| capsaicin-induced apoptosis of h-ras-transformed human breast epithelial cells is rac-dependent via ros generation. | many studies have focused on the anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic or chemopreventive activities of capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) which is a major pungent ingredient in red pepper. we have previously shown that capsaicin selectively induces apoptosis in h-ras-transformed mcf10a human breast epithelial cells but not in their normal cell counterparts (int. j. cancer, 103, 475-482, 2003). in this study, we investigated the possible roles of reactive oxygen species (ros) and rac1 ... | 2004 | 15460446 |
| incorporation of carotenoids from paprika oleoresin into human chylomicrons. | the intake of a carotenoid-rich diet is epidemiologically related to a lower risk for different chronic disorders like cardiovascular disease, some types of cancer or age-related macular degeneration. red pepper (capsicum annuum l.) and its dietary products contain a variety of carotenoids, which may contribute to the carotenoid pattern of human blood and tissues. the objective of the present study was to assess the availability of carotenoids from paprika oleoresin, including zeaxanthin, beta-c ... | 2003 | 12828795 |
| antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of common vegetables. | epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases. increased consumption of fruits and vegetables containing high levels of phytochemicals has been recommended to prevent chronic diseases related to oxidative stress in the human body. in this study, 10 common vegetables were selected on the basis of consumption per capita data in the united states. a more complete profile of phenolic distributions, including both free ... | 2002 | 12405796 |
| involvement of reactive oxygen species in capsaicinoid-induced apoptosis in transformed cells. | some varieties of sweet pepper accumulate non-pungent isosters of capsaicin, a type of compounds exemplified by capsiate. the only structural difference between capsaicin and capsiate is the link between the vanillyl and the acyl moieties, via an amide bond in the former and via an ester bond in the latter. by flow cytometry analyses we have determined that nor-dihydrocapsiate, a simplified analogue of capsiate, is a pro-oxidant compound that induces apoptosis in the jurkat tumor cell line. the ... | 2003 | 12868488 |
| effects of flavorings, storage conditions, and storage time on survival of staphylococcus aureus in sürk cheese. | the objectives of this study were to determine the cumulative effects of flavorings (chili pepper, thyme, mint, cumin, nutmeg, allspice, clove, cinnamon, black pepper, salt, and hot red pepper paste), storage conditions, and storage time on the survival of staphylococcus aureus in sürk cheese and to monitor the associated chemical changes. sürk cheese, a traditional turkish cheese, was produced by heating diluted nonfat yogurt and adding flavorings to the resultant acid-heat curd. the cheese was ... | 2005 | 16013393 |
| [studies on the influence of diets and lipotropic substances upon the various organs and metabolic changes in rabbits on long term feeding with red pepper. i. histopathologic changes of the liver and spleen]. | | 1963 | 14083289 |
| [studies on the influence of diets and lipotropic substances upon the various organs and metabolic changes in rabbits on long-term feeding with red pepper. ii. histopathologic changes of the various organs except the liver and spleen]. | | 1963 | 14086901 |
| constitutive expression of hrap gene in transgenic tobacco plant enhances resistance against virulent bacterial pathogens by induction of a hypersensitive response. | hypersensitive response-assisting protein (hrap) has been previously reported as an amphipathic plant protein isolated from sweet pepper that intensifies the harpin(pss)-mediated hypersensitive response (hr). the hrap gene has no appreciable similarity to any other known sequences, and its activity can be rapidly induced by incompatible pathogen infection. to assess the function of the hrap gene in plant disease resistance, the camv 35s promoter was used to express sweet pepper hrap in transgeni ... | 2002 | 12182333 |
| biosynthesis of terpenes: studies on 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(e)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase. | earlier in vivo studies showed the involvement of isph protein in the conversion of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(e)-butenyl 4-diphosphate into isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp). we have demonstrated now that cell extract of an escherichia coli strain engineered for hyperexpression of the isph (lytb) gene catalyzes the in vitro conversion of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(e)-butenyl 4-diphosphate into ipp and dmapp. the reaction requires nadh, fad, divalent cations (preferably c ... | 2002 | 12198182 |
| antioxidant systems and their relationship with the response of pepper fruits to storage at 20 degrees c. | fresh peppers (capsicum annuum l., variety california) in their green and red ripe stages were stored at 20 degrees c for 7 and 19 days to determine the effects of storage on whole fruit antioxidant capacity (taa) and ascorbate (asc) content, as well as on some antioxidant enzyme activities, such as catalase (cat), superoxide dismutase (sod), and those of the asc-glutathione cycle. at least one mn-sod, two fe-sods, and three cuzn-sods were detected in the fruit extract after native polyacrylamid ... | 2003 | 14518958 |
| [a food poisoning outbreak caused by purple washington clam contaminated with norovirus (norwalk-like virus) and hepatitis a virus]. | a party of 57 people dined together in a restaurant in hamamatsu city on december 11, 2001. the next day, 22 of them developed symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, such as diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. examination of 4 fecal specimens from these patients by elisa for norovirus (norwalk-like virus, nv) detected both genogroup i (gi) and genogroup ii (gii) nv in all the 4 specimens. in addition, rt-pcr and real-time pcr methods for nv detected the nv gene. approximately one month after the outbreak ... | 2003 | 12661084 |
| quantification of carotenoids in chicken plasma after feeding free or esterified lutein and capsanthin using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. | the present study reports about the plasma carotenoid levels of chickens achieved after feeding diets containing free and esterified lutein (from marigold) and capsanthin (from red pepper) by applying hplc analyses using a rp-c30 column. forty chickens were divided at random into four groups and were fed 2 wk with different diets after receiving a basal diet with a low carotenoid content for carotenoid depletion (3 wk). one group was fed a diet containing free lutein (g1), another group received ... | 2003 | 12705399 |
| sweet pepper ferredoxin-like protein ( pflp) gene as a novel selection marker for orchid transformation. | a novel method for selection of transgenic plants utilizing the sweet pepper ( capsicum annuum l.) ferredoxin-like protein ( pflp) gene as selection marker and erwinia carotovora as the selection agent has been developed. an expression vector containing a pflp cdna driven by a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter was successfully transformed into protocorm-like bodies of oncidium orchid by agrobacterium tumefaciens and particle bombardment, respectively. erwinia carotovora was used as a selecti ... | 2003 | 12721849 |
