| isolation and characterization of two strains of fusarium oxysporum causing potato dry rot in solanum tuberosum in colombia. | background: fusarium oxysporum has worldwide distribution and causes severe vascular wilt or root rot in many plants. strains are classified into formae speciales based on their high degree of host specificity, of which multilocus sequence typing provides a fairly good estimate. aims: the main aim of this study was to identify the causal agent of an infected potato tuber in colombia. methodology and results: two f. oxysporum isolates were recovered from a potato tuber showing symptoms of dry rot ... | 2011 | 21635960 |
| phytoestrogens in botanical dietary supplements: implications for cancer. | phytoestrogens are plant constituents that possess either estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity. although their activities are weak as compared with human endogenous estrogens, the consumption of phytoestrogens may have clinically significant consequences. a number of botanicals, or the compounds contained therein, have been identified as putative estrogenic agents, but consensus in the biomedical community has been hampered by conflicting data from various in vitro and in vivo models of estroge ... | 2003 | 15035899 |
| cloning and expression of the isoflavone synthase gene (ifs-tp) from trifolium pratense. | isoflavones are secondary metabolites found mainly in leguminous plants. their synthesis from flavanones is catalyzed by isoflavone synthase (ifs). we have cloned a isoflavone synthase gene (ifs-tp) from trifolium pratense that encodes a predicted 525 amino acids protein, molecular weight 59 kda, with strong homology to ifs's from other legumes. ifs-tp was expressed in all the tissues examined, and addition of glutathione and uv irradiation enhanced its expression. microsomes from yeast transfor ... | 2003 | 12872984 |
| methylated arsenic species in plants originate from soil microorganisms. | • inorganic arsenic (ias) is a ubiquitous human carcinogen, and rice (oryza sativa) is the main contributor to ias in the diet. methylated pentavalent as species are less toxic and are routinely found in plants; however, it is currently unknown whether plants are able to methylate as. • rice, tomato (solanum lycopersicum) and red clover (trifolium pratense) were exposed to ias, monomethylarsonic acid (mma(v)), or dimethylarsinic acid (dma(v)), under axenic conditions. rice seedlings were also gr ... | 2011 | 22098145 |
| comparison of hormonal activity (estrogen, androgen and progestin) of standardized plant extracts for large scale use in hormone replacement therapy. | extracts from red clover (trifolium pratense), soybean (glycine max.) and black cohosh (cimicifuga racemosa) are frequently used as alternative compounds for hormone replacement therapy (hrt) to treat menopausal disorders. fifteen commercially available products made either from red clover, soybean or black cohosh were tested in in vitro assays in this study. the main polycyclic phenolic compounds of soy and red clover products were biochanin a, genistein, daidzein, formononetin, and glycitein. ... | 2003 | 12711012 |
| survival of three commercially available natural enemies exposed to michigan wildflowers. | flowering plants are often used in habitat management programs to conserve the arthropod natural enemies of insect pests. in this study, nine species of flowering plants representing six families commonly found in north america east of the rocky mountains were evaluated based on how much they extended the lifespans of three commercially available natural enemy species in cages with cut flower stems compared with cages containing water only. the natural enemies used in the experiments were a lady ... | 2011 | 22251728 |
| modulation of legume defense signaling pathways by native and non-native pea aphid clones. | the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) is a complex of at least 15 genetically different host races that are native to specific legume plants, but can all develop on the universal host plant vicia faba. despite much research, it is still unclear why pea aphid host races (biotypes) are able to colonize their native hosts while other host races are not. all aphids penetrate the plant and salivate into plant cells when they test plant suitability. thus plants might react differently to the various pea ... | 2016 | 28018405 |
| isolation, plant colonization potential, and phenanthrene degradation performance of the endophytic bacterium pseudomonas sp. ph6-gfp. | this investigation provides a novel method of endophyte-aided removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) from plant bodies. a phenanthrene-degrading endophytic bacterium pseudomonas sp. ph6 was isolated from clover (trifolium pratense l.) grown in a pah-contaminated site. after being marked with the gfp gene, the colonization and distribution of strain ph6-gfp was directly visualized in plant roots, stems, and leaves for the first time. after ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) roots inoc ... | 2014 | 24964867 |
| the development of trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae on a range of herbage species or on plots of differing topographical aspect. | five "contaminations", where faeces containing trichostrongylus colubriformis eggs were deposited on pasture and serially recovered, were used to compare the rate of decline of faecal mass and larval development. in the first three contaminations, faeces from a common source were deposited on swards of browntop (agrostis capillaris cv grasslands muster), ryegrass (lolium perenne cv grassland nui), white clover (trifolium pratense cv grassland tahora), or onto bare ground in the late spring, summ ... | 2003 | 12591198 |
| antioxidant defenses in the peripheral cell layers of legume root nodules. | ascorbate peroxidase (ap) is a key enzyme that scavenges potentially harmful h2o2 and thus prevents oxidative damage in plants, especially in n2-fixing legume root nodules. the present study demonstrates that the nodule endodermis of alfalfa (medicago sativa) root nodules contains elevated levels of ap protein, as well as the corresponding mrna transcript and substrate (ascorbate). enhanced ap protein levels were also found in cells immediately peripheral to the infected region of soybean (glyci ... | 1998 | 9449834 |
| deciphering composition and function of the root microbiome of a legume plant. | diverse assemblages of microbes colonize plant roots and collectively function as a microbiome. earlier work has characterized the root microbiomes of numerous plant species, but little information is available for legumes despite their key role in numerous ecosystems including agricultural systems. legumes form a root nodule symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia bacteria and thereby account for large, natural nitrogen inputs into soils. here, we describe the root bacteria microbiome of the le ... | 2017 | 28095877 |
| genomic characterization of the leed..peeds, a gene family unique to the medicago lineage. | the leed..peed (lp) gene family in medicago truncatula (a17) is composed of 13 genes coding small putatively secreted peptides with one to two conserved domains of negatively charged residues. this family is not present in the genomes of glycine max, lotus japonicus, or the irlc species cicer arietinum. lp genes were also not detected in a trifolium pratense draft genome or pisum sativum nodule transcriptome, which were sequenced de novo in this study, suggesting that the lp gene family arose wi ... | 2014 | 25155275 |
