| pain-suppressed behaviors in the red-tailed hawk 1 (buteo jamaicensis). | our ability to provide analgesia in wild and exotic patients is hampered by a lack of species-specific information on effective drugs and protocols. one contributing factor is the difficulty of applying data from traditional laboratory tests of nociception to clinical conditions frequently involving combinations of inflammatory, mechanical, and neuropathic pain. pain-suppressed behaviors have become a valuable predictor of clinical utility in other species; in this study we extend this framework ... | 2014 | 24904190 |
| advancement flap as a novel treatment for a pododermatitis lesion in a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | pododermatitis is a pathologic condition commonly reported in captive raptors and characterized by swelling, excoriation, ulceration, cellulitis, or abscessation of the plantar aspect of the foot. its cause can be multifactorial, often involving abnormal weight bearing or poor sanitation, and medical and surgical techniques, in addition to environmental alterations, are hallmarks of treatment. in this case, a single pedicle advancement flap was used to treat chronic, nonresponsive grade v/vii po ... | 2013 | 24640931 |
| predictive model of avian electrocution risk on overhead power lines. | electrocution on overhead power structures negatively affects avian populations in diverse ecosystems worldwide, contributes to the endangerment of raptor populations in europe and africa, and is a major driver of legal action against electric utilities in north america. we investigated factors associated with avian electrocutions so poles that are likely to electrocute a bird can be identified and retrofitted prior to causing avian mortality. we used historical data from southern california to ... | 2014 | 24033371 |
| evaluation of the effects of dorsal versus lateral recumbency on the cardiopulmonary system during anesthesia with isoflurane in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | to evaluate the effects of dorsal versus lateral recumbency on the cardiopulmonary system during isoflurane anesthesia in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | 2013 | 23270358 |
| comparison of transcoelomic, contrast transcoelomic, and transesophageal echocardiography in anesthetized red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | to assess the agreement and reliability of cardiac measurements obtained with 3 echocardiographic techniques in anesthetized red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | 2012 | 23013181 |
| valvular endocarditis and septic thrombosis associated with a radial fracture in a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | a free-ranging adult female red-tailed hawk died suddenly after 3 weeks in rehabilitation for a radial fracture. cause of death was septic thrombosis from a chronic bacterial valvular endocarditis, probably associated with injury at the fracture site. the challenge of clinical diagnosis of sepsis in wild birds is emphasized. | 2012 | 22753969 |
| fluorophotometric determination of aqueous humor flow rates in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | to determine aqueous humor flow rate (ahfr) in an avian species by use of anterior segment fluorophotometry. | 2012 | 22452503 |
| comparison of three different inhalant anesthetic agents (isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane) in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | to compare isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane for inhalant anesthesia in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) in terms of the speed and characteristics of induction; cardiovascular and respiratory parameters while anesthetized; and speed and quality of recovery. | 2012 | 22103452 |
| a comparative study of the mechanics of the pectoralis muscle of the red-tailed hawk and the barred owl. | a comparison of the isometric forces and levers of the pectoralis muscle in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) and barred owls (strix varia) was done to identify differences that may correlate with their different flight styles. the pectoralis consists of two heads, the anterior m. sternobrachialis (sb) and the posterior m. thoracobrachialis (tb). these are joined at an intramuscular tendon and are supplied by separate primary nerve branches. as in other birds, the two heads have distinct fibe ... | 2012 | 22025367 |
| effect of fentanyl target-controlled infusions on isoflurane minimum anaesthetic concentration and cardiovascular function in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | to determine the impact of three different target plasma concentrations of fentanyl on the minimum anaesthetic concentration (mac) for isoflurane in the red-tailed hawk and the effects on the haemodynamic profile. | 2011 | 21672126 |
| cardiomyopathy and right-sided congestive heart failure in a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | a 15-year-old female red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) was evaluated because of dyspnea, anorexia, and coelomic distension. diagnostic imaging results confirmed severe coelomic effusion and revealed a markedly dilated right ventricle. the diagnosis was right-sided congestive heart failure. results of measurements of vitamin e, selenium, lead, zinc, and cardiac troponin levels were normal or nondiagnostic. the hawk was treated with furosemide, antifungal and antimicrobial agents, and supplement ... | 2011 | 21657185 |
| liver lead concentrations in raptors in new jersey, usa, 2008-2010. | lead exposure in new jersey raptors was assessed by analyzing liver samples from carcasses obtained from wildlife rehabilitators. samples were collected from 221 individuals representing 13 species. concentrations were within the range of normal background exposure in 12 species. one red-tailed hawk had a liver lead concentration consistent with clinical poisoning (7.4 μg/g wet weight), which represents an incidence of 1% (1/104) in that species and 0.5% (1/221) in the overall sample. a second r ... | 2011 | 21647842 |
