vitro methods. | the yield of two proteins, avidin and green fluorescent protein (gfp), expressed from a modified autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv), was compared in sf9 cell culture monolayer, sf21 cell suspension culture and intact spodoptera litura larvae. gfp expressed from the p10 promoter yielded up to 1.5% of total soluble protein in larvae, 20-fold higher than that in monolayer suspension culture. avidin, expressed from the polh promoter, yielded up to 2.3% of total soluble protein in l ... | 2008 | 18175154 |
| tri-trophic effects of transgenic insect-resistant tobacco expressing a protease inhibitor or a biotin-binding protein on adults of the predatory carabid beetle ctenognathus novaezelandiae. | tri-trophic impacts on adult predatory carabid beetles, ctenognathus novaezelandiae, of insect-resistant transgenic tobacco plants expressing a serine protease inhibitor, bovine spleen trypsin inhibitor (bsti), or a biotin-binding protein, avidin, were investigated. both proteins could potentially affect this beetle, since avidin is known to be insecticidal to many beetle species and c. novaezelandiae midguts were shown to contain high levels of trypsin, a protease powerfully inhibited by bovine ... | 2008 | 18199450 |
| tmg-chitotriomycin, an enzyme inhibitor specific for insect and fungal beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases, produced by actinomycete streptomyces anulatus nbrc 13369. | a novel beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase (glcnacase) inhibitor named tmg-chitotriomycin (1) was isolated from the culture filtrate of streptomyces anulatus nbrc13369. the strain produced 1 only when colloidal chitin was used as the sole carbon source in the production medium. the structure of 1 was determined by spectral and constitutive sugar analyses of the corresponding alditol derivatives to be an equilibrated mixture of alpha-d-n,n,n-trimeglcnh2-(1,4)-beta-d-glcnac-(1,4)-beta-d-glcnac-(1,4)-d-g ... | 2008 | 18307344 |
| expression of a synthetic cry1ec gene for resistance against spodoptera litura in transgenic peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). | the tobacco cutworm (spodoptera litura) is a polyphagous foliage insect and a major pest on peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). s. litura is susceptible to the chimeric delta-endotoxin cry1ec reported earlier. de-embryonated cotyledon explants of peanut were transformed using agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha101 harboring a synthetic cry1ec gene driven by the camv 35s promoter. transgenic plants of peanut with a single copy insertion of cry1ec were selected in the t(0) generation by southern blot h ... | 2008 | 18320194 |
| oxidative stress induced by destruxin from metarhizium anisopliae (metch.) involves changes in glutathione and ascorbate metabolism and instigates ultrastructural changes in the salivary glands of spodoptera litura (fab.) larvae. | the cyclodepsipeptidic mycotoxin, destruxin, produced by metarhizium anisopliae is known for its larvicidal properties. the crude destruxin-treated spodoptera litura larvae revealed a decrease in thiol content and an increment in oxidation of glutathione to glutathione disulfide and ascorbate to dehydro ascorbate in a dose- and time-dependent manner. an increase in the levels of protein carbonyls and the free radicals, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical was also observed. these provide a cle ... | 2008 | 18339414 |
| constitutive expression of arabidopsis npr1 confers enhanced resistance to the early instars of spodoptera litura in transgenic tobacco. | in arabidopsis, npr1 (atnpr1) regulates salicylic acid (sa)-mediated activation of pr genes at the onset of systemic acquired resistance. atnpr1 also modulates sa-induced suppression of jasmonic acid-responsive gene expression, and npr1 mutants manifest enhanced herbivore resistance. we have raised stable transgenic tobacco lines, expressing atnpr1 constitutively, which showed elevated expression of pr1 and pr2 genes upon sa treatment. herbivore bioassays with a generalist polyphagous pest, spod ... | 2008 | 18397206 |
| expression and activity of a probable toxin from photorhabdus luminescens. | as an insect pathogen, photorhabdus luminescens possesses an arsenal of toxins. here we cloned and expressed a probable toxin from p. luminescens subsp. akhurstii ynd185, designated as photorhabdus insecticidal toxin (pit). the pit gene shares 94% nucleotide and 98% predicted amino acid sequence identity with plu1537, a predicted orf from p. luminescens subsp. laumondii tt01 and 30% predicted amino acid sequence similarity to a fragment of a 13.6 kda insecticidal crystal protein gene of bacillus ... | 2009 | 18409059 |
| pyridalyl inhibits cellular protein synthesis in insect, but not mammalian, cell lines. | to gain insight into the mechanism of action and selectivity of the insecticidal activity of pyridalyl, the cytotoxicity of pyridalyl against various insect and mammalian cell lines was characterized by measuring the inhibition of cellular protein synthesis. when the effect of pyridalyl on the cellular protein synthesis in sf9 cells was evaluated by measuring the incorporation of [(3)h]leucine, rapid and significant inhibition of protein synthesis was observed. however, pyridalyl did not inhibit ... | 2008 | 18454491 |
| the toxicological effects of petroleum spray oils on insects - evidence for an alternative mode of action and possible new control options. | we tested the most widely held theory about the mode of action of petroleum spray oils (psos) on insects (i.e. anoxia). an nc24 petroleum oil was applied topically to cotton aphids (aphis gossypii) and cluster caterpillars (spodoptera litura), which then showed signs of mortality that are inconsistent with anoxia. the insects died soon after treatment, with most of the mortality occurring within the first 10min. toxicity symptoms included loss of locomotory ability, unusual abdominal contraction ... | 2008 | 18602441 |
| characterization of the cry1ac17 gene from an indigenous strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae. | an indigenously isolated strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae exhibited toxicity against lepidopteran as well as dipteran insects. the lepidopteran active cry1ac protoxin gene coding sequence of 3.5 kb from this strain was cloned into vector pet28a(+). however, it could not be expressed in commonly used escherichia coli expression hosts, bl21(de3) and bl21(de3)plyss. this gene is classified as cry1ac17 in the b. thuringiensis toxic nomenclature database. the coding sequence of this gen ... | 2008 | 18795364 |
