| serological classification by monoclonal antibodies of rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolated in korea. | antigenic types of 113 strains of rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolated from korean patients were analyzed by using murine polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. the isolates can be classified in six groups according to their reaction to a panel of monoclonal antibodies. nine isolates of group i were identified as the gilliam serotype, and 13 isolates of groups ii and iii were identified as the karp serotype. there were two groups that were considered to be a mixture of groups i and ii or groups i an ... | 1990 | 2110179 |
| [clinical and etiological studies of tsutsugamushi disease in miyazaki district--correlation of serological type of r. tsutsugamushi to clinical feature]. | the correlation of pathogenic and immunologic characteristics of rickettsia tsutsugamushi to clinical findings of patients with tsutsugamushi disease in miyazaki was investigated. in two immunological types, hirano type strains seemed to have higher virulence to mice than irie from the findings during the course of infection and on autopsy. a strain of hirano type was so virulent as to succumb to the infection. as to clinical findings, incidence of hepatomegaly was slightly higher in hirano type ... | 1990 | 2110590 |
| [the natural foci of the tsutsugamushi disease in the suburbs of hang zhou city]. | in 1986, investigating tsutsugamushi disease in the suburbs of hangzhou, we isolated rickettsia tsutsugamushi from leptotrombidium gaohuense and its reservoir hosts, rattus confucianus and rattus fulvescens, which were collected in yang shan wu village, linan county. it proved there was a natural focus of tsutsugamushi disease in the suburbs of hang zhou. which is located at 30 degrees 35'. north latitude, and main forest of the east tianmu mountain, covered by wide and needle leaves, with more ... | 1990 | 2115400 |
| analysis of rickettsia tsutsugamushi amplified dna that encodes an antigenic gene product. | | 1990 | 2116110 |
| detection of rickettsia tsutsugamushi by gene amplification using polymerase chain reaction techniques. | scrub typhus is commonly undiagnosed in endemic areas due, in part, to dependence on retrospective serodiagnosis. since the etiologic agent, r. tsutsugamushi, will not grow in cell-free systems, a rapid direct-agent detection system such as provided by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methodology is needed. genes coding for the variable 56-kda antigen of r. tsutsugamushi were amplified through 35 cycles using 20-mer oligonucleotide primers and taq polymerase. amplification of 1-ng samples of dna ... | 1990 | 2116112 |
| trombiculid mites (acari: trombiculidae) and rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolated from wild rodents in a new endemic area of japan. | investigations of trombiculid mites and rickettsia tsutsugamushi in wild rodents were made in southern gifu prefecture where patients infected with tsutsugamushi disease recently have been found. a total of 16,396 trombiculid mites, consisting of 10 species from three genera, was collected from 170 apodemus speciosus in two locations. kani-sakahogi and kuze. leptotrombidium scutellare (nagayo et al.) (44.0%) was most predominant, followed by l. pallidum (nagayo et al.) (26.9%); l. fuji (kuwata e ... | 1990 | 2117663 |
| [serodiagnosis of scrub typhus by dot-blot method]. | microimmunofluorescence (if) and immunoperoxidase tests are generally used for the serodiagnosis of scrub typhus. while these tests give satisfactory results in the hands of experienced personnel, they can be troublesome for inexperienced technicians. to develop a simpler diagnostic method, dot-blot assay was examined in this study. six antigenically distinctive strains of gilliam, karp, kato, shimokoshi, kawasaki and kuroki of rickettsia tsutsugamushi and a strain of rickettsia sibirica were do ... | 1990 | 2119408 |
| multi-laboratory evaluation of a scrub typhus diagnostic kit. | scrub typhus is a major cause of febrile illness throughout the asia-pacific region. it is commonly undiagnosed, partly because of the lack of a simple, reliable diagnostic test which can be used in clinical laboratories. the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, configured into a test kit, was provided to technicians who were trained in its use. they used the kit during a 2 year field trial in their respective clinical hospital laboratories throughout malaysia. in an evaluation using 1,722 conse ... | 1990 | 2121057 |
| characterization of a new antigenic type, kuroki, of rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolated from a patient in japan. | the kuroki strain of rickettsia tsutsugamushi, isolated from a patient in kyushu, japan, has a major, type-specific antigenic polypeptide which is distinct from the prototype strains in size (58 kilodaltons), in antigenicity, and in its cleavage pattern with n-chlorosuccinimide. these results indicate that kuroki is another antigenic type of r. tsutsugamushi. | 1990 | 2121793 |