| pharmacokinetics of oral tramadol in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | | 2011 | 21219350 |
| pharmacokinetics of terbinafine after single oral dose administration in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | to determine pharmacokinetic parameters of orally administered terbinafine hydrochloride for potential treatment of aspergillosis in raptors, 10 adult red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) were used in single dose trials by using 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg doses with a 2-week washout period between trials. after administration of 15 mg/kg terbinafine, mean (+/- sd) plasma concentration peaked in approximately 5 hours at 0.3 +/- 0.24 microg/ml, whereas a 30 mg/kg dose resulted in peak mean (+/- sd) plas ... | 2010 | 20806657 |
| population structure and plumage polymorphism: the intraspecific evolutionary relationships of a polymorphic raptor, buteo jamaicensis harlani. | phenotypic and molecular genetic data often provide conflicting patterns of intraspecific relationships confounding phylogenetic inference, particularly among birds where a variety of environmental factors may influence plumage characters. among diurnal raptors, the taxonomic relationship of buteo jamaicensis harlani to other b. jamaicensis subspecies has been long debated because of the polytypic nature of the plumage characteristics used in subspecies or species designations. | 2010 | 20650000 |
| mechanical evaluation of external skeletal fixator-intramedullary pin tie-in configurations applied to cadaveral humeri from red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | use of external skeletal fixator-intramedullary pin (esf-im) tie-in fixators is an adjustable and effective method of fracture fixation in birds. the objective of this study was to determine the contribution of each of the following parameters to the compressive and torsional rigidity of an esf-im pin tie-in applied to avian bones with an osteotomy gap: (1) varying the fixation pin position in the proximal bone segment and (2) increasing the number of fixation pins in one or both bone segments. ... | 2009 | 20235458 |
| effect of body position on respiratory system volumes in anesthetized red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) as measured via computed tomography. | to determine the effects of body position on lung and air-sac volumes in anesthetized and spontaneously breathing red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | 2009 | 19719433 |
| evaluation of indirect blood pressure monitoring in awake and anesthetized red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis): effects of cuff size, cuff placement, and monitoring equipment. | to compare doppler and oscillometric methods of indirect arterial blood pressure (ibp) with direct arterial measurements in anesthetized and awake red-tailed hawks. | 2009 | 19709051 |
| atherosclerosis and ischemic cardiomyopathy in a captive, adult red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | an adult, male, captive red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) of at least 19 years of age presented in dorsal recumbency. the hawk was nonresponsive, and despite initial supportive care, died shortly after presentation. gross postmortem revealed no abnormal findings. histologic examination demonstrated atherosclerosis and ischemic cardiomyopathy. this is the first reported case of atherosclerosis in a red-tailed hawk. | 2008 | 18939649 |
| development of a technique for quantification of reticulocytes and assessment of erythrocyte regenerative capacity in birds. | to develop a reticulocyte classification scheme, optimize an avian reticulocyte staining protocol, and compare the percentages of reticulocyte types with polychromatophil percentage in blood samples from birds. | 2008 | 18672972 |
| diagnosis and treatment of secondary anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis in a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | anticoagulant rodenticides inhibit the activation of vitamin k-ependent clotting factors, resulting in fatal hemorrhage. nontarget species are exposed to these rodenticides primarily by direct consumption of baits or secondarily by consumption of poisoned prey. the diagnosis of anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis is more challenging in birds than in mammals because of the limited availability of laboratory tests to evaluate avian coagulation. in addition, the presenting signs in birds may differ ... | 2008 | 18543601 |
| further studies on allopurinol-induced hyperuricaemia and visceral gout in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | to investigate the usefulness of allopurinol for the treatment of hyperuricemia in birds, experimental studies were performed using the physiologically occurring post-prandial hyperuricaemia in birds of prey as a model. pre-and post-prandial plasma concentrations of allopurinol, oxypurinol, xanthine, hypoxan-thine and uric acid were established by high performance liquid chromatography in red-tailed hawks (rth, buteo jamaicensis) at various time intervals after receiving allopurinol (50 mg/kg si ... | 1998 | 18484017 |
| landscape characteristics influence morphological and genetic differentiation in a widespread raptor (buteo jamaicensis). | landscape-scale population genetic structure in vagile vertebrates was commonly considered to be a contradiction in terms whereas recent studies have demonstrated behaviour and habitat associated structure in several such species. we investigate whether landscape features influence morphological and genetic differentiation in a widespread, mobile raptor. to accurately describe genetic differentiation associated with regional landscape factors, we first investigated subspecies relationships at a ... | 2008 | 18208488 |
| experimental vacuolar myelinopathy in red-tailed hawks. | avian vacuolar myelinopathy (avm) was recognized in 1994 as a cause of wild bird mortality when 29 bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus) succumbed to the disease at degray lake, arkansas (usa). the cause of avm and its source remain undetermined despite extensive diagnostic and research investigations. two years later, when avm killed 26 eagles in the same area in arkansas, it became apparent that american coots (fulica americana) had identical neurologic signs and lesions, and it was hypothesi ... | 2003 | 12910768 |
