| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of salmonella typhi protein antigen. | a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was designed for the detection of salmonella typhi protein antigen. the optimal concentration of antibody for coating the plate was found to be 50 micrograms/ml. the optimum conditions for antibody coating and antigen and conjugate incubation were 37 degrees c for 3 h, 37 degrees c for 2 h, and 4 degrees c overnight, respectively. the enzyme-substrate reaction was allowed to take place at 30 degrees c for 1 h. the established e ... | 1987 | 3818924 |
| comparative in vitro activity of aztreonam and other antimicrobial agents against salmonella species. | the in vitro activity of aztreonam, the first monobactam antibiotic, was compared with that of 17 other antimicrobial agents against 79 strains of salmonella species. the microorganisms were isolated from hospitalized patients, surface waters and seafoods during the decade 1975-1984. they included the following species: salmonella typhi 63, salmonella typhimurium 5, salmonella wien 5, salmonella heidelberg 2, salmonella arizonae 2, salmonella paratyphi b 1 and salmonella enteritidis 1. the minim ... | 1985 | 3836124 |
| [determination of human b cell functions by salmonella paratyphi b and its clinical significance]. | | 1985 | 3872953 |
| utilization of d-tartaric acid by salmonella paratyphi b and salmonella java: comparison of anaerobic plate test, lead acetate test and turbidity test. | d-tartrate dehydrase of salmonella java is an oxygen-sensitive enzyme active in cultures incubated under the poorly aerated conditions of static culture but not in fully aerated shaken cultures nor on plates incubated aerobically. on plates of d-tartrate minimal agar incubated anaerobically the enzyme or the degradation products of d-tartrate are exported from d-tartrate-positive cells and are available to d-tartrate-negative bacteria. this may give misleading growth results when d-tartrate-posi ... | 1985 | 3894507 |
| specific proteins common to salmonella paratyphi b and c. | a serum prepared with proteins from salmonella paratyphi c precipitates indiscriminately the proteins from numerous heterologous salmonellae. after different absorptions, that eliminate all the antibodies induced against common e. coli and salmonellae determinants, a specific precipitation of a s. paratyphi c protein which is identical with that of an s. paratyphi b protein is evident in agar gel diffusion. | 1985 | 3897799 |
| recurrent intraabdominal abscess caused by salmonella paratyphi c. | we describe a patient who suffered from recurrent intraabdominal abscesses. the last two of the three abscesses were certainly caused by salmonella paratyphi c. the time interval between the first and the second abscess was 25 years, and that between the second and the third abscess was 20 years. single infection with this microorganism is very rare in israel, with only four known cases in the last 20 years. the annual frequency in the united states is 0 to 2 cases per year. in recent years, thi ... | 1985 | 3919056 |
| paratyphoid fever presenting with grand mal fits and cerebellar signs. | we report a case of salmonella paratyphi b infection in a man who presented with cerebellar signs and convulsions. later he developed vertebral osteomyelitis and a paravertebral abscess. he was treated successfully with chloramphenicol for 14 days and then long-term amoxycillin. | 1985 | 3920327 |
| use of temocillin in typhoid fever, hepatobiliary disease and other infections. | during 1980-1984, 51 patients with enteric fever (typhoid/paratyphoid fever and salmonellosis) biliary tract sepsis, and other gram-negative infections were treated with temocillin at 3 medical centres in bangkok, thailand. this article summarises the results in the 42 evaluable patients (14 males, 28 females); 10 patients with enteric fever, 2 patients with salmonellosis; 12 patients with biliary tract sepsis, and 18 patients with other gram-negative infections. overall, 86% of the patients wer ... | 1985 | 3928321 |
| conservation of dna sequences for plasmid-mediated citrate utilization within the enterobacteria. | southern blot dna-dna hybridization experiments with a cloned cit+ dna fragment as a probe showed that the plasmid-mediated cit+ determinants from four cit plasmids (r726, poh3001, poh3035, and poh30221) were all homologous. sequences homologous to the plasmid-borne cit+ gene were also found in total bacterial dna isolated from salmonella paratyphi b, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium lt-2, citrobacter freundii, atcc 8090, citrobacter amalonaticus atcc 25405, klebsiella pneumoniae i ... | 1986 | 3941048 |