| cytotoxic and multidrug resistance reversal activity of a vegetable, 'anastasia red', a variety of sweet pepper. | the vegetable, anastasia red, capsicum annuum l. var. angulosum mill. (solanaceae) was successively extracted with hexane, acetone, methanol and 70% methanol, and the extracts were further separated into a total of 21 fractions by silica gel or octadecylsilane (ods) column chromatography. the biological activities of extracts and fractions were determined. these extracts showed relatively higher cytotoxic activity against two human oral tumor cell lines (hsc-2, hsg) than against normal human gin ... | 2003 | 12722138 |
| efficacy of salts against fungal diseases in glasshouse crops. | the constant input of chemical fungicides against foliar diseases in glasshouse crops has instigated research on alternative control substances. various salts have been mentioned in the literature and we have tested several bicarbonates, sulphates and phosphates against powdery mildew fungi in cucumber, tomato, sweet pepper and rose and against bremia lactucae in lettuce. the experiments were run according to eppo guidelines for efficacy in glasshouses of applied plant research (ppo). plants wer ... | 2003 | 15151280 |
| maximum tolerable dose of red pepper decreases fat intake independently of spicy sensation in the mouth. | dietary red pepper suppresses energy intake and modifies macronutrient intake. we have investigated whether a stimulus in the mouth and the sensation of spiciness are necessary for red pepper-induced changes in energy and macronutrient intake in human volunteers. in a preliminary test, sixteen japanese male volunteers tasted samples of a soup with graded doses of red pepper in order to define a moderate and a maximum tolerable (strong) dose of red pepper. on the day of the experiment, a standard ... | 2004 | 15182402 |
| the aflatoxin contamination of some pepper types sold in turkey. | in the present study, 44 red-scaled pepper and 26 red powder pepper samples obtained from various spice retailers in erzurum, and 20 isot (red pepper produced in sanliurfa) were investigated for aflatoxin contamination using thin layer chromatography. aflatoxin (b + g) was found in 8 red pepper samples (18.2%), and 3 red powder peppers (10.7%), and 1 isot sample (5%). the aflatoxin amount ranged from 1.1 to 97.5 ppb in all samples investigated. the highest amount of aflatoxin was found in red-sc ... | 2004 | 15183993 |
| involvement of nadph oxidase-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species in the apototic cell death by capsaicin in hepg2 human hepatoma cells. | although capsaicin (8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a pungent ingredient in a variety of red peppers of the genus capsicum, has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death in many cancer cells, the exact mechanism of this action of capsaicin is not completely understood. in this study, we investigated the possible mediation of the nadph oxidase-modulated production of reactive oxygen species (ros) in the apoptotic mechanism of capsaicin in hepg2 human hepatoblastoma cells. capsaicin induced apo ... | 2004 | 15190937 |
| content of toxic and essential metals in canned mussels commonly consumed in tenerife, canary islands, spain. | concentrations of three toxic heavy metals (hg, pb, cd) and six essential heavy metals (fe, zn, mn, cr, cu, ni) were determined in mussel conserves (mytilus galloprovincialis, bivalvia, mollusca) consumed habitually by individuals in tenerife (canary islands, spain). a total of 600 samples were analyzed, corresponding to six different commercial brands and four different processing types: pickled sauce (mixture of olive oil, vinegar, red pepper, laurel, and salt), coquille st. jacques sauce (coq ... | 2004 | 15270515 |
| effect of red pepper capsicum annuum var. conoides and garlic allium sativum on plasma lipid levels and cecal microflora in mice fed beef tallow. | antihyperlipidemia or hypocholesterolaemic and antibacterial activities of red hot pepper and garlic are well known. to determine the effect of the dietary spices ingested to suppress blood lipids on the intestinal condition, we examined plasma lipid levels and cecal microflora in mice that were fed diets containing 19% (w/w) beef tallow and 2% red pepper capsicum annuum var. conoides 'takanotume' (rp) or garlic allium sativum 'white' (gp) for 4-weeks. plasma triacylglyceride level was suppresse ... | 2004 | 15354321 |
| antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of milk protein-based film containing essential oils for the preservation of whole beef muscle. | milk protein-based edible films containing 1.0% (w/v) oregano, 1.0% (w/v) pimento, or 1.0% oregano-pimento (1:1) essential oils mix were applied on beef muscle slices to control the growth of pathogenic bacteria and increase the shelf life during storage at 4 degrees c. meat and film were periodically tested during 7 days for microbial and biochemical analysis. the lipid oxidation potential of meat was evaluated by the determination of thiobarbituric reactive substances (tbars). the availability ... | 2004 | 15373399 |
| renal lesions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats maintained on onion and capsaicin containing diets. | onion (allium cepa) powder and capsaicin, the pungent principle of red pepper (capsicum annum) were added in the amounts of 3 g% and 15 mg%, respectively, to the diet of streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats for 8 weeks. the presence of renal lesions was assessed by the extent and quality of proteinuria and by the leaching of renal tubular enzymes into the urine. renal integrity was assessed by measuring the activities in the kidney tissue of several key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism ... | 1999 | 15539326 |
| pharmacological effects of fermented red pepper. | the pharmacological effects were investigated of fermented red pepper (hf-s), which consisted of 14.7% carbohydrate, 1.5% lipid, 4.9% protein, 0.3% ash, 78.2% moisture content, with 0.15% capsaicin and 0.06% dihydrocapsaicin. oral administration of 0.25 ml hf-s for 3 weeks produced significant changes of the perirenal fat pad weight compared with the hf-control group, suggesting a suppressive effect on lipid accumulation and a significant decrease in the risk of arteriosclerosis. the hf-s (0.25 ... | 2004 | 15597334 |
| production of an anti-fungal substance for biological control of phytophthora capsici causing phytophthora blight in red-peppers by streptomyces halstedii. | the culture broth of streptomyces halstedii aj-7 suppressed the growth of phytophthora capsici, which causes phytophthora blight in red-peppers, with less than 1% survival of the pathogen after 12 h of treatment. the low molecular fraction (< or = 10 kda) of the culture broth retained anti-fungal activity against p. capsici after being held at 100 degrees c for 6 h. | 2005 | 15717130 |
| inhibitory effects of glycolipids fraction from spinach on mammalian dna polymerase activity and human cancer cell proliferation. | we succeeded in purifying the fraction containing the major glycolipids in monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, digalactosyl diacylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (sqdg) from dried vegetables. this glycolipids fraction was an inhibitor of dna polymerase alpha (pol alpha) in vitro and also the proliferation of human cancer cells. in this study, eight common vegetables were investigated in terms of the glycolipids fraction, the amounts of major glycolipids, mammalian dna polymerase inhibitor ... | 2005 | 16081275 |