| transcriptome profiling of a rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii rosr mutant reveals the role of the transcriptional regulator rosr in motility, synthesis of cell-surface components, and other cellular processes. | rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii is a soil bacterium capable of establishing a symbiotic relationship with red clover (trifolium pratense). the presence of surface polysaccharides and other extracellular components as well as motility and competitiveness are essential traits for both adaptation of this bacterium to changing environmental conditions and successful infection of host plant roots. the r. leguminosarum bv. trifolii rosr gene encodes a protein belonging to the family of ros/mucr t ... | 2015 | 26715155 |
| a preliminary rapd-pcr analysis of cimicifuga species and other botanicals used for women's health. | traditional taxonomic methods of botanical identification that rely primarily on morphological observations cannot be used efficiently when only powdered plant materials are available. thus, our objectives were to determine if we could apply a molecular approach to: a) produce unique dna profiles that are characteristic of the species, and b) determine if the geographical area or time of collection influences these dna profiles. towards this end, random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analyses ... | 2002 | 12587700 |
| screening botanical extracts for quinoid metabolites. | botanical dietary supplements represent a significant share of the growing market for alternative medicine in the usa, where current regulations do not require assessment of their safety. to help ensure the safety of such products, an in vitro assay using pulsed ultrafiltration and lc-ms-ms has been developed to screen botanical extracts for the formation of electrophilic and potentially toxic quinoid species upon bioactivation by hepatic cytochromes p450. rat liver microsomes were trapped in a ... | 2001 | 11712913 |
| cloning and transformation analysis of isoflavone synthase gene into minshan trifolium pratense. | the aim of this study was to clone the isoflavone synthase (ifs) gene and establish the recombinant minshan trifolium pratense. the ifs gene was cloned from the callus of minshan t. pratense using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the plant expression vector pri101-an-ifs was constructed and introduced into agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404, and then screened under cephalosporin. ifs expression was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the ifs gene wa ... | 2015 | 26345862 |
| trifolium pratense l. as a potential natural antioxidant. | the essential oils of three different growth stages of trifolium pratense l. (tp1, tp2 and tp3) were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and tested for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. the highest content of volatile compounds was found in the essential oil sample tp1, where terpenes such as β-myrcene (4.55%), p-cymene (3.59%), limonene (0.86%), tetrahydroionone (1.56%) were highlighted due to their biological activity. the antioxidant activity was determined by f ... | 2014 | 24402202 |
| evaluation of estrogenic activity of plant extracts for the potential treatment of menopausal symptoms. | eight botanical preparations that are commonly used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms were tested for estrogenic activity. methanol extracts of red clover (trifolium pratense l.), chasteberry (vitex agnus-castus l.), and hops (humulus lupulus l.) showed significant competitive binding to estrogen receptors alpha (er alpha) and beta (er beta). with cultured ishikawa (endometrial) cells, red clover and hops exhibited estrogenic activity as indicated by induction of alkaline phosphatase (ap) ... | 2001 | 11368622 |
| indirect effects on mutualisms: parasitism of bumble bees and pollination service to plants. | researchers increasingly recognize the important role of mutualisms in structuring communities and view positive interactions in a community context rather than as simple pairwise interactions. indirect effects, such as those that predators have on lower trophic levels, are a key process in community ecology. however, such top-down indirect effects have rarely been extended to mutualisms. antagonists of one mutualist have the potential to negatively affect the second mutualist through negative e ... | 2013 | 23691664 |
| identification of bean hydroxycinnamoyl-coa:tetrahydroxyhexanedioate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (hhht): use of transgenic alfalfa to determine acceptor substrate specificity. | transgenic alfalfa ( medicago sativa l.) provides a useful reverse genetics platform to elucidate acceptor substrate specificity for uncharacterized bahd family hydroxycinnamoyl-coa hydroxycinnamoyl transferases. tissues of many plant species accumulate hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives, often esters, thought to serve in protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. in many cases, these specialized metabolites are produced by bahd family hydroxycinnamoyl-coa hydroxycinnamoyl transferases (hcts). be ... | 2017 | 27807616 |
| an in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome p450 3a4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. | serial dilutions of 21 commercial ethanolic herbal extracts and tinctures, and 13 related pure plant compounds have been analyzed for their in vitro cytochrome p450 3a4 (cyp3a4) inhibitory capability via a fluorometric microtitre plate assay. roughly 75% of the commercial products and 50% of the pure compounds showed significant inhibition of cyp3a4 metabolite formation. for each herbal product and pure compound exhibiting dose-dependency, the inhibition values were used to generate median inhib ... | 2000 | 10969720 |
| design and application of an in vivo reporter assay for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. | phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) is an important enzyme that links primary metabolism to secondary metabolism. its efficiency is often a critical factor that affects the overall flux of a related metabolic pathway, the titer of the final products, and the efficacy of pal-based therapies. thus, pal is a common target for metabolic engineering, and it is of significant interest to screen efficient pals for industrial and medical applications. in this study, a novel and efficient visible reporter ... | 2013 | 23907258 |
| effect of biochanin a on corn grain (zea mays) fermentation by bovine rumen amylolytic bacteria. | the objective was to determine the effect of biochanin a (bca), an isoflavone produced by red clover (trifolium pratense l.), on corn fermentation by rumen micro-organisms. | 2017 | 28055130 |
| molecular characterization and symbiotic importance of prsd gene of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii ta1. | the prsd, prse and orf3 genes of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain ta1 encode the proteins which are significantly related to the family of bacterial abc transporters type i secretion systems. the prsd:km(r) mutant of strain ta1 induced non-nitrogen-fixing nodules on trifolium pratense. microscopic analysis of the nodules induced by prsd mutant did not reveal major abberations in the bacteroid appearance. the exopolysaccharide of prsd mutant was produced in increased amount and its lev ... | 1998 | 10397353 |
| a hierarchical analysis of population genetic structure in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii. | little is known about the population processes that shape the genetic diversity in natural populations of rhizobia. a sample of 912 rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii isolates were collected from naturalized red clover populations (trifolium pratense) and analysed for 15 allozyme loci to determine the levels and distribution of genetic diversity. hierarchical analyses compared different sampling levels, geographical separation, and temporal separation. total genetic diversity across all iso ... | 1996 | 8673267 |
