| antibody response to rubella virus antigen and structural proteins in retinitis pigmentosa. | elevated serum elisa igg antibodies to rubella virus (rv) were found by three independent determinations in 41 (72%) of 57 adults with the retinal degeneration retinitis pigmentosa, while antibody responses to five other common neurotropic viruses were normal. however, these patients lacked clinical signs of active rv infection or known recent rv exposure, and 56 lacked igm anti-rv antibody. unusual relative percentages of igg antibody to rv structural proteins compared with those of controls we ... | 1992 | 1500736 |
| [non-hodgkin's lymphoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in children]. | a 3-year-old boy with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) developed stage iv burkitt's lymphoma. complete remission was achieved with the bfm-86 protocol. one month after finishing treatment, and still in complete remission, fever appeared and seropositivity to hiv was found. the child was diagnosed of aids (p2-e1) and died 10 days later. although the association of hiv infection and burkitt's lymphoma is well known in adults, it is extremely rare in children. the routine hiv scr ... | 1992 | 1514144 |
| requirement for the adenovirus type 9 e4 region in production of mammary tumors. | oncogenic viruses demonstrating a strict tropism for the mammary gland provide special opportunities to study the susceptibility of this tissue to neoplasia. in rats, human adenovirus type 9 (ad9) elicits mammary fibroadenomas that are similar to common breast tumors in women, as well as phyllodes-like tumors and mammary sarcomas. by constructing recombinant adenoviruses between ad9 and ad26 (a related nontumorigenic virus), it was shown that the ad9 e4 region was absolutely required to produce ... | 1992 | 1519063 |
| disulfide bonds are essential for the stability of the sindbis virus envelope. | sindbis virus is a membrane-containing virus which has two glycoproteins organized in an icosahedral lattice. protein-protein associations have been identified which participate in the formation of the icosahedron and these associations are stabilized by intramolecular disulfide bridges (anthony, r. p., and brown, d. t., 1990, j. virol. 65, 1187-1194). the present study further examines the role of disulfides in the structure and function of sindbis virus by following the effect of dithiothreito ... | 1992 | 1529537 |
| high-level expression of the tick-borne encephalitis virus ns1 protein by using an adenovirus-based vector: protection elicited in a murine model. | tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) encodes an abundant, highly immunogenic nonstructural glycoprotein, ns1. the function of this protein has yet to be determined. we have cloned the ns1 gene from the neudorfl strain of tbev under the control of the powerful constitutive cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter into an adenovirus e1 deletion mutant. the novel combination of the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter and the adenovirus vector produced extremely high levels of ns1 express ... | 1992 | 1532212 |
| identification of the integrin vla-2 as a receptor for echovirus 1. | cell surface receptors for echovirus, a common human pathogen, were identified with monoclonal antibodies that protected susceptible cells from infection with echovirus 1. these monoclonal antibodies, which prevented virus attachment to specific receptor sites, recognized the alpha and beta subunits of the integrin vla-2 (alpha 2 beta 1), a receptor for collagen and laminin. rd rhabdomyosarcoma cells expressed little vla-2, did not bind to 35s-labeled virus, and resisted infection until transfec ... | 1992 | 1553561 |
| differential igg avidity to rubella virus structural proteins. | avidity maturation of igg antibody responses directed against the structural proteins of rubella virus (e1, e2, and c) as well as whole rubella virus (rv) was assessed at sequential time intervals in 7 individuals following serologically confirmed wild rubella infection. individual structural proteins were purified from tissue culture supernatants by differential centrifugation, followed by preparative sds-page under non-reducing conditions. avidity of igg anti-rubella responses was measured by ... | 1992 | 1564450 |
| detection of rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga antibodies by immunoblot assays. | immunoblot (ib) assays were developed for detection of rubella virus (rv)-specific immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga antibodies in human serum following natural infection or immunization. ib assays performed under nonreducing conditions were compared with those performed under reducing conditions and with immunoprecipitation assays. significant loss of antigenicity (greater than 90%) of rv e1 and e2 proteins was observed when ib assays were performed in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol as co ... | 1992 | 1572968 |
| [incidence of hepatitis c in chronic liver diseases following tattooing]. | the seroprevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) was investigated in 16 tattooed men with chronic liver diseases using the ortho-chiron hcv antibody elisa system. in 11 out of the 16 men, the result was positive, which was significantly higher as compared with that of presumably healthy blood donors in the tokyo area, i. e., 1.14% of 2470 donors tested. these results suggest that hcv infection occurred at the time of tattooing in these 11 patients. | 1992 | 1574328 |
| intracellular transport of rubella virus structural proteins expressed from cloned cdna. | the structural proteins of rubella virus consist of a nucleocapsid protein (c) and two membrane-embedded spike glycoproteins (e1 and e2). since many reports have suggested that rubella virus buds intracellularly, we have examined the intracellular transport of the structural proteins in the absence of virion formation, particularly whether the membrane glycoproteins are retained inside the cell or are transported to the cell surface. we have expressed the structural proteins from cloned cdna eit ... | 1992 | 1588317 |
| crystallization of sindbis virus and its nucleocapsid. | crystals of sindbis virus, which contains a lipid-bilayer membrane, have been grown using polyethylene glycol. the space group is r32, a = b = 640 a, c = 1520 a. the crystals are highly mosaic, and recorded diffraction is therefore restricted to spacings of about 30 a. the crystals show that the packing of glycoproteins e1 and e2 in the icosahedral outer shell is sufficiently precise that it permits regular and repeated interactions between virus particles in the lattice. crystals of sindbis nuc ... | 1992 | 1619658 |
| o-glycosylation of the coronavirus m protein. differential localization of sialyltransferases in n- and o-linked glycosylation. | it has previously been shown that the m (e1) glycoprotein of mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 (mhv-a59) contains only o-linked oligosaccharides and localizes to the golgi region when expressed independently. a detailed pulse-chase analysis was made of the addition of o-linked sugars to the m protein; upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, three different electrophoretic forms could be distinguished that corresponded to the sequential acquisition of n-acetylgalactosamine ... | 1992 | 1629209 |
| characterization of rubella virus-specific antibody responses by using a new synthetic peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | rubella virus (rv)-specific immunoglobulin g antibodies were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) techniques in sera from rv (ra 27/3)-vaccinated individuals, patients experiencing natural rv infection, congenital rubella syndrome patients, and individuals failing to respond to repeated rv immunization. results obtained by using whole-rv elisas (detergent-solubilized m33 strain or intact gilchrist strain) and hemagglutination inhibition (hai) and neutralization (nt) assays were c ... | 1992 | 1629342 |