| scrub typhus in suburban bangkok: first cases. | three patients, two of whom had eschars, were admitted with fulminant febrile disease suggestive of scrub typhus. elevated igg and igm to rickettsia tsutsugamushi were detected in all three by ifa. the cases lived in widely separated areas of western bangkok where fruit trees are grown and claimed not to have left the areas of their homes during the estimated incubation periods. a field survey collected rodents, treeshrews, and mites fro around the homes of each case. r. tsutsugamushi was isolat ... | 1990 | 2126275 |
| transmission of rickettsia tsutsugamushi from apodemus speciosus, a wild rodent, to larval trombiculid mites during the feeding process. | transmission of rickettsia tsutsugamushi (rt) from a rodent to trombiculid mites was studied. wild rodents, apodemus speciosus, were subcutaneously inoculated with karp strain of rt, and larval trombiculid mites were released on the ear lobes for feeding, 10 and 20 days after infection. isolation of rt was performed from individual mites or pools of 2 to 7 mites by the mouse passage method. from apodemus 10 days after rt infection, possibly at the time of high rickettsiaemia, the infection rates ... | 1990 | 2127292 |
| resistance to rickettsia tsutsugamushi and persistence of infection in different wild rodents. | | 1990 | 2127293 |
| aggregated distribution of infective spots composed of leptotrombidium pallidum, highly prevalent with rickettsia tsutsugamushi, demonstrated by sentinel voles, microtus montebelli, on the ground. | in the epidemiological surveys on scrub typhus at chichibu city near tokyo, an area, 350 m by 35 m, in the hitsujiyama park was found to be heavily infested with rickettsia tsutsugamushi (rt). distribution of trombiculid mites and their infection rates in this area were studied using sentinel animals, 48 microtus montebelli and 10 ddy mice. the surveys were conducted 6 times in the autumn in 1985 and 1986. at the first 2 surveys, 16 animals were placed at random, and 4 restricted areas were iden ... | 1990 | 2128945 |
| development of antigen-specific cell-mediated immune responses after infection of cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) with rickettsia tsutsugamushi. | cynomolgus monkeys were evaluated for cellular immune responses after infection with the karp strain of rickettsia tsutsugamushi. antibody and clinical signs of localized and systemic infection were also evaluated. animals challenged with homologous or heterologous strains at various times after a primary infection were also followed up. naive monkeys developed eschars, lymphadenopathy, rickettsemia, and elevated body temperatures. antibody in these animals was igm followed by igg. lymphocyte pr ... | 1985 | 2413138 |
| identification and partial characterization of rickettsia tsutsugamushi major protein immunogens. | strains of rickettsia tsutsugamushi so far examined have either three or four quantitatively predominant proteins, which apparently are surface proteins and which range in size between 50 and 63 kilodaltons. these polypeptides also were the major immunogens detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of extracted rickettsial proteins which had been precipitated by hyperimmune rabbit sera. the major proteins from different rickettsial strains share some epitopes, as evidenced by the lack of st ... | 1985 | 2415453 |
| pathology of toxic death in mice following intravenous injection of rickettsia tsutsugamushi strain gilliam: examination by light and scanning electron microscopy. | the pathologic manifestations of the toxic death elicited by the iv injection of mice with rickettsia tsutsugamushi strain gilliam were examined by light and scanning electron microscopic techniques to ascertain the cause of death. light microscopic examinations of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of organs suggested the presence of fluid in the lungs; this was confirmed by an increase in the weight of the lungs of moribund mice. scanning electron microscopy of blood cells demonstrated a m ... | 1985 | 2416973 |
| [antigenic structure of the rickettsiae]. | | 1985 | 2418607 |
| identification of strain-specific and group-reactive antigenic determinants on the karp, gilliam and kato strains of rickettsia tsutsugamushi. | hybridoma antibodies (hab) were prepared against the karp, gilliam and kato strains of rickettsia tsutsugamushi and were examined for homologous and heterologous reactivity using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. strain-specific hab demonstrated homologous ifa titers ranging from 1/320 to 1/1,280 and did not react (less than 1/10) with the heterologous strains. the cross-reactive hab generally reacted equally with all three strains in the scrub typhus group; however, there were some hab that ... | 1985 | 2422967 |