| [cdna cloning and expression of a cytosolic small heat shock protein gene (cahsp18) from capsicum annuum]. | full length 779 bp cytosolic clsss i shsp cdna was cloned from heat-shocked sweet pepper leaves using a pcr approach with degenerate primers designed from conserved motifs found in a number of plant cytosolic clsss i shsp genes, named cahsp18. its accession number is ay284925. cahsp18 was high identified with nicotiana tabacum (fig.1). a multi-gene family was found in sweet pepper genomic dna by southern-blot analysis (fig.3). northern blot revealed that the expression of cahsp18 in sweet pepper ... | 2005 | 16121013 |
| gene stacking in phalaenopsis orchid enhances dual tolerance to pathogen attack. | cymbidium mosaic virus (cymmv) and erwinia carotovora have been reported to cause severe damage to orchid plants. to enhance the resistance of orchids to both viral and bacterial phytopathogens, gene stacking was applied on phalaenopsis orchid by double transformation. plbs originally transformed with cymmv coat protein cdna (cp) were then re-transformed with sweet pepper ferredoxin-like protein cdna (pflp) by agrobacterium tumefaciens, to enable expression of dual (viral and bacterial) disease ... | 2005 | 16145836 |
| salmonella prevalence and total microbial and spore populations in spices imported to japan. | a total of 259 samples of 40 types of spices were tested for salmonella prevalence and total microbial and spore populations. salmonella enterica serotypes weltevreden and senftenberg were isolated from a black- and red-pepper sample, respectively. because salmonella was not detected by the most-probable-number method, it indicated that at least one cell of the microorganism was present in 25 g of sample. the mean aerobic bacterial count was greater than 5.39 log cfu/g in turmeric, garam masala, ... | 2006 | 17066938 |
| bioactivities of anastasia black (russian sweet pepper). | anastasia black (russian sweet pepper) of capsicum annuum l. var. angulosum mill. (solanaceae) was successively extracted with hexane, acetone, methanol and 70% methanol, and the extracts were further separated into a total of twenty-three fractions by silica gel or octadecylsilane (ods; c18) column chromatography. these extracts and fractions were investigated for their cytotoxicity, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), anti-helicobacter pylori (h. pylori), urease inhibition and multidrug r ... | 2005 | 16158935 |
| chilling and cultivar type affect the diversity of bacterial endophytes colonizing sweet pepper (capsicum anuum l.). | a climate chamber experiment was conducted to assay the effect of low temperatures (chilling) on the diversity of bacteria colonizing the endospheres of two thermophilic sweet pepper (capsicum anuum l.) cultivars, milder spiral and ziegenhorn bello. structural diversity was analyzed by 16s rrna-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis and by the generation of 16s rrna gene libraries to determine dominant community members in t-rflp profiles. cultivable community ... | 2006 | 17215894 |
| identification of a male-produced aggregation pheromone in the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. | two major components have been detected in the headspace volatiles of adult male frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) that are not present in the headspace volatiles of adult females. the compounds were identified as (r)-lavandulyl acetate and neryl (s)-2-methylbutanoate by comparison with synthetic standards using gas chromatography (gc), gc mass spectrometry (ms), and chiral gc. field trials were conducted with synthetic compounds in naturally infested crops of sweet ... | 2005 | 16222777 |
| some fungal endophytes from vegetable crops and their anti-oomycete activities against tomato late blight. | to isolate endophytic fungi from vegetable plants and examine their in vivo anti-oomycete activity against phytophthora infestans in tomato plants. | 2007 | 17309513 |
| peroxisomes from pepper fruits (capsicum annuum l.): purification, characterisation and antioxidant activity. | pepper is a vegetable of importance in human nutrition. currently, one of the most interesting properties of natural products is their antioxidant content. in this work, the purification and characterisation of peroxisomes from fruits of a higher plant was carried out, and their antioxidative enzymatic and non-enzymatic content was investigated. green and red pepper fruits (capsicum annuum l., type lamuyo) were used in this study. the analysis by electron microscopy showed that peroxisomes from ... | 2003 | 14717445 |
| effects of sesamin and capsaicin on the mrna expressions of delta6 and delta5 desaturases in rat primary cultured hepatocytes. | sesamin, a lignan in sesame seeds and sesame seed oil, and capsaicin, the pungent principle of hot red pepper, affect lipid metabolism. sesamin specifically inhibits delta5 desaturase activity in the mortierella alpina fungus and rat liver microsomes, however, the effects of sesamin and capsaicin on mrna expressions of delta6 and delta5 desaturases are not still clear. in this study, we investigated the effects of sesamin and capsaicin on the desaturation indexes of delta6 [(gamma-linolenic acid ... | 2003 | 14974737 |
| acaricidal activity of plant essential oils against dermanyssus gallinae (acari: dermanyssidae). | the acaricial activity of 56 plant essential oils against poultry house-collected adult dermanyssus gallinae de geer was examined using direct contact and fumigation methods. in a filter paper contact bioassay, 100% mortality at 0.07 mgcm-2 was observed in bay, cade, cinnamon, clove bud, coriander, horseradish, lime dis 5f, mustard, pennyroyal, pimento berry, spearmint, thyme red and thyme white oils, whereas the mortality of these oils was significantly decreased at 0.02 mgcm-2. in fumigation t ... | 2004 | 15063940 |
| apoptosis induction by dohevanil, a dha substitutive analog of capsaicin, in mcf-7 cells. | capsaicin (8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a major pungent ingredient in a variety of red peppers of the genus capsicum, is a type of vanilloid. it has been shown to induce apoptosis in many cell types. the effects of vanilloids on apoptosis induction are thought to be correlated with the length and degree of the unsaturation of the fatty acyl chains. in this study, we compared the effect of capsaicin and its docosahexaenoic acid (dha, c22:6) analog (we named as dohevanil) on human breast can ... | 2006 | 16260002 |
| qualitative and quantitative variation among volatile profiles induced by tetranychus urticae feeding on plants from various families. | many plant species are known to emit herbivore-induced volatiles in response to herbivory. the spider mite tetranychus urticae koch is a generalist that can feed on several hundreds of host plant species. volatiles emitted by t. urticae-infested plants of 11 species were compared: soybean (glycine max), golden chain (laburnum anagyroides), black locust (robinia pseudo-acacia), cowpea (vigna unguiculata), tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), eggplant (solanum melalonga), thorn apple (datura stramonium), ... | 2004 | 15074658 |
| ralstonia solanacearum strains from martinique (french west indies) exhibiting a new pathogenic potential. | we investigated a destructive pathogenic variant of the plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum that was consistently isolated in martinique (french west indies). since the 1960s, bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops in martinique has been caused primarily by strains of r. solanacearum that belong to either phylotype i or phylotype ii. since 1999, anthurium shade houses have been dramatically affected by uncharacterized phylotype ii strains that also affected a wide range of species, such as helico ... | 2007 | 17720825 |