| site-directed mutations in sindbis virus e2 glycoprotein's cytoplasmic domain and the 6k protein lead to similar defects in virus assembly and budding. | site-directed mutagenesis was used to obtain four mutants with amino acid replacements in the cytoplasmic domain of the e2 glycoprotein and three with replacements in the 6k protein of sindbis virus. all but one of these mutants yielded progeny virus after transfection of chicken embryo fibroblasts with rna prepared by in vitro transcription of the virus cdna; however, even this nonproducer mutant made virus structural proteins in the transfected cells. the other six mutants divided into two gro ... | 1991 | 1647069 |
| a subtype of human papillomavirus 5 (hpv-5b) and its subgenomic segment amplified in a carcinoma: nucleotide sequences and genomic organizations. | a subtype of human papillomavirus 5 (hpv-5b) is closely associated with carcinomas in the disease epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev). the complete genome was cloned from virus particles in benign lesions of a patient with ev and sequenced: it was 7779 nucleotides long and consisted of six open reading frames (orfs) (e6, e7, e1, e2, e4, and e5) in the early region, three orfs (l2, l3, and l1) in the late region, and a noncoding region, all existing on one dna strand. the 40% segment of the hpv- ... | 1991 | 1649510 |
| antigenic analysis of feline coronaviruses with monoclonal antibodies (mabs): preparation of mabs which discriminate between fipv strain 79-1146 and fecv strain 79-1683. | we prepared 31 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against either fipv strain 79-1146 or fecv strain 79-1683, and tested them for reactivity with various coronaviruses by indirect fluorescent antibody assay (ifa). sixteen mabs which reacted with all of the 11 strains of feline coronaviruses, also reacted with canine coronavirus (ccv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). in many of them, the polypeptide specificity was the recognition of transmembrane (e1) protein of the virus. we succeeded i ... | 1991 | 1653482 |
| a golgi retention signal in a membrane-spanning domain of coronavirus e1 protein. | the e1 glycoprotein from an avian coronavirus is a model protein for studying retention in the golgi complex. in animal cells expressing the protein from cdna, the e1 protein is targeted to cis golgi cisternae (machamer, c. e., s. a. mentone, j. k. rose, and m. g. farquhar. 1990. proc. natl. acad. sci. usa. 87:6944-6948). we show that the first of the three membrane-spanning domains of the e1 protein can retain two different plasma membrane proteins in the golgi region of transfected cells. both ... | 1991 | 1655802 |
| activation of bpv-1 replication in vitro by the transcription factor e2. | soluble extracts from uninfected murine cells supplemented with purified viral e1 and e2 proteins support the replication of exogenously added papilloma virus dna. the e2 transactivator stimulates the binding of the e1 replication protein to the minimal origin of replication and activates dna replication. these results support the concept that transcription factors have a direct role in the initiation of dna replication in eukaryotes by participating in the assembly of a complex at the origin of ... | 1991 | 1656277 |
| intranuclear distribution of epstein-barr virus-encoded nuclear antigens ebna-1, -2, -3 and -5. | epstein-barr virus (ebv)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (lcls) express at least seven virally encoded proteins. their functional role, and their relationships to each other and to normal nuclear constituents are virtually unknown. as the first step towards a topographical study, the intranuclear distribution of ebv-encoded nuclear antigens ebna-1, -2, -3 and -5 (abbreviated e1, e2 etc.) was examined in ebv-transformed lcls by immunofluorescence and digital image analysis of fluorescence p ... | 1991 | 1658016 |
| genomic structure of the human prototype strain h of hepatitis c virus: comparison with american and japanese isolates. | genomic rna from the human prototype strain h of the hepatitis c virus (hcv-h) has been molecularly cloned and sequenced. the hcv-h sequence reported consists of 9416 nucleotides including the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. hcv-h shows 96% amino acid identity with the american isolate hcv-1 but only 84.9% with the japanese isolates hcv-j and hcv-bk. in addition to the hypervariable region (region v) previously identified in the putative e2 domain, three other variable domains were identified: r ... | 1991 | 1658800 |
| induction of nad(p)h:quinone reductase in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. | the induction of quinone reductase [qr; nad(p)h:(quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase; ec 1.6.99.2] in cultured cells and animal tissues of rodents has provided useful information on mechanisms of protection against carcinogens. we have developed a simple and efficient microtiter plate assay for the direct measurement of qr basal activity and inducibility in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (unstimulated, mitogen-stimulated and epstein-barr virus-transformed) grown in suspension culture. in these ... | 1991 | 1660793 |
| sequence analysis of the putative structural genes of hepatitis c virus from japanese and european origin. | cdna fragments encoding the putative structural genes of the hepatitis c genome were isolated from a plasma pool of japanese non-a, non-b hepatitis patients and from sera of individual spanish patients. from the japanese plasma pool a series of e1 clones was obtained that showed 88-98% homology among each other, both at the nucleotide and amino acid level. compared to the sequences published by the chiron corporation and takeuchi et al., the amino acid homology was 75-79% and 91-94%, respectivel ... | 1991 | 1668328 |
| hepatitis c virus (hcv)-rna in non-a, non-b chronic hepatitis in france. nucleotide sequence of a french hcv isolate. | the sera of 36 french patients with post-transfusional and sporadic non-a, non-b (nanb) chronic hepatitis were investigated, with a combination of serological and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays, for hbv and hcv infections. eighty-nine percent of the patients were found positive with serological and/or molecular tests. among the positive patients, 68% (22/32) were found positive for both anti-hcv and hcv-rna, 16% (5/32) and 16% (5/32) were found positive only for anti-hcv or hcv-rna, resp ... | 1991 | 1668329 |
| characterization and reactivity of monoclonal antibodies to the miller strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine. | hybridomas secreting monoclonal (mab) to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) were produced by fusion of sp2/0 myeloma cells and splenic lymphocytes of balb/c mice immunized with the virulent cell-passaged miller strain of tgev. the mab secreted by these hybridomas were partially characterized; 4 of them (ma4, ma5, mh11, mb2) had high-neutralization titer for tgev. the remaining 7 (mc6, md9, me5, mg5, mf2, me9, mg7) did not neutralize tgev at 1:25 dilution. all 4 neutralizing and 2 of the ... | 1990 | 1689128 |
| pathogenesis of encephalitis induced in newborn mice by virulent and avirulent strains of sindbis virus. | strains of sindbis virus differ in their virulence for mice of different ages; this variation is related in large part to variations in the amino acid compositions of e1 and e2, the surface glycoproteins. the comparative pathogenesis of sindbis virus strains which are virulent or avirulent for newborn mice has not been previously examined. we have studied the diseases caused by a virulent wild-type strain, ar339, and two less virulent laboratory strains, toto1101 and hrsp (hr small plaque). afte ... | 1990 | 1691310 |