| population dynamics of spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on bt cotton in the yangtze river valley of china. | genetically modified cotton that produces a crystalline protein from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (berliner) (bt) has been widely deployed to manage lepidopteran insect pests in cotton growing areas worldwide. however, susceptibility of different insect species to bt protein varies, which may affect lepidopteran pest populations in the field. studies on effects of two transgenic cotton lines (bg1560 and gk19) carrying a cry1a gene on common cutworm spodoptera litura f. (lepidoptera: no ... | 2008 | 18801271 |
| influence of glucose starvation on the pathway of death in insect cell line sl: apoptosis follows autophagy. | the relation between autophagy and apoptosis has not been clearly elucidated. here, we reported that apoptosis followed autophagy in insect spodoptera litura cells (sl) undergoing glucose starvation. sl cells have been adapted to leibovitz-15 medium supplemented with glucose (1.0 g/l) and 5% fetal bovine serum (fbs), used for mammalian cell cultures. if glucose (1 g/l) or glutamine (1.6 g/l) had not been supplemented in l-15 medium with 5% fbs, sl cells began to form many vacuoles and these vacu ... | 2007 | 19003024 |
| molecular and phylogenetic characterization of spodoptera litura granulovirus. | baculovirus, spodoptera litura granulovirus (slgv) was isolated from the infected s. litura larvae, and was characterized. the granule of slgv was ovoidal shape with an approximate size of 240 approximately 340 nmx 140 approximately 180 nm. each granule contained one single rod-shape virion with a mean size of 180 approximately 200 nmx20 approximately 40 nm. restriction endonuclease fragment analysis estimated that the total genome size of slgv is about 115 kb. nucleotide sequence analysis of th ... | 2008 | 19107401 |
| cdna cloning and recombinant expression of the general odorant binding protein ii from spodoptera litura. | a cdna encoding the general odorant binding protein ii (gobp ii) was isolated from the antennae of spodoptera litura (slgobp ii, genbank accession no. eu086371) by homologous cloning and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). sequencing and structural analyses revealed that the open reading frame (orf) of slgobp ii was 489 bp, encoding 162 amino acids with a predicted mw of 18.2 kd and pi of 5.72. slgopb ii shared typical structural features of odorant binding proteins with other insects, incl ... | 2009 | 19152087 |
| functional analysis of the putative antiapoptotic genes, p49 and iap4, of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus with rnai. | a homology search of a public database revealed that spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltnpv) possesses two putative, antiapoptotic genes, p49 and inhibitor of apoptosis 4 (iap4), but their function has not been investigated in its native host cells. in the present study, we used rna interference (rnai) to silence the expression of splt-iap4 and splt-p49, independently or together, to determine their roles during the spltnpv life cycle. rt-pcr analysis and western blot analysis showed th ... | 2008 | 18632958 |
| insecticidal toxic proteins produced by photorhabdus luminescens akhurstii, a symbiont of heterorhabditis indica. | we describe the isolation and characterization of an insect pathogenic bacterium from the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis indica (karnataka strain), an isolate from the southern regions of india. the strain has been identified and characterized by phenotypic, biochemical tests and pcr-rflp analysis of the 16s rrna gene as photorhabdus luminescens subsp. akhurstii. the insecticidal toxin complex produced by this bacterium has been purified through a series of steps including ultrafiltra ... | 2002 | 19265903 |
| biological control of soil pests by mixed application of entomopathogenic and fungivorous nematodes. | in greenhouse experiments, massive application of the fungivorous nematode, aphelenchus avenae, in summer at 26-33 c (1 x l0 nematodes/500 cm(3) autoclaved soil) or in autumn at 18-23 c (5 x 10 nematodes/500 cm(3) autoclaved soil) suppressed pre-emergence damping-off of cucumber seedlings due to rhizoctonia solani ag-4 by 67% or 87%, respectively. application of 2 x l0 a. avenae to sterilized soil infested with r. solani caused leafminer-like symptom on the cotyledons, which did not occur in mix ... | 1991 | 19283109 |
| aerosol infectivity of a baculovirus to trichoplusia ni larvae: an alternative larval inoculation strategy for recombinant protein production. | the baculovirus-insect expression system is a popular tool for recombinant protein production. the standard method for infecting insect larvae with recombinant baculovirus for protein production involves either feeding occlusion bodies or injecting budded virus into the cuticle. in this study, we showed that the recombinant autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) at titers >10(8) pfu/ml efficiently infected trichoplusia ni (t. ni) larvae through aerosol inoculation of budde ... | 2009 | 19334290 |
| antifeedant and larvicidal effects of plant extracts against spodoptera litura (f.), aedes aegypti l. and culex quinquefasciatus say. | a screening for larvicidal activity of plant extracts with some known medicinal attributes could lead to the discovery of new agents for pest and vector control. in the backdrop of recent revival of interest in developing plant-based insecticides, the present study was carried out to evaluate the larvicidal properties in three medicinal plants growing abundantly in the region of chitheri hills, dharmapuri district, india. antifeedant and larvicidal activity of the acetone, chloroform, ethyl acet ... | 2008 | 18437424 |
| constitutive expression of a trypsin protease inhibitor confers multiple stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco. | protease inhibitors have been reported to confer insect resistance in transgenic plants, except for a rice protease inhibitor that conferred drought tolerance in transgenic rice plants. we have cloned a protease inhibitor of tobacco that is expressed under treatment with aba, hydrogen peroxide, methyl jasmonate and wounding. the cdna codes for a six-domain serine protease inhibitor with a deduced sequence of 396 amino acids. we have generated transgenic tobacco plants expressing the protease inh ... | 2009 | 19179349 |