| effects of agricultural practices on color, carotenoids composition, and minerals contents of sweet peppers, cv. almuden. | consumers demand organic products because they believe they are more flavorful and respectful to the environment and human health. the effects of conventional, integrated, and organic farming, grown in a controlled greenhouse, on color, minerals, and carotenoids of sweet pepper fruits ( capsicum annuum), cv. almuden, were studied. experimental results proved that organic farming provided peppers with the highest (a) intensities of red and yellow colors, (b) contents of minerals, and (c) total ca ... | 2007 | 17822289 |
| effect of aphid-infested plants on the host location and learning behaviour of the parasitoid aphelinus abdominalis. | aphelinus abdominalis dalman (hymenoptera: aphelinidae) is a generalist parasitoid of cereal (e.g. sitobion avenae) and greenhouse aphids (e.g. macrosiphum euphorbiae). it differs from aphidius spp. (hymenoptera: braconidae) by its robust constitution, longevity and its habit to use aphids not only as hosts for its progeny but also as prey (host feeding). in addition, a. abdominalis does not evoke aphidius-characteristic defence responses by attacked aphids as this wasp approaches its hosts very ... | 2003 | 15149107 |
| capsaicin-induced cell death in a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line. | capsaicin, a pungent ingredient found in red pepper, has long been used in spices, food additives, and drugs. cell death induced by the binding of capsaicin was examined in a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (ags cells). | 2005 | 16419151 |
| hydrolysis of zeaxanthin esters by carboxyl ester lipase during digestion facilitates micellarization and uptake of the xanthophyll by caco-2 human intestinal cells. | zeaxanthin (zea) and lutein are the only dietary carotenoids that accumulate in the macular region of the retina and lens. it was proposed that these carotenoids protect these tissues against photooxidative damage. few plant foods are enriched in zea, and information about the bioavailability of zea from these foods and its accumulation in ocular tissues is limited. the amounts of free zea and its mono- and diesters were measured for several plant foods that have relatively high concentrations o ... | 2006 | 16484529 |
| overexpression of cahsp26 in transgenic tobacco alleviates photoinhibition of psii and psi during chilling stress under low irradiance. | a sweet pepper cdna clone, cahsp26 encoding the chloroplast (cp)-localized small heat shock protein (shsp), was isolated and characterized with regard to its sequence, response to various temperatures and function in transgenic tobacco plants. the deduced amino acid sequence contained three highly conserved regions, showing high identities with other plant shsps. expression of the cahsp26 gene showed that the mrna accumulation of cahsp26 was induced by heat stress. higher transcript levels were ... | 2007 | 16513207 |
| capsaicin, a component of red peppers, inhibits the growth of androgen-independent, p53 mutant prostate cancer cells. | capsaicin is the major pungent ingredient in red peppers. here, we report that it has a profound antiproliferative effect on prostate cancer cells, inducing the apoptosis of both androgen receptor (ar)-positive (lncap) and -negative (pc-3, du-145) prostate cancer cell lines associated with an increase of p53, p21, and bax. capsaicin down-regulated the expression of not only prostate-specific antigen (psa) but also ar. promoter assays showed that capsaicin inhibited the ability of dihydrotestoste ... | 2006 | 16540674 |
| dehydro-alpha-lapachone isolated from catalpa ovata stems: activity against plant pathogenic fungi. | the methanol extract of stems of catalpa ovata g don exhibits potent in vivo antifungal activity against magnaporthe grisea (hebert) barr (rice blast) on rice plants, botrytis cinerea pers ex fr (tomato grey mould) and phytophthora infestans (mont) de bary (tomato late blight) on tomato plants, puccinia recondita rob ex desm (wheat leaf rust) on wheat plants and blumeria graminis (dc) speer f. sp. hordei marchal (barley powdery mildew) on barley plants. an antifungal substance was isolated and i ... | 2006 | 16550502 |
| growth inhibitory effects of kimchi (korean traditional fermented vegetable product) against bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus. | kimchi is a unique korean traditional vegetable product that is fermented by lactic acid bacteria (lab) and is mainly consumed as a side dish with boiled rice. its main ingredients are brined chinese cabbage, red pepper powder, and fermented fish sauce, and these are combined with many spices such as garlic, green onion, ginger, and some seaweed. the relationship between the concentration of lab or the ph and the growth of three gram-positive foodborne pathogens (bacillus cereus, listeria monocy ... | 2008 | 18326182 |
| organic acids, sugars, and l-tryptophane in exudates of vegetables growing on stonewool and their effects on activities of rhizosphere bacteria. | the influence of stonewool substrate on the exudation of the major soluble carbon nutrients and of the auxin precursor tryptophane for pseudomonas biocontrol agents was studied. to this end, the composition of the organic acids and sugars, as well that of tryptophane, of axenically collected exudates of seed, seedlings, and roots of tomato, cucumber, and sweet pepper was determined. the major results were as follows. i) the total amount of organic acid is much higher than that of total sugar. ii ... | 2006 | 16570655 |
| antiobesity effect of kochujang (korean fermented red pepper paste) extract in 3t3-l1 adipocytes. | kochujang (korean fermented red pepper paste) is a mixture of fermented soybeans, wheat, and red pepper powder. kochujang has been reported to reduce body fat gain and lipid levels of adipose tissues and serum in rats. we studied the inhibitory effect of kochujang on lipid accumulation and investigated the molecular mechanism of the action in 3t3-l1 adipocytes by measuring the expression levels of adipocyte-specific genes by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. when 3t3-l1 ... | 2006 | 16579723 |
| capsaicin and gastric ulcers. | in recent years, infection of the stomach with the organism helicobacter pylori has been found to be the main cause of gastric ulcers, one of the common ailments afflicting humans. excessive acid secretion in the stomach, reduction in gastric mucosal blood flow, constant intake of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids), ethanol, smoking, stress etc. are also considered responsible for ulcer formation. the prevalent notion among sections of population in this country and perhaps in others i ... | 2006 | 16621751 |
| identification of a novel cys2/his2-type zinc-finger protein as a component of a spermine-signaling pathway in tobacco. | in a previous work, we identified a cys(2)/his(2)-type zinc-finger transcription repressor, (zft1), that functions in a spermine-mediated signal transduction pathway in tobacco plants. database search disclosed the presence of another cys(2)/his(2)-type zinc-finger protein zfp1 (accession number aac06243) in tobacco plants. in this work, we characterized zfp1 and investigated whether this protein is also involved in a spm-signaling pathway. this factor showed the highest identity to petunia zpt2 ... | 2007 | 16882456 |
| capsaicinol: synthesis by allylic oxidation and its effect on trpv1-expressing cells and adrenaline secretion in rats. | capsaicinol is an ingredient of hot red pepper. in this study, we developed a novel method for capsaicinol synthesis and examined capsaicinol's physiological effects on capsaicin receptor (trpv1)-related actions. allylic oxidation of capsaicin by palladium acetate (pd(oac)(2)) resulted in the formation of (+/-)-capsaicinol acetate at a 7.2% yield in a single step. the effectiveness of (+/-)-capsaicinol in trpv1 activation (ec(50)=1.1 microm) was found to be weaker than that of capsaicin (ec(50)= ... | 2006 | 16926503 |