| diarrhea associated with typhoid fever. | to study the pathogenesis of diarrhea occurring with typhoid fever, we selected 42 patients with diarrhea and blood cultures positive for salmonella typhi or salmonella paratyphi a, but without diarrheal copathogens, for measurement of stool output and examination of fecal composition. the mean duration of fever before hospitalization was 9.5 days, and the mean duration of diarrhea was 5.8 days. all patients passed liquid stool on their first day in the hospital, ranging in volume from 4 to 172 ... | 1985 | 3998508 |
| coagglutination and counter immunoelectrophoresis in the rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever. | the efficacy of two methods--coagglutination (coag) and counter immunoelectrophoresis (cie)--in the rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever was studied in parallel with blood and clot cultures on 114 clinically suspected cases. retrospective analysis showed that only 58 eventually were discharged and had typhoid fever. antigen detection on their sera was done by both methods, concomitant with antigen detection on culture supernates by cie. sera from 50 controls were subjected to both tests. agglutinati ... | 1985 | 4014078 |
| [morphology of lysotypic phages of salmonella paratyphi b (felix and callow chart)]. | | 1972 | 4110831 |
| [results of phage typing of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi b in the years 1966-1969]. | | 1972 | 4144797 |
| [hematogenous primary peritonitis caused by salmonella paratyphi a]. | | 1973 | 4200505 |
| treatment of chronic carriers of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi b with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | | 1973 | 4202212 |
| salmonella paratyphi osteomyelitis. report of a case simulating a giant cell tumor. | | 1974 | 4207722 |
| [experiences from an outbreak of salmonella paratyphi b]. | | 1973 | 4208252 |
| growth of typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli in intravenously infected mice. | the in vivo growth of salmonella paratyphi a, s. paratyphi b, s. paratyphi c, and s. typhi, as well as of an s. typhi-typhimurium hybrid, was studied in three different strains of mice. s. paratyphi a and b and s. typhi demonstrated very little growth potential in any of the intravenously infected mice, even after as many as 20 serial mouse passages. it was noted, however, that small numbers of viable s. paratyphi b and s. typhi persisted in the spleens of infected mice for up to 28 days. salmon ... | 1974 | 4214784 |
| [the phage typing of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi b in northrhine-westphalia during the years 1961 to 1965. ii]. | | 1968 | 4234958 |
| immunogenic interrelationship between salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a. | | 1973 | 4282971 |
| combined effects of diphenyliodonium chloride, pine oils, and mustard oil soaps on certain microorganisms. | bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities of an emulsion containing 10.0% (v/v) terpineol, 0.5% (w/v) diphenyliodonium chloride, 11.0% (v/v) ethyl alcohol, and 5.62% saponified mustard oil were tested against a number of different types of organisms. the bactericidal concentration for salmonella typhosa was 1:400. in the presence of 5.0% horse serum, it increased to 1:250. the bacteriostatic concentration varied from organism to organism; escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus required 4,00 ... | 1969 | 4389659 |
| antigenic variations in a cholramphenicol-resistant strain of salmonella paratyphi b. | | 1974 | 4476144 |
| paratyphoid in man and cattle. | salmonella paratyphi b, phage type taunton, caused generalized subclinical infection of cows and cases of human enteric fever at a dairy farm. the cattle were probably infected from a stream receiving the sewage effluent of a village in which a chronic carrier lived. at the same time as the farm outbreak a water-borne outbreak of human paratyphoid fever occurred in villages several miles away. the water supply was chlorinated and no failure of its treatment had been detected. s. paratyphi b, typ ... | 1972 | 4625191 |
| salmonella paratyphi b infection in dairy cows. ii. investigation of an active carrier. | | 1972 | 4627340 |
| the geographical distribution of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a and b phage types during the period 1 january 1966 to 31 december 1969. | | 1973 | 4632828 |
| [urinary infection due to salmonella paratyphi c during schistosoma haematobium schistosomiasis]. | | 1972 | 4678938 |
| treatment of salmonella paratyphi a osteomyelitis with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. | | 1973 | 4706995 |
