| activity stain for rapid characterization of pectic enzymes in isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. | a system was developed for the rapid characterization of microbial pectic enzyme complexes and then tested on erwinia chrysanthemi and sclerotium rolfsii. pectic enzymes in minute samples of crude culture filtrates were resolved by ultrathin-layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then assayed with an ultrathin pectate-agarose overlay stained with ruthenium red. the simple procedure can be completed within 30 min after isoel ... | 1985 | 16346881 |
| in vivo volatile emissions from peanut plants induced by simultaneous fungal infection and insect damage. | peanut plants, arachis hypogaea, infected with white mold. sclerotium rolfsii, emit a blend of organic compounds that differs both quantitatively and qualitatively from the blend emitted from plants damaged by beet armyworm (baw; spodoptera exigua) larvae or from uninfected, undamaged plants. attackby baw induced release of lipoxygenase products (hexenols, hexenals, and hexenyl esters), terpenoids, and indole. the plant-derived compound methyl salicylate and the fungal-derived compound 3-octanon ... | 2002 | 11868672 |
| determination of cellular carbohydrates in peanut fungal pathogens and baker's yeast by capillary electrophoresis and electrochromatography. | in this work, the quantitation of cellular carbohydrates, namely chitin and glucan, in peanut fungal pathogens and baker's yeast was carried out by capillary electrophoresis (ce) and capillary electrochromatography (cec). the chitin and glucan of the fungi were hydrolyzed by the enzymes chitinase and glucanase, respectively, to their corresponding sugar monomers n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) and glucose (glc). these two monosaccharides were then tagged with 6-aminoquinoline (6-aq) to allow their ... | 2001 | 11714314 |
| production and properties of alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from corticium rolfsii. | when corticium rolfsii is grown under aerobic conditions in a medium containing one of several simple sugars or polysaccharides, it release alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase into the culture fluid. araban and bran extract were found to be the most effective carbon sources in stimulating the production of the enzyme. pectin and arabinose stimulated the production of the enzyme to a lesser degree, whereas xylose, glucose, galactose, and sucrose caused the formation of a relatively small amount of alpha- ... | 1969 | 16349850 |
| carbohydrate specificity of a lectin isolated from the fungus sclerotium rolfsii. | in order to investigate the functional roles of a phytopathogenic fungal lectin (srl) isolated from the bodies of sclerotium rolfsii, the binding properties of srl were studied by enzyme linked lectinosorbent assay and by inhibition of srl-glycan interaction. among glycoproteins (gp) tested for binding, srl reacted strongly with galnac alpha1-->4ser/thr (tn) and/or gal beta1-->3galnac alpha1-->(t(alpha)) containing gps: human t(alpha) and tn glycophorin, asialo salivary gps, and asialofetuin, bu ... | 2001 | 11589519 |
| histopathological studies of sclerotia of phytopathogenic fungi parasitized by a gfp transformed trichoderma virens antagonistic strain. | the gfp gene from the jellyfish aequorea victoria, coding for the green fluorescent protein (gfp), was used as a reporter gene to transform a trichoderma virens strain i10, characterized as having a promising biocontrol activity against a large number of phytopathogenic fungi. on the basis of molecular and biological results, a stable gfp transformant was selected for further experiments. in order to evaluate the effects of gfp transformation on mycoparasitic ability of t. virens i10, sclerotia ... | 2006 | 16388938 |
| indigo degradation with purified laccases from trametes hirsuta and sclerotium rolfsii. | the degradation of the textile dye indigo with purified laccases from the fungi trametes hirsuta (thl1 and thl2) and sclerotium rolfsii (srl1) was studied. all laccases were able to oxidize indigo yielding isatin (indole-2,3-dione), which was further decomposed to anthranilic acid (2-aminobenzoic acid). based on the oxygen consumption rate of the laccases during indigo degradation, a potential mechanism for the oxidation of indigo involving the step-wise abstraction of four electrons from indigo ... | 2001 | 11500206 |
| cell surface display of chi92 on escherichia coli using ice nucleation protein for improved catalytic and antifungal activity. | the gene encoding chitinase 92 (chi92) from aeromonas hydrophila jp10 has been displayed on the cell surface of escherichia coli using the n-terminal region of ice nucleation proteins (inpn) as an anchoring motif. immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that chi92 was anchored on the cell surface. western blot analysis further identified the synthesis of inp derivatives containing the n-terminal domain inpn-chi92 fusion protein of the expected size (112 kda). whole cell enzyme assay indicated th ... | 2006 | 16487328 |
| biocontrol of collar rot disease of betelvine (piper betle l.) caused by sclerotium rolfsii by using rhizosphere-competent pseudomonas fluorescens nbri-n6 and p. fluorescens nbri-n. | collar rot disease of betelvine (piper betle l.) caused by sclerotium rolfsii is difficult to control by conventional means by use of chemicals; therefore, use of biocontrol agents is desirable. in the present study, 186 bacterial strains of different morphological types were screened for their biocontrol activity against s. rolfsii under in vitro conditions. two strains, pseudomonas fluorescens nbri-n6 and p. fluorescens nbri-n, were selected for further studies because of their ability to inhi ... | 2003 | 14506865 |