| capsaicin induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human esophagus epidermoid carcinoma ce 81t/vgh cells through the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and ca2+ productions and caspase-3 activation. | capsaicin (n-vanillyl-8-methyl-1-nonenamide) is found in pungent fruits, especially in red pepper. many studies have focused on the anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic or chemopreventive activities of capsaicin. however, the effects of capsaicin on human esophagus epidermoid carcinoma cells have never been investigated. in this study, we investigated the effects of capsaicin on esophagus epidermoid carcinoma cells in vitro and further examined the molecular mechanisms of capsaicin-induced apoptosis ... | 2006 | 16942782 |
| new constituents of sweet capsicum annuum l. fruits and evaluation of their biological activity. | four new acyclic diterpene glycosides named capsianosides (1-4), together with 12 known compounds, were isolated from the fresh sweet pepper fruits of capsicum annuum l., a plant used as a vegetable food, spice, and external medicine. the chemical structures of new natural compounds, as well as their absolute configurations, were established by means of spectroscopic data including infrared, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and by chemica ... | 2006 | 17002415 |
| qualitative analysis of mdr-reversing anastasia black (russian black sweet pepper, capsicum annuum, solanaceae) extracts and fractions by hplc and lc-ms-ms methods. | in earlier experiments, the mdr (multidrug resistance)-reversal activities of anastasia black (russian black sweet pepper) extracts had been analysed. recently, the most effective mdr reversing extracts and fractions have been separated by hplc (high-performance liquid chromatography, for carotenoids) and lc-ms-ms (hplc combined with mass spectrometry, for phenolic compounds) methods. as a result of the analytical studies, the following flavonoids had been identified: feruloyl glucopyranoside, q ... | 2006 | 17091773 |
| capsicum ethanol extracts and capsaicin enhance interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma production in cultured murine peyer's patch cells ex vivo. | we investigated the effects of red pepper (capsicum annuum lin.) extracts (capsicum extract) and its main pungent capsaicin on t helper 1 (th1) and 2 (th2) cytokine production in cultured murine peyer's patch (pp) cells in vitro and ex vivo. direct administration of capsicum extract (1 and 10 mug/ml) and capsaicin (3 and 30 mum) resulted in suppression of interleukin (il)-2, interferon (ifn)-gamma, il-4 and il-5 production. in an ex vivo experiment using pp cells removed from the mice after oral ... | 2007 | 17306834 |
| activity of some aminoglycoside antibiotics against true fungi, phytophthora and pythium species. | to investigate the in vitro antifungal and antioomycete activities of some aminoglycosides against true fungi and phytophthora and pythium species and to evaluate the potential of the antibiotics against phytophthora late blight on plants. | 2005 | 16162234 |
| final report on the safety assessment of capsicum annuum extract, capsicum annuum fruit extract, capsicum annuum resin, capsicum annuum fruit powder, capsicum frutescens fruit, capsicum frutescens fruit extract, capsicum frutescens resin, and capsaicin. | capsicum-derived ingredients function as skin-conditioning agents--miscellaneous, external analgesics, flavoring agents, or fragrance components in cosmetics. these ingredients are used in 19 cosmetic products at concentrations as high as 5%. cosmetic-grade material may be extracted using hexane, ethanol, or vegetable oil and contain the full range of phytocompounds that are found in the capsicum annuum or capsicum frutescens plant (aka red chiles), including capsaicin. aflatoxin and n-nitroso c ... | 2007 | 17365137 |
| effect of temperature on life history of aphidius colemani and aphidius matricariae (hymenoptera: braconidae), two parasitoids of aphis gossypii and myzus persicae (homoptera: aphididae). | the performance of two aphid parasitoids, aphidius colemani viereck and aphidius matricariae (haliday), against aphis gossypii glover on greenhouse cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and myzus persicae (sulzer) on sweet pepper (capsicum annuum l.) were evaluated at various constant temperatures. biological parameters of both parasitoids including developmental time, pupal survivorship, percentage of parasitism, and sex ratio of the progeny were studied at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees c. at 2 ... | 2007 | 17445360 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of bacillus cereus in dried red pepper in korea. | bacillus cereus is a foodborne spore-forming bacterial pathogen that is ubiquitous in the natural environment. infections with this pathogen manifest as diarrheal or emetic types of food poisoning. in this study, 140 samples of dried red pepper purchased in korea were assayed for the presence of b. cereus according to the u.s. food and drug administration standard culture method. a multiplex pcr assay was developed for the rapid confirmation of b. cereus as an alternative to conventional biochem ... | 2007 | 17477261 |
| capsaicin is a novel blocker of constitutive and interleukin-6-inducible stat3 activation. | capsaicin, a constituent of green and red peppers, has been linked with suppression of tumorigenesis through a mechanism that is not well understood. because the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) has been closely linked with tumorigenesis, we investigated the effect of this vanilloid on the stat3 pathway in human multiple myeloma cells. | 2007 | 17505005 |
| attraction of phytoseiulus persimilis (acari: phytoseiidae) towards volatiles from various tetranychus urticae-infested plant species. | plants infested with the spider mite tetranychus urticae koch, may indirectly defend themselves by releasing volatiles that attract the predatory mite phytoseiulus persimilis athias-henriot. several plants from different plant families that varied in the level of spider mite acceptance were tested in an olfactometer. the predatory mites were significantly attracted to the spider mite-infested leaves of all test plant species. no differences in attractiveness of the infested plant leaves were fou ... | 2002 | 17598305 |
| expression of the hypersensitive response-assisting protein in arabidopsis results in harpin-dependent hypersensitive cell death in response to erwinia carotovora. | active defense mechanisms of plants against pathogens often include a rapid plant cell death known as the hypersensitive cell death (hcd). hypersensitive response-assisting protein (hrap) isolated from sweet pepper intensifies the harpin(pss)-mediated hcd. here we demonstrate that constitutive expression of the hrap gene in arabidopsis results in an enhanced disease resistance towards soft rot pathogen, e. carotovora subsp. carotovora. this resistance was due to the induction of hcd since differ ... | 2005 | 16270229 |
| impact of food disinfection on beneficial biothiol contents in vegetables. | in this work we investigated the impact of food disinfection on the beneficial biothiol contents in a suite of vegetables consumed daily, including spinach, green bean, asparagus, cucumber, and red pepper. four disinfection technologies commonly studied and/or used in food processing and preservation, including hydrogen peroxide, free chlorine, and gaseous- and aqueous-phase ozone, were examined with common dosages and contact times. results indicate that the common disinfection technologies may ... | 2005 | 16332139 |