| hawk calls elicit alarm and defensive reactions in captive geoffroy's marmosets (callithrix geoffroyi). | most descriptions of callitrichid antipredator behavior have come from observations of visual encounters with predators, but there is also anecdotal evidence suggesting that callitrichids may use auditory cues associated with raptors for the early detection of potential danger. in the present study, geoffroy's marmosets consistently reacted to the tape-recorded calls of a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) with high-intensity antipredator behaviors. compared to the taped calls of a raven (corvu ... | 2014 | 12826731 |
| further studies on the use of allopurinol to reduce plasma uric acid concentrations in the red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) hyperuricaemic model. | the present paper reports the effects of allopurinol in a raptor hyperuricaemic model. the study was performed as a follow-up to previous experiments wherein allopurinol was used in doses of 100 and 50 mg/kg, and was proved to be toxic at these higher dose rates. to investigate whether 25 mg/kg (semel in die) s.i.d. allopurinol is a safe and effective dose in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) to reduce plasma uric acid concentrations, experimental studies were performed using the physiologica ... | 2002 | 12593739 |
| pansteatitis in a free-ranging red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | a free-ranging juvenile female red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) that was unable to fly was admitted to a rehabilitation center and died 1 day later. hematology and serum chemistry abnormalities included moderate regenerative anemia, elevated creatine kinase, and hyperphosphatemia. necropsy revealed a generalized steatitis, and histology showed a necrotizing and granulomatous pansteatitis with intralesional pigment compatible with ceroid. there was also moderate diffuse myodegeneration, mild m ... | 1999 | 10749450 |
| pcb poisoning in a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) near a site of terrestrial contamination in new york state. | | 2000 | 10606697 |
| intestinal intussusception in two red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | | 1994 | 7941252 |
| survival of pigeon red blood cells after transfusion into selected raptors. | survival time of 51cr-labeled pigeon rbc transfused into 5 raptors was determined. mean +/- sd estimated rbc survival time was 0.51 +/- 0.19 days. this was considerably shorter than estimated survival time of autologous rbc in a red-tailed hawk (estimated survival, 35.1 days) and in a pigeon (estimated survival, 26.8 days). estimated survival time after homologous transfusion of rbc from one pigeon to another was 7.1 days. although single heterologous blood transfusions have been recommended as ... | 1994 | 8150703 |
| diabetes mellitus in a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | an adult, free-living female red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) with clinical signs of generalized weakness, polyuria, and polydipsia, was killed and necropsied. an ante mortem serum sample taken from the bird contained 54.3 mmole/1 glucose, and large amounts of glucose were found in the urine. at necropsy, the pancreas was small, pale pink with multiple, round, approximately 0.5 mm white foci. light and electron microscopic examination of the pancreas revealed markedly vacuolated islet cells. ... | 1993 | 18671046 |
| retinal photoreceptor fine structure in the red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | the retinal photoreceptors of the red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) consist of rods, single cones and double (unequal) cones present in a ratio of about 2:1:5. in the light-adapted state, the rods are slender elongated cells with outer segments that reach to the retinal epithelial (rpe) cells. the inner segment displays an ellipsoid of mitochondria, plentiful polysomes, some rough er and golgi zones. the rod nucleus is located deep within the outer nuclear layer and the synaptic spherule displ ... | 1993 | 8238950 |
| brachial plexus injury in two red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | two red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis), found near deltaville, virginia (usa), were evaluated because of inability to use a wing. results of needle electromyographic studies of the affected wing muscles in both hawks were compatible with denervation. on euthanasia, one hawk had extensive axon and myelin loss with multifocal perivascular lymphocytic inflammation of its brachial plexus and radial nerve. demyelination and axon loss in the dorsal white matter of the spinal cord on the affected sid ... | 1993 | 8383253 |
| malignant melanomas in a penguin (eudyptes chrysolophus) and a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | | 1992 | 1514222 |
| retinal pigment epithelial fine structure in the red-tailed hawk (buto jamaicensis). | as part of a comparative morphological study, the fine structure of the retinal epithelium (rpe), choriocapillaris and bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) has been studied by electron microscopy in the red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). in this species the rpe consists of a single layer of low cuboidal cells which display numerous basal (scleral) infoldings and extensive apical (vitreal) processes which interdigitate with photoreceptor outer segments. these epithelial cells are joined lateral ... | 1992 | 1585991 |
| fine structure of the pecten oculi of the red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | the pecten oculi of the red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) has been examined by light and electron microscopy. in this species the pecten is very large and of the pleated type. it consists of 17-18 accordion folds which are joined apically by a heavily pigmented bridge of tissue which holds the pecten in a fan-like shape, widest at its base. it is situated over the optic nerve head and extends into the vitreous. within each fold are numerous capillaries, larger supply and drainage vessels and m ... | 1991 | 1796787 |