| a monoclonal antibody to ly-6 gene product inhibits generation of functionally active t cells and recognizes single antigenic specificity whose expression is up-regulated in virus-transformed rat fibroblast. | in order to elucidate the relationship between the structure and function of proteins encoded for by the ly-6 gene complex, a cdna was constructed for a ly-6.2 specificity and then monoclonal antibodies (mab) generated to bacterially synthesized protein. the addition of one of these mab, designated pb-19, inhibited the proliferative response of t cells to concanavalin a (con a) or major histocompatability complex (mhc) alloantigens. reactivity of pb-19 to the ly-6 specificity was blocked by a kn ... | 1990 | 1692303 |
| studies on the role of linear epitopes in neutralization of alphaviruses. | by using three synthetic peptides (16-19 amino acids in length) representing different regions of glycoproteins e1 (peptide 3) and e2 (peptides 1 and 2) of sindbis and semliki forest virus and isolated glycoprotein fractions of both viruses in reduced and non-reduced form, the role of linear epitopes for the neutralization was investigated. the reaction patterns of sera induced by immunization with these antigens indicate that conformational epitopes do play the major role in neutralization of a ... | 1990 | 1694615 |
| a conformational change in sindbis virus glycoproteins e1 and e2 is detected at the plasma membrane as a consequence of early virus-cell interaction. | a conformational change in the structure of sindbis (sb) virus was detected after virion attachment to baby hamster kidney cells but before internalization. the alteration was manifested as increased virion binding of certain glycoprotein e1 and e2 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognized transitional epitopes. these epitopes were inaccessible to mab on native virions but became accessible to their cognate mabs in the early stages of infection. transit of virions through a low-ph compartment ... | 1990 | 1695253 |
| variants of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus that resist neutralization define a domain of the e2 glycoprotein. | stable neutralization (n) escape variants of venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus were selected by anti-e2 glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that neutralize viral infectivity, block viral hemagglutination, and passively protect mice. the nucleotide sequence of the e1, e2, and e3 genes of four variants revealed a clustering of single mutations in a domain spanning e2-182 to e2-207. the conformation of this short linear sequence affects antigenicity in the n domain because reduction ... | 1990 | 1695412 |
| [monoclonal antibodies cross-reacting with the tick-borne encephalitis virus and with the venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus]. | employment of radioimmunoassay led to the demonstration of serological crossing between tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus and venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee) virus. using hybridoma technology, three hybridomas were produced secreting monoclonal antibodies (mab) cross-reacting with these two viruses. with mab, the epitope of binding of these antibodies was shown to be located on protein e of tbe virus and protein e1 of vee virus. despite the low percentage (14%) of homology of amino a ... | 1990 | 1699359 |
| the e1 functional epitope of the human interferon gamma is a nuclear targeting signal-like element. mapping of the e1 epitope. | eight neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the human interferon gamma (huifn-gamma) that were classified in the e1 epitope group were mapped by the synthetic peptide approach. a set of 136 octapeptide homologs of the 143-residue primary sequence of the huifn-gamma, each one with a 7-residue sequence overlap with successive peptide, was synthesized. based on the similar reactivity patterns of all the mabs with this set of synthetic peptides, the e1 functional epitope was loc ... | 1991 | 1706709 |
| novel non-nucleoside inhibitors of hiv-1 reverse transcriptase. 1. tricyclic pyridobenzo- and dipyridodiazepinones. | novel pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepinones (i), pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepinones (ii), and dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepinones (iii) were found to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase in vitro at concentrations as low as 35 nm. in all three series, small substituents (e.g., methyl, ethyl, acetyl) are preferred at the lactam nitrogen, whereas slightly larger alkyl moieties (e.g., ethyl, cyclopropyl) are favored at the other (n-11) diazepinone nitrogen. ... | 1991 | 1712395 |
| monoclonal antibody-defined epitope map of expressed rubella virus protein domains. | an expanded library of murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was generated by infecting balb/c mice with the therien strain of rubella virus (rv) and selecting secreting hybrids by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using purified virion targets. a panel of plasmids containing specified rv cdna fragments was also constructed by using a variety of strategies with pge374- and pge374-derived expression vectors. hybrid reca-rv-beta-galactosidase (lacz)- or reca-rv-truncated lacz-containing prot ... | 1991 | 1712855 |
| identification of antigenically important domains in the glycoproteins of sindbis virus by analysis of antibody escape variants. | to study important epitopes on glycoprotein e2 of sindbis virus, eight variants selected to be singly or multiply resistant to six neutralizing monoclonal antibodies reactive against e2, as well as four revertants which had regained sensitivity to neutralization, were sequenced throughout the e2 region. to study antigenic determinants in glycoprotein e1, four variants selected for resistance to a neutralizing monoclonal antibody reactive with e1 were sequenced throughout the e2 and e1 regions. a ... | 1991 | 1714515 |
| specific interaction between hpv-16 e1-e4 and cytokeratins results in collapse of the epithelial cell intermediate filament network. | the human papillomaviruses (hpv) are associated specifically with epithelial lesions, ranging from benign warts to invasive carcinoma. the virus encodes three late proteins, which are produced only in terminally differentiating keratinocytes, two of which are structural components of the virion. the third, e1-e4, is derived primarily from the e4 open reading frame, which represents a region of maximal divergence between different hpv types. e1-e4 does not seem to be a component of the virus part ... | 1991 | 1715519 |
| use of a lambda gt11 expression library to localize a neutralizing antibody-binding site in glycoprotein e2 of sindbis virus. | the sindbis virus envelope contains two species of integral membrane glycoproteins, e1 and e2. these proteins form heterodimers, and three dimeric units assemble to form spikes incorporated into the viral surface which play an important role in the specific attachment of sindbis virus to host cells. to map the neutralization epitopes on the surface of the virus, we constructed a lambda gt11 expression library with cdna inserts 100 to 300 nucleotides long obtained from randomly primed synthesis o ... | 1991 | 1719239 |
| [study of the antigenic structure of the e1 glycoprotein of the venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus using monoclonal antibodies]. | the collection of eight rat and mouse hybridomas secreting the high affinity monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein e1 of the venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis has been obtained. the antigenic structure of e1 protein has been studied with the use of these antibodies for the strains trinidad, tc-83 and 230 of the virus. antigenic map of glycoprotein e1 based on competition radioimmunoanalysis is proposed. five sites are mapped including eight epitopes binding monoclonal antibodies. antibodies to ... | 1991 | 1719387 |