| gibberellins-producing rhizobacteria increase endogenous gibberellins content and promote growth of red peppers. | the growth of red pepper plants was enhanced by treatment with the rhizobacterium, bacillus cereus mj-1. red pepper shoots showed a 1.38-fold increase in fresh weight (fw) and roots showed a 1.28-fold fw gain. this plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (pgpr) has been reported to produce gibberellins (gas). other gas-producing rhizobacteria, bacillus macroides cj-29 and bacillus pumilus cj-69, also enhanced the fw of the plants. they were less effective than b. cereus mj-1, though. the endogenou ... | 2005 | 16410767 |
| bacterial endophytes contribute to abiotic stress adaptation in pepper plants (capsicum annuum l.). | endophytes are nonpathogenic plant-associated bacteria that can play an important role in plant vitality and may confer resistance to abiotic or biotic stress. the effects of 5 endophytic bacterial strains isolated from pepper plants showing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity were studied in sweet pepper under in vitro conditions. four of the strains tested showed production of indole acetic acid. plant growth, osmotic potential, free proline content, and gene expression were m ... | 2007 | 18026213 |
| capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin-like compound, inhibits angiogenesis and vascular permeability via a direct inhibition of src kinase activity. | capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin analogue, and its dihydroderivative dihydrocapsiate are the major capsaicinoids of the nonpungent red pepper cultivar ch-19 sweet. in this study, we report the biological actions and underlying molecular mechanisms of capsiate on angiogenesis and vascular permeability. in vitro, capsiate and dihydrocapsiate inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf)-induced proliferation, chemotactic motility, and capillary-like tube formation of primary cultured human e ... | 2008 | 18172315 |
| isotopic discrimination as a tool for organic farming certification in sweet pepper. | organic farming is a form of agriculture that excludes the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and genetically modified organisms. these fertilizers have been traditionally overused in conventional farming to avoid lost revenue, but this often not does not take into account the potential contamination of aquifers and river due to nitrate leaching. transition to organic farming practices could provide an instrument to reduce contamination and increase potential income. it is difficult to de ... | 2008 | 18178891 |
| determination of aflatoxin b(1) levels in deep-red ground pepper (isot) using immunoaffinity column combined with elisa. | deep-red ground pepper, a variety of red ground pepper, is a special spices belonging to sanliurfa and consumed both in sanliurfa and other provinces of turkey. the aim of this study was to determine the aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1)) levels of deep-red ground pepper. for this purpose, 75 samples of deep-red ground pepper (isot) marketed in sanliurfa (turkey) were purchased from bazaars and herbal shops. the occurrence and concentration range of afb(1) in the samples were investigated by microtitre pla ... | 2008 | 18276054 |
| capsaicin modulates pulmonary antioxidant defense system during benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung cancer in swiss albino mice. | the effect of a pungent ingredient of red pepper, capsaicin, on oxidative stress induced changes in the antioxidant defense system by benzo(a)pyrene in the lungs of mice was studied. oral gavage administration of benzo(a)pyrene (50 mg/kg body weight) to mice led to a marked increase in oxidative stress indicated by alterations in pulmonary lipid peroxidation, enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-s-transferase and glucose ... | 2008 | 18338764 |
| anti-inflammatory effects of red pepper (capsicum baccatum) on carrageenan- and antigen-induced inflammation. | inflammation is a pivotal component of a variety of diseases, such as atherosclerosis and tumour progression. various naturally occurring phytochemicals exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and are considered to be potential drug candidates against inflammation-related pathological processes. capsicum baccatum l. var. pendulum (willd.) eshbaugh (solanaceae) is the most consumed species in brazil, and its compounds, such as capsaicinoids, have been found to inhibit the inflammatory process. however ... | 2008 | 18380920 |
| capsaicin induces apoptosis and terminal differentiation in human glioma a172 cells. | capsaicin (8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), the major pungent ingredient of red pepper, has been reported to possess anti-carcinogenic and anti-mutagenic activities. in this study, the effects of capsaicin on human glioblastoma a172 cells were investigated. treatment of a172 cells with capsaicin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis through down-regulation of bcl-2 and activation of caspase-3. interestingly, synergistic induction of morphological alternation was observed when a172 cells ... | 2008 | 18405923 |
| host-range characterization of two pratylenchus coffeae isolates from brazil. | two isolates of pratylenchus coffeae were collected from coffee roots (in marília, são paulo state, brazil) and aglaonema (in rio de janeiro city, rio de janeiro state, brazil) and maintained in the laboratory on alfalfa callus. twenty-four plants were tested in the greenhouse to characterize the host preference of these isolates. the host ranges of the isolates differed from each other and, interestingly, coffee, banana, and citrus were not among the better hosts of either isolate. rather, sorg ... | 2002 | 19265921 |
| beneficial influence of capsaicin on lipid peroxidation, membrane-bound enzymes and glycoprotein profile during experimental lung carcinogenesis. | this study was designed to examine the impact of a principal component of hot red peppers and chilli peppers, capsaicin, on alterations in lipid peroxidation, membrane-bound enzyme profiles and glycoprotein levels during benzo(a)pyrene (bp)-induced lung cancer in swiss albino mice. bp (50 mgkg(-1)) induced deleterious changes that were that revealed by alterations in lipid peroxidation, membrane-bound enzyme (na+/k+ atpase, ca2+ atpase and mg2+ atpase) activity, levels of total protein and prote ... | 2008 | 18498718 |
| [survival of salmonella in spices and growth in cooked food]. | contamination of spices with pathogens has been reported worldwide, and salmonella might result in foodborne infections. in this study, we investigated the survival of salmonella in black pepper and red pepper, and the growth of the surviving salmonella in cooked food. salmonella enteritidis, salmonella weltevreden and salmonella senftenberg were inoculated into spices, and their survival during storage was examined. in black pepper, s. enteritidis was no longer viable after storage for 28 days, ... | 2008 | 18503241 |
| evaluation of the predatory mite, neoseiulus californicus, for spider mite control on greenhouse sweet pepper under hot arid field conditions. | the efficacy of neoseiulus californicus (a generalist predatory mite) for the biological control of tetranychus urticae, was compared to release of phytoseiulus persimilis (a specialist predatory mite) and an acaricide treatment in sweet pepper plants grown in greenhouse tunnels in a hot and arid climate. to ensure uniform pest populations, spider mites were spread on pepper plants in two seasons; a natural infestation occurred in one season. predators were released prophylactically and curative ... | 2008 | 18584132 |