| development of insect resistant transgenic cotton lines expressing cry1ec gene from an insect bite and wound inducible promoter. | transgenic cotton lines were developed for high-level expression of a synthetic cry1ec gene from a wound inducible promoter. the tobacco pathogenesis related promoter pr-1a was modified by placing camv35s promoter on its upstream in reverse orientation. the resultant chimeric promoter camv35s(r)pr-1a expressed constitutively and was further up-regulated at the site of feeding by insects. it was induced more rapidly by treatment with salicylic acid (sa). the camv35s(r)pr-1a cry1ec expressing tran ... | 2009 | 19428707 |
| heterologous expression of arabidopsis npr1 (atnpr1) enhances oxidative stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants. | in arabidopsis, npr1 (non-expressor of pathogenesis related genes 1, atnpr1) functions downstream of salicylic acid (sa) and modulates the sa mediated systemic acquired resistance. it is also involved in a cross talk with the jasmonate pathway that is essential for resistance against herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens. overexpression of atnpr1 in transgenic plants resulted in enhanced disease resistance. recently, tobacco transgenic plants expressing atnpr1 were shown to be tolerant to the ea ... | 2009 | 19466562 |
| overexpression of a weed (solanum americanum) proteinase inhibitor in transgenic tobacco results in increased glandular trichome density and enhanced resistance to helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura. | in this study we produced transgenic tobacco plants by overexpressing a serine proteinase inhibitor gene, sapin2a, from the american black nightshade solanum americanum under the control of the camv 35s promoter using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. sapin2a was properly transcribed and translated as indicated by northern blot and western blot analyses. functional integrity of sapin2a in transgenic plants was confirmed by proteinase inhibitory activity assay. bioassays for inse ... | 2009 | 19468345 |
| expression of the cry1ec gene in castor (ricinus communis l.) confers field resistance to tobacco caterpillar (spodoptera litura fabr) and castor semilooper (achoea janata l.). | castor (cv. dcs-9) has been transformed through agrobacterium-mediated and particle gun bombardment methods using appropriate vectors containing the bt chimeric gene cry1ec driven by enhanced 35s promoter. about 81 and 12 putative transformants were regenerated following selection on hygromycin and kanamycin, respectively. southern analysis of dna extracted from t(0) plants confirmed integration of the introduced gene in castor genome. the integration and inheritance of the introduced genes was ... | 2009 | 19337736 |
| gut bacteria are not required for the insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis toward the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta. | it was recently proposed that gut bacteria are required for the insecticidal activity of the bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticide, dipel, toward the lepidopterans manduca sexta, pieris rapae, vanessa cardui, and lymantria dispar. using a similar methodology, it was found that gut bacteria were not required for the toxicity of dipel or cry1ac or for the synergism of an otherwise sublethal concentration of cry1ac toward m. sexta. the toxicities of dipel and of b. thuringiensis hd73 cry(-) spor ... | 2009 | 19525273 |
| synthesis and insect antifeedant activity of plumbagin derivatives with the amino acid moiety. | a series of plumbagin derivatives (4a-4k) containing an amino acid moiety were synthesized under mild esterification conditions in excellent yields (35%-80%) and screened for their antifeedant activities in tobacco caterpillar (spodoptera litura) and castor semilooper (achaea janata) using a no-choice laboratory bioassay. the parent compound plumbagin lacked significant activity, but the analogues were effective in reducing feeding by two insect species. the introduction of an n-acetyl-l-amino a ... | 2009 | 19530696 |
| a mitogen-activated protein kinase gene, ahmpk3 of peanut: molecular cloning, genomic organization, and heterologous expression conferring resistance against spodoptera litura in tobacco. | mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade plays a very important role in plant signal transduction mechanism. a full length cdna of 1,514 bp length, corresponding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase gene was cloned from peanut (arachis hypogaea). based on its high homology with arabidopsis atmpk3, the cdna was designated as ahmpk3. it carried an open reading frame of 1,113 bp encoding a 371 amino acid polypeptide. ahmpk3 bears tey motif in its activation loop and belongs to the a1 subgroup of m ... | 2009 | 19352711 |
| expression, purification and characterization of the cry2aa14 toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae. | an indigenous strain hd-550 of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae was found to be toxic to lepidopteran as well as dipteran insects. the cry2aa gene (classified as cry2aa14) from this isolate was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. only a little amount of the expressed cry2aa14 protein was observed in soluble fraction under normal induction condition. the inclusions were non-toxic to test insects, whereas solubilized cry2aa14 was highly toxic to lepidopteran and dipteran insects. cry2aa1 ... | 2009 | 19486907 |
| lysozymes and lysozyme-like proteins from the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda. | lysozyme is an important component of the insect non-specific immune response against bacteria that is characterized by its ability to break down bacterial cell-walls. by searching an est database from the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (negre et al., 2006), we identified five sequences encoding proteins of the lysozyme family. the deduced protein sequences corresponded to three classical c-type lysozymes sf-lys1, sf-lys2 and sf-lys3, and two lysozyme-like proteins, sf-llp1 and sf-llp2. sf ... | 2009 | 19828200 |
