| development and characterization of fourteen novel microsatellite markers for the chestnut short-tailed fruit bat (carollia castanea), and cross-amplification to related species. | rapid anthropogenic land use change threatens the primary habitat of the chestnut short-tailed bat (carollia castanea) throughout much of its range. information on population genetic structure can inform management strategies for this widespread frugivorous bat, and effective protection of c. castanea will also benefit the more than 20 mutualistic plant species of which this bat is the primary seed disperser. to facilitate understanding of population genetic structure in this species, fourteen n ... | 2016 | 27688969 |
| social grooming in bats: are vampire bats exceptional? | evidence for long-term cooperative relationships comes from several social birds and mammals. vampire bats demonstrate cooperative social bonds, and like primates, they maintain these bonds through social grooming. it is unclear, however, to what extent vampires are special among bats in this regard. we compared social grooming rates of common vampire bats desmodus rotundus and four other group-living bats, artibeus jamaicensis, carollia perspicillata, eidolon helvum and rousettus aegyptiacus, u ... | 2015 | 26445502 |
| phyllostomid bat microbiome composition is associated to host phylogeny and feeding strategies. | the members of the phyllostomidae, the new-world leaf-nosed family of bats, show a remarkable evolutionary diversification of dietary strategies including insectivory, as the ancestral trait, followed by appearance of carnivory and plant-based diets such as nectarivory and frugivory. here we explore the microbiome composition of different feeding specialists: insectivore macrotus waterhousii, sanguivore desmodus rotundus, nectarivores leptonycteris yerbabuenae and glossophaga soricina, and frugi ... | 2015 | 26042099 |
| neotropical bats from costa rica harbour diverse coronaviruses. | bats are hosts of diverse coronaviruses (covs) known to potentially cross the host-species barrier. for analysing coronavirus diversity in a bat species-rich country, a total of 421 anal swabs/faecal samples from costa rican bats were screened for cov rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) gene sequences by a pancoronavirus pcr. six families, 24 genera and 41 species of bats were analysed. the detection rate for cov was 1%. individuals (n = 4) from four different species of frugivorous (artibeus ja ... | 2015 | 25653111 |
| nutritional content of bat-consumed fruits in a forest fragment in southern brazil. | the state park mata dos godoy has 42 identified bat species, among which 21 are frugivorous and belong to the phyllostomidae family. current study investigated the concentrations of carbohydrate, lipid and protein in fruits consumed by artibeus lituratus, carollia perspicillata and sturnira lilium to understand their potential differentiated food preferences. the sampling effort it was from april/2013 to march/2014. animals captured in mist nets were identified in the field and maintained in cot ... | 2016 | 27533724 |
| olfaction in the fruit-eating bats artibeus lituratus and carollia perspicillata: an experimental analysis. | studies suggest that frugivorous bats search and select fruit mainly by olfaction so that they can be attracted by smell alone. the aim of this study was to evaluate, in captivity, the behavioural response (number of foraging attempts) of artibeus lituratus and carollia perspicillata offered essential oils extracted from ripe fruit of ficus insipida (moraceae) and piper hispidum (piperaceae) as well as intact fruit wrapped in gauze to attract bats with reduced visual stimuli. based on previous r ... | 2015 | 26536853 |
| metapopulation in bats of southern brazil. | the purpose was to show that displacements, promoters of genetic diversity in metapopulations, increase the probability of survival of bat species adapted to medium and long-distance flights. samples were taken in four forest fragments, distributed in three municipalities in northern paraná, and the maximum distance between the studied areas is 20 km. a monthly sampling was performed for each fragment, for the period of july 2008 to june 2009. we used eight nets for collection which remained ope ... | 2012 | 22990833 |
| effects of anthropogenic disturbance and climate on patterns of bat fly parasitism. | environmental conditions, including anthropogenic disturbance, can significantly alter host and parasite communities. yet, our current knowledge is based mainly on endoparasites, while ectoparasites remain little studied. we studied the indirect effects of anthropogenic disturbance (human population density) and climate (temperature, precipitation and elevation) on abundance of highly host-specific bat flies in four neotropical bat species across 43 localities in venezuela. we formulated a set o ... | 2012 | 22829953 |
| speed-dependent modulation of wing muscle recruitment intensity and kinematics in two bat species. | animals respond to changes in power requirements during locomotion by modulating the intensity of recruitment of their propulsive musculature, but many questions concerning how muscle recruitment varies with speed across modes of locomotion remain unanswered. we measured average muscle recruitment intensity (aemg) for pectoralis major and biceps brachii at different flight speeds in two relatively distantly related bat species: the aerial insectivore eptesicus fuscus, and the primarily fruit eat ... | 2017 | 28235906 |
| claustrum of the short-tailed fruit bat, carollia perspicillata: alignment of cellular orientation and functional connectivity. | the claustrum is a gray-matter structure that underlies neocortex and reciprocates connections with cortical and subcortical targets. in lower mammals, the claustrum is directly adjacent to neocortex, making the definition of claustral boundaries challenging. latexin, an endogenous inhibitor of metallocarboxypeptidases, localizes to claustral cells, enabling a clear delineation of claustrum. given its proportionately large claustrum, we hypothesized that the short-tailed fruit bat, carollia pers ... | 2017 | 28206685 |
| vocal sequences suppress spiking in the bat auditory cortex while evoking concomitant steady-state local field potentials. | the mechanisms by which the mammalian brain copes with information from natural vocalization streams remain poorly understood. this article shows that in highly vocal animals, such as the bat species carollia perspicillata, the spike activity of auditory cortex neurons does not track the temporal information flow enclosed in fast time-varying vocalization streams emitted by conspecifics. for example, leading syllables of so-called distress sequences (produced by bats subjected to duress) suppres ... | 2016 | 27976691 |
| do young carollia perspicillata (chiroptera: phyllostomidae) present higher infestation rates of streblidae (diptera)? | ecological aspects related to parasitism are one of the less studied issues in parasitology research, and the scarce evidence available supports that younger specimens present higher infestation rates. the purpose of this work is to establish if higher infestation rates are observed in nursing females and their young captured inside their roost. bats were captured inside a shelter located in rppn estação veracel, santa cruz de cabrália, bahia state, brazil. a total of 56 individuals of carollia ... | 2012 | 22990835 |