| establishment and characterization of a t-cell line specific for rickettsia tsutsugamushi. | to study the immunological protective system against rickettsial infection, a t-cell line specific for rickettsia tsutsugamushi antigen was established by long-term culture of splenocytes from mice immunized with live gilliam strain r. tsutsugamushi and then propagated in the presence of homologous rickettsial antigen and syngeneic filler cells. the characteristics of the t-cell line and its capacity to induce antirickettsial protection in vivo were studied. flow cytometric analysis demonstrated ... | 1987 | 2443453 |
| [immunological analysis of newly isolated strains of rickettsia tsutsugamushi using monoclonal antibodies]. | | 1987 | 2452853 |
| antigenic and genetic relatedness of eight rickettsia tsutsugamushi antigens. | the genetic and antigenic relatedness of eight antigens in three strains of rickettsia tsutsugamushi has been studied by using recombinant organisms expressing epitopes of the 150-, 110-, 72-, 58-, 56-, 49-, 47-, and 20-kilodalton (kda) polypeptide antigens of the karp strain. southern blot analysis of karp, kato, and gilliam strain genomic dna by using probes specific for each antigen class indicated that while strong homology exists between each of the corresponding antigen genes in these thre ... | 1989 | 2476399 |
| purification and partial characterization of a type-specific antigen of rickettsia tsutsugamushi. | a type-specific antigen (54- to 56-kilodalton polypeptide) in the envelope of rickettsia tsutsugamushi was purified from each of three prototype strains (gilliam, karp, and kato) by a combination of mild anionic detergent treatment, gel filtration, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. the purified antigens from the three strains were shown to have similar amino acid compositions: primarily aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glycine, with lesser amounts of cysteine, methionine ... | 1989 | 2496028 |
| characterization of factors determining rickettsia tsutsugamushi pathogenicity for mice. | pathogenicity of rickettsia tsutsugamushi for laboratory mice is known to be influenced by at least three factors: (i) route of inoculation, (ii) antigenic strain, and (iii) natural resistance of the host. by using karp, gilliam, and kato strains of r. tsutsugamushi, we examined the effect of these three pathogenicity factors on the kinetics of infection and the development of immunity in balb/cdub and c3h/hedub mice. the appearance of rickettsemia in the pathogenic infections generally preceded ... | 1989 | 2496030 |
| [antigenic types of rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolated from patients with tsutsugamushi fever and their distribution in miyazaki prefecture]. | rickettsia tsutsugamushi (rt) isolated from patients with tsutsugamushi fever were examined for their antigenicity. this was done by indirect immunofluorescence (iif) with guinea pig antisera against three standard strains (karp, kato and gilliam) and two local strains (kawasaki and kuroki) isolated in 1981, and with mouse monoclonal antibodies against the three standard strains. in the meantime, antibodies in sera from 317 out of 442 patients registered during 1985 to 1988 were titrated by iif ... | 1989 | 2501427 |
| serodiagnosis of scrub typhus with antigens immobilized on nitrocellulose sheet. | this study was designed to develop a simple method for serodiagnosis of scrub typhus. the basis of the method is detection of anti-rickettsia tsutsugamushi antibody in patient serum by reaction with antigens dot blotted on a nitrocellulose sheet (ncs). the final evaluation of the reaction is performed by observing the color intensity which develops as a result of sequential treatments of the ncs with peroxidase-conjugated anti-human immunoglobulin g or immunoglobulin m antibody and with the subs ... | 1989 | 2504776 |
| [the first case of tsutsugamushi disease in ehime prefecture]. | the first case of tsutsugamushi disease in ehime prefecture was experienced in december 1987 with successful isolation of the causative agent. the patient was taken ill twelve days after infection. immunofluorescent antibody tests using the isolate, yamazaki strain, and gilliam, karp, kato, irie and shimokoshi strains as antigens revealed that the specific antibodies against these antigens appeared and increased in the blood of the patient during the course of the disease. and the antibody titer ... | 1989 | 2504840 |
| lymphocyte subpopulations of peripheral blood in tsutsugamushi disease. | we examined lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood and serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (ig) in 8 patients with tsutsugamushi disease. in 7 of the 8 cases, there was a 4-fold or greater increase in igg and igm antibody titers between the initial and convalescent serum specimens. in one case, there was no increase, but igm antibodies were detected with diagnostically significant antibody titers. the percentages of cd8- and cd2-positive lymphocytes measured before treatment were f ... | 1989 | 2506300 |