| insect ornithine decarboxylase (odc) complements spe1 knock-out of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. | ornithine decarboxylase (odc) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines, which are essential for cell growth, differentiation, and proliferation. this report presents the characterization of an odc-encoding cdna (slitodc) isolated from a moth species, the tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura (lepidoptera); its expression in a polyamine-deficient strain of yeast, s. cerevisiae; and the recovery in polyamine levels and proliferation rate with the introduction of the insect enzyme. ... | 2009 | 19937472 |
| assessing the susceptibility of cruciferous lepidoptera to cry1ba2 and cry1ca4 for future transgenic cruciferous vegetables. | advances in transgenic plants expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal gene(s) offer a promising alternative to traditional insecticides for control of lepidopteran pests on important cruciferous vegetable crops such as cabbage and cauliflower. a public-private partnership, the collaboration on insect management for brassicas in asia and africa (cimbaa), was formed in 2005 with the goal of developing dual-gene bt cauliflower and cabbage, initially for india, to replace the use of broa ... | 2009 | 20069851 |
| inhibitors from pigeonpea active against lepidopteran gut proteinases. | the proteinase inhibitors (pis) active against bovine pancreatic trypsin, chymotrypsin, and insect midgut trypsin-like proteinases were found in the seeds of 14 cultivars and eight wild types of pigeonpea, cajanus cajan l.. the inhibitory activity of pis against trypsin and chymotrypsin, as well as their activity profile on gelatin-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) were identical among the various cultivars. in contrast to cultivars, the wild types showed differences in inhibitory activi ... | 2009 | 20069866 |
| larvicidal and structure-activity studies of natural phenylpropanoids and their semisynthetic derivatives against the tobacco armyworm spodoptera litura (fab.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the larvicidal activity of 18 phenylpropanoids, 1-18, including phenylpropenoate, phenylpropenal, phenylpropene, and their semisynthetic analogues, were evaluated against the tobacco armyworm, spodoptera litura (fab.), to identify promising structures with insecticidal activity. amongst various phenylpropanoids, isosafrole, a phenylpropene, showed the best activity, with an lc(50) value of 0.6 microg/leaf cm(2), followed by its hydrogenated derivative dihydrosafrole (lc(50)=2.7 microg/leaf cm(2) ... | 2010 | 20087983 |
| a new manganese superoxide dismutase identified from beauveria bassiana enhances virulence and stress tolerance when overexpressed in the fungal pathogen. | a superoxide dismutase (sod) was characterized from beauveria bassiana, a fungal entomopathogen widely applied to insect control. this 209-aa enzyme (bbsod2) showed no more than 71% sequence identity to other fungal mn-sods, sharing all conserved residues with the mn-sod family and lacking a mitochondrial signal. the sod activity of purified bbsod2 was significantly elevated by mn(2+), suppressed by cu(2+) and zn(2+) but inhibited by fe(3+). overexpressing the enzyme in a bbsod2-absent b. bassia ... | 2010 | 20094711 |
| synthesis of nalidixic acid based hydrazones as novel pesticides. | thirty-one substituted hydrazones of nalidixic acid hydrazide were synthesized and characterized by spectral techniques. these compounds were evaluated for various biological activities, namely, fungicidal, insecticidal, and nitrification inhibitory activities. the antifungal activity was evaluated against five pathogenic fungi, namely, rhizoctonia bataticola , sclerotium rolfsii , rhizoctonia solani , fusarium oxysporum , and alternaria porii . they showed maximum inihibition against a. porii w ... | 2010 | 20131903 |
| synthesis and insect attractant activity of fluorine-containing pinus diterpenic amides and imines. | a series of fluorine-containing pinus diterpenic amides and imines have been synthesised and their structures were confirmed by elemental analysis, ir, (1)h nmr spectroscopy and single crystal x-ray diffraction. their insect attractant activity to spodoptera litura were screened by leaf plate method; the results indicated that most fluorine-containing dehydroabietic amides and imines exhibited attractive activity to s. litura, in which dehydroabietic p-trifluoromethyl amide (a6) exhibit seven ti ... | 2009 | 19488924 |
| synthesis and bioefficacy evaluation of new 3-substituted-3,4-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazines. | a new series of 1, 3-benzoxazines were synthesized, characterized ((1)h nmr and (13)c nmr) and evaluated for their pesticidal activity. six new 3-alkyl-3, 4-dihydro-4-methyl-2h-1, 3-benzoxazines (1-6) were prepared by hydroxymethylation of secondary amines with formaldehyde in 65-68% yields. these compounds were screened for there igr activity against spodoptera litura and for antifungal fungal activity in vitro against sclerotium rolfsii itcc 6181 by poisoned food technique. insect growth regul ... | 2010 | 20390939 |
| two epsilon glutathione s-transferase cdnas from the common cutworm, spodoptera litura: characterization and developmental and induced expression by insecticides. | two spodoptera litura glutathione s-transferase cdnas (slgste2 and slgste3) which were cloned from a midgut cdna, encoded two structurally distinct proteins with a predicted molecular mass of 25 and 24kda, respectively. slgste2 and slgste3 were single-copy genes in the s. litura genome and there was no intron within the genes. the transcripts and proteins of slgste2 and slgste3 were predominately present in the midgut of the 5th and 6th instar larvae. the apparent vmax of the purified slgste2 an ... | 2009 | 19715699 |
| cloning and characterization of truncated cry1ab gene from a new indigenous isolate of bacillus thuringiensis. | the insecticidal crystal protein(s) encoded by cry gene(s) of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been used for insect control both as biopesticides and in transgenic plants. a new 3'-truncated cry1ab gene was cloned from an indigenous isolate of bt, a19-31. nucleotide sequencing and homology search revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of cry1ab toxin of bt strain a19-31 had a variation of two amino acid residues with the holotype sequence, cry1ab1. expression of the 3'-truncated cry1ab ge ... | 2010 | 20480206 |