| distributions of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in the retinal layers of the red-tailed hawk and road runner. | the activities of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase were assayed in submicrogram samples from layers of red-tailed hawk and road runner retina. both enzyme activities were concentrated in and near the inner plexiform layer. within the inner plexiform layers of both species, activities of each enzyme were concentrated in two bands, one in each half of this layer. little choline acetyltransferase activity was found superficial to the middle third of the inner nuclear layer. the di ... | 1991 | 1706365 |
| caryospora uptoni and frenkelia sp.-like coccidial infections in red-tailed hawks (buteo borealis). | the feces from 16 red-tailed hawks (buteo borealis) were examined by fecal flotation for the presence of coccidial oocysts or sporocysts. oocysts of caryospora uptoni were found in five (31%), sporocysts of a frenkelia sp.-like coccidium were found in eight (50%), and mixed infections with both species of coccidia were found in three (19%) red-tailed hawks. neither oocysts nor sporocysts were found in six (38%) red-tailed hawks. sexual stages of c. uptoni were found in the duodenum and jejunum o ... | 1989 | 2503626 |
| ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in red-tailed hawks with antagonism by yohimbine. | five red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) were anesthetized at weekly intervals with intravenous ketamine hydrochloride (ket, 4.4 mg/kg) and xylazine hydrochloride (xyl, 2.2 mg/kg). twenty min after anesthesia, yohimbine hydrochloride (yoh, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.40 mg/kg) or a control was administered. all doses of yoh significantly reduced the head-up times (f = 20.84, df = 1,24, p less than 0.0001) and the standing times (f = 12.30, df = 1,24, p less than 0.0001), compared to the control grou ... | 1988 | 3373637 |
| frenkelia sp.-like infection in the small intestine of a red-tailed hawk. | developmental stages of a frenkelia sp.-like coccidium were observed in tissue sections of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of a naturally infected red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis borealis) that died and was examined at necropsy. developmental stages were located in the lamina propria of these tissues. thirty sporulated sporocysts measured 11.1 x 8.1 microns in tissue sections. four sporozoites were present in each sporulated sporocyst. the coccidial infection was not a contributing factor in ... | 1987 | 3119874 |
| breeding population fluctuations in some raptors. | we investigated differences in annual breeding population stability and its relationship to diversity in food habits for several species of raptors. chi-square tests showed no significant differences between observed and expected (based on logistic growth equation) breeding population sizes for peregrine falcons (falco peregrinus) during recovery from pesticide induced declines in 4 alaskan populations. this indicates that no major peregrine falcon population fluctuations occurred aside from the ... | 1987 | 28311134 |
| caryospora uptoni n. sp. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis borealis). | oocysts of caryospora uptoni n. sp. were described from the feces of red-tailed hawks, buteo jamaicensis borealis. sporulated oocysts were spherical or subspherical and measured 28.1 by 26.4 micron. the oocyst wall was composed of a yellowish outer layer and brownish inner layer and was about 1.5 micron thick. neither micropyle, polar granules, nor oocyst residuum were present. a single, spherical sporocyst 18.2 by 17.9 micron was present; a stieda body was absent. a spherical eccentrically loca ... | 1986 | 3806324 |
| oral capillariasis in a red-tailed hawk: treatment with fenbendazole. | | 1985 | 4077635 |
| dietary shifts of sympatric buteos during a prey decline. | diets of nesting red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) and ferruginous hawks (buteo regalis) were sampled before and after a decline in the hawks' principal prey species. diets of pairs that shared their foraging ranges with interspecifics were contrasted with those of pairs whose home ranges did not overlap with interspecifics. current theory predicts that diets should diverge during prey shortages and that overlap should be especially reduced in ranges shared with interspecifics. species compos ... | 1985 | 28310806 |
| pleuritis and peritonitis in a golden eagle. | a female golden eagle died despite intensive treatment after being struck by a vehicle. necropsy revealed poor body condition, with no fat stores. the proventriculus and ventriculus contained a pellet of fur and bone fragments, at the center of which was the leg of a red-tailed hawk. a talon on the leg had punctured the ventriculus, resulting in fatal pleuritis and peritonitis. | 1984 | 6749123 |
| oxyphil cells in a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) with nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism. | a captive, immature red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) was presented with multiple long-bone fractures, a serum calcium of 7.9 mg/dl, and a history of being fed an all-meat diet. gross and microscopic examinations of the parathyroid glands revealed marked glandular hypertrophy and the presence of interlacing cords and clusters of light chief cells and oxyphil cells in approximately equal numbers. bone sections showed severe fibrous osteodystrophy. these findings support the observation that the ... | 2013 | 6196016 |
| intraocular trauma in a red-tailed hawk. | | 1982 | 7174471 |
| tuberculosis in a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | | 1982 | 7154222 |