| studies on linear epitopes of semliki forest virus in protection studies against lethal challenge virus infection. | purified reduced and non-reduced glycoproteins e1 and e2 of semliki forest virus (sfv) were used to investigate the protection potency to prevent clinical disease after lethal virus challenge. in parallel synthetic oligopeptides deduced from conserved regions of the nucleotide sequences coding for the glycoproteins e1 and e2 were included. it could be demonstrated that both reduced and non-reduced glycoprotein preparations induced protection against lethal virus challenge, whereas the oligopepti ... | 1991 | 1719714 |
| investigation of antigenic structure of attenuated and virulent venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus by means of monoclonal antibodies. | a comparative study of the antigenic structure of virulent strains and attenuated vaccine strains of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (veev) by means of monoclonal antibodies has made it possible to investigate the antigenic structure of the envelope glycoproteins e1 and e2, and to specify their role in the development of antiviral immunity. on the e1 glycoprotein there are five nonoverlapping antigenic sites consisting of eight epitopes that are recognized by monoclonal antibodies; six ... | 1991 | 1726775 |
| asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of semliki forest virus grown in mosquito cells. | the structure of the n-linked oligosaccharides of semliki forest viral glycoproteins produced in infected mosquito cells (c6/36) was investigated by biosynthetic labeling, enzymic deglycosylation using endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases h, d, f/glycopeptidase f, exoglycosidase and analysis of the sugars on concanavalin a-sepharose columns and by gel filtration chromatography. the results demonstrated that the glycoproteins decorating the virus shed from infected cells have n-linked glycans with ... | 1992 | 1729985 |
| membrane fusion process of semliki forest virus. ii: cleavage-dependent reorganization of the spike protein complex controls virus entry. | the envelope of the semliki forest virus (sfv) contains two transmembrane proteins, e2 and e1, in a heterodimeric complex. the e2 subunit is initially synthesized as a precursor protein p62, which is proteolytically processed to the mature e2 form before virus budding at the plasma membrane. the p62 (e2) protein mediates binding of the heterodimer to the nucleocapsid during virus budding, whereas e1 carries the entry functions of the virus, that is, cell binding and low ph-mediated membrane fusi ... | 1992 | 1730759 |
| induction of an organ-specific autoimmune disease, lymphocytic hypophysitis, in hamsters by recombinant rubella virus glycoprotein and prevention of disease by neonatal thymectomy. | glycosylated, membrane-associated e1 (58-kda) and e2 (47- to 49-kda) rubella virus proteins and unglycosylated nucleoprotein c (33 kda), from separately expressed vaccinia virus recombinants, were injected into golden syrian hamsters. rubella virus e1 and e2 glycoproteins consistently induced an organ-specific autoimmune disease, autoimmune lymphocytic hypophysitis, which was evidenced by the induction of autoantibodies against pituitary cells and by lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary. ne ... | 1992 | 1731100 |
| reactivity of a recombinant rubella e1 antigen expressed in e. coli. | the e1 nucleic acid sequence of rubella virus strain judith (rj) has been cloned into an e. coli expression vector lb03. the reactivity of the expressed unglycosylated antigen (e1j) was compared with its glycosylated counterpart in native virus (rj) using rabbit and human sera. rabbit antisera raised against rj and e1j reacted differently with wild type, rj (laboratory strain) and ra27/3 (vaccine virus) strains in a kinetic neutralisation test. reciprocally, human post ra27/3 vaccination sera we ... | 1992 | 1731700 |
| diagnostic potential of baculovirus-expressed rubella virus envelope proteins. | the envelope glycoproteins e1 and e2 of rubella virus were abundantly expressed in spodoptera frugiperda sf9 insect cells by using a baculovirus expression vector. the recombinant protein products were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and enzyme immunoassay (eia). the purified recombinant antigen consisted of the envelope polypeptides, corresponding to the viral e1 and e2 proteins, and a poly ... | 1991 | 1774311 |
| recombinant baculoviruses expressing yellow fever virus e and ns1 proteins elicit protective immunity in mice. | recently, we showed that yellow fever virus (yfv) e and ns1 proteins in spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus are similar, if not identical to those produced during yfv infection. to study the role of e and ns1 in the induction of protective immunity against fatal yfv challenge, these viral antigens were expressed either alone or in tandem via recombinant baculoviruses ac-e. ns1, ac-e1 and ac-ns1. swiss mice were immunized with lysates of insect cells infected with ... | 1991 | 1834798 |
| variable and hypervariable domains are found in the regions of hcv corresponding to the flavivirus envelope and ns1 proteins and the pestivirus envelope glycoproteins. | based on the flavi- and pestivirus model of genome organization for the hepatitis c virus (hcv) (1-5), the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the putative envelope (e1) and the junction between the e1 and ns1/envelope 2 (e2) region from six different human isolates of hcv were compared with the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the prototype hepatitis c virus (hcv-1) (5). the overall percentage of nucleotide and amino acid changes among all six isolates, including hcv- ... | 1991 | 1846505 |
| detection of alphaviruses in a genus-specific antigen capture enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies. | a genus-specific antigen capture assay using similar combinations of monoclonal antibodies for capture and detection of 24 alphaviruses belonging to the seven serocomplexes was developed. the sensitivity of the test ranged from 10(3.4) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml for o'nyong-nyong virus to 10(6.1) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml for middelburg virus. the antigen capture test uses a combination of cross-reacting monoclonal antibodies directed against the nucleocapsid protein and e ... | 1991 | 1847149 |
| protein-protein interactions in an alphavirus membrane. | using homobifunctional chemical cross-linkers with various span distances, we have determined the near-neighbor associations and planar organization of the e1 and e2 envelope glycoproteins which compose the icosahedral surface of sindbis virus. we have found that e1-e2 heterodimers, which form the virus protomeric units, exist in two conformationally distinct forms, reflecting their nonequivalent positions in the icosahedron. three of these heterodimers form the trimeric morphologic units (capso ... | 1991 | 1847448 |
| proteolytic processing of the sindbis virus membrane protein precursor pe2 is nonessential for growth in vertebrate cells but is required for efficient growth in invertebrate cells. | we have shown previously that processing of the sindbis virus envelope protein precursor pe2 to envelope protein e2 is not required for virus maturation in cultured vertebrate fibroblast cells and that unprocessed pe2 can be incorporated into infectious virus in place of e2 (j. f. presley and d. t. brown, j. virol. 63:1975-1980, 1989; d. l. russell, j. m. dalrymple, and r. e. johnston, j. virol. 63:1619-1629, 1989). to better understand the role of this processing event in the invertebrate vecto ... | 1991 | 1848310 |
| a mutant cho-k1 strain with resistance to pseudomonas exotoxin a and alphaviruses fails to cleave sindbis virus glycoprotein pe2. | rpe.40, a mutant cho-k1 strain selected for resistance to pseudomonas exotoxin a, is defective in the production of infectious alphaviruses, although viruses are taken in and processed normally (j. m. moehring and t. j. moehring, infect. immun. 41:998-1009, 1983). to determine the cause of this defect, the synthesis of sindbis virus proteins was examined. rpe.40 cells produced and glycosylated structural glycoprotein precursors pe2 and immature e1 normally. mature e1 was formed, but pe2 was not ... | 1991 | 1850015 |