| alternative reproductive tactics and reproductive success in male carollia perspicillata (seba's short-tailed bat). | the use of alternative reproductive tactics (arts) is widespread in animals. males of some species may change tactics depending on age, body condition and social environment. many bat species are polygynous where a fraction of males only have access to fertile females. for polygynous bats, knowledge of the reproductive success of males using different arts is scarce, and it remains unclear how age of males is related to switching decisions between social statuses. we studied a large captive popu ... | 2016 | 27442591 |
| spatial pattern of genetic diversity and selection in the mhc class ii drb of three neotropical bat species. | although bats are natural reservoirs of many pathogens, few studies have been conducted on the genetic variation and detection of selection in major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes. these genes are critical for resistance and susceptibility to diseases, and host-pathogen interactions are major determinants of their extensive polymorphism. here we examined spatial patterns of diversity of the expressed mhc class ii drb gene of three sympatric neotropical bats, carollia perspicillata and de ... | 2016 | 27782798 |
| morphophysiology and ultrastructure of the male reproductive accessory glands of the bats carollia perspicillata, glossophaga soricina and phyllostomus discolor (chiroptera: phyllostomidae). | the male reproductive accessory glands (rags) are important organs that contribute to the secretion of different substances that composed the ejaculate. despite this important function, their composition, anatomy and function vary widely between species. thus, the rags of three species of phyllostomid bats were morphologically and ultrastructurally characterized and compared in this study. the rags of the three analyzed species are composed of a prostate and a pair of bulbourethral glands (bg). ... | 2016 | 27425652 |
| the electrocardiogram signal of seba's short-tailed bat, carollia perspicillata. | a number of studies have successfully used electrocardiogram (ecg) signals to characterize complex physiological phenomena such as associative learning in bats. however, at present, no thorough characterization of the structure of ecg signals is available for these animals. the aim of the present study was to quantitatively characterize features of the ecg signals in the bat species carollia perspicillata, a species that is commonly used in neuroethology studies. our results show that the ecg si ... | 2016 | 27283857 |
| distress vocalization sequences broadcasted by bats carry redundant information. | distress vocalizations (also known as alarm or screams) are an important component of the vocal repertoire of a number of animal species, including bats, humans, monkeys and birds, among others. although the behavioral relevance of distress vocalizations is undeniable, at present, little is known about the rules that govern vocalization production when in alarmful situations. in this article, we show that when distressed, bats of the species carollia perspicillata produce repetitive vocalization ... | 2016 | 27277892 |
| ectoparasites of bats (mammalia: chiroptera) in atlantic forest fragments in north-eastern brazil. | in brazil, most studies involving parasites of bats (bat flies) treat the mid-west, south-east, and south of the country. this work aimed to characterize the ectoparasites community associated with bats in the atlantic forest in the state of sergipe, north-eastern brazil. sampling was conducted between january and june 2013 in the serra de itabaiana national park (pnsi) and between november 2013 and june 2015 in the wildlife refuge mata do junco (rvsmj). parasitological indexes were determined, ... | 2016 | 27220964 |
| modification of sperm quality after sexual abstinence in seba's short-tailed bat, carollia perspicillata. | in polygynous mating systems, few males have stable access to sexual mates. with an expected higher copulation rate, harem males may deplete seminal fluids or increase epididymal sperm maturation, generating poor sperm quality. in a first study, we reported a higher sperm quality in sneaker males of carollia perspicillata to test whether the lower sperm quality observed in harem males was generated by an elevated copulation rate, we temporarily removed males of both social statuses from the colo ... | 2016 | 27208034 |
| dental root size in bats with diets of different hardness. | the relationship between tooth roots and diet is relatively unexplored, although a logical relationship between harder diets and increased root surface area (rsa) is suggested. this study addresses the interaction between tooth morphology, diet, and bite force in small mammals, phyllostomid bats. using micro computed tomography (microct), tooth root morphology of two fruit-eating species (carollia perspicillata and chiroderma villosum) and two insect-eating species (mimon bennettii and macrotus ... | 2015 | 26011087 |
| electroejaculation and semen buffer evaluation in the microbat carollia perspicillata. | scientific interests and conservation needs currently stress the necessity to better understanding bat reproductive biology. in this study, we present the first, safe, inexpensive, and reliable method to obtain sperm from a microbat species (carollia perspicillata) by electroejaculation. this method revealed to be highly efficient (100% success rate). we obtained ejaculates composed of two characteristically different fractions. we compared three buffers and recommend using an earle's balanced s ... | 2015 | 25541424 |
| cone bipolar cells in the retina of the microbat carollia perspicillata. | we studied the retinal cone bipolar cells of carollia perspicillata, a microchiropteran bat of the phyllostomid family. microchiroptera are strongly nocturnal, with small eyes and rod-dominated retinae. however, they also possess a significant cone population (2-4%) comprising two spectral types, which are hence the basis for daylight and color vision. we used antibodies against the calcium-binding protein recoverin and the carbohydrate epitope 15 (cd15) as reliable markers for certain cone bipo ... | 2015 | 25521284 |
| retinal projections in the short-tailed fruit bat, carollia perspicillata, as studied using the axonal transport of cholera toxin b subunit: comparison with mouse. | to provide a modern description of the chiropteran visual system, the subcortical retinal projections were studied in the short-tailed fruit bat, carollia perspicillata, using the anterograde transport of eye-injected cholera toxin b subunit, supplemented by the silver-impregnation of anterograde degeneration following eye removal, and compared with the retinal projections of the mouse. the retinal projections were heavily labeled by the transported toxin in both species. almost all components o ... | 2015 | 25503714 |
| fruit secondary compounds mediate the retention time of seeds in the guts of neotropical fruit bats. | plants often recruit frugivorous animals to transport their seeds; however, gut passage can have varying effects on plant fitness depending on the physical and chemical treatment of the seed, the distance seeds are transported, and the specific site of deposition. one way in which plants can mediate the effects of gut passage on fitness is by producing fruit secondary compounds that influence gut-retention time (grt). using frugivorous bats (carollia perspicillata: phyllostomidae) and neotropica ... | 2015 | 25262120 |