| a central domain of rhizobium node protein mediates host specificity by determining the hydrophobicity of fatty acyl moieties of nodulation factors. | previously, we have shown that the node gene is a major determinant of the difference in host range between rhizobium leguminosarum biovars viciae and trifolii. a new genetic test system for stringent functional analysis of node genes was constructed. by testing chimeric node genes constructed by the exchange of polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-generated restriction cassettes, we show that a central domain, containing only 44 non-conserved amino acid residues, determines the host specificity of t ... | 1995 | 8577248 |
| mechanisms of microbially enhanced fe acquisition in red clover (trifolium pratense l.). | soil microorganisms may play an important role in plant fe uptake from soils with low fe bioavailability, but there is little direct experimental evidence to date. we grew red clover, an fe-efficient leguminous plant, in a calcareous soil to investigate the role of soil microbial activity in plant fe uptake. compared with plants grown in non-sterlie (ns) grown plants, growth and fe content of the sterile(s) grown plants was significantly inhibited, but was improved by foliar application of fe ed ... | 2006 | 17087472 |
| effects of phytoestrogenic isoflavones from red clover (trifolium pratense l.) on experimental osteoporosis. | the most common type of osteoporosis is bone loss associated with ovarian hormone deficiency at menopause. there is evidence that diets which contain high levels of phytoestrogenic isoflavones are associated with a low incidence of osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms. plant extracts, which contain high levels of isoflavones, such as red clover (trifolium pratense l.), have been used to reduce menopausal symptoms. the objective of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of red clover t ... | 2007 | 17117453 |
| genetic variation in the effect of a facultative symbiont on host-plant use by pea aphids. | ecological specialisation on different host plants occurs frequently among phytophagous insects and is normally assumed to have a genetic basis. however, insects often carry microbial symbionts, which may play a role in the evolution of specialisation. the bacterium regiella insecticola is a facultative symbiont of pea aphids (acyrthosiphon pisum) where it is found most frequently in aphid clones feeding on trifolium giving rise to the hypothesis that it may improve aphid performance on this pla ... | 2007 | 17415589 |
| effect of drive row ground covers on hop (rosales: cannabaceae) yard arthropod pests in vermont, usa. | alternatives to pesticides are necessary for the management of hop (humulus lupulus l.) arthropod pests. the three major arthropod pests in northeastern us hop production include two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch, hop aphid phorodon humuli (schrank), and potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae harris. this 3-yr study (2012-2014) in vermont investigated the effect of flowering ground covers on arthropod pest abundance. hop cultivars 'nugget' and 'cascade' were evaluated under a strip-sp ... | 2017 | 28334066 |
| [a study of the competitive properties of the aluminum-tolerant strain rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii 9-4a by the antibiotic resistance method]. | the virulence, competitive ability, and symbiotic efficiency of 2 rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains--the wild aluminum tolerant strain 9-4a and the commercial strain 348a-were compared when introducing their variants marked with antibiotic resistance into the rhizosphere of red clover (trifolium pratense l.) plants. high virulence and competitive ability of the strain tolerant to aluminum was demonstrated by a concurrent inoculation of the seeds with these two strains. the resistance ... | 2007 | 17476807 |
| enemy-free space promotes maintenance of host races in an aphid species. | the enormous biodiversity of herbivorous insects may arise from ecological speciation via continuous host-plant switches. whether such switches are successful depends on the trade-off between different selection pressures that act on herbivores. decreased herbivore performance due to suboptimal nutrition might be compensated for by a reduced natural enemy pressure. as a consequence, an "enemy-free space" on a certain plant might facilitate host-plant switches and maintain biotypes. to test this ... | 2016 | 26520659 |
| jumping-ship can have its costs: implications of predation and host plant species for the maintenance of pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum harris) colour polymorphism. | the interplay between the host plant of an insect herbivore and an insect predator (here two-spot ladybird beetles; adalia bipunctata (l).; coleoptera: coccinellidae), feeding upon such a herbivore was examined in the laboratory as factors possibly determining the differential abundance and success of green and red host races of pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum harris. the experiment comprised three treatments: two host plants (bean and clover), two treatment levels (control and predation) and thr ... | 2013 | 23601915 |
| population differentiation and genetic variation in performance on eight hosts in the pea aphid complex. | phytophagous insects frequently use multiple host-plant species leading to the evolution of specialized host-adapted populations and sometimes eventually to speciation. some insects are confronted with a large number of host-plant species, which may provide complex routes of gene flow between host-adapted populations. the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) attacks a broad range of plants in the fabaceae and it is known that populations on trifolium pratense and medicago sativa can be highly special ... | 2008 | 18647340 |
| application of dl-beta-aminobutyric acid (baba) as a root drench to legumes inhibits the growth and reproduction of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum (hemiptera: aphididae). | dl-beta-aminobutyric acid (baba) is a non-protein amino acid that is an effective inducer of resistance against a variety of plant pathogens. however, examples of baba-induced resistance against insect herbivores have not been reported. we applied baba as a soil drench to legumes and monitored its effects on the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum (harris). on tic bean (vicia faba var. minor), baba increased aphid mortality, caused a reduction in the mean relative growth rate of individual insects and ... | 2005 | 16197565 |
| adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews. | this overview of systematic reviews (srs) aims to evaluate critically the evidence regarding the adverse effects of herbal medicines (hms). five electronic databases were searched to identify all relevant srs, with 50 srs of 50 different hms meeting our inclusion criteria. most had only minor weaknesses in methods. serious adverse effects were noted only for four hms: herbae pulvis standardisatus, larrea tridentate, piper methysticum and cassia senna. the most severe adverse effects were liver o ... | 2013 | 23472485 |
| effects of chronic genistein treatment in mammary gland, uterus, and vagina. | the isoflavone genistein (gen) is found in soy (glycine max) and red clover (trifolium pratense). the estrogenic activity of gen is known, and it is widely advertised as a phytoestrogen useful in alleviating climacteric complaints and other postmenopausal disorders. knowledge of effects of long-term administration of gen in laboratory animals is scarce, and effects in the uterus and mammary gland after long-term administration have not been studied. the uterus and mammary gland are known to be n ... | 2007 | 18174952 |