| live attenuated pseudorabies virus expressing envelope glycoprotein e1 of hog cholera virus protects swine against both pseudorabies and hog cholera. | to investigate whether live attenuated pseudorabies virus (prv) can be used as a vaccine vector, prv recombinants that expressed envelope glycoprotein e1 of hog cholera virus (hcv) were generated. pigs inoculated with these recombinants developed high levels of neutralizing antibodies against prv and hcv and were protected against both pseudorabies and hog cholera (classical swine fever). | 1991 | 1850051 |
| multiple sets of adjacent mu e1 and oct-1 binding sites upstream of the pseudorabies virus immediate-early gene promoter. | binding of cellular proteins to specific motifs in the promoter region of the immediate-early gene of pseudorabies virus was studied. the region was dissected into several portions that were used with hela cell nuclear proteins in mobility shift assays, dnase i footprinting, and a methylation interference assay. close to the transcription start site (nucleotide + 1) are a tata-box (-26 to -29), an sp 1-binding motif (ggggcgggc) (-45 to -54), a ccaat motif (-66 to -70), and, further upstream, an ... | 1991 | 1850904 |
| characterization of bovine papillomavirus e1 region deletion mutants associated with neoplastic transformation in a murine cell line. | spontaneous focus formation in the contact-inhibited c127 cell line, cl.2, harbouring multiple copies of a bovine papillomavirus type 1 deletion mutant, was associated with the evolution of further viral genomic deletions in addition to an amplification of the viral genome copy number. three simple frameshift deletions of 308, 605 and 1291 bp, associated with separate transformation events, were mapped within the e1 open reading frame, implying a common mechanism of spontaneous transformation in ... | 1991 | 1851818 |
| vaccinia-vectored expression of the rubella virus structural proteins and characterization of the e1 and e2 glycosidic linkages. | the maturation of rubella virus (rv) glycoprotein e2 from the single intracellular species (e2i; mw = 40 kda) to the heterodisperse virion species (e2v; mw = 42 to 47 kda), was studied by pulse-chase radiolabeling in vero cells infected with rv or with recombinant vaccinia viruses (vvs) which express the entire rv structural protein open reading frame (vv-ce2e1) or glycoprotein e2 independently (vv-e2). the rv proteins expressed by the recombinant vvs comigrated with authentic rv intracellular p ... | 1991 | 1853566 |
| [complete nucleotide sequence of the eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus genome]. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic 42s rna of eastern equine encephalitis virus has been defined for the first time. the strategy of this viral genome occurred analogous to the ones of the other alfa viruses. the comparison of amino acid sequences of e1 and e2 proteins from the two strains of the virus has revealed a number of differences. partially, they are localized in the hydrophilic regions of the protein molecules and evidently participate in organization of the specific antig ... | 1991 | 1896061 |
| membrane fusion activity of the influenza virus hemagglutinin: interaction of ha2 n-terminal peptides with phospholipid vesicles. | we have investigated the interaction of a number of synthetic 20-residue peptides, corresponding to the ha2 n-terminus of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (x31 strain), with phospholipid vesicles and monolayers. besides the wild-type sequence, two peptides were studied with mutations corresponding to those previously studied in entire ha's expressed in transfected cells [gething et al., (1986) j. cell. biol. 102, 11-23]. these mutations comprised a single glu replacement for gly at the n-termin ... | 1991 | 1931950 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis b virus in indonesia. | the s-gene sequences of hepatitis b virus (hbv) from 22 carriers in several islands of indonesia were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and xbai-spei fragments corresponding to nucleotides 93-529 (437 base pairs) in the s gene were sequenced. the 22 sequences, along with the 5 reported sequences from indonesia, were compared with each other, and with the corresponding sequences of 20 clones from other countries including china, france, great britain, japan, kenya, papua new guinea, philipp ... | 1991 | 1932671 |
| isolation of a candidate repressor/activator, nf-e1 (yy-1, delta), that binds to the immunoglobulin kappa 3' enhancer and the immunoglobulin heavy-chain mu e1 site. | we have determined that the developmental control of immunoglobulin kappa 3' enhancer (kappa e3') activity is the result of the combined influence of positive- and negative-acting elements. we show that a central core in the kappa e3' enhancer is active at the pre-b-cell stage but is repressed by flanking negative-acting elements. the negative-acting sequences repress enhancer activity in a position- and orientation-independent manner at the pre-b-cell stage. we have isolated a human cdna clone ... | 1991 | 1946405 |
| oligomerization of the structural proteins of rubella virus. | rubella virus contains, in addition to its rna genome, a nucleocapsid protein (c) and two membrane proteins (e2 and e1). we have studied the association of these proteins during viral assembly and when expressed from cdna constructs. the c protein was found to dimerize very shortly after synthesis; this dimer became disulfide-linked in the virion. formation of the dimer was independent of the presence of other rv proteins. the membrane glycoproteins formed an e2e1 heterodimer, a minor fraction o ... | 1991 | 1962452 |
| fate of the 6k membrane protein of semliki forest virus during virus assembly. | the semliki forest virus directs the synthesis of three virus-specific transmembrane proteins p62, 6k, and e1, which all are made in equimolar amounts from a polyprotein precursor molecule. the p62 and e1 spike proteins form heterodimeric complexes in the endoplasmic reticulum before being transported to the cell surface where virus budding occurs. in this study we show that the 6k protein becomes associated to the p62e1 complex in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported with the complex to th ... | 1991 | 1962454 |
| heterologous recombination between autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna and foreign dna in non-polyhedrin segments of the viral genome. | we used the expression vector system of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) and spodoptera frugiperda insect cells to study mechanisms of recombination in insect cells. we concentrated on the isolation and analysis of heterologous recombinants. the e1 region of human adenovirus type 2 (ad2) was inserted into regions of the acnpv genome which lacked apparent homologies to the polyhedrin region. out of a total of 122 recombinant acnpv plaques, which hybridized to ad2 dna in p ... | 1991 | 1962504 |
| [monoclonal antibodies to the karelian fever virus. the characteristics of their biological properties]. | biological properties of 6 variants of monoclonal antibodies (mab) to karelian fever virus, a member of the alpha-virus serocomplex sindbis-wee, produced by the available hybridomas. the productivity of hybridomas of the "karel" series in tissue culture and in cultivation as ascitic fluid was evaluated. among the antibodies analysed, all were specific to envelope proteins, of them 2 were against protein e2 and four against protein e1. comparison of mca biologic activity (neutralizing, antihemagg ... | 1990 | 1979458 |