| variation in selected hematological parameters of captive red-tailed hawks. | diurnal and winter variations of four hematological parameters were examined in 10 red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). the mean values obtained were: 39.4% packed cell volume (pcv); 2.45 x 10(6) erythrocytes (rbc) per mm3 of blood; 5.73 mg of calcium and 1.44 mg of magnesium per 100 ml of plasma. only the pcv and rbc count showed significant diurnal variation. when the birds were sampled at a set time of day, from november through to february, no significant changes were detected in any of the ... | 1982 | 7201527 |
| repair of a fractured humerus in a red-tailed hawk. | | 1981 | 6914858 |
| effects of ketamine hydrochloride in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). ii--biochemical and hematologic. | | 1978 | 28894 |
| effects of ketamine hydrochloride in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). i--arterial blood gas and acid base. | | 1978 | 26507 |
| the area of the nucleus isthmo-opticus in the american kestrel (falco sparverius) and the red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | | 1975 | 1139294 |
| avian pox in an immature red-tailed hawk. | | 1972 | 4332517 |
| fear responses of bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) to a model and a live red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | | 1964 | 14233516 |
| hawk eyes ii: diurnal raptors differ in head movement strategies when scanning from perches. | relatively little is known about the degree of inter-specific variability in visual scanning strategies in species with laterally placed eyes (e.g., birds). this is relevant because many species detect prey while perching; therefore, head movement behavior may be an indicator of prey detection rate, a central parameter in foraging models. we studied head movement strategies in three diurnal raptors belonging to the accipitridae and falconidae families. | 2010 | 20877650 |
| hawk eyes i: diurnal raptors differ in visual fields and degree of eye movement. | different strategies to search and detect prey may place specific demands on sensory modalities. we studied visual field configuration, degree of eye movement, and orbit orientation in three diurnal raptors belonging to the accipitridae and falconidae families. | 2010 | 20877645 |
| pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in birds of prey. | the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin, including half-life, apparent volume of distribution, total body clearance, and fraction of drug absorbed from im injection sites, were determined in 3 species of birds of prey (red-tailed hawks, great horned owls, and golden eagles). significant differences (p less than 0.05) between species were found for the half-life and total body clearance values for this broad-spectrum antibiotic. the values for apparent volume of distribution and fraction absorbed did ... | 1983 | 6881663 |
| variations in native protein glycation and plasma antioxidants in several birds of prey. | birds are an anomaly among vertebrates as they are remarkably long-lived despite having naturally high blood glucose and metabolic rates. for mammals, hyperglycemia leads to oxidative stress and protein glycation. in contrast, many studies have shown that domestic and wild birds are relatively resistant to these glucose-mediated pathologies. surprisingly very little research has examined protein glycation in birds of prey, which by nature consume a diet high in protein and fat that promotes gluc ... | 2017 | 28529085 |
| spatial heterogeneity and scale-dependent habitat selection for two sympatric raptors in mixed-grass prairie. | sympatric predators are predicted to partition resources, especially under conditions of food limitation. spatial heterogeneity that influences prey availability might play an important role in the scales at which potential competitors select habitat. we assessed potential mechanisms for coexistence by examining the role of heterogeneity in resource partitioning between sympatric raptors overwintering in the southern great plains. we conducted surveys for wintering red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaice ... | 2017 | 28861257 |
| the landscape of fear as an emergent property of heterogeneity: contrasting patterns of predation risk in grassland ecosystems. | the likelihood of encountering a predator influences prey behavior and spatial distribution such that non-consumptive effects can outweigh the influence of direct predation. prey species are thought to filter information on perceived predator encounter rates in physical landscapes into a landscape of fear defined by spatially explicit heterogeneity in predation risk. the presence of multiple predators using different hunting strategies further complicates navigation through a landscape of fear a ... | 2017 | 28690807 |
| sarcocystis jamaicensis, n. sp. from red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) definitive host and ifn-γ gene knockout mice as experimental intermediate host. | here, we report a new species of sarcocystis with red-tailed hawk (rth) as the natural definitive host and ifn-γ gene knockout (ko) mice as an experimental intermediate host in which sarcocysts form in muscle. two rths submitted to the carolina raptor center, huntersville, north carolina, were euthanized because they could not be rehabilitated and released. fully sporulated 12.5 x 9.9 m sized sporocysts were found in intestinal scrapings of both hawks. sporocysts were orally fed to laboratory-r ... | 2017 | 28644743 |
| determination of gastrointestinal transit times in barred owls ( strix varia ) by contrast fluoroscopy. | contrast imaging studies are routinely performed in avian patients when an underlying abnormality of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract is suspected. fluoroscopy offers several advantages over traditional radiography and can be performed in conscious animals with minimal stress and restraint. although birds of prey are commonly encountered as patients, little is known about gi transit times and contrast imaging studies in these species, especially owls. owls are commonly encountered in zoological, ... | 2017 | 28644080 |