| the aerodynamic cost of flight in the short-tailed fruit bat (carollia perspicillata): comparing theory with measurement. | aerodynamic theory has long been used to predict the power required for animal flight, but widely used models contain many simplifications. it has been difficult to ascertain how closely biological reality matches model predictions, largely because of the technical challenges of accurately measuring the power expended when an animal flies. we designed a study to measure flight speed-dependent aerodynamic power directly from the kinetic energy contained in the wake of bats flying in a wind tunnel ... | 2014 | 24718450 |
| the role of the olfactory recess in olfactory airflow. | the olfactory recess - a blind pocket at the back of the nasal airway - is thought to play an important role in mammalian olfaction by sequestering air outside of the main airstream, thus giving odorants time to re-circulate. several studies have shown that species with large olfactory recesses tend to have a well-developed sense of smell. however, no study has investigated how the size of the olfactory recess relates to air circulation near the olfactory epithelium. here we used a computer mode ... | 2014 | 24577441 |
| footprints of inhibition in the response of cortical delay-tuned neurons of bats. | responses of echo-delay-tuned neurons that encode target distance were investigated in the dorsal auditory cortex of anesthetized short-tailed fruit bats (carollia perspicillata). this species echolocates using short downward frequency-modulated (fm) biosonar signals. in response to fm sweeps of increasing level, 60 out of 131 studied neurons (47%) displayed a "paradoxical latency shift," i.e., longer response latency to loud sounds and shorter latency to faint sounds. in addition, a disproporti ... | 2014 | 24478161 |
| directed seed dispersal of piper by carollia perspicillata and its effect on understory plant diversity and folivory. | directed dispersal occurs when seeds are differentially deposited to sites where offspring survivorship is higher than at randomly chosen sites. traditionally, characteristics of the dispersal target sites that could increase survivorship of the dispersed plants are thought to be intrinsic to the sites. if directed dispersal is constant over extended periods of time, however, it is likely that nonrandom patterns of dispersal could modify the ecological characteristics of the target site in ways ... | 2013 | 24400496 |
| patterns of rdna and telomeric sequences diversification: contribution to repetitive dna organization in phyllostomidae bats. | chromosomal organization and the evolution of genome architecture can be investigated by physical mapping of the genes for 45s and 5s ribosomal dnas (rdnas) and by the analysis of telomeric sequences. we studied 12 species of bats belonging to four subfamilies of the family phyllostomidae in order to correlate patterns of distribution of heterochromatin and the multigene families for rdna. the number of clusters for 45s gene ranged from one to three pairs, with exclusively location in autosomes, ... | 2014 | 24368540 |
| ultrastructure of spermatogenesis in the short-tailed fruit bat, carollia perspicillata (chiroptera: phyllostomidae: carollinae). | among species of the chiroptera, spermatogenesis and the fully differentiated spermatozoa differ in morphological and ultrastructural detail. this study therefore aimed to ultrastructurally characterize the spermatogenesis and the spermatozoa of carollia perspicillata (phyllostomidae) and compare the process with other species of bats and mammals. the differentiation of spermatogonia is similar to other bats and to primates, with three main spermatogonia types: ad, ap, and b. meiotic divisions p ... | 2014 | 24142890 |
| blurry topography for precise target-distance computations in the auditory cortex of echolocating bats. | echolocating bats use the time from biosonar pulse emission to the arrival of echo (defined as echo delay) to calculate the space depth of targets. in the dorsal auditory cortex of several species, neurons that encode increasing echo delays are organized rostrocaudally in a topographic arrangement defined as chronotopy. precise chronotopy could be important for precise target-distance computations. here we show that in the cortex of three echolocating bat species (pteronotus quadridens, pteronot ... | 2013 | 24107903 |
| inflammatory challenge increases measures of oxidative stress in a free-ranging, long-lived mammal. | oxidative stress - the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ros) and neutralising antioxidants - has been under debate as the main cause of ageing in aerobial organisms. the level of ros should increase during infection as part of the activation of an immune response, leading to oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and dna. yet, it is unknown how long-lived organisms, especially mammals, cope with oxidative stress. bats are known to carry a variety of zoonotic pathogens and at the same tim ... | 2013 | 24031067 |
| new record, host and localities of bat mite of genus chirnyssoides (acari, sarcoptiformes, sarcoptidae). | chirnyssoides parasitizes the anterior and posterior edges of bat wing membranes. possibly due to a lack of studies, its distribution is believed to be restricted to a few countries of central and south america, but its actual range is probably wider. the purpose of this paper is to report the presence of chirnyssoides amazonae on the bat carollia perspicillata in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil, and to present a checklist of hosts and localities for chirnyssoides. eleven females and 22 egg ... | 2013 | 23856726 |
| highly diversified coronaviruses in neotropical bats. | bats host a broad diversity of coronaviruses (covs), including close relatives of human pathogens. there is only limited data on neotropical bat covs. we analysed faecal, blood and intestine specimens from 1562 bats sampled in costa rica, panama, ecuador and brazil for covs by broad-range pcr. cov rna was detected in 50 bats representing nine different species, both frugivorous and insectivorous. these bat covs were unrelated to known human or animal pathogens, indicating an absence of recent zo ... | 2013 | 23761408 |
| flight metabolism in relation to speed in chiroptera: testing the u-shape paradigm in the short-tailed fruit bat carollia perspicillata. | aerodynamic theory predicts that flight for fixed-wing aircraft requires more energy at low and high speeds compared with intermediate speeds, and this theory has often been extended to predict speed-dependent metabolic rates and optimal flight speeds for flying animals. however, the theoretical u-shaped flight power curve has not been robustly tested for chiroptera, the only mammals capable of flapping flight. we examined the metabolic rate of seven seba's short-tailed fruit bats (carollia pers ... | 2013 | 23430989 |