| the effects of tannery wastewater on the development of different plant species and chromium accumulation in phragmites australis. | toxicity tests were performed to assess the effect of tannery wastewater with different treatment levels on two wetland plants, phragmites australis and typha latifolia, which are frequently used in constructed wetlands (cws) for water treatment, and thus deepen the knowledge on their capacity to withstand the application of industrial wastewater. trifolium pratense, a plant generally used as an indicator in toxicity tests, was included as a control. end points measured were germination percenta ... | 2008 | 18214580 |
| protective effect of isoflavones from trifolium pratense on dopaminergic neurons. | in the present study, protective effect of five isoflavones (formononetin, daidzein, pratensein, calycosin and irilone) from trifolium pratense on lipopolysaccharide-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration was studied for the first time. the results showed that all five isoflavones attenuated lps-induced decrease in dopamine uptake and the number of dopaminergic neurons in a dose-dependent manner in rat mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures. moreover, they also significantly inhibited lps-induced ac ... | 2008 | 18675857 |
| phytotoxic potential of secondary metabolites and semisynthetic compounds from endophytic fungus xylaria feejeensis strain sm3e-1b isolated from sapium macrocarpum. | bioactivity-directed fractionation of the combined culture medium and mycelium extract of the endophytic fungus xylaria feejeensis strain sm3e-1b, isolated from sapium macrocarpum, led to the isolation of three known natural products: (4s,5s,6s)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-5,6-epoxycyclohex-2-enone or coriloxine, 1; 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione, 2; and 2,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione or fumiquinone b, 3. this is the first report of comp ... | 2016 | 27159617 |
| phytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from the endophyte hypoxylon anthochroum strain blaci isolated from bursera lancifolia (burseraceae). | to evaluate the phytotoxic, antifungal and antioomycete activity; and, determine the chemical composition of the volatile organic compounds (vocs) and semi-volatile metabolites produced by the endophyte hypoxylon anthochroum strain blaci isolated from bursera lancifolia. | 2016 | 27159426 |
| effects of trifolium pratense and cimicifuga racemosa on the endometrium of wistar rats. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of trifolium pratense and cimicifuga racemosa upon the endometrium of castrated female wistar rats, comparing these results with a placebo and estradiol valerate. | 2008 | 19095386 |
| assessment of dietary ratios of red clover and grass silages on milk production and milk quality in dairy cows. | twenty-four multiparous holstein-friesian dairy cows were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square changeover design experiment to test the effects of changing from ryegrass (lolium perenne) silage to red clover (trifolium pratense) silage in graded proportions on feed intakes, milk production, milk organoleptic qualities, and whole-body nitrogen partitioning. four dietary treatments, comprising ad libitum access to 1 of 4 forage mixtures plus a standard allowance of 4 kg/d dairy concentrates, we ... | 2009 | 19233807 |
| a simple model for pollen-parent fecundity distributions in bee-pollinated forage legume polycrosses. | a simple weibull distribution based empirical model that predicts pollen-parent fecundity distributions based on polycross size alone has been developed in outbred forage legume species for incorporation into quantitative genetic theory. random mating or panmixis is a fundamental assumption in quantitative genetic theory. random mating is sometimes thought to occur in actual fact, although a large body of empirical work shows that this is often not the case in nature. models have been developed ... | 2015 | 26105686 |
| heterodera glycines infectivity and egg viability following nonhost crops and during overwintering. | the most effective management program for soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines, is a crop rotation that uses nonhost crops and resistant soybean cultivars. however, little is known about the effects of rotation crops and overwintering on h. glycines biology. these experiments were initiated to determine the effects of seven alternative crops on h. glycines' ability to infect and mature on subsequent soybean crops, and to assess the viability of eggs during the overwintering months. rotatio ... | 2005 | 19262870 |
| phytotoxic allelochemicals from roots and root exudates of trifolium pratense. | trifolium pratense, a widespread legume forage plant, is reported to exhibit phytotoxic activity on other plants, but the active metabolites have not been clarified so far. a bioassay-guided fractionation of the root extracts led to the isolation of five isoflavonoids, which were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. all of the purified compounds observably showed phytotoxic activities against arabidopsis thaliana . moreover, the inhibitory effects were concentration-dependent. the furan ring li ... | 2013 | 23738849 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce growth and infect roots of the non-host plant arabidopsis thaliana. | the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis is widespread throughout the plant kingdom and important for plant nutrition and ecosystem functioning. nonetheless, most terrestrial ecosystems also contain a considerable number of non-mycorrhizal plants. the interaction of such non-host plants with am fungi (amf) is still poorly understood. here, in three complementary experiments, we investigated whether the non-mycorrhizal plant arabidopsis thaliana, the model organism for plant molecular biology an ... | 2013 | 23527688 |
| sub-lethal levels of electric current elicit the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites. | many secondary metabolites that are normally undetectable or in low amounts in healthy plant tissue are synthesized in high amounts in response to microbial infection. various abiotic and biotic agents have been shown to mimic microorganisms and act as elicitors of the synthesis of these plant compounds. in the present study, sub-lethal levels of electric current are shown to elicit the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in transgenic and non-transgenic plant tissue. the production of the phy ... | 2015 | 18331050 |
| antimicrobial effect of red clover (trifolium pratense) phenolic extract on the ruminal hyper ammonia-producing bacterium, clostridium sticklandii. | ruminal proteolysis and subsequent amino acid degradation represent considerable economic loss in ruminant production. the hyper ammonia-producing bacteria (hab) are largely responsible for amino acid deamination in the rumen. hab can be controlled with ionophores, but they are also susceptible to antimicrobial plant secondary metabolites. red clover (trifolium pratense) is rich in soluble phenolics, and it is also more resistant to proteolysis than other legumes. the goal of this study was to i ... | 2010 | 20087740 |
| kazusa marker database: a database for genomics, genetics, and molecular breeding in plants. | in order to provide useful genomic information for agronomical plants, we have established a database, the kazusa marker database (http://marker.kazusa.or.jp). this database includes information on dna markers, e.g., ssr and snp markers, genetic linkage maps, and physical maps, that were developed at the kazusa dna research institute. keyword searches for the markers, sequence data used for marker development, and experimental conditions are also available through this database. currently, 10 pl ... | 2014 | 25320561 |