| [characteristics of the molecular-weight parameters of the highly-active large-molecule component of salmonella paratyphi b. endotoxins according to light-scattering and electron-microscopic data]. | | 1973 | 4743474 |
| [hepatic clearance of salmonella paratyphi b studies on an experimental model of the isolated perfused rat liver]. | | 1973 | 4788783 |
| immunochemical studies on t1,s hybrids of salmonella paratyphi--b. | | 1967 | 4860519 |
| somatic antigen 2 inheritance in salmonella groups b and d. | somatic (o) antigen 2 of salmonella paratyphi a replaced somatic antigen 4 of an s. typhimurium recipient as the consequence of mating with an s. paratyphi a var. durazzo hfr strain. the genetic determinants of these o antigens behaved in this cross as alleles of a common o locus, which is linked to the determinant of histidine biosynthesis, his. by employing phage lysates obtained by growth of p22 on an s. typhimurium hybrid which had received his and o-factor 2 determinants from the s. paratyp ... | 1967 | 4864412 |
| [coexistence of some transferable factors of resistance to antibiotics, isolated during salmonellosis due to salmonella paratyphi b, variety java]. | | 1969 | 4898237 |
| [distribution of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi b lysotypes in east-hesse with special reference to their epidemiology]. | | 1965 | 4957469 |
| radiation survival of food pathogens in complex media. | when 15 bacterial species representing genera associated with food-borne diseases were irradiated individually, all except escherichia coli and streptococcus faecalis showed typical linear dose-survival curves in hartsell's broth. the minimal lethal dose (mld) for the organisms tested ranged from 3.0 x 10(5) to 6.0 x 10(5) rad. salmonella paratyphi b, s. wichita, s. typhi, e. coli, and s. faecalis were found to be the least sensitive to radiation. in commercially canned crabmeat the survival cur ... | 1966 | 4958149 |
| salmonella paratyphi a infection in india: incidence and phage types. | | 1966 | 4958490 |
| bacteriostatic action of progesterone on staphylococci and other microorganisms. | yotis, william (loyola university, hines, ill.), and ronald stanke. bacteriostatic action of progesterone on staphylococci and other microorganisms. j. bacteriol. 92:1285-1289. 1966.-progesterone has been examined in vitro for antibacterial activity against 10 microorganisms. turbidimetric and manometric techniques were used to assay the antibacterial activity of progesterone. the organisms tested consisted of staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, gaffkya tetragena, bacillus subtilis, listeria ... | 1966 | 4958877 |
| [isolation of salmonella paratyphi b resistant to multiple drugs (including aminobenzyl penicillin)]. | | 1967 | 4962907 |
| [arylsulfatase formation in microorganisms, specially in salmonella paratyphi b. relation between lysotype and enzyme formation]. | | 1966 | 4966712 |
| epidemiological investigations of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in japan with aid of the phage typing method. i. distribution of phage-types of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi b in japan, 1956-1965. | | 1967 | 4968085 |
| [distribution and constancy of markers of lysotypes of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi b in carriers]. | | 1968 | 4974903 |
| [contribution to the study on salmonella. on the immunochemistry of salmonella paratyphi a]. | | 1969 | 4976814 |
| [salmonella paratyphi a lysotyping by banker's method and unpublished complementary lysotyping of lysotype 1]. | | 1969 | 4979079 |
| [the anti-salmonella paratyphi b vaccination]. | | 1970 | 4999244 |
| controlled field trial with dried sorbed paratyphoid b and typhoid vaccines. | in 1968-70 a field trial was arranged in the ussr to evaluate the effectiveness of dried sorbed paratyphoid b and typhoid vaccines when administered in two doses separated by an interval of 20-30 days.two groups of schoolchildren were under observation: a group inoculated with paratyphoid b vaccine (75 805 children) and a group inoculated with typhoid vaccine (76 314 children). the persons who were inoculated with the paratyphoid b vaccine formed the control group used in evaluating the effectiv ... | 1971 | 5004428 |
| [measles complicated by gastroenteritis caused by salmonella paratyphi b resistant to caf and sensitive to the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole association]. | | 1972 | 5041987 |
| hepatic abscess caused by salmonella paratyphi b. | | 1972 | 5057010 |
| salmonella paratyphi b infection in dairy cows. i. | | 1972 | 5073600 |
| evaluation of the method of phage and biochemical typing of salmonella paratyphi b. | | 1965 | 5215006 |