| the rod pathway of the microbat retina has bistratified rod bipolar cells and tristratified aii amacrine cells. | we studied the retinal rod pathway of carollia perspicillata and glossophaga soricina, frugivorous microbats of the phyllostomid family. protein kinase cα (pkcα) immunolabeling revealed abundant rod bipolar cells (rbcs) with axon terminals in the innermost sublamina of the inner plexiform layer (ipl), which is typical for mammals. extraordinarily, the rbc axons showed additional synaptic contacts in a second sublamina further out in the ipl. dye injections of pkcα-prelabeled rbcs of c. perspicil ... | 2013 | 23325239 |
| olfactory discrimination ability in short-tailed fruit bat,carollia perspicillata (chiroptera: phyllostomatidae). | the olfactory discrimination ability in a fruit-eating bat,carollia perspicillata, was investigated. in a food-rewarded flight training procedure, four animals were taught to choose one of two odors simultaneously presented in a three-choice apparatus.carollia chose the odor of ripe banana over that of unripe banana in a spontaneous choice test. with the same method, the bats significantly preferred undiluted banana odor compared to a dilution of 1∶ 10, but did not express a preference between u ... | 1990 | 24263430 |
| fecundity, fruiting pattern, and seed dispersal in piper amalago (piperaceae), a bat-dispersed tropical shrub. | this paper describes the nightly and seasonal production of ripe fruit by piper amalago (piperaceae), a patchily distributed, bat-dispersed forest shrub, at parque nacional santa rosa, costa rica. phenological observations over several years indicate that individuals produce a low (usually 1-3) and variable number of ripe fruit each night for 3-4 wks in the early wet season (june and july). observations of the disappearance rates of marked fruits and fruit manipulation experiments indicate that ... | 1981 | 28310307 |
| atlantic bats: a dataset of bat communities from the atlantic forests of south america. | bats are the second most diverse mammal order and they provide vital ecosystem functions (e.g., pollination, seed dispersal, and nutrient flux in caves) and services (e.g., crop pest suppression). bats are also important vectors of infectious diseases, harboring more than 100 different virus types. in the present study, we compiled information on bat communities from the atlantic forests of south america, a species-rich biome that are highly threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. atlantic ... | 2017 | 28875505 |
| high trypanosoma spp. diversity is maintained by bats and triatomines in espírito santo state, brazil. | the aim of this study was to reevaluate the ecology of an area in the atlantic forest, southeast brazil, where chagas disease (cd) has been found to occur. in a previous study, immediately after the occurrence of a cd case, we did not observe any sylvatic small mammals or dogs with trypanosoma cruzi cruzi infections, but triatoma vitticeps presented high t. c. cruzi infection rates. in this study, we investigated bats together with non-volant mammals, dogs, and triatomines to explore other possi ... | 2017 | 29176770 |
| serological evidence of arenavirus circulation among fruit bats in trinidad. | tacaribe virus (tcrv) was isolated in the 1950s from artibeus bats captured on the island of trinidad. the initial characterization of tcrv suggested that artibeus bats were natural reservoir hosts. however, nearly 60 years later experimental infections of jamaican fruit bats (artibeus jamaicensis) resulted in fatal disease or clearance, suggesting artibeus bats may not be a reservoir host. to further evaluate the tcrv reservoir host status of artibeus bats, we captured bats of six species in tr ... | 2017 | 28953976 |
| bats respond to simulated bacterial infection during the active phase by reducing food intake. | sickness triggers a series of behavioral and physiological processes collectively known as acute phase response (apr). bats are known as reservoirs of a broad variety of pathogens and the physiological changes resulting from apr activation have been tested predominantly during the resting phase (daytime) in several species exposed to lipopolysaccharide (lps). in contrast, behavioral consequences of sickness for bats and other wild mammals have received less attention. we examined the physiologic ... | 2020 | 32691525 |
| comparative study of prenatal development between myotis albescens (chiroptera: vespertilionidae) and eumops patagonicus (chiroptera: molossidae): the chorionic vesicle and extraembryonic membranes considerations. | we presented a comparative study of two species of south american bats, myotis albescens and eumops patagonicus, about prenatal development. this study was carried out using 60 specimens, which were measured and photographed, and the embryonic stage was assigned by the staging system for carollia perspicillata. we observed that the chorionic vesicle showed similarities in the disposition of the extraembryonic membranes, but they differed in characteristics of their yolk sac; in e. patagonicus, i ... | 2018 | 30312031 |
| fronto-temporal coupling dynamics during spontaneous activity and auditory processing in the bat carollia perspicillata. | most mammals rely on the extraction of acoustic information from the environment in order to survive. however, the mechanisms that support sound representation in auditory neural networks involving sensory and association brain areas remain underexplored. in this study, we address the functional connectivity between an auditory region in frontal cortex (the frontal auditory field, faf) and the auditory cortex (ac) in the bat carollia perspicillata. the ac is a classic sensory area central for th ... | 2020 | 32265670 |
| differential cellular proliferation underlies heterochronic generation of cranial diversity in phyllostomid bats. | skull diversity in the neotropical leaf-nosed bats (phyllostomidae) evolved through a heterochronic process called peramorphosis, with underlying causes varying by subfamily. the nectar-eating (subfamily glossophaginae) and blood-eating (subfamily desmondontinae) groups originate from insect-eating ancestors and generate their uniquely shaped faces and skulls by extending the ancestral ontogenetic program, appending new developmental stages and demonstrating peramorphosis by hypermorphosis. howe ... | 2020 | 32514331 |
| auditory brainstem responses in the bat carollia perspicillata: threshold calculation and relation to audiograms based on otoacoustic emission measurement. | an objective method to evaluate auditory brainstem-evoked responses (abr) based on the root-mean-square (rms) amplitude of the measured signal and bootstrapping procedures was used to determine threshold curves (see lv et al. in med eng phys 29:191-198, 2007; linnenschmidt and wiegrebe in hear res 373:85-95, 2019). the rms values and their significance for threshold determination depended strongly on the filtering of the signal. using the minimum threshold values obtained at three different low- ... | 2020 | 31853637 |
| cytoarchitecture of the medial nucleus of trapezoid body of three neotropical species of bats (noctilio leporinus, phyllostomus hastatus, and carollia perspicillata) with different foraging behavior. | the present study was taken to test the hypothesis that the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (mntb) of echolocating neotropical bats with different foraging behavior will exhibit morphological variations in relative size, degree of complexity and spatial distribution. the brains were collected from six male adult bats of each species: noctilio leporinus (fish-eating), phyllostomus hastatus (carnivorous/ omnivorous) and carollia perspicillata (fruit-eating) and were double-embedded and transv ... | 2020 | 33084736 |