| pharmacokinetics of a single dose of voriconazole administered orally with and without food to red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensus). | objective to determine the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole administered po with or without food to red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensus) and whether any observed variability could be explained by measured covariates to inform dose adjustments. animals 7 adult red-tailed hawks. procedures in a crossover study design, hawks were randomly assigned to first receive voriconazole (15 mg/kg, po) injected into a dead mouse (n = 3; fed birds) or without food (4; unfed birds). sixteen days later, treatmen ... | 2017 | 28345998 |
| a low false negative filter for detecting rare bird species from short video segments using a probable observation data set-based ekf method. | we report a new filter to assist the search for rare bird species. since a rare bird only appears in front of a camera with very low occurrence (e.g., less than ten times per year) for very short duration (e.g., less than a fraction of a second), our algorithm must have a very low false negative rate. we verify the bird body axis information with the known bird flying dynamics from the short video segment. since a regular extended kalman filter (ekf) cannot converge due to high measurement error ... | 2010 | 20388596 |
| holding power of different pin designs and pin insertion methods in avian cortical bone. | to measure pullout strength of four pin types in avian humeri and tibiotarsi bones and to compare slow-speed power and hand insertion methods. | 2013 | 9662771 |
| orchard dormant sprays and exposure of red-tailed hawks to organophosphates. | | 1991 | 1813086 |
| effect of sublethal lead exposure on gastric motility of red-tailed hawks. | in order to determine the effects of low level lead exposure on gastric motility in raptors, strain gage transducers were surgically implanted on the serosal surface of the muscular stomach of three red-tailed hawks. the frequency and amplitude of gastric contractions during ingestion and early digestion were monitored for 1 week under control conditions and for 3 weeks while the birds were fed 0.82 or 1.64 mg lead (as lead acetate) per kg body weight each day. exposure to these doses did not ap ... | 1991 | 1898121 |
| effects of chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of lead acetate on heme synthesis and immune function in red-tailed hawks. | red-tailed hawks were exposed to sublethal levels of lead acetate for periods of 3 or 11 weeks. alterations in the heme biosynthetic pathway were demonstrated after the first week of exposure to 0.82 mg lead per kilogram body weight per day. activity of erythrocyte porphobilinogen synthase (aminolevulinic acid dehydratase) was depressed significantly and did not return to normal levels until 5 weeks after the termination of lead treatments. a rapid and relatively brief increase in erythrocyte fr ... | 1991 | 1898120 |
| toxicity of gentamicin in red-tailed hawks. | gentamicin sulfate at dosage levels of 10 and 20 mg/kg of body weight was administered twice daily iv to red-tailed hawks. clinical signs, water consumption, and changes in blood chemical values were monitored. tissues were examined grossly and ultrastructurally, using light and electron microscopy. clinical signs of weakness and apnea were attributed to gentamicin-induced neuromuscular blockade in the 20-mg/kg group. serum values of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, cholesterol, ino ... | 1983 | 6881667 |
| unexpected reactions to the use of ct 1341 by red-tailed hawks. | | 1975 | 1198883 |
| syndromic surveillance for west nile virus using raptors in rehabilitation. | wildlife rehabilitation centers routinely gather health-related data from diverse species. their capability to signal the occurrence of emerging pathogens and improve traditional surveillance remains largely unexplored. this paper assessed the utility for syndromic surveillance of raptors admitted to the raptor center (trc) to signal circulation of west nile virus (wnv) in minnesota between 1990 and 2014. an exhaustive descriptive analysis using grouping time series structures and models of inte ... | 2017 | 29187187 |
| determining raptor species and tissue sensitivity for improved west nile virus surveillance. | raptors are a target sentinel species for west nile virus (wnv) because many are susceptible to wnv disease, they are easily sighted because of their large size, and they often occupy territories near human settlements. sick and dead raptors accumulate at raptor and wildlife rehabilitation clinics. however, investigations into species selection and specimen type for efficient detection of wnv are lacking. accordingly, we evaluated dead raptors from north-central colorado and se wyoming over a 4- ... | 2018 | 29617186 |
| a retrospective summary of raptor mortality in ontario, canada (1991-2014), including the effects of west nile virus. | the causes of mortality of free-ranging raptors range from anthropogenic (e.g., trauma) to dynamic environmental conditions that may affect habitat suitability and prey availability. the province of ontario, canada, is vulnerable to anthropogenic and environmental changes because of its northern latitudes and expanding human populations, both of which may impact wildlife. we retrospectively evaluated diagnostic data from raptors submitted to the ontario-nunavut node of the canadian wildlife heal ... | 2017 | 29154686 |
| atypical chlamydiaceae in wild populations of hawks ( buteo spp.) in california. | chlamydiaceae bacteria infect many vertebrate hosts, and previous reports based on polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays and serologic assays that are prone to cross-reaction among chlamydial organisms have been used to describe the prevalence of either dna fragments or antibodies to chlamydia spp. in wild raptorial populations. this study reports the pcr-based prevalence of chlamydiaceae dna that does not 100% match any avian or mammalian chlamydiaceae in wild populations of hawks in californi ... | 2018 | 29517435 |