| [comparative studies on classification of strains of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi b to bacteriophage and colicine types. i. bacteriophage and colicine types]. | | 1969 | 5355650 |
| [common antigenic properties of salmonella paratyphi b and salmonella bereilly]. | | 1969 | 5371833 |
| [immunochemical investigation of the structure of k- and o-antigens of bacterium paratyphi b]. | | 1970 | 5470179 |
| sensitivity of salmonella paratyphi b to colicines and phase variation. | | 1970 | 5513570 |
| [salmonella paratyphi b gonarthritis in the course of chronic osteomyelitis]. | | 1971 | 5577719 |
| the incidence of phage types of salmonella paratyphi a in india. | | 1967 | 5595575 |
| survival of salmonella paratyphi b, phage type 1 var. 6, in soil. | | 1967 | 5630456 |
| [observations on the differentiation between salmonella paratyphi b and salmonella java]. | | 1968 | 5700958 |
| [on an antigenic relationship between salmonella paratyphi b and salmonella bareilly]. | | 1968 | 5727909 |
| [the clinical picture and course of salmonellosis caused by salmonella paratyphi b]. | | 1968 | 5736137 |
| [a strain of klebsiella having a common antigen with salmonella paratyphi b]. | | 1965 | 5829066 |
| interaction of rabbit lymph node cells with bacteria (salmonella paratyphi b). | | 1965 | 5855300 |
| the pyrogenic effect of scarlet fever toxin. ii. leukocytic pyrogen formation induced by scarlet fever toxin or salmonella paratyphi b endotoxin. | | 1966 | 5916358 |
| [ketosis in fever induced by salmonella paratyphi b endotoxin (pyrusol). utilization of glucose]. | | 1966 | 5930831 |
| response of rana pipens to salmonella paratyphi antigen. | | 1966 | 5951321 |
| [food poisoning caused by salmonella paratyphi b]. | | 1966 | 5973704 |
| [on various lysotypes of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi b detected recently in rumania]. | | 1966 | 5973707 |
| chloramphenicol resistance of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a isolated during 1962-1965. | | 1966 | 5976562 |
| a milk-borne outbreak of food poisoning due to salmonella paratyphi b. var. java. | | 1967 | 6072105 |
| [development of organic reaction at the beginning of fever induced by the endotoxin of salmonella paratyphi b--pyrusol]. | | 1967 | 6077094 |
| naturally occurring strains of salmonella paratyphi b unable to form adhesive (type-1) fimbriae. | | 1982 | 6131014 |
| necrotising enterocolitis associated with salmonella paratyphi b type 4, 5. | | 1981 | 6185049 |
| evaluation of sodium polyanethanol sulfonate as a blood culture additive for recovery of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a. | a total of 640 blood specimens from patients in an area endemic for enteric fever were cultured in parallel in tryptic soy broth with and without sodium polyanethanol sulfonate (sps). a total of 95 specimens were positive for salmonella spp., 54 for salmonella typhi, and 41 for salmonella paratyphi a in one or both bottles of a set. significantly higher rates of recovery were obtained from the sps-containing medium (p less than 0.01) upon subculturing blindly at 24 h and 3 days of incubation. su ... | 1983 | 6311874 |
| plasmodium falciparum products enhance human lymphocyte transformation by epstein-barr virus. | supernatants obtained from the in vitro culture of plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes induced prolonged lymphocyte survival in culture for more than 8 weeks in six cultures and permanent cell lines were established in four of these. the cells in the latter showed lymphoblastoid features similar to those seen in parallel cultures to which transforming epstein-barr (eb) virus instead of p. falciparum derived substances had been added. cells from the same donors stimulated with other mitog ... | 1984 | 6329564 |
| imbalance in recruitment of igg (gm) allotype-producing b-cell subsets from blood to brain in multiple sclerosis. | in gm3/gm3 homozygous multiple sclerosis (ms) patients, in vitro production of the g1m(3) allotype of igg1 induced by the t-independent polyclonal b-cell activator salmonella paratyphi b (spb) was lower than that of normal individuals of the same gm phenotype. in contrast, lymphocytes from gm1/gm3 heterozygous ms patients responded to the same stimulus with a significantly increased g1m(3) allotype synthesis not observed in normal individuals of the same phenotype. the high level of intrathecal ... | 1984 | 6333282 |