| [comparison of in vitro susceptibilities of rickettsia prowazekii, r. rickettsii, r. sibirica and r. tsutsugamushi to antimicrobial agents]. | the in vitro activities of 16 antimicrobial agents against rickettsia prowazekii (breinl strain), r. rickettsii (bitterroot strain), r. sibirica (atcc no. vr151) and r. tsutsugamushi (gilliam, karp, kato, shimokoshi, kawasaki and kuroki strains) were determined by the cell culture method. tetracycline, demethylchlortetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, chloramphenicol, kitasamycin and rifampicin were generally effective (mic, 0.005-0.78 micrograms/ml) to all strains tested. quinolones such as ... | 1989 | 2512394 |
| [a study on immunity in tsutsugamushi disease]. | the immune response in human tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) was studied. anti-rickettsial activity of sera, peripheral mononuclear cells and their culture supernatants from patients on in vitro growth of rickettsia tsutsugamushi proliferating in normal human peripheral macrophages was examined. the results obtained were as follows. 1) sera from patients at the early convalescent stage, which exhibited high antibody titers against r. tsutsugamushi, effectively inhibited their growth in macr ... | 1989 | 2515224 |
| [the first case of tsutsugamushi disease in 20 years infected in a rural region of osaka]. | recently cases of tsutsugamushi disease have been reported in various areas in japan. we met a case infected in a rural area, sennan of osaka prefecture. the patient suffered from high fever, left axillary lymphadenitis. at his left elbow an eschar was detected, so tsutsugamushi disease was suspected, despite no rash nor crp elevation. by indirect immunofluorescence (if) method, the diagnosis was confirmed. at an early stage (the fifth day after onset) he was followed by probable dic, remitted s ... | 1989 | 2515227 |
| [infectious diseases and monoclonal antibodies]. | | 1989 | 2559132 |
| immunosuppression associated with the development of chronic infections with rickettsia tsutsugamushi: adherent suppressor cell activity and macrophage activation. | measures of general immunocompetency such as lymphocyte responses to mitogens and alloantigens and the ability to produce antibody to t-dependent and t-independent antigens were evaluated during the development of chronic infections with rickettsia tsutsugamushi resulting from subcutaneous infection of balb/c mice. it was found that a transient immunosuppression was demonstrable regardless of the infecting strain of rickettsiae; however, the immunosuppression produced by the karp and kato strain ... | 1985 | 2931378 |
| use of conversion adaptors to clone antigen genes in lambda gt11. | a strategy has been devised and tested to employ ecori conversion adaptors for cloning 5' cohesive-ended restriction fragments into the unique ecori site of the lambda gt11 expression vector. five lambda gt11 chromosomal libraries were constructed with rickettsia tsutsugamushi genomic dna digested with restriction enzymes generating five different 5' cohesive ends. recombinant phage yields as high as 10(7) plaque forming units were achieved without amplification of the five libraries. sequences ... | 1987 | 2959169 |
| effect of sublethal gamma radiation on host defenses in experimental scrub typhus. | the effect of sublethal gamma radiation on inbred mice chronically infected with scrub typhus rickettsiae was examined. inbred mice which were inoculated with the gilliam or karp strain of rickettsia tsutsugamushi by the subcutaneous route harbored the infection for at least 1 year. irradiation of these animals at 12 or 52 weeks postinoculation with normally sublethal levels induced a significantly higher percentage of rickettsemic mice (recrudescence) than was seen in the unirradiated, similarl ... | 1986 | 3011671 |
| mechanisms of immunity to rickettsial infection: characterization of a cytotoxic effector cell. | rickettsiae, as other intracellular bacteria, are relatively sequestered from the effects of antibody and local antibody-independent responses. considering the obligate intracellular nature of rickettsia, the exact mechanisms by which lymphocytes and macrophages encounter rickettsial antigens and eliminate the infection depends upon the appropriate presentation of antigen to the immune system. we demonstrate here that cells taken from the spleens of rickettsia typhi- or r. tsutsugamushi-infected ... | 1986 | 3080523 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal strain-specific antibodies against prototype strains of rickettsia tsutsugamushi. | we have developed 18 hybridoma cell lines which secrete murine monoclonal strain-specific antibodies to prototype strains of rickettsia tsutsugamushi: nine anti-gilliam, four anti-karp and five anti-kato antibodies. all the monoclonal antibodies reacted only with their homologous strains in direct and indirect immunofluorescence (if), or indirect immunoperoxidase (ip) test. by if and ip tests with the monoclonal antibodies, 22 strains of r. tsutsugamushi, which were newly isolated from mites, fi ... | 1986 | 3095611 |
