| repelling properties of some plant materials on the tick ixodes ricinus l. | the repellent effects on nymphal stages of ixodes ricinus l. of some plant materials have been studied in the laboratory. the plant material consisted of an ethanolic extract from achillea millefolium l., and volatile oils of birch and/or pine tar, citronella, cloves, eucalyptus, geranium, lavender, lily of the valley and peppermint. the most pronounced effects were observed for the oils of citronella, cloves and lily of the valley. they possessed repelling activities of the same magnitude as th ... | 2006 | 16360943 |
| presumptive identification of candida species other than c. albicans, c. krusei, and c. tropicalis with the chromogenic medium chromagar candida. | chromagar candida (cac) is increasingly being reported as a medium used to differentiate candida albicans from non-albicans candida (nac) species. rapid identification of nac can assist the clinician in selecting appropriate antifungal therapy. cac is a differential chromogenic medium designed to identify c. albicans, c. krusei, and c. tropicalis based on colony color and morphology. some reports have proposed that cac can also reliably identify c. dubliniensis and c. glabrata. | 2006 | 16390552 |
| [hormonal and metabolic effects of drinking mineral water and phytoaeronisation in experimental prostatitis]. | prostatitis modelled in 53 wistar male rats (300-350 body mass) 7 days after its induction was treated with mineral water "essentuki n 17" (mw) which was taken in a dose 1.5-2 ml per 100 g body mass for 23-24 days. in addition, some animals received phytoaeroionisation (pai) with solution of essential oils of mint, sage and lavender. prostatitis is associated with disorders in prostatic tissue, levels of sex hormones (testosterone, prolactin, fsh, lh), a rise in total cholesterol, glucose. water ... | 2004 | 15717535 |
| antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato late blight disease agent phytophthora infestans. | the aim of this study was to find an alternative to synthetic fungicides currently used in the control of devastating oomycete pathogen phytophthora infestans, causal agent of late blight disease of tomato. antifungal activities of essential oils obtained from aerial parts of aromatic plants such as oregano (origanum syriacum var. bevanii), thyme (thymbra spicata subsp. spicata), lavender (lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas), rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis), fennel (foeniculum vulgare), and la ... | 2006 | 16463095 |
| the in vitro screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants from portugal. | essential oil, ethanolic extract and decoction of 10 plant species from interior portugal were analyzed for their activity towards acetylcholinesterase (ache) enzyme and their antioxidant activity. of these, melissa officinalis, paronychia argentea, sanguisorba minor, hypericum undulatum and malva silvestris are used in herbal medicine, laurus nobilis and mentha suaveolens as condiments, and salvia officinalis, lavandula angustifolia and lavandula pedunculata also as aromatics. melissa officinal ... | 2006 | 16737790 |
| multivariate correlation between color and mineral composition of honeys and by their botanical origin. | the mineral content and color characteristics of 77 honey samples were analyzed. eighteen minerals were quantified for each honey. multiple linear regression (mlr) was used to establish equations relating the colorimetric cielab coordinates to the mineral data. the results obtained shown that lightness (l) was significantly correlated with s, ca, fe, as, pb, and cd for the dark honey types (avocado, heather, chestnut, and honeydew). for the light and brown honey types (citrus, rosemary, lavender ... | 2005 | 15796597 |
| nile red-adsorbed gold nanoparticles for selective determination of thiols based on energy transfer and aggregation. | for the first time, an aqueous solution of 32-nm gold nanoparticles (gnps), to which nile red (nr) has been noncovalently adsorbed, has been used for sensing thiols. the as-prepared nrgnps fluoresce weakly as a result of fluorescence resonance energy transfer between nr and the gnps. the fluorescence of a solution containing nrgnps at ph 4.0 increases upon the addition of thiols, but not when amines, acids, alcohols, bovine serum albumin, or hemoglobin are added. this phenomenon allows for the s ... | 2004 | 15228347 |
| transdermal absorption of (-)-linalool induces autonomic deactivation but has no impact on ratings of well-being in humans. | essential lavender oil has a long tradition as a mild sedative in herbal medicine. relaxing effects after inhalation have also been demonstrated for one of its main constituents, (-)-linalool. the aim of the present investigation was to determine the effects of this monoterpenoid alcohol on human physiological parameters (blood oxygen saturation, breathing rate, eye-blink rate, pulse rate, skin conductance, skin temperature, surface electromyogram as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure ... | 2004 | 15238993 |
| a controlled trial of aromatherapy for agitation in nursing home patients with dementia. | two controlled trials of aromatherapy to decrease agitation in persons with dementia have recently produced promising results. however, both studies combined the use of essential oils with massage. thus, it is unclear if the effect of the aromatherapy intervention was the result of smelling or the cutaneous absorption of the oils. the purpose of this study was to determine whether smelling lavender oil decreases the frequency of agitated behaviors in patients with dementia. | 2004 | 15253846 |
| importance of learning in the response of ewes to male odor. | exposure of anestrous ewes to a ram or its odor results in the activation of the luteinizing hormone (lh) secretion leading to reinstatement of cyclicity in most females. sexual experience and learning have been suggested as important factors to explain the variability of the female responses. in experiment 1, we compared the behavioral and endocrine responses of four groups of anestrous females that differed in age (young or adult) and previous exposure to males [naive (no exposure) or experien ... | 2004 | 15337681 |
| lavender (lavandula angustifolia miller). | an evidence-based systematic review including scientific evidence, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing. | 2004 | 15364646 |
| repellency of oils of lemon eucalyptus, geranium, and lavender and the mosquito repellent mygga natural to ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) in the laboratory and field. | mygga natural (bioglan, lund, sweden) is a commercially available repellent against blood-feeding arthropods. it contains 30% of lemon-scented eucalyptus, corymbia citriodora (hook.) k. d. hill & l. a. s. johnson (myrtaceae), oil with a minimum of 50% p-menthane-3,8-diol. mygga natural also contains small amounts of the essential oils of lavender, lavandula angustifolia mill. (lamiaceae), and geranium, pelargonium graveolens l'her. (geraniaceae). in laboratory bioassays, mygga natural and c. cit ... | 2006 | 16892632 |