| integration of insecticidal protein vip3aa1 into beauveria bassiana enhances fungal virulence to spodoptera litura larvae by cuticle and per os infection. | the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana acts slowly on insect pests through cuticle infection. vegetative insecticidal proteins (vip3a) of bacillus thuringiensis kill lepidopteran pests rapidly, via per os infection, but their use for pest control is restricted to integration into transgenic plants. a transgenic b. bassiana strain (bbv28) expressing vip3aa1 (a vip3a toxin) was thus created to infect the larvae of the oriental leafworm moth spodoptera litura through conidial ingestion and ... | 2010 | 20495052 |
| niches and interspecific competitive relationships of the parasitoids, microplitis prodeniae and campoletis chlorldeae, of the oriental leafworm moth, spodoptera litura, in tobacco. | both microplitis prodeniae rao and chandry (hymenoptera: bracondidae) and campoletis chlorideae uchida (hymenoptera: ichnumonidae) are major parasitoids of spodoptera litura (fabricious) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in tobacco, nicotiana tabacum l. (solanales: solanaceae) at nanxiong, guangdong province, south china. the niches and interspecific competition relationships of the two species were studied. the results show that the competition between the two species for spatial and food resources was ... | 2010 | 20575741 |
| effects of four host plants on biology and food utilization of the cutworm, spodoptera litura. | effects of four host plants, tobacco, chinese cabbage, cowpea and sweet potato, on larval and pupal development and survival, and longevity and fecundity of adults of spodoptera litura (f) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), were studied under laboratory conditions (26 degrees c, 60-80% rh), as was the utilization of the four host plants and adaptation on tobacco. all of the biological parameters included in the study were affected by the host plants. in a choice test, s. litura females oviposited most on ... | 2010 | 20578886 |
| cross-resistance, mode of inheritance and stability of resistance to emamectin in spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | spodoptera litura (f.) is a cosmopolitan pest that has developed resistance to several insecticides. the aim of the present study was to establish whether an emamectin-selected (ema-sel) population could render cross-resistance to other insecticides, and to investigate the genetics of resistance. | 2010 | 20603880 |
| identification and functional analysis of the putative anti-apoptotic gene iap4 of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus. | baculoviruses possess two types of anti-apoptotic genes, p35 and inhibitor of apoptosis (iap). in this study, we cloned a novel iap family member, splt-iap4, from spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltnpv). scanprosite analysis of splt-iap4 amino acid sequence show that it contain a baculovirus iap repeat (bir) motif at the n-terminal portion from 18 to 61 amino acid and a zinc finger ring motif near its c-terminus. baculovirus iaps could be divided into five types from iap1 to iap5 accord ... | 2010 | 20625923 |
| transgenic rice plants expressing a modified cry1ca1 gene are resistant to spodoptera litura and chilo suppressalis. | nucleotide sequence encoding the truncated insecticidal cry1ca1 protein from bacillus thuringiensis was extensively modified based on the codon usage of rice genes. the overall g + c contents of the synthetic cry1ca1 coding sequence were raised to 65% with an additional bias of enriching for g and c ending codons as preferred by monocots. the synthetic gene was introduced into the chinese japonica variety, xiushui 11, by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. transgenic rice plants harboring thi ... | 2009 | 19760523 |
| functional analysis of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus p49 gene during autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus infection of spli-221 cells. | the spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltnpv) antiapoptotic gene splt-p49 is able to rescue replication of a p35-null autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) in acmnpv-permissive sf9 cells. in this study, an acmnpv p35 knockout bacmid was generated through et homologous recombination in escherichia coli and designated as vac(p35-ko). the splt-p49 gene was transposed into the polyhedrin locus of vac(p35-ko) to investigate if splt-p49 has any antiapoptotic activity in the conte ... | 2010 | 20711805 |
| interaction of bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein with ribosomal s2 protein triggers larvicidal activity in spodoptera frugiperda. | vegetative insecticidal protein (vip3a) is synthesized as an extracellular insecticidal toxin by certain strains of bacillus thuringiensis. vip3a is active against several lepidopteran pests of crops. polyphagous pest, spodoptera frugiperda, and its cell line sf21 are sensitive for lyses to vip3a. screening of cdna library prepared from sf21 cells through yeast two-hybrid system with vip3a as bait identified ribosomal protein s2 as a toxicity-mediating interacting partner protein. the vip3a-ribo ... | 2010 | 20833785 |
| potential of trap crops for integrated management of the tropical armyworm, spodoptera litura in tobacco. | the tropical armyworm, spodoptera litura (f.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is an important pest of tobacco, nicotiana tabacum l. (solanales: solanaceae), in south china that is becoming increasingly resistant to pesticides. six potential trap crops were evaluated to control s. litura on tobacco. castor bean, ricinus communis l. (malpighiales: euphorbiaceae), and taro, colocasia esculenta (l.) schott (alismatales: araceae), hosted significantly more s. litura than peanut, arachis hypogaea l. (fabale ... | 2010 | 20874598 |
| expression of δ-endotoxin cry1ec from an inducible promoter confers insect protection in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) plants. | spodoptera litura (f.) is a polyphagous foliage insect and a major pest on peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). constitutive expression of δ-endotoxin cry1ec gives protection against s. litura, as reported earlier. in this study, insect bites and salicylic acid induced high-level expression of cry1ec was achieved in peanut. in order to achieve this, the expression of pathogenesis responsive promoter pr-1a was enhanced by placing it downstream of the camv35s promoter in the pcambia 1300 backbone. the re ... | 2011 | 20981728 |