| effect of human leukocyte interferon on invasiveness of salmonella species in hep-2 cell cultures. | the effect of human leukocyte interferon on the invasiveness of salmonella and shigella species in hep-2 cell cultures was examined. the intracellular and extracellular bacteria were identified by a combination of nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy and uv incident light microscopy applied on the same microscope. pretreatment of hep-2 cells with human leukocyte interferon reduced the number of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella paratyphi-b bacteria per cell and the proporti ... | 1983 | 6358041 |
| isolation and characterization of an outer membrane protein of salmonella paratyphi b: a mitogen and polyclonal activator of human b lymphocytes. | salmonella paratyphi b (s. paratyphi b) has been previously characterized as a human t-independent polyclonal b cell activator. to define further the nature of the bacterial structure responsible for these properties, we studied the effects of autoclaving and enzyme treatment of s. paratyphi b on its stimulatory capacity. we found that both autoclaving and papain treatment decreased the ability of s. paratyphi b to induce b cell activation, while trypsin treatment did not affect this capacity. n ... | 1984 | 6370841 |
| duodenal string-capsule culture compared with bone-marrow, blood, and rectal-swab cultures for diagnosing typhoid and paratyphoid fever. | the sensitivity of duodenal string-capsule culture (dscc) was compared to that of bone-marrow-aspirate culture (bmac), single 3-ml blood culture (bc), and rectal-swab culture (rsc) for isolating salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi type a from patients with typhoid and paratyphoid fever. in 36 of 154 patients dscc could not be used, usually because the patient was too ill to swallow the capsule. in the remaining 118 patients dscc was positive in 57.6%, rsc in 35.6%, bc in 54.2%, and bmac in ... | 1984 | 6421940 |
| schistosoma intercalatum and relapses of salmonella infection in children. | twenty-five african children from libreville had concomitant typhoid or paratyphoid fever (salmonella typhi, 4 children; salmonella paratyphi a, 1; s. paratyphi b, 5; s. paratyphi c, 15) and schistosoma intercalatum infection. in 19 children treated for both infections, no relapse occurred. in the six others, antibiotics alone were given and the salmonella infection relapsed after 1 month. no relapse occurred after a second course of antibiotics together with treatment for the s. intercalatum in ... | 1984 | 6439063 |
| [treatment of typhoid fever with cefoperazone]. | cefoperazone was given parenterally to 10 patients (9 woman and 1 man, aged 19 to 75 years) with positive blood cultures for salmonella typhi (9 cases) or salmonella paratyphi a (1 case). daily dosage was 0.5 g on the first day, 1 g on the second and 2 g on the third. five patients had 4 g on the fourth day. average time to defervescence was five days. there were no relapses. cefoperazone is therefore satisfactory for treating typhoid fever, especially caused by ampicillin- or chloramphenicol-re ... | 1984 | 6462748 |
| semisolid selective-motility enrichment medium for isolation of salmonellae from fecal specimens. | a semisolid selective-motility enrichment medium for the isolation of salmonellae from fecal specimens was developed which was based on rappaport enrichment broth. during a 7-year period more than 30,000 stool samples were tested. the medium showed a high specificity (95.1%) and sensitivity (80.3%) when compared with macconkey agar, ss agar, and brilliant green agar (after selenite-f enrichment [bbl microbiology systems]). furthermore, our isolation rate of salmonella species from fecal samples ... | 1984 | 6470105 |
| the combination of pivmecillinam and pivampicillin in the treatment of enteric fever. | thirty-nine patients with acute enteric fever received the fixed-dose oral combination of pivmecillinam/pivampicillin. thirty-seven (95%) subjects responded satisfactorily. no relapses or persistent faecal excretion of salmonellae were seen in the 29 patients followed up for 2 to 19 weeks. the treatment was well tolerated, no side-effects being recorded. in vitro studies revealed a synergistic interaction between mecillinam and ampicillin against isolates of salmonella paratyphi a. | 1984 | 6569851 |
| surveillance for typhoid fever in matsuyama city during 1974-1981 and detection of salmonella typhi in sewage and river waters. | eighty-two cases of typhoid fever were found in matsuyama city in the period from 1974 to 1981. seventy-six cases were found to be infected with salmonella typhi other three with salmonella paratyphi a, and the remaining three were diagnosed only clinically. the strains of s. typhi isolated from these patients showed such a variety of vi-phage types as d1, d2, e1, m1, 53 and degraded vi-positive strain (dvs). the concurrent survey of the city sewage and river waters for typhoid bacilli was condu ... | 1983 | 6632352 |