| immunological properties of rickettsia tsutsugamushi, kawasaki strain, isolated from a patient in kyushu. | nine isolates of rickettsia tsutsugamushi were obtained from patients with tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) in miyazaki prefecture in kyushu. immunological analyses of these patients' sera and the isolates were performed by indirect immunofluorescence, indirect immunoperoxidase or immunoblotting techniques. in the analysis of reactions of the patients' sera with the prototype strains gilliam, karp, and kato and with the isolates, sera from two patients, including kawasaki, showed similar pro ... | 1986 | 3095612 |
| [present status of tsutsugamushi disease, especially its epidemiology, clinical features and etiological diagnosis in japan]. | | 1986 | 3095984 |
| [a case of tsutsugamushi disease with isolation of rickettsia from peripheral blood and tsutsugamushi disease in japan]. | | 1986 | 3097353 |
| suppression of lymphocyte responsiveness during acute rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection in mice. | lymphocytes from inbred balb/cyj mice infected subcutaneously with 10(3) mld50 of rickettsia tsutsugamushi karp strain were unresponsive to rickettsial antigens and phytohemagglutinin in the lymphocyte transformation assay between 11 and 28 days post-infection. there was, however, no correlation between this suppressed responsiveness to rickettsial antigens and the immune capacity to resist a normally lethal ip challenge with the karp strain. fourteen days after infection, these mice survived a ... | 1986 | 3097359 |
| detection of surface antigen in rickettsia tsutsugamushi infected mouse reticuloendothelial cells. | antibody produced by immunizing cba/caj mice with re cells from c57b1/6j mice infected 14 days earlier with r. tsutsugamushi gilliam strain bound readily to gilliam strain non-cell associated rickettsiae and less readily to the periphery of infected re cells. conversely, antibody produced by immunizing with re cells infected 21 days earlier did not bind to gilliam rickettsiae but bound to the surface of re cells from mice infected 21 days earlier. this binding was not related to alloantibodies b ... | 1986 | 3097832 |
| two new species of leptotrombidium (acari: actinedida: trombiculidae), probable vectors of scrub typhus in thailand. | | 1986 | 3098976 |
| antigens of virulent and attenuated rickettsia tsutsugamushi. | we studied the antigens present in l929 mouse fibroblast or rabbit testicular cells, which had been infected or not with a prototype strain of rickettsia tsutsugamushi, the causal agent of scrub typhus, and its attenuated variant. immunoblotting revealed four antigens, designated 1, 1a, 2 and 3, which appeared to be specifically associated with infection with this organism. antigens 1 and 1a had similar mol. wt of about 60 kd and antigen 2 and 3 had mol. wts of 45 kd and 28 kd respectively. wher ... | 1986 | 3102133 |
| molecular cloning and expression of rickettsia tsutsugamushi genes for two major protein antigens in escherichia coli. | several polypeptide antigens of rickettsia tsutsugamushi are recognized by human or primate convalescent sera and may be important protective immunogens. molecular cloning and expression of the genes encoding the 110k (110 kilodalton) and 56k polypeptide antigens of r. tsutsugamushi karp were accomplished in the lambda gt11 expression vector system. southern blot analysis with the cloned fragments for the 56k polypeptide antigen (0.7 kilobases) and the 110k polypeptide antigen (5.4 kilobases) co ... | 1987 | 3106214 |
| a serological survey of scrub, tick, and endemic typhus in sabah, east malaysia. | a seroepidemiological survey of 837 people and 383 febrile patients was performed in rural areas of sabah. we determined that the rickettsial diseases scrub typhus and endemic typhus were uncommon causes of febrile illness, as was tick typhus, except in forest dwelling peoples. the rate of occurrence of sfgr specific antibody was 16.5% among 412 forest dwellers, indicating that tick typhus may be a frequent cause of illness in this population. | 1986 | 3107139 |
| factors influencing rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection of cultured cells. | several factors which influence rickettsia tsutsugamushi infectivity of, and replication in, cultured cells have been investigated in order to establish standard laboratory conditions for reliable quantitation and maximization of rickettsial yield and to begin to explore the nature of the relationship between the rickettsia and its host cell. the extent of scrub typhus rickettsial association with host cells was dependent on the rickettsial and target cell concentrations and on the medium in whi ... | 1987 | 3107411 |
| improved plaque assay for rickettsia tsutsugamushi. | the assay of rickettsia tsutsugamushi infectivity by plaquing has been improved substantially by a number of changes which were based on our understanding of factors which enhance scrub typhus rickettsial infection of, and replication in, cultured cells. greater numbers of plaques and/or larger plaques resulted from: use of tissue culture medium instead of brain heart infusion broth as the rickettsial diluent; plaquing in a contact-inhibited mouse embryo cell line rather than in growth-inhibited ... | 1987 | 3107412 |