| the effect of amino acids on the c(14)-sphingosine-triggered germination of nomuraea rileyi, and surface amino acids on spodoptera litura fabricius. | d-erythro-c(14)-sphingosine (c(14)-sph) accelerated the germination of nomuraea rileyi in a solution containing peptone, but activity declined to a large degree in water. this suggests the presence of a co-factor in c(14)-sph-triggered germination. since the main role of peptone is to supply nitrogen constituents, we examined the effects of various nitrogen constituents. it was found that ala and his were highly effective for c(14)-sph-triggered germination. | 2011 | 21512231 |
| structure and expression of glutathione s-transferase genes from the midgut of the common cutworm, spodoptera litura (noctuidae) and their response to xenobiotic compounds and bacteria. | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) play a pivotal role in detoxifying endogenous and xenobiotic compounds and oxidative stress resistance in cells. in this study, five gst genes, including three sigma gsts (slgsts1, slgsts2, and slgsts3), one omega gst (slgsto1) and one un-classified gst (slgstu1) were identified from the midgut of the common cutworm, spodoptera litura. structure analyses of the eight (including the previously identified epsilon gst genes, slgste1, slgste2 and slgste3 from the sa ... | 2011 | 21605564 |
| characterization of an extracellular lipase from the biocontrol fungus, nomuraea rileyi mj, and its toxicity toward spodoptera litura. | an extracellular lipase from nomuraea rileyi mj was purified 23.9-fold with 1.69% yield by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by sephacryl s-100 hr column chromatography. by mass spectrometry and sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the molecular weight of the homogenous lipase was 81kda. the n-terminal sequence was determined as leuservalgluglnthrlysleuserlysleualatyrasnasp and it showed no homology to sequences of known lipases. the optimum ph and temperature for activity were 8.0 and ... | 2010 | 20600093 |
| highly passage of spodoptera litura cell line causes its permissiveness to baculovirus infection. | it is well known that the characteristics of cell lines possibly alter when cell lines are at high-passage number because of the environmental selection. we do not know whether non-permissive or low-permissive cell lines could become permissive or more permissive to virus infection after over-high passage. in the present studies, the alteration of the permissiveness of spodoptera litura cell line sl-zsu-1 to three baculovirus infection was investigated after over-high passage, and the possible m ... | 2008 | 19003180 |
| modulation of transcriptome and metabolome of tobacco by arabidopsis transcription factor, atmyb12, leads to insect resistance. | flavonoids synthesized by the phenylpropanoid pathway participate in myriad physiological and biochemical processes in plants. due to the diversity of secondary transformations and the complexity of the regulation of branched pathways, single gene strategies have not been very successful in enhancing the accumulation of targeted molecules. we have expressed an arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) transcription factor, atmyb12, in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), which resulted in enhanced expression o ... | 2010 | 20190095 |
| predator avoidance by phytophagous mites is affected by the presence of herbivores in a neighboring patch. | when predators invade a leaf patch inhabited by herbivores, the herbivores disperse to a neighboring predator-free leaf patch, thus escaping from the predators. however, the neighboring patch might already be used by con- or heterospecific herbivores. we used laboratory bioassays to examine whether perception of odor from con- or heterospecific competitors on a neighbored lima bean leaf patch influences dispersal behavior of the herbivorous mite tetranychus urticae when attacked by predatory mit ... | 2010 | 20467794 |
| design, synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel pyrazole amides containing hydrazone substructures. | background: pyrazole and hydrazone derivatives possess good insecticidal activities; their substructural units are widely used in pesticide design. in an effort to discover new molecules with good insecticidal activities, a series of pyrazole amide derivatives containing hydrazone substructures were synthesised and bioassayed. results: bioassays demonstrated that some of the title compounds exhibited notable control of plutella xylostella (linnaeus), helicoverpa armigera (hübner), culex pipiens ... | 2011 | 22190278 |
| bioinsecticidal activity of murraya koenigii miraculin-like protein against helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura. | miraculin-like proteins, belonging to the kunitz superfamily, are natural plant defense agents against pests and predators, and therefore are potential biopesticides for incorporation into pest-resistant crops. here, a miraculin-like protein from murraya koenigii was assessed for its in vitro and in vivo effects against two polyphagous lepidopteran insect pests, helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura. m. koenigii miraculin-like protein (mkmlp) inhibited the trypsin-like activity and total pr ... | 2011 | 21948662 |
| zootoxic effects of reduviid rhynocoris marginatus (fab.) (hemiptera: reduviidae) venomous saliva on spodoptera litura (fab.). | rhynocoris marginatus is a predominant and potential reduviid predator of many economically important pests in india. the venomous saliva (vs) was collected by milking method and diluted with hplc grade water to prepare different concentrations (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000ppm). the vs from r. marginatus was found to be toxic and the ld(50) of the vs in spodoptera litura third instar were 768 and 929ppm at 48 and 96h for microinjection and oral toxicity studies, respectively. level of hydrolase a ... | 2011 | 21787800 |