| cytoarchitecture of the superior olivary complex of three neotropical species of bats (noctilio leporinus, phyllostomus hastatus and carollia perspicillata) with different foraging behavior. | the understanding of the echolocation by studying different auditory nuclei of echolocating bats can be an important link in elucidating questions arising in relation to their foraging behavior. the superior olivary complex (soc) is the primary center for processing the binaural cues used in sound localization since echo locating bats rely on acoustic cues to navigate and capture prey while in flight. the present study was taken to test the hypothesis that the soc of echolocating neotropical bat ... | 2020 | 31090816 |
| novel herpesviruses in neotropical bats and their relationship with other members of the herpesviridae family. | in the past decade, a large number of studies have detected herpesvirus sequences from many bat species around the world. nevertheless, the discovery of bat herpesviruses is geographically uneven. of the various bat species tested to date, only a few were from the new world. seeking to investigate the distribution and diversity of herpesviruses circulating in neotropical bats, we carried out molecular screening of 195 blood dna samples from 11 species of three bat families (phyllostomidae, mormo ... | 2020 | 32450245 |
| bats are a potential reservoir of pathogenic leptospira species in colombia. | bats have become an epidemiologically significant source of pathogenic microorganisms, such as leptospires, the causative agents of leptospirosis. however, little information exists about bats and their potential role as a reservoir of pathogenic leptospira spp. in colombia. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of pathogenic leptospira spp. in the kidneys of bats from the caribbean region of colombia deposited in the collection of mammals of the museo javeriano de historia natural ... | 2019 | 32045371 |
| natural infection of neotropical bats with hantavirus in brazil. | bats (order: chiroptera) harbor a high diversity of emerging pathogens presumably because their ability to fly and social behavior favor the maintenance, evolution, and dissemination of these pathogens. until 2012, there was only one report of the presence of hantavirus in bats. historically, it was thought that these viruses were harbored primarily by rodent and insectivore small mammals. recently, new species of hantaviruses have been identified in bats from africa and asia continents expandin ... | 2018 | 29899544 |
| bat lung epithelial cells show greater host species-specific innate resistance than mdck cells to human and avian influenza viruses. | with the recent discovery of novel h17n10 and h18n11 influenza viral rna in bats and report on high frequency of avian h9 seroconversion in a species of free ranging bats, an important issue to address is the extent bats are susceptible to conventional avian and human influenza a viruses. | 2018 | 29636078 |
| investigation of bartonella spp. in brazilian mammals with emphasis on rodents and bats from the atlantic forest. | the bartonella species are zoonotic agents that infect mammals and are transmitted by arthropod vectors. approximately 18 distinct genotypes cause diseases in humans, and may be spread by both domestic and wild animals. in brazil, bartonella genotypes have been identified in several species of wild mammals, and in the present study, we analyzed samples from non-human primates (marmosets), marsupials, rodents, and bats, and compared them with the genotypes described in mammals from brazil, to exa ... | 2020 | 32904298 |
| potential animal reservoirs (dogs and bats) of human visceral leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum in french guiana. | in french guiana, cutaneous leishmaniasis is highly endemic, whereas no autochthonous case of visceral leishmaniasis have been reported so far. however, due to its proximity to brazil which is highly endemic for visceral leishmaniasis, and the high transboundary population flow, an epidemiological challenge could arise at any time. as an overseas department and region and the largest outermost region of the european union, epidemiological surveillance of visceral leishmaniasis is of great import ... | 2019 | 31216270 |
| bats distress vocalizations carry fast amplitude modulations that could represent an acoustic correlate of roughness. | communication sounds are ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, where they play a role in advertising physiological states and/or socio-contextual scenarios. human screams, for example, are typically uttered in fearful contexts and they have a distinctive feature termed as "roughness", which depicts amplitude fluctuations at rates from 30-150 hz. in this article, we report that the occurrence of fast acoustic periodicities in harsh sounding vocalizations is not unique to humans. a roughness-like stru ... | 2020 | 32355293 |
| human mxa is a potent interspecies barrier for the novel bat-derived influenza a-like virus h18n11. | the human innate immune factor mxa represents an effective interspecies barrier for zoonotic influenza a viruses (iavs) of animal origin. accordingly, human but not avian iavs efficiently escape the antiviral activity of mxa due to adaptive mutations in their viral nucleoprotein. partial mxa resistance can be acquired in intermediate hosts such as swine, which possess an antivirally active mx1 protein. intriguingly, mx1 of the bat carollia perspicillata, a host of the recently discovered bat inf ... | 2019 | 30945621 |
| first cryopreservation of phyllostomid bat sperm. | bats, the second-largest mammalian order, are widely distributed and provide crucial ecosystem services. their reproductive biology comprises noteworthy characteristics, such as long-term sperm storage, delayed implantation or even delayed fetal development. the understanding of these mechanisms remains limited. research in reproductive biology may become crucial for the conservation of endangered bat species. indeed, the iucn red list of threatened species currently lists 76 bat species as enda ... | 2019 | 30933687 |
| natural trypanosoma (trypanozoon) evansi (steel, 1885) infection among mammals from brazilian amazon. | trypanosoma evansi (kinetoplastea trypanosomatidae) is the trypanosoma species that infects the greatest variety of mammals worldwide. in 2014, a dog from rio branco/ac, in the brazilian amazon region, presented flagellates without evident kinetoplasts in blood and symptoms of t. evansi infection. our aim was to investigate the occurrence of t. evansi in dogs, bats and capybaras from rio branco. blood was collected from 78 dogs from residential areas near the zoobotanical park (pz). the serologi ... | 2019 | 30439346 |
| fungal planet description sheets: 785-867. | novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: angola, gnomoniopsis angolensis and pseudopithomyces angolensis on unknown host plants. australia, dothiora corymbiae on corymbia citriodora, neoeucasphaeria eucalypti (incl. neoeucasphaeria gen. nov.) on eucalyptus sp., fumagopsis stellae on eucalyptus sp., fusculina eucalyptorum (incl. fusculinaceae fam. nov.) on eucalyptus socialis, harknessia corymbiicola on corymbia maculata, neocelosporiumeucaly ... | 2018 | 30728607 |