| effect of various natural medicinals on salivary protein putrefaction and malodor production. | salivary incubation assays are commonly used in oral malodor studies. using an in vitro model system, the effect of various natural medicinals (i.e., echinacea, propolis, elder, mastic gum, marigold, sage, lavender, thyme, and chamomile) on salivary protein putrefaction and malodor production was examined. | 2006 | 16922026 |
| herbs as a food source in turkey. | medical benefits of herbs have been known for centuries. many examples contain powerful active components that, if used correctly, can help in healing the living organism. these herbs can also be provided in the form of capsules and powders, as dietary supplements, and thus differ from conventional foods or food ingredients. the traditional turkish kitchen is rich of various herbs which have been employed as ingredients since ancient times. the present paper provides a brief overview of some imp ... | 2004 | 15373716 |
| up-regulation of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase enhances production of essential oils in transgenic spike lavender. | spike lavender (lavandula latifolia) is an aromatic shrub cultivated worldwide for the production of essential oils. the major constituents of these oils are monoterpenes, which are obtained from isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate precursors through the plastidial methylerythritol phosphate (mep) pathway and/or the cytosolic mevalonate pathway. 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-p synthase (dxs) catalyzes the first step of the mep pathway. a cdna coding for the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thal ... | 2006 | 16980564 |
| antinociceptive and gastroprotective effects of inhaled and orally administered lavandula hybrida reverchon "grosso" essential oil. | in this study the antinociceptive and the gastroprotective effects of orally administered or inhaled lavandula hybrida reverchon "grosso" essential oil, and its principal constituents linalool and linalyl acetate were evaluated in rodents. either when orally administered (100 mg/kg) or inhaled for 60 min lavender essential oil significantly reduced the acetic acid-writhing response in a naloxone-sensitive manner. in the hot plate test, analgesic activity observed after oil inhalation was inhibit ... | 2004 | 15519366 |
| effects of lozenge containing lavender oil, extracts from hops, lemon balm and oat on electrical brain activity of volunteers. | within a randomized double blind, placebo controlled trial the electrical activity of the human brain has been monitored using charge mode technology (laplacian estimates) after exposure to a lozenge containing 4 different herbal preparations (lavender oil, extracts from hops, lemon balm and oat) or a matching placebo without any active ingredients. sixteen healthy volunteers (8 males and 8 females) were tested within a crossover design. after baseline recording each subject sucked a lozenge and ... | 2004 | 15546807 |
| clinical, clinicopathologic, postmortem examination findings and familial history of 3 arabians with lavender foal syndrome. | | 2006 | 17186871 |
| efficacy of plant extracts against stored-products fungi. | the fungistatic activity of six aqueous extracts of plants were tested against aspergillus candidus, aspergillus niger, penicillium sp. and fusarium culmorum. the plants were, chamomile (anthemis nobilis l.), cinnamon (cinnamomum verum j. presl.), french lavender (lavandula stoechas l.), garlic (allium sativum l.), malva (malva sylvestris l.) and peppermint (mentha piperita l.). the more concentrated extracts of chamomile and malva inhibited totally the growth of the tested fungi with malva the ... | 2006 | 17196025 |
| the effect of essential oils on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus using a dressing model. | patchouli, tea tree, geranium, lavender essential oils and citricidal (grapefruit seed extract) were used singly and in combination to assess their anti-bacterial activity against three strains of staphylococcus aureus: oxford s. aureus nctc 6571 (oxford strain), epidemic methicillin-resistant s. aureus (emrsa 15) and mrsa (untypable). the individual essential oils, extracts and combinations were impregnated into filter paper discs and placed on the surface of agar plates, pre-seeded with the ap ... | 2004 | 15555788 |
| effect of essential oil concentration on the ph of nutrient and iso-sensitest broth. | the role of ph on the antimicrobial activity of essential oils has not been well studied. the effect of four essential oils: backhousia citriodora, melaleuca alternifolia, lavandula angustifolia and santalum spicatum (0.1% to 10%) on the ph of two commonly used media, nutrient broth and iso-sensitest broth, was therefore undertaken. small (less than 0.5 ph units) but statistically significant differences between the ph of the two media followed the addition of m. alternifolia, l. angustifolia an ... | 2004 | 15597315 |
| the use of carbohydrate profiles and chemometrics in the characterization of natural honeys of identical geographical origin. | a study of the real possibilities of carbohydrate profiles and chemometrics to characterize the botanical origin of honey from a single geographical area, the province of soria (spain), is presented. to this end, 14 carbohydrates were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with pulsed amperometric detection (pad) in 77 natural honeys, the botanical origins of which were ling, spike lavender, french lavender, thyme, forest, and multifloral. principal component analysis has ... | 2005 | 15826065 |
| hydrodistillation-headspace solvent microextraction, a new method for analysis of the essential oil components of lavandula angustifolia mill. | a new method involving concurrent headspace solvent microextraction combined with continuous hydrodistillation (hd-hsme) for the extraction and pre-concentration of the essential oil of lavandula angustifolia mill. into a microdrop is developed. a microdrop of n-hexadecane containing n-heptadecane (as internal standard) extruded from the needle tip of a gas chromatographic syringe was inserted into the headspace above the plant sample. after extraction for an optimized time, the microdrop was re ... | 2005 | 16314156 |
| in vitro susceptibility of helicobacter pylori to botanical extracts used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. | the gram-negative bacterium helicobacter pylori (hp), identified in 1982, is now recognized as the primary etiological factor associated with the development of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. in addition, hp infections are also associated with chronic gastritis, gastric carcinoma and primary gastric b-cell lymphoma. for centuries, herbals have been used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of ailments, including gastrointestinal (gi) disorders such as dyspepsia, gastritis and pepti ... | 2005 | 16317658 |
| isolation of fatty acids and aromatics from cell suspension cultures of lavandula angustifolia. | cell suspension cultures of lavandula angustifolia mill. ssp. angustifolia (syn.: l. officinalis chaix.) afforded a fatty acid composition, cis and trans p-coumaric acids (=p-hydroxy cinnamic acids), and beta-sitosterol. the fatty acid composition was analyzed by gc-ms, and the structures of the isolated three compounds were determined by 1h- and 13c-nmr, and ms spectroscopic techniques. | 2007 | 17365695 |
| olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil affects autonomic nerves, lipolysis and appetite in rats. | in a previous study, we presented evidence that scent of grapefruit oil excites sympathetic nerves innervating white and brown adipose tissues and the adrenal gland, inhibits the vagal nerve innervating the stomach, increases lipolysis and heat production (energy consumption), and reduces appetite and body weight. here, we examined the effects of olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil (slvo) in rats and observed that in contrast to grapefruit oil, it inhibits the sympathetic nerves inn ... | 2005 | 15878236 |
| green tea and the skin. | plant extracts have been widely used as topical applications for wound-healing, anti-aging, and disease treatments. examples of these include ginkgo biloba, echinacea, ginseng, grape seed, green tea, lemon, lavender, rosemary, thuja, sarsaparilla, soy, prickly pear, sagebrush, jojoba, aloe vera, allantoin, feverwort, bloodroot, apache plume, and papaya. these plants share a common character: they all produce flavonoid compounds with phenolic structures. these phytochemicals are highly reactive w ... | 2005 | 15928624 |
| drought tolerance and antioxidant activities in lavender plants colonized by native drought-tolerant or drought-sensitive glomus species. | this study compared the effectiveness of four arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungal isolates (two autochthonous presumably drought-tolerant glomus sp and two allochthonous presumably drought-sensitive strains) on a drought-adapted plant (lavandula spica) growing under drought conditions. the autochthonous am fungal strains produced a higher lavender biomass, specially root biomass, and a more efficient n and k absorption than with the inoculation of similar allochthonous strains under drought condi ... | 2007 | 17431706 |
| olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil affects autonomic neurotransmission and blood pressure in rats. | previously, we observed that olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil (slvo) suppressed sympathetic nerve activities and elevated gastric vagal (parasympathetic) nerve activity (gvna), decreased plasma glycerol concentration and body temperature, and enhanced appetite in rats. here, we further showed that olfactory stimulation with slvo lowered renal sympathetic nerve activity (rsna) and blood pressure (bp) and elevated gvna in urethane-anesthetized rats. olfactory stimulation with linal ... | 2006 | 16442729 |
| antiparasitic activity of two lavandula essential oils against giardia duodenalis, trichomonas vaginalis and hexamita inflata. | two essential oils derived from lavandula angustifolia and lavandula x intermedia were investigated for any antiparasitic activity against the human protozoal pathogens giardia duodenalis and trichomonas vaginalis and the fish pathogen hexamita inflata: all of which have significant infection and economic impacts. the study has demonstrated that low (< or = 1%) concentrations of l. angustifolia and l. x intermedia oil can completely eliminate t. vaginalis, g. duodenalis and h. inflata in vitro. ... | 2006 | 16741725 |
| antifungal activity of essential oils against filamentous fungi determined by broth microdilution and vapour contact methods. | the in vitro activity of some essential oils (eo) (thyme red, fennel, clove, pine, sage, lemon balm and lavender) against clinical and environmental fungal strains was determined. | 2007 | 17578419 |
| effect of gamma and e-beam radiation on the essential oils of thymus vulgaris thymoliferum, eucalyptus radiata, and lavandula angustifolia. | the microbiological contamination of raw plant materials is common and may be adequately reduced by radiation processing. this study evaluated the effects of gamma- and e-beam ionizing radiations (25 kgy) on three plants used as food or as medicinal products (thymus vulgaris l., eucalyptus radiata d.c., and lavandula angustifolia mill.) as well as their effects on extracted or commercial essential oils and pure standard samples. comparison between irradiated and nonirradiated samples was perform ... | 2007 | 17602644 |
| antifungal effect of various essential oils against candida albicans. potentiation of antifungal action of amphotericin b by essential oil from thymus vulgaris. | the antifungal effect of the essential oil from satureja montana l., lavandula angustifolia mill., lavandula hybrida reverchon, syzygium aromaticum (l.) merril and perry, origanum vulgare l., rosmarinus officinalis l. and six chemotypes of thymus vulgaris l. on candida albicans growth were studied. the most efficiency was obtained with the essential oil from thymus vulgaris thymol chemotype (mic 80% = 0.016 microl/ml and kaff = 296 microl/ml). the presence in the culture medium of essential oil ... | 2004 | 15742351 |
| an investigation and comparison of the bioactivity of selected essential oils on human lice and house dust mites. | the insecticidal potency of some essential oils suggests that they may find an application in the control of house dust mites, but current in vitro assays for mites do not appear to give consistent results. a simple, novel, mite chamber assay was therefore developed to carry out testing. different species of insects are susceptible to different essential oil components, so we compared the relative acaricidal and pediculicidal activity of three essential oils: tea tree, lavender and lemon, becaus ... | 2007 | 17662541 |
| cloning and functional characterization of three terpene synthases from lavender (lavandula angustifolia). | the essential oil of lavender (lavandula angustifolia) is mainly composed of mono- and sesquiterpenes. using a homology-based pcr strategy, two monoterpene synthases (lalims and lalins) and one sesquiterpene synthase (labers) were cloned from lavender leaves and flowers. lalims catalyzed the formation of (r)-(+)-limonene, terpinolene, (1r,5s)-(+)-camphene, (1r,5r)-(+)-alpha-pinene, beta-myrcene and traces of alpha-phellandrene. the proportions of these products changed significantly when mn(2+) ... | 2007 | 17662687 |
| functional magnetic resonance imaging study of human olfaction and normal aging. | the function of human olfaction declines with advancing age. an important question centers on whether functional alterations to olfactory brain structures accompany age-related behavioral changes. in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that aged adults have intact though reduced activity in the central olfactory system using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri). | 2005 | 15933393 |
| lemon oil vapor causes an anti-stress effect via modulating the 5-ht and da activities in mice. | we examined the anti-stress action of the essential oils of lavender, rose, and lemon using an elevated plus-maze task (epm), a forced swimming task (fst), and an open field task (oft) in mice. lemon oil had the strongest anti-stress effect in all three behavioral tasks. we further investigated a regulatory mechanism of the lemon oil by pre-treatments with agonists or antagonists to benzodiazepine, 5-ht, da, and adrenaline receptors by the epm and the fst. the anti-stress effect of lemon oil was ... | 2006 | 16780969 |