| deficiency of peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide components in rickettsia tsutsugamushi. | analyses of chemical composition in whole cells of rickettsia tsutsugamushi were performed and compared with those of the other rickettsiae and gram-negative bacteria. the results indicated that r. tsutsugamushi does not contain detectable amounts of 3-deoxy-d-mannooctulosonic acid, heptose, muramic acid, or glucosamine (less than 2, less than 2, less than 3, and less than 3 nmol/mg, respectively). the microorganism was found to contain four kinds of fatty acids (16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2), but ... | 1987 | 3114150 |
| [immunological studies of rickettsial infection establishment and characterization of rickettsia tsutsugamushi antigen-specific t cell line]. | | 1987 | 3117947 |
| lysis of cells infected with typhus group rickettsiae by a human cytotoxic t cell clone. | cytolytic human t cell clones generated in response to the intracellular bacterium rickettsia typhi were characterized. growing clones were tested for their ability to proliferate specifically in response to antigens derived from typhus group rickettsiae or to lyse targets infected with r. typhi or rickettsia prowazekii. two clones were able to lyse targets infected with typhus group rickettsiae. one of these clones was more fully characterized because of its rapid growth characteristics. this c ... | 1987 | 3121731 |
| study on leptotrombidium gaohuensis sp. nov., newly discovered vector of tsutsugamushi disease. | | 1987 | 3123167 |
| [production and characterization of the monoclonal antibodies to rickettsia tsutsugamushi]. | | 1987 | 3123571 |
| epidemiological studies on the background of the endemic occurrence of tsutsugamushi disease in toyama prefecture. ii. anti-rickettsia tsutsugamushi antibody-positive rate in inhabitants of endemic and nonendemic areas. | with a view to clarifying the actual state of inapparent infection of tsutsugamushi diseases, inhibitants of endemic and nonendemic areas were screened for anti-rickettsia tsutsugamushi antibody (anti-rt antibody) by the indirect immunofluorescence test. the anti-rt antibody-positive rate in the inhabitants of the endemic area (about 50%) was statistically significantly higher than that in the nonendemic area (14.7%). the antibody titer in the inhabitants of the endemic area was 10-160, and the ... | 1987 | 3123897 |
| the diagnosis of scrub typhus: an evaluation. | | 1987 | 3123899 |
| [microbiological studies on rickettsia tsutsugamushi]. | | 1987 | 3126288 |
| comparative evaluation of the indirect immunoperoxidase test for the serodiagnosis of rickettsial disease. | an indirect immunoperoxidase test was compared with an indirect fluorescent antibody test and the weil-felix oxk test for serodiagnosis of scrub typhus by measuring the rickettsial antigen specific activity of igg, igm, and whole globulin. acute and convalescent sera from 50 rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolate-positive scrub typhus patients and from 45 febrile patients diagnosed as having diseases other than scrub typhus were tested. the receiver operating characteristic for each test showed that t ... | 1988 | 3128129 |
| effect of rickettsial antigen-specific t cell line on the interaction of rickettsia tsutsugamushi with macrophages. | the effect of rickettsial antigen-specific t cell line on macrophages infected with rickettsia tsutsugamushi was studied. it was suggested that the t cells could produce a factor which acts cytotoxically and selectively on infected macrophages. | 1988 | 3134599 |
| recognition of typhus group rickettsia-infected targets by human lymphokine-activated killer cells. | lymphokine-activated killer cells caused significant lysis of target cells infected with typhus group rickettsiae (tgr) but not cells infected with rickettsia tsutsugamushi. monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against tgr or tgr-infected cells failed to bind specifically to infected targets, as determined by flow cytometry or by immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled cell surface proteins. major unaltered antigenic determinants of tgr therefore cannot be detected on the surface of infected targets ... | 1988 | 3137174 |
| [epidemiology of tsutsugamushi disease in hokuriku district, japan. 2. seasonal observations of vectors and rickettsial pathogens at fixed points, associated with these distributions]. | | 1988 | 3137292 |
| newly isolated strains of rickettsia tsutsugamushi in japan identified by using monoclonal antibodies to karp, gilliam, and kato strains. | four isolated strains of rickettsia tsutsugamushi from patients in a new endemic area of japan were tested for antigenicities by using 12 monoclonal antibodies to karp, gilliam, and kato strains. it was suggested that one isolate was karp related and that the others were two independent strains. | 1988 | 3141468 |