| Primary roles of two dehydrogenases in the mannitol metabolism and multi-stress tolerance of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. | Knockout and complement mutants of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (MPD) and mannitol dehydrogenase (MTD) were constructed to probe the roles of both enzymes in the mannitol metabolism and multi-stress tolerances of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Compared with wild-type and complement mutants, ?BbMPD lost 99.5% MPD activity for reducing fructose-6-phosphate to mannitol-1-phosphate while ?BbMTD lost 78.9% MTD activity for oxidizing mannitol to fructose. Consequently, mannitol cont ... | 2011 | 22118579 |
| [construction and toxicity the recombinant spltmnpv expressing the scorpion toxin gene]. | to develop a high toxic recombinant spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedroviruse (spltmnpv) insecticide. | 2011 | 22260048 |
| two new triterpenoids from the bark of eucalyptus exserta and their molluscicidal and cytotoxic activities. | two new triterpenoids, 2α-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid-3β-trans- isoferulate (1) and 2α, 3α, 24-trihydroxyolean-18-en-28-oic acid (2), together with three known triterpenoids (3-5) were isolated from the methanol extract of the bark of eucalyptus exserta. their structures were determined by spectroscopic means. compounds 1, 2, and 5 exhibited molluscicidal activity against pomacea canaliculata. all isolated compounds showed significant cytotoxic activity against spodoptera litura (sl) cells. | 2011 | 22178417 |
| Genomic Sequence Analysis of Granulovirus Isolated from the Tobacco Cutworm, Spodoptera litura. | Spodoptera litura is a noctuid moth that is considered an agricultural pest. The larvae feed on a wide range of plants and have been recorded on plants from 40 plant families (mostly dicotyledons). It is a major pest of many crops. To better understand Spodoptera litura granulovirus (SpliGV), the nucleotide sequence of the SpliGV DNA genome was determined and analyzed. | 2011 | 22132235 |
| large crystal toxin formation in chromosomally engineered bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai was due to σe accumulation. | seven distinct bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (bta) integrants, were constructed by carrying the chitinase (chibla) gene from b. licheniformis under control of the cry11aa promoter and terminator with and without p19 and p20 genes. the toxicity of bta integrants against 2(nd) instar spodoptera litura larvae was increased 1.8-4.6 fold when compared to that of the wild type strain (bta1). surprisingly, the enhanced toxicity in some strains of bta integrants (btap19cs, btap19cster and btacat ... | 2012 | 22267677 |
| isolation and characterization of baculoviruses from three major lepidopteran pests in the semi-arid tropics of india. | baculoviruses were isolated from three major lepidopteran pests, helicoverpa armigera, spodoptera litura and amsacta albistriga in the semi-arid tropics during natural epizootic conditions at icrisat fields, patancheru, andhra pradesh, india. biological, morphological and biochemical analysis identified these isolates as nucleopolyhedroviruses (npvs). scanning electron microscopy of the occlusion bodies (obs) purified from diseased larvae revealed polyhedral particles of size approximately 0.5-2 ... | 2011 | 23637499 |
| structural and functional analyses of a sterol carrier protein in spodoptera litura. | in insects, cholesterol is one of the membrane components in cells and a precursor of ecdysteroid biosynthesis. because insects lack two key enzymes, squalene synthase and lanosterol synthase, in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, they cannot autonomously synthesize cholesterol de novo from simple compounds and therefore have to obtain sterols from their diet. sterol carrier protein (scp) is a cholesterol-binding protein responsible for cholesterol absorption and transport. | 2014 | 24454688 |
| the chitinase c gene pschic from pseudomonas sp. and its synergistic effects on larvicidal activity. | pseudomonas sp. strain txg6-1, a chitinolytic gram-negative bacterium, was isolated from a vegetable field in taixing city, jiangsu province, china. in this study, a pseudomonas chitinase c gene (pschic) was isolated from the chromosomal dna of this bacterium using a pair of specific primers. the pschic gene consisted of an open reading frame of 1443 nucleotides and encoded 480 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 51.66 kda. the deduced pschic amino acid sequence lacked a sign ... | 2015 | 26500441 |
| impact of elevated co₂ on tobacco caterpillar, spodoptera litura on peanut, arachis hypogea. | if the carbon dioxide (co(2)) concentration in the atmosphere changes in the future, as predicted, it could influence crops and insect pests. the growth and development of the tobacco caterpillar, spodoptera litura (fabricius) (noctuidae: lepidoptera), reared on peanut (arachis hypogea l.) foliage grown under elevated co(2) (550 ppm and 700 ppm) concentrations in open top chambers at central research institute for dryland agriculture, hyderabad, india, were examined in this study. significantly ... | 2012 | 23437971 |
| insect-induced daidzein, formononetin and their conjugates in soybean leaves. | in response to attack by bacterial pathogens, soybean (gylcine max) leaves accumulate isoflavone aglucones, isoflavone glucosides, and glyceollins. in contrast to pathogens, the dynamics of related insect-inducible metabolites in soybean leaves remain poorly understood. in this study, we analyzed the biochemical responses of soybean leaves to spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) herbivory and also s. litura gut contents, which contain oral secretion elicitors. following s. litura herbivory ... | 2014 | 25000357 |
| dna sequence variation of the tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae), determined by mitochondrial a+t-rich region and nuclear its2 sequences. | in an effort to gain greater insight into the nature of the population genetic structure of the pest insect spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae), tobacco cutworms were collected from six korean and five chinese localities, and their mitochondrial a+t-rich region and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) were cloned and sequenced. the a+t-rich region and nuclear its2 provided a maximum sequence divergence of 2.88 and 1.82%, respectively. overall, a low level of genetic fixation (f (s ... | 2011 | 21786184 |