| confirmation of sarcocystis jamaicensis sarcocysts in ifn-γ gene knockout mice orally inoculated with sporocysts from a red-tailed hawk ( buteo jamaicensis). | here, we report confirmation of sarcocysts of sarcocystis jamaicensis in an experimental intermediate host, ifn-γ gene knockout (ko) mice orally inoculated sporocysts from its natural definitive host, a red-tailed hawk ( buteo jamaicensis) (rth). a rth submitted to the carolina raptor center, huntersville, north carolina, was euthanized because it could not be rehabilitated and released. fully sporulated sporocysts from intestinal scrapings of the rth were orally fed to 2 laboratory-reared outbr ... | 2019 | 30807718 |
| eavesdropping grey squirrels infer safety from bird chatter. | when multiple species are vulnerable to a common set of predators, it is advantageous for individuals to recognize information about the environment provided by other species. eastern gray squirrels (sciurus carolinensis) and other small mammals have been shown to exploit heterospecific alarm calls as indicators of danger. however, many species-especially birds-emit non-alarm auditory cues such as contact calls when perceived predator threat is low, and such public information may serve as cues ... | 2019 | 31483829 |
| feather mercury concentrations in north american raptors sampled at migration monitoring stations. | we assessed total mercury (thg) concentrations in breast feathers of diurnal north american raptors collected at migration monitoring stations. for 9 species in the pacific flyway, we found species and age influenced feather thg concentrations whereas sex did not. feather thg concentrations µg/g dry weight (dw) averaged (least squares mean ± standard error) higher for raptors that generally consume > 75% avian prey (sharp-shinned hawk accipiter striatus: n = 113; 4.35 ± 0.45 µg/g dw, peregrine f ... | 2019 | 30761431 |
| argas (persicargas) giganteus soft tick infection with rickettsia hoogstraali and relapsing fever borrelia on wild avian species of the desert southwest, usa. | changing climatic conditions and the northward expansion of ticks and pathogens are of immense importance to human, animal, and environmental health assessment and risk management. from 2014 through 2015, a wildlife rehabilitation center in south-central arizona, us noted soft ticks (argasidae) infesting 23 birds, including cooper's hawks (accipiter cooperii), gray hawks (buteo plagiatus), harris's hawks (parabuteo unicinctus), red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis), great horned owls (bubo virgin ... | 2020 | 31567038 |
| long-term outcome of phacoemulsification in raptors-a retrospective study (1999-2014). | to determine long-term outcome of phacoemulsification in raptors at the university of tennessee veterinary medical center. | 2019 | 30724454 |
| feeding ecology drives lead exposure of facultative and obligate avian scavengers in the eastern united states. | lead poisoning of scavenging birds is a global issue. however, the drivers of lead exposure of avian scavengers have been understood from the perspective of individual species, not cross-taxa assemblages. we analyzed blood (n = 285) and liver (n = 226) lead concentrations of 5 facultative (american crows [corvus brachyrhynchos], bald eagles [haliaeetus leucocephalus], golden eagles [aquila chrysaetos], red-shouldered hawks [buteo lineatus], and red-tailed hawks [buteo jamaicensis]) and 2 obligat ... | 2020 | 32022303 |
| prevalence of sarcocysts in the muscles of raptors from a rehabilitation center in north carolina. | the life cycle of sarcocystis species is heteroxenous (2-host), with carnivores being the definitive host and herbivores serving as intermediate hosts in predator-prey relationships. raptors (eagles, hawks, falcons, and owls) are apex predators and are not consumed routinely by other carnivores, making the occurrence of sarcocysts in their muscles unusual. recent reports of sarcocysts in eagles and owls with sarcocystis encephalitis suggests that this condition may be becoming more frequent, and ... | 2019 | 30807729 |
| auditory performance in bald eagles and red-tailed hawks: a comparative study of hearing in diurnal raptors. | collision with wind turbines is a conservation concern for eagles with population abundance implications. the development of acoustic alerting technologies to deter eagles from entering hazardous air spaces is a potentially significant mitigation strategy to diminish associated morbidity and mortality risks. as a prelude to the engineering of deterrence technologies, auditory function was assessed in bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus), as well as in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). audi ... | 2019 | 31520117 |
| investigating spatial patterns of mercury and rodenticide residues in raptors collected near the charlotte, nc, usa, metropolitan area. | raptor population growth is dynamic and trends vary across species and by location in the united states. for those species that are declining, it is important to identify potential causes including chemical contaminants. sampling wild raptors is problematic due to their small population sizes and role as a top predator. therefore, we obtained liver samples (n = 56) from carcasses of several raptor species, including common species like red-tailed hawks, red-shouldered hawks, barred owls, great h ... | 2018 | 30251047 |
| pilot study: correlation of the surface skin temperature between the leg and foot using thermographic imaging in captive hawks. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether the thermal image temperatures of the tibiotarsal scaled region of the raptor leg and the plantar surface of ipsilateral foot while perching were correlated. the correlation between leg and foot temperature was sought to determine whether remote imaging of the legs can be used as a reliable predictor of foot temperature. the right and left tarsometatarsal region (leg) and metatarsal pad (foot) of 10 captive hawks, including 8 red-tailed hawks (b ... | 2020 | 32702956 |