| autoxidation of linalyl acetate, the main component of lavender oil, creates potent contact allergens. | fragrances are among the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis. we have in previous studies shown that linalool, present in lavender oil, autoxidizes on air exposure, forming allergenic oxidation products. oxidized linalool was found to be a frequent cause of contact allergy in a patch test study on consecutive dermatitis patients. linalyl acetate, the main component of lavender oil is commonly used as a fragrance chemical in scented products. because of structural similarities, lina ... | 2008 | 18154552 |
| novel lipophilic tracking dyes for monitoring cell proliferation. | the advent of contemporary digital instrumentation has enhanced both the potential and the complexity of flow cytometric experiments, allowing for the detailed dissection of immune cell subsets and their functions. the use of cell tracking labels such as pkh26 and cfse has been important in observing such cellular functions, but their visible emission characteristics have limited the design of such analyses. as the demand for multiparametric flow cytometry intensifies, it will become increasingl ... | 2007 | 18161533 |
| a single-blinded, randomized pilot study evaluating the aroma of lavandula augustifolia as a treatment for mild insomnia. | insomnia is the most common of all sleep complaints and is under-researched. the current treatments of choice are conventional hypnotics agents, but these have potential for serious adverse reactions. uncontrolled and anecdotal evidence suggests that lavender oil is an effective treatment for insomnia, but this has not been formally investigated. | 2005 | 16131287 |
| suppression of neutrophil accumulation in mice by cutaneous application of geranium essential oil. | background: previous studies suggested that essential oils suppressed the adherence response of human neutrophils in vitro and that intraperitoneal application of geranium oil suppressed the neutrophil accumulation into peritoneal cavity in vivo. usually, essential oils are applied through skin in aromatherapy in inflammatory symptoms. the purpose of this study is to assess the effects of cutaneous application of essential oils on the accumulation of neutrophils in inflammatory sites in skin of ... | 2005 | 15813994 |
| discordance between viral loads determined by roche cobas amplicor human immunodeficiency virus type 1 monitor (version 1.5) standard and ultrasensitive assays caused by freezing patient plasma in centrifuged becton-dickinson vacutainer brand plasma preparation tubes. | the roche cobas amplicor human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) monitor (version 1.5) standard and ultrasensitive viral load assays often gave discordant results, with viral loads from the standard assay exceeding those from the ultrasensitive assay by more than 0.5 log(10) for approximately 20% of specimens received. we began studies to determine the extent, magnitude, and reproducibility of the discordance between the assays and to discover and eliminate the cause of this discordance. unt ... | 2005 | 16145119 |
| antifungal activity of lavandula angustifolia essential oil against candida albicans yeast and mycelial form. | the antifungal activity of the essential oil of lavandula angustifolia mill. (lavender oil) and its main components, linalool and linalyl acetate, was investigated against 50 clinical isolates of candida albicans (28 oropharyngeal strains, 22 vaginal strains) and c. albicans atcc 3153. growth inhibition, killing time and inhibition of germ tube formation were evaluated. the chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. lavender oil inhibite ... | 2005 | 16178366 |
| screening of plants used in danish folk medicine to treat memory dysfunction for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. | aqueous and methanolic extracts of 11 plants, used in danish folk medicine for improvement of memory and cognition, and 3 corydalis species were tested for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity using the ellman colorimetric method. significant inhibitory activity in dose-dependent manner was observed for extracts of corydalis cava, corydalis intermedia, corydalis solida ssp. laxa and corydalis solida ssp. slivenensis. extracts of ruta graveolens, lavandula angustifolia, rosmarinus officinalis ... | 2006 | 16280217 |
| a comparison of wound healing following treatment with lavandula x allardii honey or essential oil. | the increased interest in complementary therapies has led to the investigation of products traditionally believed to have a beneficial effect in wound healing. two such products are honey and lavender essential oil. in this study a rat excisional wound model was used to investigate the action of lavandula x allardii honey and essential oil, and a standard therapeutic honey (medihoney). four 8 mm wounds were created surgically on the dorsal surface of each rat and honey or essential oil applied t ... | 2006 | 16807876 |
| the sleep-enhancing effect of valerian inhalation and sleep-shortening effect of lemon inhalation. | we examined the effects of odorant inhalation on the sleep-wake states in rats. odorants used in the experiment were clove, jasmine, lavender, lemon, peppermint, pine, rose, sandalwood, valerian, and ylang-ylang. valerian and rose inhalation significantly prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, whereas lemon inhalation significantly shortened it. the effect of valerian inhalation was markedly noticeable. in the anosmic rats, a significant effect of odorants on the pentobarbital sleep ... | 2006 | 16857858 |
| effect of aromatherapy on symptoms of dysmenorrhea in college students: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. | the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of aromatherapy on menstrual cramps and symptoms of dysmenorrhea. | 2006 | 16884344 |
| linalyl acetate as a major ingredient of lavender essential oil relaxes the rabbit vascular smooth muscle through dephosphorylation of myosin light chain. | in a preliminary experiment, we found that lavender essential oil relaxes vascular smooth muscle. thus, the present experiments were designed to investigate the relaxation mechanism of linalyl acetate as the major ingredient of lavender essential oil in rabbit carotid artery specimens. linalyl acetate produced sustained and progressive relaxation during the contraction caused by phenylephrine. the relaxation effect of linalyl acetate at a concentration near the ec50 was partially but significant ... | 2006 | 16891914 |
| aromatherapy for travel-induced excitement in dogs. | to evaluate the efficacy of the ambient odor of lavender as a treatment for travel-induced excitement in dogs. | 2006 | 16978115 |
| anticonflict effects of lavender oil and identification of its active constituents. | the pharmacological effects of lavender oil were investigated using two conflict tests in icr mice, and then the active constituents were identified. lavender oil produced significant anticonflict effects at 800 and 1600 mg/kg in the geller conflict test and at 800 mg/kg in the vogel conflict test, suggesting that the oil has an anti-anxiety effect. analysis using gc/ms revealed that lavender oil contains 26 constituents, among which alpha-pinene (ratio, 0.22%), camphene (0.06%), beta-myrcene (5 ... | 2006 | 17173962 |