| n abundance of nodules as an indicator of n metabolism in n(2)-fixing plants. | this paper expands upon previous reports of (15)n elevation in nodules (compared to other tissues) of n(2)-fixing plants. n(2)-fixing nodules of glycine max (soybeans), vigna unguiculata (cowpea), phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), phaseolus coccineus (scarlet runner bean), prosopis glandulosa (mesquite), and olneya tesota (desert ironwood) were enriched in (15)n. nodules of vicia faba (fava beans), arachis hypogaea (peanut), trifolium pratense (red clover), pisum sativum (pea), lathyrus sativus ... | 1982 | 16662517 |
| red clover trifolium pratense (linn.) isoflavones extract on the pain threshold of normal and ovariectomized rats--a long-term study. | depletion of estrogens occurs in women during menopause, while in experimental animals, oophorectomy is a common method to deplete the animals of their gonadal hormones. recently, phytoestrogens derived from plants have been tried as estrogen substitutes during menopause. in the present study an isoflavones methanol extract from red clover trifolium pratense (linn.) was administered orally (500 mg/kg of body weight) to ovariectomized (ovx) and normal (controls) rats for 90 and 180 days. their pa ... | 2011 | 20623592 |
| ambispora granatensis, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, associated with asparagus officinalis in andalucia (spain). | a new dimorphic fungal species in the arbuscular mycorrhiza-forming glomeromycota, ambispora granatensis, was isolated from an agricultural site in the province of granada (andalucía, spain) growing in the rhizosphere of asparagus officinalis. it was propagated in pot cultures with trifolium pratense and sorghum vulgare. the fungus also colonized ri t-dna transformed daucus carota roots but did not form spores in these root organ cultures. the spores of the acaulosporoid morph are 90-150 μm diam ... | 2011 | 20952800 |
| in vitro and in vivo melanogenesis inhibition by biochanin a from trifolium pratense. | our previous study showed that a methanol extract from trifolium pratense exerted potent inhibitory activity on melanogenesis in mouse b16 melanoma cells. in the present study, the active compound in this chinese herb extract was isolated and identified as biochanin a by mass spectrum, (1)h-nmr, and (13)c-nmr analysis. the inhibitory effects of biochanin a on melanogenesis were investigated in vitro in cultured melanoma cells and in vivo in zebrafish and mice. biochanin a dose-dependently inhibi ... | 2011 | 21597196 |
| grazing management and supplementation effects on forage and dairy cow performance on cool-season pastures in the southeastern united states. | cool-season annual forages provide high-quality herbage for up to 5 mo in the us gulf coast states, but their management in pasture-based dairy systems has received little attention. objectives of this study were to evaluate pasture and animal responses when lactating holstein cows (n=32, mean dim=184±21) grazed either n-fertilized rye (secale cereale l.)-annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) mixed pastures or rye-annual ryegrass-crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum l.)-red clover (trifolium ... | 2011 | 21787931 |
| neuroprotective effects of formononetin against nmda-induced apoptosis in cortical neurons. | formononetin (fmnt) is an isoflavone found in many herbs including trifolium pratense l., spatholobus suberectus dunn., and astragalus mongholicus bunge. the purpose of this study is to investigate pharmacological properties of fmnt on neurotoxicity induced by n-methyl-d-asparate (nmda) in primary-cultured cortical neurons. the cell viability was significantly decreased after exposure to nmda (200 μm) for 40 min. pretreatment of fmnt (10 μm) for 12 h significantly attenuated the cell loss induce ... | 2013 | 23362211 |
| residual soil nitrate content and profitability of five cropping systems in northwest iowa. | many communities in the midwestern united states obtain their drinking water from shallow alluvial wells that are vulnerable to contamination by no3-n from the surrounding agricultural landscape. the objective of this research was to assess cropping systems with the potential to produce a reasonable return for farmers while simultaneously reducing the risk of no3-n movement into these shallow aquifers. from 2009 to 2013 we conducted a field experiment in northwest iowa in which we evaluated five ... | 2017 | 28248976 |
| transformation of fulvic substances in the rhizosphere during phytoremediation of used motor oil. | changes in the chemical composition of fulvic acids in used oil-contaminated soils treated with different plant species and fertilization (fertilized, f; and nonfertilized, nf) were analyzed by fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (ftir). soil contaminated with 1.5% (w/w) used motor oil was seeded with sunflower (helianthus annuus)/indian mustard (brassica juncea); soybean (glycine max)/green bean (phaseolus vulgaris); mixed grasses/maize (zea mays); mixed clover (red clover, trifolium prat ... | 2004 | 15478929 |
| within-population genetic diversity of taraxacum officinale (asteraceae): differential genotype response and effect on interspecific competition. | clonal offspring of five morphologically distinct individuals of taraxacum officinale were planted in a greenhouse experiment with each of three competitors, plantago major, poa pratensis and trifolium pratense. the competitors were chosen to represent a series of competitive environments experienced by a natural population of t. officinale through the year. differences in size, morphology, and response to the competitive environments were found among clones and support classification of the fiv ... | 1998 | 21684978 |
| agricultural reuse of the digestate from low-cost tubular digesters in rural andean communities. | this research aimed at assessing the properties of guinea pig manure digestate from low-cost tubular digesters for crops fertilization in rural andean communities. to this end, field trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of the digestate on two common andean crops: potato (solanum tuberosum) and forage (lolium multiflorum and trifolium pratense l.). the potato yield (20-25 tha(-1)) increased by 27.5% with digestate, by 15.1% with pre-compost and by 10.3% with the mixture, compared to th ... | 2011 | 21903373 |
| application of a green manure and green manure composted with beet vinasse on soil restoration: effects on soil properties. | beet vinasse (bv), a green manure constituted by trifolium pratense l. uncomposted (tp) and composted with beet vinasse (at 1:1 rate, (tp+bv)1, and 2:1 rate, (tp+bv)2) at 10t organic matter ha(-1) rate were applied during a period of four years for purpose of restoration of a xelloric calciorthid located near seville (guadalquivir valley, andalusia, spain). the effect on the plant cover, soil physical (structural stability and bulk density), chemical (exchangeable sodium percentage), and biologi ... | 2008 | 17959380 |
| soil persistence of 4-hppd-inhibitors in different soil types. | in field experiments carried out during the 1997-2001 period on four different soil types (sand, sandy loam, heavy sandy loam and clay) in flanders (belgium), the persistence of the three 4-hppd inhibiting maize herbicides mesotrione (100 and 150 g ha-1), sulcotrione (300 and 450 g ha-1) and isoxaflutole (75 and 125 g ha-1) was studied. therefore, soil samples were taken at regular intervals from application in spring and frozen. when all samples had been taken, greenhouse bioassays were set up ... | 2002 | 12696405 |