| food restriction, but not seasonality, modulates the acute phase response of a neotropical bat. | season and food intake are known to affect immune response of vertebrates yet their effects on metabolic rate have been rarely explored. we tested the effect of season and acute food restriction and their interaction on the energetic cost of immune response activation of a tropical vertebrate, the seba's short-tailed fruit bat (carollia perspicillata). we specifically stimulated the acute phase response (apr) with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) to measure metabolic changes along with changes ... | 2019 | 30553882 |
| effects of aversive experience on the behavior within a custom-made plus maze in the short-tailed fruit bat, carollia perspicillata. | stress exposure evokes a variety of physiological and behavioral responses in an organism, enabling it to cope with stressful situations and changes in the environment. in a previous study, we found that subjecting individuals of carollia perspicillata to a chronic immobilization stress paradigm resulted in a significant increase of fecal cortisol concentrations. in the present study, we investigated the influence of stress on the behavior of c. perspicillata, by adapting a commonly used behavio ... | 2012 | 22790493 |
| ecological correlates of cortisol levels in two bat species with contrasting feeding habits. | the immediate release of adrenal glucocorticoids can be crucial for an animal's survival when facing a stressor, but constantly elevated or exceptionally high glucocorticoid levels are usually detrimental for health. although baseline and maximal secretion of glucocorticoids are regulated within narrow ranges within species, plasma glucocorticoid levels vary largely across vertebrates. we asked what ecological factors affect baseline plasma cortisol levels (corti) and maximum levels (cortmax) fo ... | 2012 | 22429728 |
| independent evolution of functional mhc class ii drb genes in new world bat species. | genes of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) play a pivotal role in the vertebrate immune system and are attractive markers for functional, fitness-related, genetic variation. although bats (chiroptera) represent the second largest mammalian order and are prone to various emerging infectious diseases, little is known about mhc evolution in bats. in the present study, we examined expressed mhc class ii drb sequences (exons 1 to 4) of new world bat species, saccopteryx bilineata, carollia p ... | 2012 | 22426641 |
| phase-amplitude coupling profiles differ in frontal and auditory cortices of bats. | neural oscillations are at the core of important computations in the mammalian brain. interactions between oscillatory activities in different frequency bands, such as delta (1-4 hz), theta (4-8 hz) or gamma (>30 hz), are a powerful mechanism for binding fundamentally distinct spatiotemporal scales of neural processing. phase-amplitude coupling (pac) is one such plausible and well-described interaction, but much is yet to be uncovered regarding how pac dynamics contribute to sensory representati ... | 2020 | 32979875 |
| long-latency optical responses from the dorsal inferior colliculus of seba's fruit bat. | we used a novel microendoscope system to record simultaneously optical activity (fluorescence of a calcium indicator dye) and electrical activity (multi-unit activity and local field potentials) from the dorsal inferior colliculus of the echolocating bat, carollia perspicillata. optically recorded calcium responses to wide-band noise and to frequency-modulated bursts were recorded at probe depths down to 1300 µm, with the majority of active sites encountered at more shallow depths down to 800 µm ... | 2020 | 32776247 |
| comparison of methods for rhythm analysis of complex animals' acoustic signals. | analyzing the rhythm of animals' acoustic signals is of interest to a growing number of researchers: evolutionary biologists want to disentangle how these structures evolved and what patterns can be found, and ecologists and conservation biologists aim to discriminate cryptic species on the basis of parameters of acoustic signals such as temporal structures. temporal structures are also relevant for research on vocal production learning, a part of which is for the animal to learn a temporal stru ... | 2020 | 32267836 |
| experimental manipulation of reproductive tactics in seba's short-tailed bats: consequences on sperm quality and oxidative status. | to reproduce, males have to fertilize the female's eggs, sometimes in competition with ejaculates of other males. in species where males display alternative reproductive tactics, whereby territorial males secure mating and non-territorial males have to sneak copulations, the latter might be expected to invest relatively more resources towards sperm quality compared with the territorial males. sperm cells are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress, which reduces male fertility. therefore, anti ... | 2019 | 31857807 |
| histomorphology of the glans penis in vespertilionidae and phyllostomidae species (chiroptera, mammalia). | the penises of bats are taxonomically distinctive in size and shape. in addition, they are variable in microscopic anatomy, indicating that histomorphological studies of copulatory organs of bats may help understanding their successful reproductive strategies. we studied adult males of 13 species of vespertilionid and phyllostomid bats. both families exhibited the basic structure of the vascular penis of mammals: the hydrostatic elements of the corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum surroun ... | 2019 | 31609030 |
| wings as inertial appendages: how bats recover from aerial stumbles. | for many animals, movement through complex natural environments necessitates the evolution of mechanisms that enable recovery from unexpected perturbations. knowledge of how flying animals contend with disruptive forces is limited, however, and is nearly nonexistent for bats, the only mammals capable of powered flight. we investigated perturbation recovery in carollia perspicillata by administering a well-defined jet of compressed air, equal to 2.5 times bodyweight, which induced two types of di ... | 2019 | 31537651 |
| can extreme mhc class i diversity be a feature of a wide geographic range? the example of seba's short-tailed bat (carollia perspicillata). | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is one of the most diverse genetic regions under pathogen-driven selection because of its central role in antigen binding and immunity. the highest mhc variability, both in terms of the number of individual alleles and gene copies, has so far been found in passerine birds; this is probably attributable to passerine adaptation to both a wide geographic range and a diverse array of habitats. if extraordinary high mhc variation and duplication rates are ad ... | 2019 | 31520134 |