| comparison of torsional properties between a fixateur externe du service de santé des armées and an acrylic tie-in external skeletal fixator in a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) synthetic tibiotarsal bone model. | to compare the torsional mechanical properties of 2 external skeletal fixators (esfs) placed with 2 intramedullary pin (ip) and transfixation pin (tp) size combinations in a model of raptor tibiotarsal bone fracture. | 2020 | 32584184 |
| spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging of normal foveae: a pilot study in 17 diurnal birds of prey. | to describe and to establish normative data for the foveae of diurnal birds of prey using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (sd-oct). | 2020 | 31981286 |
| characterization of an unusual mesenchymal tumor in the proventriculus of a free-ranging red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | an adult, female red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) was presented for examination after being found unable to fly on a private citizen's property. further diagnostic testing revealed a vascular, soft tissue mass arising from the serosal surface of the proximal proventriculus. postmortem histological and immunohistochemical examination of the mass revealed an unusual mesenchymal tumor with features consistent with a leiomyoma or low-grade gastrointestinal stromal tumor. | 2019 | 31893626 |
| taxonomic status of harlan's hawk buteo jamaicensis harlani (aves: accipitriformes). | since its description in 1830 by audubon, harlan's hawk (taxon harlani) has been considered both as a species (buteo harlani) (1830-1891 and 1944-1972) and as a subspecies of red-tailed hawk (b. jamaicensis harlani) (1891-1944 and 1973 to present). both decisions making it a subspecies lacked sufficient taxonomic justification, whereas the 1944 decision to consider it a species was supported by convincing arguments. i conducted field and museum work over many years to better understand the morph ... | 2018 | 30313308 |
| pharmacokinetics of fentanyl after intravenous administration in isoflurane-anesthetized red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) and hispaniolan amazon parrots (amazona ventralis). | objective to compare the disposition of fentanyl citrate after a single iv injection in isoflurane-anesthetized red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) and hispaniolan amazon parrots (amazona ventralis). animals 6 adult red-tailed hawks and 6 adult hispaniolan amazon parrots. procedures anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane; intermittent positive-pressure ventilation was provided. the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane was determined for each bird by use of the bracketing ... | 2018 | 30085853 |
| changes in the membrane carbohydrates from sperm cryopreserved with dimethylsulfoxide or polyvinylpyrrolidone of red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicencis). | that cryopreservation can induce alterations in sperm. | 2018 | 29734426 |
| torsional and axial compressive properties of tibiotarsal bones of red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | objective to describe the torsional and axial compressive properties of tibiotarsal bones of red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). sample 16 cadaveric tibiotarsal bones from 8 red-tailed hawks. procedures 1 tibiotarsal bone from each bird was randomly assigned to be tested in torsion, and the contralateral bone was tested in axial compression. intact bones were monotonically loaded in either torsion (n = 8) or axial compression (8) to failure. mechanical variables were derived from load-deformat ... | 2018 | 29583042 |
| extraocular muscle architecture in hawks and owls. | a complete and accurate understanding of extraocular muscle function is important to the veterinary care of the avian eye. this is especially true for birds of prey, which rely heavily on vision for survival and yet are prone to ocular injury and disease. to better understand the function of extraocular muscles in birds of prey, we studied extraocular muscle architecture grossly and histologically. | 2018 | 29411483 |
| superpredator proximity and landscape characteristics alters nest site selection and breeding success of a subordinate predator. | selecting nesting habitat that minimizes predation risk but maximizes foraging success is one of the most important decisions in avian life history. this takes on added complexity when a predator is faced with the challenge of avoiding fellow predators. we assessed the importance of local and landscape vegetation, food abundance, and predation risk on nest site selection and nest survival in a subordinate raptor (mississippi kite; ictinia mississippiensis) nesting in proximity to two superpredat ... | 2018 | 29357028 |
| pharmacokinetics of a concentrated buprenorphine formulation in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | objective to determine the pharmacokinetics and sedative effects of 2 doses of a concentrated buprenorphine formulation after sc administration to red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). animals 6 adult red-tailed hawks. procedures concentrated buprenorphine (0.3 mg/kg, sc) was administered to all birds. blood samples were collected at 10 time points over 24 hours after drug administration to determine plasma buprenorphine concentrations. after a 4-week washout period, the same birds received the ... | 2018 | 29287158 |
| contrast fluoroscopic evaluation of gastrointestinal transit times with and without the use of falconry hoods in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | objective to evaluate gastrointestinal transit times in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) by use of contrast fluoroscopic imaging and investigate the effect of falconry hooding in these hawks on gastrointestinal transit time. design prospective, randomized, blinded, complete crossover study. animals 9 healthy red-tailed hawks. procedures hawks were gavage-fed a 30% weight-by-volume barium suspension (25 ml/kg [11.3 ml/lb]) into the crop. fluoroscopic images were obtained at multiple time poin ... | 2017 | 29035663 |