| polyphenol oxidase affects normal nodule development in red clover (trifolium pratense l.). | polyphenol oxidase (ppo) may have multiple functions in tissues depending on its cellular or tissue localization. here we use ppo rnai transformants of red clover (trifolium pratense) to determine the role ppo plays in normal development of plants, and especially in n2-fixing nodules. in red clover, ppo was not essential for either growth or nodule production, or for nodule function in plants grown under optimal, n-free conditions. however, absence of ppo resulted in a more reduced environment i ... | 2014 | 25566275 |
| impact of land use intensity on the species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems of central europe. | the impact of land use intensity on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) was investigated at eight sites in the "three-country corner" of france, germany, and switzerland. three sites were low-input, species-rich grasslands. two sites represented low- to moderate-input farming with a 7-year crop rotation, and three sites represented high-input continuous maize monocropping. representative soil samples were taken, and the amf spores present were morphologically identified and count ... | 2003 | 12732553 |
| floral constancy in bumble bees: handling efficiency or perceptual conditioning? | individual bees often prefer flowers of the same species that they are already foraging on, and other individual bees prefer other flowers. this "floral constancy" has classically been explained as a learned behavior by which bees avoid wasting time switching between handling techniques. choice trails were given to bombus vagans workers that were freely foraging in mixed and pure fields of trifolium pratense, t. repens, viccia cracca, and prunella vulgaris. contrary to expectation, (1) bees show ... | 1996 | 28307449 |
| biosynthesis and antibacterial activity of zno nanoparticles using trifolium pratense flower extract. | zinc oxide (zno) has broad applications in various areas. nanoparticle synthesis using plants is an alternative to conventional physical and chemical methods. it is known that the biological synthesis of nanoparticles is gaining importance due to its simplicity, eco-friendliness and extensive antimicrobial activity. also, in this study we report the synthesis of zno nanoparticles using trifolium pratense flower extract. the prepared zno nanoparticles have been characterized by uv-vis absorption ... | 2015 | 27298586 |
| soluble phenolic compounds in different cultivars of red clover and alfalfa, and their implication for protection against proteolysis and ammonia production in ruminants. | red clover (trifolium pratense) contains soluble phenolic compounds with roles in inhibiting proteolysis and ammonia production. alfalfa (medicago sativa) has been found to have a low phenolic content, but few alfalfa and red clover cultivars have been compared for phenolic content. total soluble phenolics were quantified by a folin-ciocalteu colorimetric assay in nine red clover and 27 alfalfa cultivars. mean total phenolic contents of red clover and alfalfa were 36.5 ± 4.3 mg/gdw and 15.8 ± 1. ... | 2015 | 26411026 |
| the acceptability of meadow plants to the slug deroceras reticulatum and implications for grassland restoration. | despite the selective pressure slugs may exert on seedling recruitment there is a lack of information in this context within grassland restoration studies. selective grazing is influenced by interspecific differences in acceptability. as part of a larger study of how slug-seedling interactions may influence upland hay meadow restoration, an assessment of relative acceptability is made for seedlings of meadow plants to the slug, deroceras reticulatum. | 2013 | 23632124 |
| host use of a hemiparasitic plant: no trade-offs in performance on different hosts. | to examine putative specialization of a hemiparasitic plant to the most beneficial host species, we studied genetic variation in performance and trade-offs between performance on different host species in the generalist hemiparasite, rhinanthus serotinus. we grew 25 maternal half-sib families of the parasite on agrostis capillaris and trifolium pratense and without a host in a greenhouse. biomass and number of flowers of the parasite were the highest when grown on t. pratense. there were signifi ... | 2006 | 16599927 |
| impact of different green manures on the content of s-alk(en)yl-l-cysteine sulfoxides and l-ascorbic acid in leek (allium porrum). | this field study investigated the impact of various fertilization strategies with red clover ( trifolium pratense l.) green manure on the levels of s-alk(en)yl- l-cysteine sulfoxides (acso) and l-ascorbic acid in leek. two of the 12 treatments were controls, one without fertilizers and the other with a commercial mineral fertilizer. the remaining 10 treatments were different forms and quantities of green manure prepared from red clover. one treatment consisted of direct incorporation into soil o ... | 2008 | 18298070 |
| pikuni-blackfeet traditional medicine: neuroprotective activities of medicinal plants used to treat parkinson's disease-related symptoms. | parkinson's disease (pd) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder affecting 5% of the population over the age of 85 years. current treatments primarily involve dopamine replacement therapy, which leads to temporary relief of motor symptoms but fails to slow the underlying neurodegeneration. thus, there is a need for safe pd therapies with neuroprotective activity. in this study, we analyzed contemporary herbal medicinal practices used by members of the pikuni-blackfeet tribe from western m ... | 2017 | 28088492 |
| comparison of buckwheat, red clover, and purple tansy as potential surrogate plants for use in semi-field pesticide risk assessments with bombus impatiens. | background. bumble bees (bombus spp.) are important wild and managed pollinators. there is increased interest in incorporating data on bumble bees into risk assessments for pesticides, but standardized methods for assessing hazards of pesticides in semi-field and field settings have not yet been established for bumble bees. during semi-field studies, colonies are caged with pesticide-treated flowering surrogate plants, which must be attractive to foragers to ensure colony exposure to the test co ... | 2016 | 27478712 |
| fatty acid profiles of monofloral clover beebread and pollen and proteomics of red clover (trifolium pratense) pollen. | fatty acids were identified in monofloral beebread (bb) and bee pollen (bp) loads collected from trifolium pratense l. a gas chromatography method was used to identify and quantify fatty acids: thirty-five fatty acids were identified in bb and 42 in bp. a high amount of the healthy n-3 fatty acids was found. the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 to n-6 reached a value of 8.42 and 3.35 in the latter products. the proteomic analysis also was performed on the manually collected t. pratense p ... | 2016 | 27380113 |
| investigation of the use of honey bees and honey bee products to assess heavy metals contamination. | experiment was carried out using 12 colonies of honey bees bred in hives located near an extraurban crossroad. we analyzed the pb, cd and zn deposited on the bee's surfaces and the heavy metal accumulation in the foragers, dead bees, honey products and some environmental markers during nine weeks of the experiment. results showed a large amount of zn and cd on the bee's surface as a consequence of atmospheric fallout, whereas pb seems to be either water-extractable and/or likely accumulated in t ... | 1996 | 24193729 |
| comprehensive structural analysis of the genome of red clover (trifolium pratense l.). | with the aim of establishing the basic knowledge and resources needed for applied genetics, we investigated the genome structure of red clover trifolium pratense l. by a combination of cytological, genomic and genetic approaches. the deduced genome size was approximately 440 mb, as estimated by measuring the nuclear dna content by flow cytometry. seven chromosomes could be distinguished by microscopic observation of dapi stained prometaphase chromosomes and fluorescence in situ hybridization usi ... | 2005 | 16769692 |