| characterization of an insecticidal toxin and pathogenicity of pseudomonas taiwanensis against insects. | pseudomonas taiwanensis is a broad-host-range entomopathogenic bacterium that exhibits insecticidal activity toward agricultural pests plutella xylostella, spodoptera exigua, spodoptera litura, trichoplusia ni and drosophila melanogaster. oral infection with different concentrations (od = 0.5 to 2) of wild-type p. taiwanensis resulted in insect mortality rates that were not significantly different (92.7%, 96.4% and 94.5%). the tccc protein, a component of the toxin complex (tc), plays an essenti ... | 2014 | 25144637 |
| antifeedant, larvicidal and growth inhibitory bioactivities of novel polyketide metabolite isolated from streptomyces sp. ap-123 against helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura. | considerable attention has been paid to actinomycetes, especially the secondary metabolites obtained from streptomyces species, as the best alternatives to chemicals as biological control agents for polyphagous pests such as helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura. on the basis of their novel biocontrol attributes, novel polyketide metabolite isolated from marine streptomyces sp. ap-123 exhibited significant antifeedant, larvicidal and growth inhibitory activities against polyphagous pests. | 2013 | 23668716 |
| rnai-mediated knockdown of catalase causes cell cycle arrest in sl-1 cells and results in low survival rate of spodoptera litura (fabricius). | deregulated reactive oxygen species (ros) production can lead to the disruption of structural and functional integrity of cells as a consequence of reactive interaction between ros and various biological components. catalase (cat) is a common enzyme existing in nearly all organisms exposed to oxygen, which decomposes harmful hydrogen peroxide, into water and oxygen. in this study, the full length sequence that encodes cat-like protein from spodoptera litura named siltcat (genbank accession numbe ... | 2013 | 23555693 |
| ovicidal activity of atalantia monophylla (l) correa against spodoptera litura fab. (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | to evaluate the efficacy of atalantia monophylla (a. monophylla) leaf in different solvent crude extracts and fractions against eggs of spodoptera litura (s. litura). | 2012 | 23593580 |
| biological activities of solanum pseudocapsicum (solanaceae) against cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera hübner and armyworm, spodoptera litura fabricius (lepidotera: noctuidae). | to evaluate the antifeedant, insecticidal and growth inhibition activities of solanum pseudocapsicum (s. pseudocapsicum) seed extracts against spodoptera litura (s. litura) and helicoverpa armigera (h. armigera). | 2012 | 23593579 |
| cloning, expression analysis, and molecular modeling of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor alpha2 subunit gene from the common cutworm, spodoptera litura. | intensive research on the molecule structures of the gamma-nminobutyric acid (gaba) receptor in agricultural pests has great significance to the mechanism investigation, resistance prevention, and molecular design of novel pesticides. the gaba receptor a2 (slgabarα2) subunit gene in spodoptera litura (fabricius) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) was cloned using the technologies of reverse transcription pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends. the gemonic dna sequence of slgabarα2 has 5164 bp with 8 exo ... | 0 | 23909412 |
| [adult oviposition and larvae feeding behavior of spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on tobacco plants after infested by b-biotype bemisia tabaci (homoptera: aleyrodidae)]. | to understand the effects of the defense responses of tobacco plants induced by the infesting of b-biotype bemisia tabaci to spodoptera litura, and to explore the mechanisms of the interspecific interactions between b-biotype b. tabaci and s. litura, a laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effects of tobacco plants after infested by b-biotype b. tabaci on the adult oviposition selection and the larvae feeding, anti-feeding, and other feeding behaviors of s. litura. comparing with that ... | 2011 | 21812310 |
| effects of four host plants on susceptibility of spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae to five insecticides and activities of detoxification esterases. | the tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura (f.), is one of the most destructive polyphagous pests worldwide. the susceptibility of s. litura larvae reared on tobacco, chinese cabbage, cowpea and sweet potato to phoxim, chlorfenapyr, methomyl, fenvalerate and emamectin benzoate under laboratory conditions was determined. | 2010 | 20672333 |
| analysis of expressed sequence tags and characterization of a novel gene, slmg7, in the midgut of the common cutworm, spodoptera litura. | out of total 3,081 assembled expressed sequence tags (ests) sequences representing 6,815 high-quality ests identified in three cdna libraries constructed with rna isolated from the midgut of spodoptera litura, 1,039 ests showed significant hits and 1,107 ests did not show significant hits in blast searches. it is of interest to clarify whether or not these ests that did not show hits function in s. litura. | 2012 | 22470457 |
| the sterol carrier protein 2/3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase (scpx) is involved in cholesterol uptake in the midgut of spodoptera litura: gene cloning, expression, localization and functional analyses. | sterol carrier protein-2/3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase (scpx) gene has been suggested to be involved in absorption and transport of cholesterol. cholesterol is a membrane component and is a precursor of ecdysteroids, but cannot be synthesized de novo in insects. however, a direct association between scpx gene expression, cholesterol absorption and development in lepidopteran insects remains to be experimentally demonstrated. | 2009 | 19912624 |
| distribution, cleavage and lipidation of atg8 fusion proteins in spodoptera litura sl-hp cells. | atg8 proteins fused with tags are commonly used to detect autophagy. the expression patterns of lepidopteran insect atg8 are relatively well documented. however, the influence of protein tags on characterization of atg8 is still not very clear. our results showed that endogenous spodoptera litura atg8 and ha tagged atg8 driven by the baculovirus ie2 promoter were enriched in cytoplasm. the recombinant plasmid pegfp-atg8(egfp) in which atg8 contained a stop codon was constructed and expressed. gr ... | 2014 | 24788719 |