| autonomic and cardiovascular responses to scent stimulation are altered in cry ko mice. | previously, we observed that in rats, olfactory stimulation with scent of grapefruit oil (sgfo) elevates the activities of sympathetic nerves. sgfo also suppresses gastric vagal (parasympathetic) nerve activity (gvna), increases the plasma glycerol concentration, blood pressure (bp) and body temperature, and reduces appetite. in contrast, olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil (slvo) has opposite effects in rats. here, we show that in mice, olfactory stimulation with sgfo elevated acti ... | 2007 | 17175102 |
| the vapor activity of oregano, perilla, tea tree, lavender, clove, and geranium oils against a trichophyton mentagrophytes in a closed box. | the vapor activity of six essential oils against a trichophyton mentagrophytes was examined using a closed box. the antifungal activity was determined from colony size, which was correlated with the inoculum size. as judged from the minimum inhibitory dose and the minimum fungicidal dose determined after vapor exposure for 24 h, the vapor activity of the six essential oils was ranked in the following order: oregano > clove, perilla > geranium, lavender, tea tree. the vapors of oregano, perilla, ... | 2007 | 17235639 |
| the qualitative analysis of ethanol extracts of herbal raw materials by method of high pressure liquid chromatography. | the article describes the qualitative analysis of ethanol extracts from st. john's wort, cinnamon bark, rosemary leaves, lavender flowers, and ginger rhizomes, and the extract of their mixture using the method of high pressure liquid chromatography in order to identify flavonoids. the aim of the study was to identify the amounts of rutin, hyperoside, quercetin, and other flavonoids in the multi-component extract as well as in the control extracts of its compositional parts using the method of hi ... | 2007 | 18536158 |
| anxiolytic effects of lavandula angustifolia odour on the mongolian gerbil elevated plus maze. | lavender is a popular treatment for stress and mild anxiety in europe and the usa. the present study investigated the effects of (lavandula angustifolia mill. (lamiaceae)) lavender odour inhalation over 2 weeks or 24 h periods, on gerbil behaviour in the elevated plus maze in mature male and female gerbils, and compared results with the effects of diazepam (1 mg/kg) i.p. after 30 min and 2-week administration. traditional measures of open entries showed an increasing trend over the 2 weeks expos ... | 2007 | 17289317 |
| efficacy of aromatherapy (lavandula angustifolia) as an intervention for agitated behaviours in chinese older persons with dementia: a cross-over randomized trial. | agitated behaviours among persons with dementia are distressing to both patients and their caregivers. as pharmacological interventions may be limited by their potentially adverse effects, the use of complementary therapies for treatment of agitation has become more popular and aromatherapy is the fastest growing one. | 2007 | 17342790 |
| mechanism of changes induced in plasma glycerol by scent stimulation with grapefruit and lavender essential oils. | in a previous study, we found that stimulation with scent of grapefruit oil (sgfo) elevated plasma glycerol levels in rats. however, stimulation with scent of lavender oil (slvo) triggered a negative effect. to identify the mechanism of these changes during lipolysis, we examined the role of autonomic blockers and bilateral lesions of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) in the modification of plasma glycerol in rats exposed to sgfo and slvo. we found that intraperitoneal injection of ... | 2007 | 17376592 |
| repellence of the red bud borer resseliella oculiperda from grafted apple trees by impregnation of rubber budding strips with essential oils. | the red bud borer resseliella oculiperda (rübs.) is a pest insect of apple trees when rootstocks are grafted with scion buds by 'shield budding'. the female midges are attracted to the wounds of the grafted buds where they lay their eggs. the larvae feed on the cambium and destroy the buds completely or partially, leading to bad union of the buds with the rootstocks. budding strips are used very often by growers to bind scion buds to rootstocks. these strips cannot prevent midges from reaching t ... | 2007 | 17421054 |
| rosmarinic acid and antioxidant enzyme activities in lavandula vera mm cell suspension culture: a comparative study. | the growth and intracellular protein content of lavender (lavandula vera mm) cell suspension culture was followed along with some antioxidant defense system members-non-enzymatic (rosmarinic acid) and enzymatic [superoxide dismutase (ec 1.15.1.1) and catalase (ec 1.11.1.6)]. it was found that the media content and the cultivation mode strongly influenced the production of plant defense compounds as well as the ratio between non-enzymatic and enzymatic ones. the bioreactor culture contains about ... | 2009 | 19050834 |
| a comparison of botanical and synthetic substances commonly used to prevent head lice (pediculus humanus var. capitis) infestation. | pediculosis, caused by head lice (pediculidae: pediculus humanus var. capitis), is experiencing a global resurgence, with the prevalence in primary schools averaging as high as 40% in some areas regardless of socioeconomic factors. control efforts using chemical treatments are becoming increasingly ineffective, with insecticide resistance recorded in several countries. prevention using repellents and oils would be useful if they limited transmission. many commercially available substances repute ... | 2007 | 17442090 |
| anxiolytic effects of lavender oil inhalation on open-field behaviour in rats. | to establish a valid animal model of the effects of olfactory stimuli on anxiety, a series of experiments was conducted using rats in an open-field test. throughout, effects of lavender oil were compared with the effects of chlordiazepoxide (cdp), as a reference anxiolytic with well-known effects on open-field behaviour. rats were exposed to lavender oil (0.1-1.0 ml) for 30 min (experiment 1) or 1h (experiment 2) prior to open-field test and in the open field or injected with cdp (10 mg/kg i.p.) ... | 2007 | 17482442 |
| effectiveness of lotions based on essential oils from aromatic plants against permethrin resistant pediculus humanus capitis. | in argentina, field populations of the head louse pediculus humanus capitis de geer (phthiraptera: pediculidae) have developed resistance to permethrin and other pyrethroids. thus, the aim of this work was the development of a lotion containing essential oils from plants and an alcoholic coadjuvant to improve biological effect. ethanol + isopropanol (1 + 1 in volume) 50% in water and ethanol 96% were taken as bases for preparation of experimental lotions containing essential oils from plants. we ... | 2007 | 17647002 |
| up-regulation of an n-terminal truncated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coa reductase enhances production of essential oils and sterols in transgenic lavandula latifolia. | spike lavender (lavandula latifolia) essential oil is widely used in the perfume, cosmetic, flavouring and pharmaceutical industries. thus, modifications of yield and composition of this essential oil by genetic engineering should have important scientific and commercial applications. we generated transgenic spike lavender plants expressing the arabidopsis thaliana hmg1 cdna, encoding the catalytic domain of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coa reductase (hmgr1s), a key enzyme of the mevalonic acid (m ... | 2007 | 17714440 |