| efficient in vitro translation and processing of the rubella virus structural proteins in the presence of microsomes. | in the structural protein open reading frame (sp-orf) of rubella virus (rub), the sequences for the three virion proteins occur in the order nh2-c-e2-e1-cooh with hydrophobic, consensus signal sequences preceding the amino termini for each of the two membrane proteins (t. k. frey and l. d. marr, 1988 gene 62, 85-100). in vitro translation in the presence of microsomes of rna transcripts from a plasmid containing the sp-orf resulted in production and accurate processing of the three structural pr ... | 1991 | 1984659 |
| internally located cleavable signal sequences direct the formation of semliki forest virus membrane proteins from a polyprotein precursor. | the proteolytic processes involved in the cotranslational production of the semliki forest virus proteins p62, 6k, and e1 from a common precursor polypeptide were analyzed by an in vitro translation-translocation assay. by studying the behavior of wild-type and mutant variants of the polyprotein, we show that the signal sequences responsible for membrane translocation of the 6k and e1 proteins reside in the c-terminal regions of p62 and 6k, respectively. we present evidence suggesting that the p ... | 1991 | 1985194 |
| defective transport of sindbis virus glycoproteins in end4 mutant chinese hamster ovary cells. | mutant v.24.1, a temperature-sensitive derivative of chinese hamster ovary cells, defines the end4 complementation group of mutants selected for resistance to protein toxins and has defective lysosomes at the restrictive temperature (p. a. colbaugh, m. stookey, and r. k. draper, j. cell biol. 108:2211-2219, 1989). we have investigated the biosynthesis of sindbis virus envelope glycoproteins in v.24.1 cells. when the cells were infected at the restrictive temperature, the envelope glycoproteins e ... | 1991 | 1995947 |
| mechanism of altered sindbis virus neurovirulence associated with a single-amino-acid change in the e2 glycoprotein. | the mechanism by which amino acid changes in the e1 and e2 surface glycoproteins of sindbis virus affect neurovirulence is unknown. we have studied two recombinant viruses which differ in virulence. one (te) contains gly and the other (tes) contains arg at position 172 in e2. te causes more rapid death than tes in newborn mice. both viruses replicate similarly in nonneuronal cells, but te replicates more rapidly in the brains of newborn mice and in neuroblastoma cells. te also induces earlier vi ... | 1991 | 1995953 |
| processing of the p62 envelope precursor protein of semliki forest virus. | the spike protein of semliki forest virus is composed of three subunits, e1, e2, and e3, which mediate the fusion of the virus membrane with that of the host cell. e2 and e3 are synthesized as a precursor, p62, which is cleaved post-translationally after an arg-his-arg-arg sequence. in vitro mutagenesis of a cdna clone of the spike proteins was used to specifically alter amino acids in this cleavage site. cleavage of p62 was completely blocked by mutation of the proximal arg residue to phe, with ... | 1991 | 2005112 |
| analysis of rubella virus e1 glycosylation mutants expressed in cos cells. | cdna clones encoding the envelope glycoprotein e1 of rubella virus (rv) were altered by site-directed mutagenesis at consensus sites for addition of n-linked glycans. the resulting plasmids were introduced into cos cells and the mutant e1 proteins were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence, radioimmunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting. we found that rv e1 contains three n-linked oligosaccharides, each approximately 2 kda in size. although lack of glycosylation did not appear to affect targetin ... | 1991 | 2014650 |
| characterization of carbohydrates linked to rubella virus glycoprotein e2. | rubella virus contains two envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2. the amino acid sequence for both glycoproteins is known, as is the number of n-glycosylation sites. this study has demonstrated the presence of o-linked carbohydrates bound to e2 and determined structural characteristics of the n-linked oligosaccharide chains. o-linked sugars were found to be resistant to digestion with n-glycanase but sensitive to beta-elimination with alkaline borohydride. after treatment with neuraminidase, o-linke ... | 1991 | 2016596 |
| the influence of capsid protein cleavage on the processing of e2 and e1 glycoproteins of rubella virus. | the structural polyprotein of rubella virus is cotranslationally processed by host cell signal peptidase. oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to alter the cleavage site between capsid and e2 proteins and to examine the importance of this cleavage for the transport and processing of e2 and e1 glycoproteins. the in vitro and in vivo expression of the cleavage site mutant revealed that the e2 polypeptide can cross the endoplasmic reticulum membrane without the cleavage of its signal pepti ... | 1991 | 2053296 |
| detection of rubella virus gene sequences by enzymatic amplification and direct sequencing of amplified dna. | we developed a rapid and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for detecting and identifying rubella virus (rv). a segment of the rv gene which encodes the e1 membrane glycoprotein of rv was selected as a target for pcr amplification. single-stranded viral rna, extracted from infected cells or released from virions, was used as a template for reverse transcription followed by pcr amplification with two different sets of primer pairs, one nested within the other. the amplified e1 gene s ... | 1991 | 2056062 |
| in vitro mutagenesis of a full-length cdna clone of semliki forest virus: the small 6,000-molecular-weight membrane protein modulates virus release. | we report on the construction of a full-length cdna clone of semliki forest virus (sfv). by placing the cdna under the sp6 promoter, infectious rna can be produced in vitro and used to transfect cells to initiate virus infection. to achieve efficient transfections, a new protocol for electroporation of rna was developed. this method gave up to 500-fold improvement over the traditional deae-dextran transfection procedure. since virtually 100% of the cells can be transfected by electroporation, th ... | 1991 | 2072446 |
| mutagenesis of the putative fusion domain of the semliki forest virus spike protein. | semliki forest virus (sfv), an alphavirus, infects cells via a low ph-triggered membrane fusion reaction that takes place within the cellular endocytic pathway. fusion is mediated by the heterotrimeric virus spike protein, which undergoes conformational changes upon exposure to low ph. the sfv e1 spike subunit contains a hydrophobic domain of 23 amino acids that is highly conserved among alphaviruses. this region is also homologous to a domain of the rotavirus outer capsid protein vp4. mutagenes ... | 1991 | 2072453 |
| molecular characterization of the 229e strain of human coronavirus. | human coronaviruses (hcv) cause various respiratory, gastrointestinal and possibly neurological disorders. very little is known of the molecular biology of these ubiquitous pathogens. we have undertaken the molecular characterization of the prototype 229e strain of hcv. the virus grew to the highest titers on a human embryonic lung cell line (l132) at 33 degrees c and purification was optimal on renografin-60 gradients. metabolic labeling with [35s]methionine or [3h]glucosamine or galactose and ... | 1990 | 2103105 |
| brefeldin a arrests the intracellular transport of viral envelope proteins in primary cultured rat hepatocytes and hepg2 cells. | we have studied the effect of brefeldin a (bfa) on the intracellular transport of the envelope proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and sindbis virus in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. bfa (2.5 micrograms/ml) inhibited not only the secretion of plasma proteins into the medium, but also the assembly of both g protein of vsv and e1 and e2 proteins (envelope proteins) of sindbis virus into respective virions. concomitantly, both the acquisition of endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase h resis ... | 1990 | 2105715 |