| 'escentric' molecules. | can a fragrance be revolutionary? in this commentary, the creation of two unusual, extravagant fine fragrances, 'escentric01' and 'molecule01', is described. in response to the fantasy components found in release notes of many recent perfume launches, both center around a single real fragrance raw material, the transparent woody aroma chemical 'iso e super' (1+2). the perfume 'escentric01' contains 65% of it, accompanied by trisamber (3), red pepper, lime oil, incense and musks, while 'molecule0 ... | 2008 | 18618401 |
| hla-b27 subtypes in patients with spondylarthropathies, ige levels against some allergens and their relationship to the disease parameters. | in suitable genetic backgrounds, some exogenous and/or endogenous antigens may cause spa. in this study, we investigated hla b27 subtypes and its relationship to some allergens and clinical findings in a group of spa patients. forty-eight patients (19f, 29m) with spa (27 with ankylosing spondylitis, 5 with reactive arthritis, 15 undifferentiated and 1 with psoriatic arthritis) were included to the study. hla-b alleles have been assessed using the lipa (line probe assay) reverse hybridization pri ... | 2009 | 19750986 |
| [analytical method for carbamate pesticides in processed foods by lc/ms/ms]. | a rapid analytical method for the simultaneous determination of carbamate pesticides in processed foods was established by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (lc/ms/ms). the pesticides were extracted from samples with acetonitrile using accelerated solvent extract equipment, except for the fine powder type spices, which were extracted in an ultrasonic bath. the crude extract was cleaned up with a multi-solvent gpc column (shodex asahipak gf-310 hq) using acetonitrile as ... | 2008 | 18633196 |
| characterization of acc deaminase gene in pseudomonas entomophila strain ps-pjh isolated from the rhizosphere soil. | the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase cleaves the ethylene precursor acc into alpha-ketobutyrate and ammonia. the decreased level of ethylene allows the plant to be more resistant to a wide environmental stress including plant pathogens. in the present study, we characterized the acc deaminase activity of a pseudomonas entomophila strain ps-pjh isolated from the red pepper rhizosphere region of red pepper grown at jinan, korea. the isolate produced 23.8 +/- 0.4 micromol of ... | 2010 | 20082369 |
| overexpression of sweet pepper glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene enhanced thermotolerance of photosynthetic apparatus in transgenic tobacco. | in order to investigate the relationship between the lipid composition in thylakoid membrane and thermostability of photosynthetic apparatus, tobacco transformed with sweet pepper sense glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (gpat) gene were used to analyze the lipid composition in thylakoid membrane, the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under high temperature stress. the results showed that the saturated extent of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (mgdg), sulfoquinovosyl ... | 2008 | 18713430 |
| the n protein of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is associated with the induction of programmed cell death (pcd) in capsicum chinense plants, a hypersensitive host to tswv infection. | in sweet pepper, the tsw gene, originally described in capsicum chinense, has been widely used as an efficient gene for inducing a hypersensitivity response (hr) derived tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) resistance. since previously reported studies suggested that the tswv-s rna mutation(s) are associated with the breakdown of tsw mediated tswv resistance in peppers, the tswv genes n (structural nucleocapsid protein) and ns(s) (non-structural silencing suppressor protein) were cloned into a potat ... | 2008 | 18722487 |
| quantitative determination of capsaicin, a transient receptor potential channel vanilloid 1 agonist, by liquid chromatography quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry: evaluation of in vitro metabolic stability. | capsaicin is the most abundant pungent molecule present in red peppers and it is widely used for food flavoring, in pepper spray in self-defense devices and more recently in ointments for the relief of neuropathic pain. capsaicin is a selective agonist of transient receptor potential channel, vanilloid subfamily member 1. a selective and sensitive quantitative method for the determination of capsaicin by lc-esi/ms/ms was developed. the method consisted of a protein precipitation extraction follo ... | 2009 | 18816461 |
| dihydrocapsaicin (dhc), a saturated structural analog of capsaicin, induces autophagy in human cancer cells in a catalase-regulated manner. | although capsaicin, a pungent component of red pepper, is known to induce apoptosis in several types of cancer cells, the mechanisms underlying capsaicin-induced cytotoxicity are unclear. here, we showed that dihydrocapsaicin (dhc), an analog of capsaicin, is a potential inducer of autophagy. dhc was more cytotoxic than capsaicin in hct116, mcf-7 and wi38 cell lines. capsaicin and dhc did not affect the sub-g(1) apoptotic peak, but induced g(0)/g(1) arrest in hct116 and mcf-7 cells. dhc caused t ... | 2008 | 18818525 |
| capsaicin prevents ethanol-induced teratogenicity in cultured mouse whole embryos. | prenatal exposure to alcohol promotes the level of reactive oxygen species within embryos and results in developmental disorders. in this study, we investigated the effect of capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), the major pungent ingredient in red peppers, on ethanol-induced teratogenicity in mouse embryos (embryonic days 8.5-10.5). in response to ethanol administration (1.0 microl/ml), developmental parameters such as yolk sac circulation, allantois, heart, hindbrain, midbrain, f ... | 2008 | 18926900 |
| resistance enhancement of transgenic tomato to bacterial pathogens by the heterologous expression of sweet pepper ferredoxin-i protein. | abstract expression of a foreign gene to enhance plant disease resistance to bacterial pathogens is a favorable strategy. it has been demonstrated that expressing sweet pepper ferredoxin-i protein (pflp) in transgenic plants can enhance disease resistance to bacterial pathogens that infect leaf tissue. in this study, pflp was applied to protect tomato (lycopersicon esculentum cv. cherry cln1558a) from the root-infecting pathogen, ralstonia solanacearum. independent r. solanacearum resistant t(1) ... | 2007 | 18943629 |
| effect of microclimate on leveillula taurica powdery mildew of sweet pepper. | abstract sweet pepper-leveillula taurica microclimate relations were studied under controlled conditions and in commercial greenhouses. conidial germination occurred at 10 to 37 degrees c and was optimal at 20 degrees c. conidial viability declined as temperatures increased to 40 degrees c for 6 h. leaf colonization was optimal at 15 to 25 degrees c. severe leaf infections occurred at 15 to 20 degrees c and conidiation was suppressed at 20 to 25 degrees c. highest germination rates were observed ... | 2007 | 18943930 |
| capsaicin induces heme oxygenase-1 expression in hepg2 cells via activation of pi3k-nrf2 signaling: nad(p)h:quinone oxidoreductase as a potential target. | capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a major pungent ingredient of red pepper, is reported to have antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. however, the mechanisms underlying its chemoprotective effects remain largely unresolved. in the present study, we found that capsaicin induced expression of heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) in hepg2 cells. capsaicin treatment resulted in a transient increase in the phosphorylation of akt and subsequently nuclear translocation of nf-e2-related fa ... | 2007 | 17979524 |