| the influence of essential oils on the process of wound healing: a review of the current evidence. | this paper reports on a literature review of evidence on the influence of essential oils on wound healing and their potential application in clinical practice. it focuses mainly on tea tree, lavender, chamomile, thyme and ocimum oils. | 2007 | 17722522 |
| plumage colour mutations and melanins in the feathers of the japanese quail: a first comparison. | the absorbance of melanin content from dorsal feathers was compared between wild-type japanese quail and nine other quail plumage colours determined by single mutations in one of seven genes: extended brown (mc1r), yellow (asip), silver (mitf), lavender (mlph), roux (tyrp1), imperfect albinism (slc45a2) and rusty. as compared with wild-type quail, all mutations but extended brown decreased total melanins. the largest decrease was observed in quail with one of the dilution mutations at tyrp1, mlp ... | 2009 | 19496774 |
| antimicrobial activity of lavender, tea tree and lemon oils in cosmetic preservative systems. | the aim of the study was to verify the antimicrobial activity of commercial essential oils: lavender, tea tree and lemon as the components of a preservative system in oil in water body milks. | 2009 | 19508298 |
| comparison of bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of 13 essential oils against strains with varying sensitivity to antibiotics. | to compare the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of 13 chemotyped essential oils (eo) on 65 bacteria with varying sensitivity to antibiotics. | 2008 | 19552780 |
| quantification of free coumarin and its liberation from glucosylated precursors by stable isotope dilution assays based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric detection. | a stable isotope dilution assay for the quantification of free coumarin and glucosylated coumarin precursors has been developed using [13c2]-coumarin as the internal standard. the doubly labeled coumarin was synthesized by reacting [13c2]-acetic anhydride with salicylic aldehyde and characterized by means of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) experiments. the specifity of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry enabled unequivocal determination and sensitive quantitati ... | 2008 | 18197622 |
| a single point-mutation within the melanophilin gene causes the lavender plumage colour dilution phenotype in the chicken. | the lavender phenotype in the chicken causes the dilution of both black (eumelanin) and red/brown (phaeomelanin) pigments. defects in three genes involved in intracellular melanosomal transport, previously described in mammals, give rise to similar diluted pigmentation phenotypes as those seen in lavender chickens. | 2008 | 18197963 |
| inhibition of quorum sensing regulated bacterial functions by plant essential oils with special reference to clove oil. | to evaluate quorum sensing (qs) inhibitory activity of plant essential oils using strains of chromobacterium violaceum (cv12472 and cvo26) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (pao1). | 2009 | 19627477 |
| effects of olfactory stimulations with scents of grapefruit and lavender oils on renal sympathetic nerve and blood pressure in clock mutant mice. | previously, we observed that in mice, olfactory stimulation with scent of grapefruit oil elevates renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. in contrast, olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil has opposite effects in mice. moreover, electrolytic lesions of the mouse hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus eliminated changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure induced by either scent of grapefruit oil or scent of lavender oil. here, we show that grapefruit oil- ... | 2008 | 18201946 |
| determination of the antioxidant capacity of culinary herbs subjected to various cooking and storage processes using the abts(*+) radical cation assay. | culinary herbs have the potential to be a significant source of antioxidants in the diet. however, many culinary herbs are cooked or undergo some other form of processing before they are consumed as part of a meal and such factors may affect their significance as a source of dietary antioxidants. thus, the impact of cooking (simmering, microwaving, stewing, stir frying and grilling) and storage (vinegar maceration, cold maceration and freezing) on the antioxidant capacity of common culinary herb ... | 2008 | 18224444 |
| analysis of the volatile compounds of flowers and essential oils from lavandula angustifolia cultivated in northeastern italy by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | headspace solid-phase microextraction (hs-spme) coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry using the divinyl/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (dvb-car-pdms) fibre was applied for the analysis of aroma profiles of lavandula angustifolia l. flowers and the corresponding essential oils. the optimal sampling time was determined by studying the equilibrium time profile of the major volatile compounds for the lavender flowers (50 min) and the essential oil (20 min). comparative analysis of l. an ... | 2008 | 18247262 |
| effect of commercially available plant-derived essential oil products on arthropod pests. | plant-derived essential oil products, in general, are considered minimum-risk pesticides and are exempt from environmental protection agency registration under section 25(b) of the federal insecticide fungicide and rodenticide act. however, many of the plant-derived essential products available to consumers (homeowners) have not been judiciously evaluated for both efficacy and plant safety. in fact, numerous plant-derived essential oil products labeled for control of arthropod pests have not bee ... | 2009 | 19736770 |
| the effect of essential oils on work-related stress in intensive care unit nurses. | this small pilot study evaluated the effect of a topical application of the essential oils lavandula angustifolia and salvia sclaria on work-related stress of nurses in an icu setting. results demonstrated decreased perception of stress level in the intervention group during three 12-hour worked shifts. | 2008 | 18317288 |
| investigation of the anxiolytic effects of linalool, a lavender extract, in the male sprague-dawley rat. | the purpose of our study was to investigate the anxiolytic effects of linalool and its potential interaction with the gabaa receptor in sprague-dawley rats. lavender has been used traditionally as an herbal remedy in the treatment of many medical conditions, including anxiety. linalool is a major component of the essential oil of lavender. forty-four rats were divided into 4 groups: control, linalool, midazolam (positive control), and flumazenil and linalool. the behavioral and the neurohormonal ... | 2008 | 18323320 |