| processing and intracellular transport of rubella virus structural proteins in cos cells. | plasmids encoding rubella virus (rv) structural proteins c-e2-e1, e2-e1, e2, and e1 have been constructed in the eukaryotic expression vector pcmv5. the processing and intracellular transport of these proteins have been examined by transient expression of the cdnas in cos cells. compared to alphaviruses, processing of rv glycoprotein moieties occurred relatively slowly and the transport of glycoproteins e2 and e1 to the plasma membrane was inefficient. indirect immunofluorescence revealed that t ... | 1990 | 2117827 |
| biosynthesis, maturation, and acid activation of the semliki forest virus fusion protein. | the semliki forest virus spike protein has a potent membrane fusion activity which is activated in vivo by the low ph of endocytic vacuoles. the spike protein is composed of two transmembrane subunits, e1 and e2, plus e3, a peripheral polypeptide. acid-induced conformational changes in the e1 or e2 subunits were analyzed by using monoclonal antibodies specific for the acid-treated spike protein. e1 and e2 reacted with the antibodies after treatment of wild-type or mutant virus at the ph of fusio ... | 1990 | 2118964 |
| efficacy of cytotoxic t lymphocytes against virus-induced tumors. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) against virus-induced tumors are highly effective mediators of tumor-specific immunity in vivo. ctls bearing the surface molecule cd8 recognize small (approximately 10-amino-acid) viral peptides that are presented in association with major histocompatibility (mhc) class i molecules at the surface of tumor cells. in the case of mouse tumors induced by the early region (e1) of human adeno-virus type 5 (ad5), cloned cd8+ ctls directed against a peptide derived from th ... | 1990 | 2143919 |
| enteric adenovirus type 40: expression of e1b mrna and proteins in permissive and nonpermissive cells. | the enteric adenovirus type 40 (strain dugan) grows well in tissue culture only when the e1b 55k protein of ad5 or ad12 is supplied in trans, either constitutively expressed in an established cell line or by coinfection with an appropriate helper virus (v. mautner, n. mackay, and v. steinthorsdottir, 1989, virology 171, 619-622). the synthesis of ad40 e1b mrnas and proteins has been examined under permissive and nonpermissive conditions: at late times postinfection in permissive cells, e1b-speci ... | 1990 | 2145689 |
| cold recombinant influenza b/texas/1/84 vaccine virus (crb 87): attenuation, immunogenicity, and efficacy against homotypic challenge. | healthy susceptible young adults were inoculated intranasally with increasing doses of wild-type influenza b/texas/1/84, or the cold-adapted vaccine possessing the genes specifying the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of the wild-type parent and the six internal genes of cold adapted b/ann arbor/1/66 (crb 87). most volunteers inoculated with 10(6.6)-10(7.6) tcid50 of crb 87 were infected, but a high frequency of serum antibody responses was seen only at the highest dose (17/29; 59%). the dose of ... | 1990 | 2153185 |
| variable requirements for herpes simplex virus immediate-early proteins in the expression of the adenovirus e2 gene. | regulation of the adenovirus e2 gene by trans-activating proteins encoded by herpes simplex virus was investigated. coinfection of vero cells was performed with ad5 dl312 (an e1 deletion mutant) and either wildtype hsv, mutant virus encoding a temperature-sensitive icp4 protein (tsk), or mutants carrying deletions in the icp4 (d120) or icp0 (dl x 3.1) gene. as detected by the presence of e2 mrna, or the product of the e2 gene, 72-kda dna binding protein (dbp), functional icp4 was sufficient for ... | 1990 | 2155517 |
| resistance of human cells to the adenovirus e3 effect on class i mhc antigen expression. implications for antiviral immunity. | group c human adenovirus (ad) serotypes (e.g., ad2 and ad5) cause persistent infections in man. one proposed mechanisms to explain human adenovirus persistence is an ineffective ctl response due to reduced cell surface expression of class i mhc ag on virally infected cells, an effect mediated by the 19-kda glycoprotein encoded by ad early region 3 (e3). in the present study, the generality of this phenomenon was tested by analyzing e3 19-kda glycoprotein down-regulation of cell surface class 1 m ... | 1990 | 2156934 |
| expression of the human papillomavirus type 16 genome in sk-v cells, a line derived from a vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. | the sk-v cells, established from a premalignant vulvar lesion, contain human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) sequences integrated at a single cellular site and derive from a cell clone present in vivo. transcription of the hpv-16 genome in sk-v cells was analysed by cdna heteroduplex mapping and sequencing, and by rnase mapping. viral sequences were shown to be transcribed into virus-cell fusion messengers. the two major transcripts have a coding capacity for a truncated e6 protein, an e7 protei ... | 1990 | 2157796 |
| integrated hpv 1 genomes in a human keratinocyte cell line can be transactivated by a sv40/bpv1 recombinant virus which expresses bpv1 e2 proteins. | this paper describes studies carried out on an hpv 1 carrying human keratinocyte cell line (svd2) and two subclones of it. although these lines contain multiple copies of hpv 1 genomes, in situ hybridization revealed that integration was restricted to band q33 on the long arms of chromosome 2. an e4 1.25-kb mrna was specifically identified by northern blotting and a pcr generated cdna confirmed the presence of the e1/e4 spliced mrna which is abundant in hpv 1 containing papillomas. infection of ... | 1990 | 2158183 |
| characterization of multiple molecular interactions between human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). | in transient gene expression assays we observed an increase in expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase (cat) gene, under the transcriptional control of the hiv-1 ltr (pltr-cat), when this plasmid was cotransfected into vero or mrc-5 cells with a plasmid containing either the hcmv immediate early 1 and 2 (e1, ie2) genes (prl43a) or just the ie2 gene (pmp18). when the hcmv ie1 gene (pmp12) was cotransfected with pltr-cat into vero cells the level of measurable cat gene activ ... | 1990 | 2158700 |
| identification of monoclonal antibodies capable of differentiating antigenic varieties of eastern equine encephalitis viruses. | we have isolated and characterized 3 monoclonal antibody (mab) reagents useful in the serological identification of varieties of eastern equine encephalitis (eee) viruses. these antibodies were specific for the e1 glycoprotein of their homologous viruses. one mab, 1b5c-3, reacted specifically with all north american (na) eee viruses isolated over a 50 year period. this antigenic stability of na isolates was genetically confirmed by oligonucleotide fingerprinting. evolutionary stability is a uniq ... | 1990 | 2158755 |
| a major transcript of human papillomavirus type 16 in transformed nih 3t3 cells contains polycistronic mrna encoding e7, e5, and e1--e4 fusion gene. | we have cloned cdna of the major 1.8 kb mrna from hpv 16-transformed nih 3t3 cells (pm3t3). the entire nucleotide sequences of this cdna were determined and compared with prototype hpv 16 genomic dna sequences. the 5'-end of the cdna was flanked by approximately 300 bp of cellular sequences, and the 3'-end of the cdna sequences contained poly a residues following at nt 4230. hpv 16 sequences began at nt 124, downstream of a major viral p97 promoter, within the e6 open reading frame (orf). the fi ... | 1990 | 2161158 |
| molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of hog cholera virus strain brescia and mapping of the genomic region encoding envelope protein e1. | genomic rna of hog cholera virus (hcv) strain brescia was cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence was deduced from overlapping cdna clones and comprises 12,283 nucleotides. we cloned the complete 3' end of the hcv genome, but could not unequivocally prove that the cdna sequence also completely covers hcv rna at the 5' end. the hcv genome contained one large open reading frame, which spans the viral plus strand rna and encodes an amino acid sequence of 3898 residues with a calculated molecu ... | 1990 | 2162104 |