| predicting molybdenum toxicity to higher plants: estimation of toxicity threshold values. | four plant species (oilseed rape, brassica napus l.; red clover, trifolium pratense l.; ryegrass, lolium perenne l.; and tomato, lycopersicon esculentum l.) were tested on ten soils varying widely in soil properties to assess molybdenum (mo) toxicity. a larger range (66-fold-609-fold) of added mo concentrations resulting in 50% inhibition of yield (ed50) was found among soils than among plant species (2-fold-38-fold), which illustrated that the soils differed widely in the expression of mo toxic ... | 2010 | 20656390 |
| effects of different green manures on soil biological properties and maize yield. | the utilization of green manures as alternatives to reduce the use of mineral fertilizers is considered a good agricultural practice. however, the effect of each green manure on soil properties and crop yield depends upon its chemical composition. the main objective of this work was to study the effect of incorporating three green manures originating from residues of trifolium pratense, l. (tp), brassica napus, l. (bn), and the mixture of tp+bn at rates of 5384 and 8973 kg c ha(-1), on soil biol ... | 2008 | 17512725 |
| the impact of using alternative forages on the nutrient value within slurry and its implications for forage productivity in agricultural systems. | alternative forages can be used to provide valuable home-grown feed for ruminant livestock. utilising these different forages could affect the manure value and the implications of incorporating these forages into farming systems, needs to be better understood. an experiment tested the hypothesis that applying slurries from ruminants, fed ensiled red clover (trifolium pratense), lucerne (medicago sativa) or kale (brassica oleracea) would improve the yield of hybrid ryegrass (lolium hybridicum), c ... | 2014 | 24830777 |
| allelopathic properties of α-terthienyl and phenylheptatriyne, naturally occurring compounds from species of asteraceae. | alpha-terthienyl (α-t), a naturally occurring polyacetylene derivative from roots oftagetes erecta l., and phenylheptatriyne (pht), from leaves ofbidens pilosa l., were tested as possible allelopathic agents against four seedling species (asclepias syriaca l.,chenopodium album l.,phleum pratense l.,trifolium pratense l.).asclepias was the most sensitive of the species. allelopathic activity was enhanced in the presence of sunlight or sources of near-uv, with lc50s fora. syriaca of 0.15 ppm and 0 ... | 1982 | 24415251 |
| ethylenediaminedissuccinate as a new chelate for environmentally safe enhanced lead phytoextraction. | using a soil column experiment, we compared the effect of a single dose and weekly additions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) and ethylenediaminedissuccinate (edds) on the uptake of pb, zn, and cd by chinese cabbage [brassica rapa l. subsp. pekinensis (lour.) hanelt], and on the leaching of heavy metals through the soil profile. the analysis of plant material revealed that both chelates increased the concentrations of pb and, to a lesser extent, also of zn and cd in the leaves of the te ... | 2013 | 12708673 |
| formononetin inhibits migration and invasion of mda-mb-231 and 4t1 breast cancer cells by suppressing mmp-2 and mmp-9 through pi3k/akt signaling pathways. | formononetin is a naturally existing isoflavone, which can be found in the roots of astragalus membranaceus, trifolium pratense, glycyrrhiza glabra, and pueraria lobata. it was found to be associated with inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, as well as induction of apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. however, the effect of formononetin on breast cancer cell metastasis remains unclear. in this study, we examined the effect of formononetin on the migration and invasion ... | 2014 | 24977660 |
| botanicals and their bioactive phytochemicals for women's health. | botanical dietary supplements are increasingly popular for women's health, particularly for older women. the specific botanicals women take vary as a function of age. younger women will use botanicals for urinary tract infections, especially vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry), where there is evidence for efficacy. botanical dietary supplements for premenstrual syndrome (pms) are less commonly used, and rigorous clinical trials have not been done. some examples include vitex agnus-castus (chastebe ... | 2016 | 27677719 |
| effect of formononetin on mechanical properties and chemical composition of bones in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. | formononetin is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which can be found in low concentrations in many dietary products, but the greatest sources of this substance are astragalus membranaceus, trifolium pratense, glycyrrhiza glabra, and pueraria lobata, which all belong to fabaceae family. due to its structural similarity to 17 β -estradiol, it can mimic estradiol's effect and therefore is considered as a "phytoestrogen." the aim of this study was to examine the effect of formononetin on mechanical ... | 2013 | 23762138 |
| meat goat kids finished on alfalfa, red clover or orchardgrass pastures: carcass merit and meat quality. | this experiment was conducted in 2005-2007 to evaluate carcass and chevon (goat meat) quality parameters when meat-goat kids (n=72) were finished on alfalfa (medicago sativa l; alf); red clover (trifolium pratense l.; rcg); or orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.; ogr) pastures. carcass conformation score was greater (p=0.08) when meat-goat kids were finished on alf compared to ogr with rcg intermediate. chevon meat samples from goats finished on the three pasture treatments did not differ in ash ... | 2014 | 25089787 |
| effect of sludge-processing mode, soil texture and soil ph on metal mobility in undisturbed soil columns under accelerated loading. | the effect of sludge processing (digested dewatered, pelletized, alkaline-stabilized, composted, and incinerated), soil type and initial soil ph on trace metal mobility was examined using undisturbed soil columns. soils tested were hudson silt loam (glossaquic hapludalf) and arkport fine sandy loam (lamellic hapludalf), at initial ph levels of 5 and 7. sludges were applied during four accelerated cropping cycles (215 tons/ha cumulative application for dewatered sludge; equivalent rates for other ... | 2000 | 15092904 |
| in vitro selection for 2,4-d tolerance in red clover. | in vitro, selection is a viable method of selecting herbicide-tolerant crops. this research was to evaluate in vitro selection techniques for enhancing 2,4-d [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] tolerance in red clover (trifolium pratense l.). in vivo and in vitro responses to 2,4-d of eight diverse red clover populations were correlated (r=0.77), justifying in vitro selection for 2,4-d tolerance. suspension cultures of a red clover genotype capable of regeneration were plated onto agar-based nut ... | 1989 | 24227154 |
| interactions between the bumblebee bombus pascuorum and red clover (trifolium pratense) are mediated by plant genetic background. | wildflower mixes are often planted around field margins to provide forage for pollinators. although seed for these mixtures is often wild-sourced, for species where agricultural cultivars are available, for example red clover (trifolium pratense), cultivars can also be included. previous evidence suggests that plant genetic background can have a strong influence on plant-arthropod interactions and therefore the provenance and genetic background of the plants included in wildflower mixes could im ... | 2016 | 27552193 |