| warm bodies, cool wings: regional heterothermy in flying bats. | many endothermic animals experience variable limb temperatures, even as they tightly regulate core temperature. the limbs are often cooler than the core at rest, but because the large locomotor muscles of the limbs produce heat during exercise, they are thought to operate at or above core temperature during activity. bats, small-bodied flying mammals with greatly elongated forelimbs, possess wings with large surfaces lacking any insulating fur. we hypothesized that during flight the relatively s ... | 2019 | 31506035 |
| laminar specificity of oscillatory coherence in the auditory cortex. | empirical evidence suggests that, in the auditory cortex (ac), the phase relationship between spikes and local-field potentials (lfps) plays an important role in the processing of auditory stimuli. nevertheless, unlike the case of other sensory systems, it remains largely unexplored in the auditory modality whether the properties of the cortical columnar microcircuit shape the dynamics of spike-lfp coherence in a layer-specific manner. in this study, we directly tackle this issue by addressing w ... | 2019 | 31456067 |
| individual asymmetry as a predictor of fitness in the bat carollia perspicillata. | the measurement of fitness in wild populations is a challenging task, and a number of proxies have been proposed with different degrees of success. developmental instability/stability (di) is an organismal property associated with variance in bilateral asymmetry (fluctuating asymmetry-fa) and a correlated effect on fitness. this study provides evidence to corroborate the hypothesis that asymmetry partly reflects di and is correlated with a reduction in fitness measured by survival and reproducti ... | 2019 | 31420901 |
| normal embryonic development of the greater horseshoe bat rhinolophus ferrumequinum, with special reference to nose leaf formation. | the order chiroptera (bats) is the second largest group of mammals, composed of more than 1,300 species. although powered flight and echolocation in bats have attracted many biologists, diversity in bat facial morphology has been almost neglected. some bat species have a "nose leaf," a leaf-like epithelial appendage around their nostrils. the nose leaf appears to have been acquired at least three times independently in bat evolution, and its morphology is highly diverse among bats species. inter ... | 2019 | 31260578 |
| dengue virus in bats from córdoba and sucre, colombia. | natural infection of dengue virus (denv) in bats is an unexplored field in colombia. to detect the presence of denv in bats, a descriptive prospective study using a nonprobabilistic sampling was carried out; 286 bats in 12 sites were caught. sample tissues of different animals were obtained; the rna was obtained from tissues and a nested-rt-pcr was carried out and detected amplicons of 143 fragment of the ns5 gene were sequenced by the sanger method. in nonhematophagous bats carollia perspicilla ... | 2019 | 31211661 |
| valuable carcasses: postmortem preservation of fatty acid composition in heart tissue. | in order to effectively conserve species, we must understand the structure and function of integral mechanisms at all levels of organismal organisation, from intracellular biochemistry to whole animal ecophysiology. the accuracy of biochemical analyses depend on the quality and integrity of the samples analysed. it is believed that tissue samples collected immediately postmortem provide the most reliable depiction of the living animal. yet, euthanasia of threatened or protected species for the c ... | 2019 | 30805190 |
| characterization of experimental oro-nasal inoculation of seba's short-tailed bats (carollia perspicillata) with bat influenza a virus h18n11. | in 2012 and 2013, the genomic sequences of two novel influenza a virus (iav) subtypes, designated h17n10 and h18n11, were identified via next-generation sequencing in the feces of the little yellow-shouldered fruit bat (sturnira lilium) and the flat-faced fruit-eating bat (artibeus planirostris), respectively. the pathogenesis caused by these viruses in their respective host species is currently insufficiently understood, which is primarily due to the inability to obtain and keep these bat speci ... | 2020 | 32093076 |
| neuronal coding of multiscale temporal features in communication sequences within the bat auditory cortex. | experimental evidence supports that cortical oscillations represent multiscale temporal modulations existent in natural stimuli, yet little is known about the processing of these multiple timescales at a neuronal level. here, using extracellular recordings from the auditory cortex (ac) of awake bats (carollia perspicillata), we show the existence of three neuronal types which represent different levels of the temporal structure of conspecific vocalizations, and therefore constitute direct eviden ... | 2018 | 30480101 |
| hepatozoon infecting bats in the southeastern brazilian rainforest. | tick-borne protozoans of the genus hepatozoon are obligate hemoparasites that can infect domestic and wild terrestrial vertebrates. main hepatozoonosis affects canids and involves mainly hepatozoon canis and hepatozoon americanum. however, molecular studies revealed the capacity of h. canis to infect a wide range of wild mammals. in july 2018, we conducted an epidemiological survey for tick-borne pathogens in wild hosts, assaying hepatozoon sp. occurrence in 34 bats captured in different habitat ... | 2020 | 32216679 |
| isolation and characterization of trypanosomatids, including crithidia mellificae, in bats from the atlantic forest of rio de janeiro, brazil. | we studied infection by trypanosomatidae in bats captured in two areas with different degradation levels in the atlantic forest of rio de janeiro state: reserva ecológica de guapiaçu (regua) and estação fiocruz mata atlântica (efma). furthermore, we evaluated whether the diversity of trypanosomatids changes according to bat diversity and the different levels of preservation in the region. the results showed no influence of the level of preservation on bat species richness (15 and 14 species, res ... | 2019 | 31291252 |
| association of ectoparasites (diptera and acari) on bats (mammalia) in a restinga habitat in northeastern brazil. | in brazil, 124 species of ectoparasites of bats are known from the families streblidae, nycteribiidae, and spinturnicidae. this study aimed to characterize the ectoparasites associated with bats in a restinga habitat in sergipe, northeastern brazil. sampling occurred between october 2016 and september 2017 in the reserva particular do patrimônio natural do caju through the capture of bats, using 10 mist nets. the ectoparasites collected were stored in 70% alcohol and subsequently identified. for ... | 2018 | 30073404 |
| molecular detection of bartonella spp. and rickettsia spp. in bat ectoparasites in brazil. | the family streblidae comprises a monophyletic group of hippoboscoidea, hematophagous dipterans that parasitize bats. bartonella spp. and rickettsia spp. have been reported in bats sampled in europe, africa, asia, north, central and south america. however, there are few reports on the bartonella and rickettsia bacteria infecting hippoboscoidea flies and mites. while spinturnicidae mites are ectoparasites found only in bats, those belonging to the family macronyssidae comprise mites that also par ... | 2018 | 29870549 |