| vaccinia recombinants expressing early bovine papilloma virus (bpv1) proteins: retardation of bpv1 tumour development. | papillomaviruses are aetiological agents of epithelial proliferative diseases in animals and in man. it was previously demonstrated that animals inoculated with live vaccinia recombinants expressing early proteins of polyoma virus resist challenge with polyoma-tumour cells, and this approach has been extended to the development of a vaccine against papillomavirus-transformed cells. bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv1), a virus responsible for dermal lesions in cattle, is a prototype virus of the ... | 1990 | 2163573 |
| diagnostic complementary dna probes for genome segments 2 and 3 of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1. | potential diagnostic complementary dna (cdna) clones of gene segments 2 and 3 from epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1 (ehdv-1) have been produced. individual segments of ehdv-1 were isolated, denatured with methylmercury hydroxide, and polyadenylated. the polyadenylated rna was reverse-transcribed and self-hybridized into duplex structures, and the incomplete ends were repaired. the resulting product was then cloned into the plasmid vector pbr322, using the complementary tailing meth ... | 1990 | 2164331 |
| lysosomal sorting mutants of coronavirus e1 protein, a golgi membrane protein. | as a model for the intracellular sorting of golgi membrane proteins, we are studying the e1 protein of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus a59. the wild-type protein, when expressed from synthetic rna, is localised in the golgi complex. when the second and third of the three predicted membrane-spanning sequences were deleted from the protein, the resulting mutant was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. in contrast, removal of the first and second membrane-spanning sequences allowed the prot ... | 1990 | 2164517 |
| human papillomavirus type 16 dna expresses a replication modulation factor in cos-1 cells. | plasmid dna including the simian virus 40 (sv40) origin of replication undergoes uncontrolled, runaway replication in cos-1 cells owing to the intracellular production of sv40 large t antigen. covalent linkage of such plasmids with human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) dna was found to prevent runaway replication. replication control was found to be dependent on the presence of hpv-16 dna sequences including the e1 open reading frame and part of the non-coding region. | 1990 | 2167937 |
| identification of a 68-kilodalton nuclear atp-binding phosphoprotein encoded by bovine papillomavirus type 1. | e1 is the largest open reading frame (orf) of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) and is highly conserved among all papillomaviruses, maintaining its size, amino acid composition, and location in the viral genome with respect to other early genes. multiple viral replication functions have been mapped to the e1 orf of bpv-1, and evidence suggested that more than one protein was encoded by this orf. we previously identified a small protein (m) whose gene consists of two exons, one encoded by the ... | 1990 | 2168988 |
| molecular biology of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | the causative agent (tgev) of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis belongs to the coronaviridae, a family of enveloped viruses with a positive, single-stranded rna genome. important progress has recently been made concerning the molecular biology of tgev. the research work of our group has been focused on two main aspects: genome structure and functional domains of the envelope proteins. tgev genomic rna is organised into seven regions. the sequence of six of them, i.e. the 3' most 8300 nucleot ... | 1990 | 2169670 |
| proteins encoded by the bovine papillomavirus e1 open reading frame: expression in heterologous systems and in virally transformed cells. | the e1 open reading frame (orf) of bovine papillomavirus type 1 is required for the persistence of viral genomes as multicopy plasmid molecules in transformed rodent fibroblasts. e1 has been reported to contain two separate complementation groups (m and r, corresponding to n- and c-terminal domains, respectively) which regulate viral replication. however, e1 behaves as a single gene with respect to cell transformation and viral transcription. we examined the proteins translated from the entire o ... | 1990 | 2173778 |
| [a comparative analysis of the polypeptides of the the sindbis and karelian fever viruses]. | in pulse-chase experiments with karelian fever virus-infected cells, proteins were found with molecular weights of 130, 98, 78, and 62 kd of which the first, second and fourth were classified as polypeptide precursors of the structural proteins of virion. the molecular weights of proteins e1, e2 and c of 52, 47 and 34 kd, respectively, as well as isoelectric points of isolated glycoproteins (pi e1 = 6.3, pi e2 = 8.4) were similar in kfv (strain leiv-9298) and sindbis virus (strain ar339). the an ... | 1990 | 2176422 |
| analysis of properties of monoclonal antibodies to transmissible gastroenteritis virus using to-163 strain. | nineteen monoclonal antibodies (mabs), reactive in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), with porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus to-163 were obtained. of these mabs, 5 showed neutralizing (nt) activity (x 3,200 to 25,600) against to-163. one of the mabs which had nt activity showed hemagglutination inhibition activity (x 5,120) too. 14 hybridomas of polypeptide specificity against to-163 strain were developed from which 11, 2, and 1 were specific for protein e2, n, and e1, re ... | 1990 | 2176427 |
| function of semliki forest virus e3 peptide in virus assembly: replacement of e3 with an artificial signal peptide abolishes spike heterodimerization and surface expression of e1. | the semliki forest virus spike glycoproteins e1 and p62 form a heterodimeric complex in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and are transported as such to the cell surface. in the mature virus particle, the heterodimeric association of e1 and e2 (the cleavage product of p62) is maintained, but as a more labile and acid-sensitive oligomer than the e1-p62 complex. the e3 peptide forms the n-terminal part of the p62 precursor and carries the signal for the translocation of p62 into the lumen of the er. ... | 1990 | 2200886 |
| a single amino acid change in e3 of ts1 mutant inhibits the intracellular transport of sfv envelope protein complex. | at 39 degrees the envelope protein complex (e1-p62) of semliki forest virus mutant ts1 is arrested in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer). when the infected cultures are shifted to 28 degrees, the complex is transported to the cell surface. during the transport p62 is cleaved into e2 under conditions in which no virus budding takes place. we have sequenced the cdna, which encodes the envelope proteins of ts1. comparison with the respective wild-type nucleotide sequence shows only one nucleotid ... | 1990 | 2238466 |
| semliki forest virus induced cell-cell fusion at neutral extracellular ph. | semliki forest virus-induced cell-cell fusion from within was considered to exclusively occur at mildly acidic ph (less than 6.2). data of this study show that such cell fusion can also be triggered by transient acidification of the cytoplasm of infected cells at an extracellular, neutral ph. results were obtained by utilizing nh4cl pulses combined with covalent modification of cell surface proteins. the observation implies a revision of the current consensus regarding the mechanism of semliki f ... | 1990 | 2249002 |