| [results of phage typing of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi-b in the years 1974-1978 from the federal republic of germany including berlin (west) (author's transl)]. | in the period between 1.1.1974 and 31.12.1978 phage typing of 2058 strains of s. typhi and 1672 strains of s. paratyphi-b was carried out. 45 s. typhi phage types were found, 11 of these occurred in a frequency of more than 1% (relevant to foci). these were e1 a (21.6%), a (17.7%), f1 (5.8%), d1 (5.5%), c1 (4.6%), e1b (4.1%), d2 (2.5%), 40 (1.5%), 29 (1.3%), b2 (1.0%), 46 (1.0%). among s. paratyphi-b strains 23 phage types or varieties were observed, 11 of these occurred in a frequency more than ... | 1980 | 6779437 |
| a laboratory study of salmonella paratyphi-a isolated from an outbreak in 1979. | | 1980 | 6784242 |
| salmonella paratyphi a in hamsters concurrently infected with schistosoma mansoni. | the present work deals with the development of an improved animal model to study the association of salmonellosis and schistosomiasis. the animal chosen was the hamster, mesocricetus auratus, which can be readily infected with schistosoma mansoni. normal hamsters and schistosome-infected hamsters (sih) were given approximately 2.0 x 10(7) salmonella paratyphi a intracardially. it was found that s. mansoni infections enhanced and prolonged the growth of s. paratyphi a in hamsters. animals with du ... | 1981 | 6786117 |
| alternate pathway of complement and bactericidal response of the channel catfish to salmonella paratyphi. | fresh channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) serum from unimmunized catfish exhibited 100% bactericidal activity against salmonella paratyphi. components responsible for bactericidal activity could be absorbed from the fresh catfish serum with s. paratyphi. the bactericidal system of the fresh catfish serum showed a need for magnesium rather than for calcium after edta treatment. the addition of salicylaldoxime or ammonium hydroxide to catfish serum indicated the alternate rather than the classic ... | 1982 | 6802686 |
| isolation of salmonella paratyphi b var odense in india. | | 1981 | 6802756 |
| interaction of salmonella paratyphi a and schistosoma mansoni in hamsters. | it has previously been shown that salmonella paratyphi a associates with adult schistosoma mansoni worms in animal models and in patients with schistosomiasis, resulting in salmonella infections that are difficult to manage unless the helminthic parasite is eliminated. in the present study, characteristics of this association were explored. in vitro, fresh serum, but not heat-inactivated (56 degree c, 30 minutes) serum, from normal hamsters (nh) and schistosome-infected hamsters (sih) equally in ... | 1982 | 6803604 |
| [on propriety of distinguishing salmonella java from salmonella paratyphi-b]. | | 1982 | 6819325 |
| antimicrobial resistance and r-plasmids of salmonella paratyphi a isolated at bombay. | | 1983 | 6862560 |
| polyclonal activation of human peripheral blood b lymphocytes by formaldehyde-fixed salmonella paratyphi b. i. immunoglobulin production without dna synthesis. | a "new" polyclonal activator of human peripheral blood b cells, formaldehyde-fixed salmonella paratyphi b, is described. this bacterium does not stimulate cell proliferation as measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine but does stimulate a subpopulation of b cells to secrete large amounts of igm, igg, and iga in 7-day cell cultures. the immunoglobulins (ig) produced by cells responding to s. paratyphi b are not specific antibodies against the bacterial antigens. in comparison with other b ... | 1981 | 6972434 |
| a study of drug resistance among salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a in an endemic area, 1977-79. | tests for antibiotic resistance were carried out on 198 strains of salmonella typhi and s. paratyphi a isolated from cases of enteric fevers. their minimal inhibitory concentrations for streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, furazolidine and co-trimoxazole were estimated by plate dilution technique. four strains of s. typhi and one strain of s. paratyphi a were found to show multiple resistance with a set pattern of resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamide, tetracycline and ... | 1981 | 6973847 |