| [ecological survey on rickettsia tsutsugamushi in wild rodents in a rural area, tama, in tokyo]. | | 1988 | 3143788 |
| electron microscopic observations of the embryo leptotrombidium (leptotrombidium) pallidum naturally infected with rickettsia tsutsugamushi. | embryos of leptotrombidium (leptotrombidium) pallidum mites naturally infected with rickettsia tsutsugamushi were examined by electron microscopy. rickettsiae were not found in eggs just after oviposition, but were easily detected in cells at the various parts of the embryos just before hatching, indicating that the rickettsiae are surely vertically transmitted from infected adult mites to the larvae through embryos, and the rickettsiae may multiply in situ during the developing process of the e ... | 1988 | 3145388 |
| [pathogenic agents of rickettsia tsutsugamushi]. | | 1988 | 3145992 |
| [susceptibilities of recent clinical isolates of rickettsia tsutsugamushi to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro]. | | 1988 | 3146604 |
| immunoblotting analysis of anti-rickettsial antibodies produced in patients of tsutsugamushi disease. | the reactivity of sera from patients of tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) with the antigenic polypeptides of rickettsia tsutsugamushi was analyzed by the immunoblotting method. the reactivity varied greatly among the sera of individual patients tested. igg and igm antibodies of most patients reacted with the 54-56 kilodalton (54-56k) polypeptide located on the rickettsial surface, suggesting that this polypeptide is a predominant antigen in the infection. other polypeptides of 60k, 50-52k, 46 ... | 1988 | 3146683 |
| evaluation of the whole blood lymphocyte transformation assay for scrub typhus exposure: adaptability to field sample collection. | the optimal conditions for the determination of exposure to scrub typhus by the whole blood lymphocyte transformation assay was 7 days culture of 10% blood in rpmi 1640 medium supplemented with 10% human ab-negative serum and l-glutamine with 50-200 micrograms protein/ml of karp, kato, or gilliam strain membrane antigen. a simple exponentially decaying linear model shows the decrease in lymphocyte viability, the ability of sensitized cells to be stimulated with pha mitogen, and the corresponding ... | 1988 | 3149355 |
| transovarial transmission of rickettsia tsutsugamushi in leptotrombidium pallidum successively reared in the laboratory. | engorged larvae of leptotrombidium pallidum were collected from a wild rodent, apodemus speciosus, and reared in a plastic container fed with fresh eggs of colembolla, sinella curviseta, under moist conditions at 25 degrees c. fully developed adults were separated into individual containers and a proven male was paired with a suspected female. of the pairings, 38 produced larvae and 4 infected colonies were established. females in these colonies were shown to be infected with karp type of ricket ... | 1988 | 3149693 |
| invasion and intracellular growth of rickettsia tsutsugamushi. | intracellular multiplication of rickettsia tsutsugamushi, a causative agent of scrub typhus, was examined by electron microscopy of specimens prepared at various time intervals after infection of in vitro cultured cells. the sequential morphological growth cycle of the microorganism is presented diagrammatically. | 1988 | 3152710 |
| [effect of antibiotics on the persistence of rickettsia]. | | 1985 | 3922156 |
| analysis of polypeptide composition and antigenic components of rickettsia tsutsugamushi by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of lysates of purified rickettsia tsutsugamushi revealed as many as 30 polypeptide bands, including major bands corresponding to molecular sizes of 70, 60, 54 to 56, and 46 to 47 kilodaltons. compared with the polypeptide composition of the rickettsiae of gilliam, karp, and kato strains and a newly isolated shimokoshi strain, the major polypeptide in the kato strain (54-56k) and in the karp strain (46-47k) migrated a little faster and slower, respectively, than ... | 1985 | 3922893 |
| immunological studies of experimental tsutsugamushi disease in congenitally athymic (nude) mice. | athymic mice were taken ill and died from infection with the high virulence as well as the low virulence strains of rickettsia tsutsugamushi, and they did not improve in spite of tetracycline therapy. moreover, neither 7s nor igm antibody was detected by immunofluorescent antibody method in serum samples of athymic mice infected with the high virulence strain. although immune serum-transfer exhibited some protective effect in athymic mice infected with the high virulence strain, it was far lower ... | 1985 | 3923854 |
| purification of cell envelopes of rickettsia tsutsugamushi. | | 1985 | 3929033 |
| [studies on tsutsugamushi disease in gifu prefecture. i. isolation of rickettsia tsutsugamushi from wild rodents at a new area and epidemiological studies on patients and latent patients in the prefecture]. | | 1985 | 3932534 |