| inhibition of quorum-sensing signals by essential oils. | the role of quorum sensing (qs) is well known in microbial pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. qs is responsible for motility, swarming, and biofilm production based on the signal molecules, e.g., acylated homoserine lactones (ahls) produced by micro-organisms above certain population density. the inhibition of qs may reduce pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in systemic and local infections. the homoserine lactones and other transmitters contribute to antibiotic res ... | 2010 | 19827025 |
| essential oils and anxiolytic aromatherapy. | a number of essential oils are currently in use as aromatherapy agents to relieve anxiety, stress, and depression. popular anxiolytic oils include lavender (lavandula angustifolia), rose (rosa damascena), orange (citrus sinensis), bergamot (citrus aurantium), lemon (citrus limon), sandalwood (santalum album), clary sage (salvia sclarea), roman chamomile (anthemis nobilis), and rose-scented geranium (pelargonium spp.). this review discusses the chemical constituents and cns effects of these aroma ... | 2009 | 19831048 |
| lack of prolonged activity of lavender essential oils as acaricides against the poultry red mite (dermanyssusgallinae) under laboratory conditions. | managing the poultry red mite, dermanyssusgallinae (de geer) by conventional means (i.e., synthetic acaricides) has become increasingly problematic. as a possible alternative, research has identified several plant essential oils that are toxic to d. gallinae. however, essential oils are highly volatile and any acaricidal effect they exert could be short-lived in practice. this study investigated the short-lived toxicity of six lavender essential oils to d. gallinae. in sealed petri-dishes, mites ... | 2008 | 18348893 |
| comparative chemometric analyses of geographic origins and compositions of lavandin var. grosso essential oils by mid infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. | lavandin, a sterile hybrid of lavandula angustifolia p. mill. x lavandula latifolia (l.f.) medikus (lamiaceae) is a plant widely cultivated for essential oil production in the south of france. chemometric treatment by mid-infrared (mid-ir) spectroscopy data was assessed for the differentiation of grosso lavandin essential oils of controlled area (gleoca) and results were compared to those obtained by gas chromatography for mid-ir short time technique validation. the quantification of the main 13 ... | 2008 | 18374699 |
| influence of essential and fatty oils on ciliary beat frequency of human nasal epithelial cells. | in alternative and complementary medicine, the use of essential and fatty oils has become more and more popular. in addition to conventional medical therapies, self-medication is showing increasing popularity, using agents with unclear compounds and poorly controlled dosages. among other disorders, these alternative treatments are used in bronchitis and rhinitis, including some topical applications. thus, the influence on ciliated epithelia should be evaluated, because a disturbance of the cilia ... | 2008 | 18416967 |
| oral malodor reduction by a palatal mucoadhesive tablet containing herbal formulation. | the aim of the present study was to test the effect of a palatal mucoadhesive tablet containing an herbal formulation on oral malodor production and volatile sulfide compound (vsc) levels, and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity. | 2008 | 18468761 |
| expression of spearmint limonene synthase in transgenic spike lavender results in an altered monoterpene composition in developing leaves. | we generated transgenic spike lavender (lavandula latifolia) plants constitutively expressing the limonene synthase (ls) gene from spearmint (mentha spicata), encoding the ls enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of limonene from geranyl diphosphate. overexpression of the ls transgene did not consistently affect monoterpene profile in pooled leaves or flowers from transgenic t(0) plants. analyses from cohorts of leaves sampled at different developmental stages showed that essential oil accumulatio ... | 2008 | 18514005 |
| day-night difference in thermoregulatory responses to olfactory stimulation. | previously, we observed that olfactory stimulation with scent of grapefruit oil (sgfo) or scent of lavender oil (slvo) affected, elevated or lowered brown adipose tissue temperature (bat-t) in conscious mice, respectively. in the present study, to test the day-night difference in the actions of olfactory stimulations, we examined the responses of bat-t and body temperature (bt) measured as the abdominal temperature to sgfo or slvo during day-time at 14:00 and night-time at 2:00 in conscious rats ... | 2008 | 18514405 |
| antibacterial activity of essential oils from palmarosa, evening primrose, lavender and tuberose. | essential oils extracted from flower petals of palmarosa (cymbopogon martini), evening primrose (primula rosea), lavender (lavandula angustifolia) and tuberose (polianthus tuberosa) were tested for their antibacterial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. different concentrations of each essential oil ranging from 10-100% were tested. both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were found susceptible to the studied flower essential oils. with increase in concentration of ... | 2009 | 20336210 |
| prepubertal gynecomastia linked to lavender and tea tree oils. | most cases of male prepubertal gynecomastia are classified as idiopathic. we investigated possible causes of gynecomastia in three prepubertal boys who were otherwise healthy and had normal serum concentrations of endogenous steroids. in all three boys, gynecomastia coincided with the topical application of products that contained lavender and tea tree oils. gynecomastia resolved in each patient shortly after the use of products containing these oils was discontinued. furthermore, studies in hum ... | 2007 | 17267908 |
| lavandula angustifolia essential oil as a novel and promising natural candidate for tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus) control. | lavandula angustifolia is a well known herbal medicine with a variety of useful properties, including its acaricidal effect. this experiment was carried out to study the bioacaricidal activity of l. angustifolia essential oil (eo) against engorged rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus (acari; ixodidae) females. for this purpose six serial concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0% w/v) of l. angustifolia eo were used. there was considerable mortality in concentrations more than 4.0% although ... | 2010 | 20433836 |
| combined effect of heat, essential oils and salt on fungicidal activity against trichophyton mentagrophytes in a foot bath. | this work was originally undertaken to determine the effective conditions of essential oils against trichophyton mentagrophytes in vitro for the treatment of tinea pedis in a foot bath. agar blocks implanted with t. mentagrophytes were immersed in 0.1% aqueous agar containing two-fold dilutions of essential oils with or without sodium chloride at 27 degrees c, 37 degrees c and 42 degrees c for 10 and 20 min. the number of surviving mycelia on the agar blocks was determined from the standard curv ... | 2007 | 17287720 |