| modification of sperm fatty acid composition during epididymal maturation in bats. | biochemical properties of polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) are fundamental to sperm movements. amongst all adjustments operated during epididymal maturation, sperm membrane lipid composition is remodelled. specifically, the proportion of pufas usually increases from the caput towards the cauda epididymidis. in mammals, pufas are predominantly acquired through the diet, which can consequently impact male fertility. we aimed at analysing to what extent n-6 and n-3 pufas are incorporated into sp ... | 2019 | 30394706 |
| low-frequency spike-field coherence is a fingerprint of periodicity coding in the auditory cortex. | the extraction of temporal information from sensory input streams is of paramount importance in the auditory system. in this study, amplitude-modulated sounds were used as stimuli to drive auditory cortex (ac) neurons of the bat species carollia perspicillata, to assess the interactions between cortical spikes and local-field potentials (lfps) for the processing of temporal acoustic cues. we observed that neurons in the ac capable of eliciting synchronized spiking to periodic acoustic envelopes ... | 2018 | 30384133 |
| low thermal dependence of the contractile properties of a wing muscle in the bat carollia perspicillata. | temperature affects contractile rate properties in muscle, which may affect locomotor performance. endotherms are known to maintain high core body temperatures, but temperatures in the periphery of the body can fluctuate. such a phenomenon occurs in bats, whose wing musculature is relatively poorly insulated, resulting in substantially depressed temperatures in the distal wing. we examined a wing muscle in the small-bodied tropical bat carollia perspicillata and a hindlimb muscle in the laborato ... | 2018 | 29844201 |
| robustness of cortical and subcortical processing in the presence of natural masking sounds. | processing of ethologically relevant stimuli could be interfered by non-relevant stimuli. animals have behavioral adaptations to reduce signal interference. it is largely unexplored whether the behavioral adaptations facilitate neuronal processing of relevant stimuli. here, we characterize behavioral adaptations in the presence of biotic noise in the echolocating bat carollia perspicillata and we show that the behavioral adaptations could facilitate neuronal processing of biosonar information. a ... | 2018 | 29717258 |
| processing of natural echolocation sequences in the inferior colliculus of seba's fruit eating bat, carollia perspicillata. | for the purpose of orientation, echolocating bats emit highly repetitive and spatially directed sonar calls. echoes arising from call reflections are used to create an acoustic image of the environment. the inferior colliculus (ic) represents an important auditory stage for initial processing of echolocation signals. the present study addresses the following questions: (1) how does the temporal context of an echolocation sequence mimicking an approach flight of an animal affect neuronal processi ... | 2018 | 29242823 |
| high frequency of trypanosomatids in gallery forest bats of a neotropical savanna. | bats are well-known hosts of trypanosomatids, though information about their role as reservoirs of these protozoans in the brazilian savanna is poorly known. we aimed to analyze the occurrence of trypanosomatid species in bats occurring in remnants of gallery forests of brasília, federal district of brazil. we sampled bats using mist nets in six sites, and we collected blood, wing fragments and oral swab samples from all captured individuals. trypanosomatids were identified in the captured bats ... | 2018 | 29050949 |
| processing of temporally patterned sounds in the auditory cortex of seba's short-tailed bat,carollia perspicillata. | this article presents a characterization of cortical responses to artificial and natural temporally patterned sounds in the bat species carollia perspicillata, a species that produces vocalizations at rates above 50 hz. multi-unit activity was recorded in three different experiments. in the first experiment, amplitude-modulated (am) pure tones were used as stimuli to drive auditory cortex (ac) units. ac units of both ketamine-anesthetized and awake bats could lock their spikes to every cycle of ... | 2017 | 28921742 |
| two cases of natural infection of dengue-2 virus in bats in the colombian caribbean. | dengue, a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease, is the most common vector-borne disease in tropical and subtropical areas. in this study, we aim to demonstrate biological evidence of dengue virus infection in bats. a cross-sectional study was carried out in the departments of cordoba and sucre, colombia. a total of 286 bats were captured following the ethical protocols of animal experimentation. the specimens were identified and euthanized using a pharmacological treatment with atropine, acepromazine ... | 2021 | 33809400 |
| harvest rates and foraging strategy of carollia perspicillata (chiroptera: phyllostomidae) in an artificial food patch. | an organism's foraging strategy depends on its ability to acquire and use information from food patches. a forager that does not obtain information from a food patch should remain there for a fixed time or a fixed amount of harvest. foragers that obtain partial or complete information from the patch should be able to estimate costs and benefits from its exploitation. the foraging strategy used by a forager can be determined using the giving-up density (gud) technique. the gud is the amount of fo ... | 2018 | 30036641 |
| interactions between frugivorous bats (chiroptera: phyllostomidae) and piper tuberculatum (piperaceae) in a tropical dry forest in valle del cauca, colombia. | in any ecosystem, fruits are resources that vary in time and space as well as in nutritional content.coexistence of species from a trophic guild depends on the division and use of resources. therefore, the organismsthat depend on them as a food source, tend to show a certain degree of specialization. this way, understandingthe factors that influence the dynamics of seed dispersal is important for the regeneration and conservationof tropical ecosystems. our aim was to determine variation in consu ... | 2016 | 29451764 |
| modified synaptic dynamics predict neural activity patterns in an auditory field within the frontal cortex. | frontal areas of the mammalian cortex are thought to be important for cognitive control and complex behaviour. these areas have been studied mostly in humans, non-human primates and rodents. in this article, we present a quantitative characterization of response properties of a frontal auditory area responsive to sound in the brain of carollia perspicillata, the frontal auditory field (faf). bats are highly vocal animals, and they constitute an important experimental model for studying the audit ... | 2020 | 31630441 |
| the bat as a new model of cortical development. | the organization of the mammalian cerebral cortex shares fundamental features across species. however, while the radial thickness of grey matter varies within one order of magnitude, the tangential spread of the cortical sheet varies by orders of magnitude across species. a broader sample of model species may provide additional clues for understanding mechanisms that drive cortical expansion. here, we introduce the bat carollia perspicillata as a new model species. the brain of c. perspicillata ... | 2018 | 29136119 |