| [in vitro susceptibility of recent clinical isolates of rickettsia tsutsugamushi to chemotherapeutic agents]. | | 1985 | 3932536 |
| [first case of tsutsugamushi disease in fukui prefecture with isolation of rickettsia from its donated blood]. | | 1985 | 3932538 |
| developmental sequence and surface membrane assembly of rickettsiae. | | 1985 | 3933409 |
| a scanning and transmission electron microscopic examination of rickettsia tsutsugamushi-infected human endothelial, mrc-5, and l-929 cells. | monolayers of primary human endothelial cells were infected with the karp strain of rickettsia tsutsugamushi and examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. the results were compared with those obtained with similarly infected l-929 and mrc-5 cells and with uninfected cells of all three types. the rickettsiae grew to slightly higher titers in the human endothelial cells. transmission electron microscopy revealed significant changes in the host cell organelles; a reduction in ribos ... | 1985 | 3934435 |
| epidemiological studies on the background of the endemic occurrence of tsutsugamushi disease in toyama prefecture. i. epidemiology of infection with rickettsia tsutsugamuchi among field rodents in endemic and nonendemic areas. | in order to clarify the epidemiological background of the endemic occurrence of tsutsugamushi disease in toyama prefecture, japan, since 1978, comparative surveys have been carried out between endemic and nonendemic areas. rickettsia tsutsugamushi (rt) was isolated at a rate of about 36% (158/439) from field rodents in the endemic area while it was not isolated from any of 280 in nonendemic areas. in all of six stations in the endemic area, a significantly high proportion of rodents were found t ... | 1985 | 3934506 |
| [tsutsugamushi disease, in special relation to the new type disease]. | | 1985 | 3935745 |
| [trans-ovarian infection of rickettsia tustsugamushi in trombicula kaohuensis (sp. nov.)]. | | 1985 | 3937601 |
| [studies on tsutsugamushi disease in gifu prefecture. 2. a speculation on the vector]. | | 1985 | 3938463 |
| [studies on epidemiological and diagnostic problems in tsutsugamushi disease. with special reference to 9 cases occurring in gifu prefecture, japan]. | | 1985 | 3938471 |
| evidence of spotted fever rickettsial infection in japan as demonstrated by the indirect immunoperoxidase test. | | 1985 | 3938518 |
| proliferating sites of rickettsia tsutsugamushi in mice by different routes of inoculation evidenced with immunofluorescence. | the sites of multiplication of rickettsia tsutsugamushi in mice by different routes of inoculation were investigated by means of immunofluorescence. r. tsutsugamushi (kato, karp, gilliam and miyake strains) inoculated by intraperitoneal route multiplied significantly in mesothelial and inflammatory cells of the peritoneal cavity of ddd and balb/c (nu/nu) mice. the rickettsial growth was not detected in parenchymal cells of the liver, spleen, kidneys and lymph nodes of ddd mice, but slightly obse ... | 1985 | 3938824 |
| [trombicula gaohuensis sp.nov.:--a new vector of tsutsugamushi disease]. | | 1985 | 3939193 |
| form and function of the glycocalyx on free cell surfaces. | | 1974 | 4136239 |
| [ticks as the media for a rickettsia habitatl (a survey of the literature)]. | | 1973 | 4197102 |
| some epidemiological considerations of scrub typhus (rickettsia tsutsugamushi) in a natural focus in the zambales mountains, luzon, republic of the philippines. | | 1973 | 4197953 |
| metabolism of richettsia tsutsugamushi and rickettsia rickettsi in irradiated host cells. | the metabolism of rickettsia tsutsugamushi (gilliam strain) multiplying in irradiated l cells was investigated by methods involving the use of (14)c-labeled substrates and cycloheximide, an inhibitor of eukaryotic metabolism. cycloheximide-resistant amino acid and adenine incorporations were appreciably higher in infected than in uninfected cultures during the period from 3 to 5 or 6 days postinoculation. the metabolism of r. rickettsi was similarly studied in primary duck embryo cells, which ar ... | 1973 | 4198104 |
| scrub typhus in south vietnam. a study of 87 cases. | | 1973 | 4198459 |
| the silvered leaf-monkey of malaysia, presbytis cristatus: disease model for human scrub typhus. | | 1973 | 4198721 |
| microdissection of scrub typhus vectors. | | 1973 | 4201358 |
| summary of recent abstracts. vii. rickettsial diseases. | | 1973 | 4207153 |
| involvement of small mammals in the transmission of scrub typhus in malaysia: isolation and serological evidence. | | 1973 | 4207572 |
| scrub typhus antibody in mammals in three habitats in sabah. | | 1974 | 4209140 |
| scrub typhus in eastern taiwan, 1970. | | 1974 | 4211123 |
| the ecology of chigger-borne rickettsiosis (scrub typhus). | | 1974 | 4212400 |
| [rickettsia and macrophages in vitro]. | | 1973 | 4214590 |
| [sensitivity of different cell cultures to tsutsugamushi rickettsiae]. | | 1974 | 4217515 |
| [the capacity of tsutsugamushi rickettsiae for plaque formation]. | | 1974 | 4217516 |