| toxicity studies of genetically modified plants: a review of the published literature. | according to the information reported by the who, the genetically modified (gm) products that are currently on the international market have all passed risk assessments conducted by national authorities. these assessments have not indicated any risk to human health. in spite of this clear statement, it is quite amazing to note that the review articles published in international scientific journals during the current decade did not find, or the number was particularly small, references concerning ... | 2007 | 17987446 |
| capsaicin, a component of red peppers, induces expression of androgen receptor via pi3k and mapk pathways in prostate lncap cells. | in this study, capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) induced an increase in the cell viability of the androgen-responsive prostate cancer lncap cells, which was reversed by the use of the trpv1 antagonists capsazepine, i-rtx and sb 366791. in further studies we observed that capsaicin induced a decrease in ceramide levels as well as akt and erk activation. to investigate the mechanism of capsaicin action we measured androgen (ar) receptor levels. capsaicin induced an increase in the ... | 2009 | 19059400 |
| [simulation model on the formation of greenhouse sweet pepper leaf area index]. | leaf area index (lai) is one of the most important crop parameters in photosynthesis-driving crop growth simulation model and canopy evapotranspiration simulation model, while air temperature and radiation are the important climate factors affecting crop leaf growth. in this paper, experiments with different sweet pepper (capsicum annuum l.) cultivars and sowing dates were conducted in greenhouse to quantitatively analyze the relationships of the number of unfolding leaves per plant, the number ... | 2008 | 19123367 |
| a foodborne outbreak of cryptosporidium hominis infection. | foodborne outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis are uncommon. in denmark human cases are generally infrequently diagnosed. in 2005 an outbreak of diarrhoea affected company employees near copenhagen. in all 99 employees were reported ill; 13 were positive for cryptosporidium hominis infection. two analytical epidemiological studies were performed; an initial case-control study followed by a cohort study using an electronic questionnaire. disease was associated with eating from the canteen salad bar on ... | 2009 | 19134228 |
| capsaicin-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer mcf-7 cells through caspase-independent pathway. | capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a significant pungent ingredient in a variety of red peppers of the genus capsicum, is a type of vanilloid. it has been shown to exert biological activities (anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic and chemopreventive) in many cancer cell lines. it was found that capsaicin induces dose-dependent growth inhibition of mcf-7 cells, which does not express caspase-3. in this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of capsaicin-induced apoptosis in mc ... | 2009 | 19212624 |
| effects of neolignans from the stem bark of magnolia obovata on plant pathogenic fungi. | to characterize antifungal principles from the methanol extract of magnolia obovata and to evaluate their antifungal activities against various plant pathogenic fungi. | 2009 | 19245403 |
| kochujang, a korean fermented red pepper plus soybean paste, improves glucose homeostasis in 90% pancreatectomized diabetic rats. | red pepper and soybeans have been reported to modulate energy and glucose metabolism. however, the antidiabetic effect of kochujang, the fermented product of red pepper plus soybeans, has not been studied. we examined whether kochujang affected insulin secretion from beta-cells and/or peripheral insulin resistance in 90% pancreatectomized diabetic rats fed high-fat diets. | 2009 | 19251395 |
| capsaicin-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma hepg2 cells. | capsaicin, a pungent ingredient of red pepper, has been reported to possess antitumor activities. in this study, the effects of capsaicin on human hepg2 cells were investigated. capsaicin reduced viability by pi incorporation in hepg2 cells in a dose and time dependent manner. capsaicin promoted intracellular ca2+ production and reactive oxygen species (ros). the alpha psi(m) significantly decreased after capsaicin treatment for 24 h. co-treatment of hepg2 cells with capsaicin and bapta (an intr ... | 2009 | 19331147 |
| prevalence and toxigenic profiles of bacillus cereus isolated from dried red peppers, rice, and sunsik in korea. | bacillus cereus is a spore-forming foodborne pathogen responsible for diarrheal and emetic types of food poisoning. intoxication is caused by various enterotoxins or by emetic toxin. because of its widespread presence and the ability to form heat-stable endospores in a relatively short time, b. cereus has been difficult to control. in this study, 21 rice and 36 sunsik (a mixture of powdered raw grains) samples were examined for the prevalence of b. cereus. a multiplex pcr assay was used to evalu ... | 2009 | 19343947 |
| pepper chat fruit viroid: biological and molecular properties of a proposed new species of the genus pospiviroid. | in autumn 2006, a new disease was observed in a glasshouse-grown crop of sweet pepper (capsicum annuum l.) in the netherlands. fruit size of the infected plants was reduced up to 50%, and plant growth was also slightly reduced. here we show that the disease is caused by a previously non-described viroid. the pepper viroid is transmitted by both mechanical inoculation and pepper seeds and, when inoculated experimentally, it infects several solanaceous plant species inducing vein necrosis and redu ... | 2009 | 19442691 |
| effect of nisin (nisaplin) on the growth of listeria monocytogenes in karashi-mentaiko (red-pepper seasoned cod roe). | the influence of nisaplin, which contains 2.5% nisin, on the growth of listeria monocytogenes in karashi-mentaiko (red-pepper seasoned cod roe) was investigated. the mics of nisaplin for l. monocytogenes (10(8) cfu/ml) were measured; seven isolates showed a value of 1,600 microg/ml and one isolate showed a value of 800 microg/ml. all l. monocytogenes isolates had a mic of 800 microg/ml at 10(6) cfu/ml. the number of l. monocytogenes in karashi-mentaiko stored at 4 degrees c was decreased by nisa ... | 2009 | 19745585 |
| capsaicin induces apoptosis through ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction. | capsaicin is an active component of red pepper having an antiproliferative effect in a variety of cancer cells, which recent evidence suggests due to its ability to induce apoptosis. however, the molecular mechanisms through which capsaicin induces apoptosis are not well understood. here we demonstrate that capsaicin-induced apoptosis is mediated via the inhibition cellular proteasome function. treatment of capsaicin to mouse neuro 2a cells results in the inhibition of proteasome activity in a d ... | 2010 | 20069556 |
| toward a quarter century of pathogen-derived resistance and practical approaches to plant virus disease control. | the concept of pathogen-derived resistance (pdr) describes the use of genetic elements from a pathogen's own genome to confer resistance in an otherwise susceptible host via genetic engineering [j. theor. biol. 113 (1985) 395]. illustrated with the bacteriophage qbeta in escherichia coli, this strategy was conceived as a broadly applicable approach to engineer resistance against pathogens. for plant viruses, the concept of pdr was validated with the creation of tobacco plants expressing the coat ... | 2010 | 20109666 |