| inhaled linalool-induced sedation in mice. | linalool is a monoterpene often found as a major component of essential oils obtained from aromatic plant species, many of which are used in traditional medical systems as hypno-sedatives. psychopharmacological evaluations of linalool (i.p. and i.c.v.) revealed marked sedative and anticonvulsant central effects in various mouse models. considering this profile and alleged effects of inhaled lavender essential oil, the purpose of this study was to examine the sedative effects of inhaled linalool ... | 2009 | 18824339 |
| lavender, tea tree and lemon oils as antimicrobials in washing liquids and soft body balms. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of commercial essential oils: lavender, tea tree and lemon, antimicrobials in washing liquid and o/w soft body balm. the inhibition efficacy of essential oils in washing liquid (1% alone or in mixtures), in soft body balm (0.5% alone), as well as combined with the synthetic preservative dmdm hydantoin and 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate mixture (0.1 and 0.3%), was tested against s. aureus atcc 6538, p. aeruginosa atcc 9027, candi ... | 2011 | 20572887 |
| growth inhibition of aspergillus ochraceus zmpbf 318 and penicillium expansum zmpbf 565 by four essential oils. | fungi produce a large variety of extracellular proteins, organic acids, and other metabolites and can adapt to several environmental conditions. mycotoxin-producing moulds of the genera aspergillus and penicillium are common food contaminants. one of the natural ways to protect food from mould contamination is to use essential oils. in this study, we evaluated the effect of essential oils of cinnamon, lavender, rosemary, and sage at 1 % (v/v) concentration in yeast media inoculated with spores ( ... | 2010 | 20587393 |
| improved microwave steam distillation apparatus for isolation of essential oils. comparison with conventional steam distillation. | steam distillation (sd) is routinely used by analysts for the isolation of essential oils from herbs, flowers and spices prior to gas chromatographic analysis. in this work, a new process design and operation for an improved microwave steam distillation (msd) of essential oils from aromatic natural products was developed. to demonstrate its feasibility, msd was compared with the conventional technique, sd, for the analysis of volatile compounds from dry lavender flowers (lavandula angustifolia m ... | 2008 | 18849039 |
| pharmacological profile of essential oils derived from lavandula angustifolia and melissa officinalis with anti-agitation properties: focus on ligand-gated channels. | both melissa officinalis (mo) and lavandula angustifolia (la) essential oils have putative anti-agitation properties in humans, indicating common components with a depressant action in the central nervous system. a dual radioligand binding and electrophysiological study, focusing on a range of ligand-gated ion channels, was performed with a chemically validated essential oil derived from la, which has shown clinical benefit in treating agitation. la inhibited [35s] tbps binding to the rat forebr ... | 2008 | 18957173 |
| lavandula angustifolia miller: english lavender. | folk and traditional therapeutic use of the essential oil of english lavender for pain, infection, relaxation, and sedation dates back centuries. current research focusing on the inherent synergism of lavandula angustifolia miller demonstrates great potential for future applications. today's investigations may provide the key to eradicating degenerative inflammatory disease, infectious disease, and carcinogenesis. | 2009 | 19104276 |
| the antimicrobial activity of high-necrodane and other lavender oils on methicillin-sensitive and -resistant staphylococcus aureus (mssa and mrsa). | the objective of this study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of several lavender oils, used singly and in combination, on methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mssa and mrsa). | 2009 | 19249919 |
| anti-biofilm properties of satureja hortensis l. essential oil against periodontal pathogens. | essential oils of several plants are widely used in ethnomedicine for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. however, very limited data exist on their use in connection to periodontal diseases. the aim of the present study was to investigate the bacterial growth inhibiting and anti-biofilm effects of satureja hortensis l. (summer savory), salvia fruticosa m. (sage), lavandula stoechas l. (lavender), myrtus communis l., and juniperus communis l. (juniper) essential oils. chemical c ... | 2009 | 19285147 |
| biodegradable gelatin-chitosan films incorporated with essential oils as antimicrobial agents for fish preservation. | essential oils of clove (syzygium aromaticum l.), fennel (foeniculum vulgare miller), cypress (cupressus sempervirens l.), lavender (lavandula angustifolia), thyme (thymus vulgaris l.), herb-of-the-cross (verbena officinalis l.), pine (pinus sylvestris) and rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis) were tested for their antimicrobial activity on 18 genera of bacteria, which included some important food pathogen and spoilage bacteria. clove essential oil showed the highest inhibitory effect, followed by ... | 2010 | 20688230 |
| essential oil composition and larvicidal activity of six mediterranean aromatic plants against the mosquito aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | laboratory bioassays on insecticidal activity of essential oils (eos) extracted from six mediterranean plants (achillea millefolium, lavandula angustifolia, helichrysum italicum, foeniculum vulgare, myrtus communis, and rosmarinus officinalis) were carried out against the larvae of the culicidae mosquito aedes albopictus. the chemical composition of the six eos was also investigated. results from applications showed that all tested oils had insecticidal activity, with differences in mortality ra ... | 2010 | 20697909 |
| the battle against multi-resistant strains: renaissance of antimicrobial essential oils as a promising force to fight hospital-acquired infections. | hospital-acquired infections and antibiotic-resistant bacteria continue to be major health concerns worldwide. particularly problematic is methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and its ability to cause severe soft tissue, bone or implant infections. first used by the australian aborigines, tea tree oil and eucalyptus oil (and several other essential oils) have each demonstrated promising efficacy against several bacteria and have been used clinically against multi-resistant strains. ... | 2009 | 19473851 |
| evaluation of the effect of topical application of lavender oil on autonomic nerve activity in dogs. | to investigate the effect of topical application of undiluted lavender oil on sympathovagal activity in dogs. | 2009 | 19496667 |
| effect of lavender oil on motor function and dopamine receptor expression in the olfactory bulb of mice. | although treatment with the essential oil of lavender induces neuroemotional changes, there is a lack of data regarding its specific effects on neurotransduction, especially dopaminergic neurotransduction. we investigated the relationship between altered motor activity and changes in the expression of dopamine receptors (dr), particularly the receptor subtypes d2 and d3, in lavender oil-treated mice. | 2009 | 19560529 |