| polyclonal activation of human peripheral blood b lymphocytes by formaldehyde-fixed salmonella paratyphi b. ii. heterogeneity of b lymphocytes. | b-cell 'activation' in cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (pwm), staphylococcus aureus strain cowan i, or formaldehyde-fixed salmonella paratyphi b (spb) was evaluated by enumeration of cells secreting immunoglobulin (ig) and by quantitation of ig released into culture supernatants. a dissociation between these two values was found after day 6 in cultures activated with pwm or spb, suggesting that ig-secreting cells (isc) are heterogeneous in terms of ig secretion rate. generation of isc ... | 1982 | 6979775 |
| polyclonal activation of human peripheral blood b lymphocytes. iii. cellular interaction and immunoregulation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells induced by formaldehyde-fixed salmonella paratyphi b. | | 1982 | 6980749 |
| immunochemistry of salmonella o-antigens: specificity of rabbit antibodies against the o-antigen 2 determinant elicited by whole bacteria and 3-o-alpha-paratopyranosyl-d-mannopyranosyl conjugated to bovine serum albumin. | the binding specificities of antibodies directed against the salmonella sero-group a-specific o-antigen 2 determinant were characterized by precipitation-inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition tests. two different antigen o-2-specific antisera were investigated: one conventional factor o-2 serum (elicited by whole heat-killed salmonella paratyphi a bacteria) and another elicited by the synthetic disaccharide 3-o-a-paratopyranosyl-d-mannopyranosyl (formula: see text) covalent ... | 1980 | 6985605 |
| agglutination and bactericidal responses of the channel catfish to salmonella paratyphi. | | 1981 | 7016617 |
| salmonella infections in singapore. | the incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid in singapore from 1976 to 1979 is reviewed. common vi-phage types were a, b1, b2, d1, d2 and e1. most of the paratyphoid cases were imported but an outbreak of paratyphoid a started in 1979 for the first time in singapore with a predominance of untypable phage type strains. most of the strains of salmonella typi and salmonella paratyphi a & b were susceptible to antibiotics, except for 4 strains of s typhi isolated from imported cases. infections caused b ... | 1981 | 7025739 |
| the geographical distribution of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a and b phage types during the period 1 january 1970 to 31 december 1973. a report of the international federation for enteric phage-typing (ifept). | the frequency distribution is presented of the vi-phage types of salmonella typhi and of the phage types of s. paratyphi a and s. paratyphi b, examined by the national centres represented in the ifept from 1970 to 1974. the most common types encountered in this international study were a and e1 (= e 1 a), as has been previously observed. there was, however, a wide range of types, many of which are characteristic of particular geographical zones. the occurrence of such types out of their habitual ... | 1982 | 7061837 |
| [evolution of splenic lympho-reticular populations during the immune response "in vitro" in the chick (author's transl)]. | the different types of cell population in organotypic cultures of spleen from chicken immunized with salmonella paratyphi b were enumerated. the kinetics of immunoglobulin and of antiflagellar antibody synthesis followed the cellular variations observed. two phases were generally observed: one was characterized by a considerable decrease in small and medium-sized lymphocytes by a lytic process and the appearance, by transformation and/or multiplication, of a large population of hyperactive macro ... | 1982 | 7092172 |
| enteric fevers in children. the importance of age in the varying clinical picture. | the experience with enteric fevers in 71 children hospitalized at the jordan university hospital over a 4-year period is reviewed. forty-one children were male and 30 female. salmonella typhi was the causative organism in 26 and salmonella paratyphi a and b, in the remaining 45 patients. twenty-five children were less than two years of age, and the remaining 46, older than two. gastroenteritis-like symptoms were seen more often in the younger age group, who also tended to lack splenomegaly and l ... | 1981 | 7237881 |
| chronic salmonella bacteriuria with intermittent bacteremia treated with low doses of amoxicillin or ampicillin. | amoxicillin and ampicillin were compared at a dose of 250 mg twice daily for 4 weeks to treat salmonella typhi or salmonella paratyphi a chronic bacteriuria with intermittent bacteremia. eleven patients received amoxicillin, and 15 received ampicillin. concentrations of the two drugs were measured in the urine and serum on treatment days 1, 2, and 7. the urine levels of both antibiotics were maximal 2 h after administration, and minimal levels were 80-fold higher than the s. typhi minimal inhibi ... | 1981 | 7325630 |