| effect of mixed hay supplementation during fattening on carcass traits and meat quality of hanwoo steers. | this study was aim to observe the effects of feeding mixed local hay (mh) consisted of 55% orchard grass (dactylis glomerata l.), 35% tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) and 10% red clover (trifolium pratense) to hanwoo steers on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality (longissimus thoracis) compared with feeding imported timothy hay (th) and local rice straw (rs). | 2017 | 28293430 |
| the effect of high polyphenol oxidase grass silage on metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and nitrogen across the rumen of beef steers. | polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity in red clover (trifolium pratense) has been reported to reduce both proteolysis and lipolysis, resulting in greater n use efficiency and protection of pufa across the rumen. although high levels of ppo have been reported in grasses such as cocksfoot (orchard grass; dactylis glomerata), no in vivo research has determined whether grass ppo elicits the same response as red clover ppo. to test the hypothesis that silage ensiled from grass with high levels of ppo pro ... | 2014 | 25349355 |
| plants suppress their emission of volatiles when growing with conspecifics. | plant volatiles mediate interactions with herbivores, herbivore enemies, and abiotic stresses, but these interactions mostly have been studied with individual isolated plants. it is not yet known how intra- and interspecific plant competition influence volatile emission. in a greenhouse experiment, we investigated the volatile emission by red clover (trifolium pratense) growing alone, with a conspecific, or with an individual of the naturally co-occurring orchard grass, dactylis glomerata. the i ... | 2013 | 23525954 |
| biodiversity effects on yield and unsown species invasion in a temperate forage ecosystem. | current agricultural practices are based on growing monocultures or binary mixtures over large areas, with a resultant impoverishing effect on biodiversity at several trophic levels. the effects of increasing the biodiversity of a sward mixture on dry matter yield and unsown species invasion were studied. | 2009 | 19168861 |
| oxygen deficiency affects carbohydrate reserves in overwintering forage crops. | anaerobic conditions developing under an ice cover affect winter survival and spring regrowth of economically important perennial crops. the objective was to compare, during a prolonged period of low (<2%) o2 at low temperature, the concentration of carbohydrates of four plant species contrasting in their resistance to oxygen deficiency. four perennial forage species, lucerne (medicago sativa l.), red clover (trifolium pratense l.), timothy (phleum pratense l.), and cocksfoot (dactylis glomerata ... | 2003 | 12754268 |
| specific developmental pathways underlie host specificity in the parasitic plant orobanche. | parasitic angiosperms are an ecologically and economically important group of plants. however our understanding of the basis for host specificity in these plants is embryonic. recently we investigated host specificity in the parasitic angiosperm orobanche minor, and demonstrated that this host generalist parasite comprises genetically defined races that are physiologically adapted to specific hosts. populations occurring naturally on red clover (trifolium pratense) and sea carrot (daucus carota ... | 2010 | 20081361 |
| host-driven divergence in the parasitic plant orobanche minor sm. (orobanchaceae). | many parasitic angiosperms have a broad host range and are therefore considered to be host generalists. orobanche minor is a nonphotosynthetic root parasite that attacks a range of hosts from taxonomically disparate families. in the present study, we show that o. minor sensu lato may comprise distinct, genetically divergent races isolated by the different ecologies of their hosts. using a three-pronged approach, we tested the hypothesis that intraspecific taxa o. minor var. minor and o. minor ss ... | 2008 | 19378406 |
| host-specific races in the holoparasitic angiosperm orobanche minor: implications for speciation in parasitic plants. | orobanche minor is a root-holoparasitic angiosperm that attacks a wide range of host species, including a number of commonly cultivated crops. the extent to which genetic divergence among natural populations of o. minor is influenced by host specificity has not been determined previously. here, the host specificity of natural populations of o. minor is quantified for the first time, and evidence that this species may comprise distinct physiological races is provided. | 2009 | 19251714 |
| parasites and flower choice of bumblebees. | in a field experiment, we tested whether workers of bumblebees, bombus pascuorum and b. humilis, parasitized by larvae of conopid flies, physocephala rufipes and sicus ferrugineus, differ in their flower choice from unparasitized ones. we collected workers at random in the field and immediately tested them in experimental arenas that offered the choice of a reference plant (red clover, trifolium pratense) versus a test plant (from five species). the choices of 396 workers were analysed with logi ... | 1998 | 9632470 |
| volatile constituents of trifolium pratense spp. nivale quantified at different growth stages, and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. | the composition of the volatile fraction of trifolium pratense l. ssp. nivale (sieber) asch. et gr. from the southwestern alps was investigated. fresh aerial parts were collected in the summer at three different growth stages, namely vegetative, flowering and fruiting. the oils obtained by steam-distillation accounted for 0.006 to 0.011% of the fresh plant material and their composition was determined by gc/fid and gc/ms. several classes of compounds were found, with a predominance of alcohols i ... | 2013 | 24427957 |
| assessment of dietary ratios of red clover and corn silages on milk production and milk quality in dairy cows. | twenty-four multiparous holstein-friesian dairy cows were used in a replicated 3×3 latin square changeover design experiment to test the effects of changing from corn (zea mays) silage to red clover (trifolium pratense) silage in graded proportions on feed intakes, milk production, and whole-body n and p partitioning. three dietary treatments with ad libitum access to 1 of 3 forage mixtures plus a standard allowance of 4kg/d dairy concentrates were offered. the 3 treatment forage mixtures were, ... | 2016 | 27474976 |
| the o-specific polysaccharides from phyllobacterium trifolii petp02(t) lps contain 3-c-methyl-d-rhamnose. | the o-specific polysaccharides of phyllobacterium trifolii petp02(t), a microsymbiont of trifolium pratense, were obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide and studied by chemical analyses, mass spectrometry, and (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy, including homonuclear ((1)h,(1)h dqf-cosy, tocsy, noesy) and heteronuclear ((1)h,(13)c hsqc, hmqc, hmbc) experiments. it was revealed that α-d-rhamnose and β-3-c-methyl-d-rhamnose (evalose) were the only components of two identified o-po ... | 2015 | 25917130 |
| rapd-inferred genetic variability of some indigenous rhizobium leguminosarum isolates from red clover (trifolium pratense l.) nodules. | the application of commercial rhizobial inoculants to legume crops is proving to be an alternative to synthetic fertilizer use. the challenge for sustainable agriculture resides in the compatibility between crop, inoculants and environmental conditions. the evaluation of symbiotic efficiency and genetic diversity of indigenous rhizobial strains could lead to the development of better inoculants and increased crop production. the genetic variability of 32 wild indigenous rhizobial isolates was as ... | 2015 | 26344027 |