| immunolocalization and functional role of sclerotium rolfsii lectin in development of fungus by interaction with its endogenous receptor. | many fungi are known to secrete lectins, but their functional roles are not clearly understood. sclerotium rolfsii, a soilborne plant pathogenic fungus capable of forming fruiting bodies called sclerotial bodies, secrete a cell wall-associated thomsen-friedenreich antigen-specific lectin. to understand the functional role of this lectin, we examined its occurrence and expression during development of the fungus. furthermore, putative endogenous receptors of the lectin were examined to substantia ... | 2004 | 15253931 |
| fungistatic and bacteriostatic activities of alkamides from heliopsis longipes roots: affinin and reduced amides. | this work demonstrates the fungistatic and bacteriostatic activities of affinin, the main alkamide of heliopsis longipes (gray) blake (asteraceae) roots and two alkamides obtained by catalytic reduction of affinin: n-isobutyl-2e-decenamide and n-isobutyl-decanamide. the bioactivity was tested against rhizoctonia solani groups ag3 and ag5, sclerotium rolfsii, sclerotium cepivorum, fusarium sp., vertcillium sp., phytopathogenic fungi; phytophthora infestans, a phytopathogenic chromista; saccharomy ... | 2004 | 15264902 |
| biosensor based on cellobiose dehydrogenase for detection of catecholamines. | a cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh)-modified graphite electrode was designed for amperometric detection of catecholamines in the flow injection mode, by their recycling between the graphite electrode (+300 mv vs ag|agcl) and the reduced fad cofactor of adsorbed cdh, resulting in an amplified response signal. the high efficiency of the enzyme-catecholamine reaction leads to a detection limit below 1 nm and a sensitivity of 15.8 a.m(-1) x cm(-2) (approximately 1150 na/microm) for noradrenaline, with ... | 2004 | 15307778 |
| purification and characterization of an exochitinase from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai and its action against phytopathogenic fungi. | a chitinolytic enzyme from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai has been purified and its molecular mass was estimated ca. 66 kda by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the enzyme was able to hydrolyze chitin to chitobiosides but not carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose, pullulan, and laminarin. optimal ph and temperature were detected at 6 and 50 degrees c, respectively. stability, in the absence of substrate, was observed at temperatures less than 60 degrees c a ... | 2006 | 16917521 |
| molecular cloning, recombinant gene expression, and antifungal activity of cystatin from taro (colocasia esculenta cv. kaosiung no. 1). | a cdna clone, designated cecpi, encoding a novel phytocystatin was isolated from taro corms (colocasia esculenta) using both degenerated primers/rt-pcr amplification and 5'-/3'-race extension. the full-length cdna gene is 1,008 bp in size, encodes 206 amino acid residues, with a deduced molecular weight of 29 kda. it contains a conserved reactive site motif gln-val-val-ser-gly of cysteine protease inhibitors, and another consensus arfav sequence for phytocystatin. sequence analysis revealed that ... | 2005 | 15647900 |
| plant growth-promoting methylobacterium induces defense responses in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) compared with rot pathogens. | this study, framed in two different phases, studied the plant-growth promotion and the induction of systemic resistance in groundnut by methylobacterium. seed imbibition with methylobacterium sp. increased germination by 19.5% compared with controls. combined inoculation of methylobacterium sp. with rhizobium sp. also significantly increased plant growth, nodulation, and yield attributes in groundnut compared with individual inoculation of rhizobium sp. methylobacterium sp. challenge-inoculated ... | 2006 | 16941245 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel mung bean protease inhibitor with antipathogenic and anti-proliferative activities. | a novel protease inhibitor, designated mungoin, with both antifungal and antibacterial activities, and exhibiting a molecular mass of 10kda in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was isolated from mung bean (phaseolus mungo) seeds. the isolation procedure involved a combination of extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on cm-sephadex, and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on sp-toyopearl. its isoelectric point was estimated to be 9.8 by isoelectri ... | 2006 | 16971020 |
| evaluation of chenopodium ambrosioides oil as a potential source of antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant activity. | essential oil extracted from the leaves of chenopodium ambrosioides linn. (chenopodiaceae) was tested against the aflatoxigenic strain of test fungus aspergillus flavus link. the oil completely inhibited the mycelial growth at 100 microg/ml. the oil exhibited broad fungitoxic spectrum against aspergillus niger, aspergillus fumigatus, botryodiplodia theobromae, fusarium oxysporum, sclerotium rolfsii, macrophomina phaseolina, cladosporium cladosporioides, helminthosporium oryzae and pythium debary ... | 2007 | 17174000 |
| structural basis for the carbohydrate recognition of the sclerotium rolfsii lectin. | the crystal structure of a novel fungal lectin from sclerotium rolfsii (srl) in its free form and in complex with n-acetyl-d-galactosamine (galnac) and n-acetyl- d -glucosamine (glcnac) has been determined at 1.1 a, 2.0 a, and 1.7 a resolution, respectively. the protein structure is composed of two beta-sheets, which consist of four and six beta-strands, connected by two alpha-helices. sequence and structural comparisons reveal that srl is the third member of a newly identified family of fungal ... | 2007 | 17391699 |
| a chitinase with antifungal activity from the mung bean. | a chitinase with antifungal activity was isolated from mung bean (phaseolus mungo) seeds. the procedure entailed aqueous extraction, (nh4)2so4 precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose, high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on poros hs-20, and gel filtration on sephadex g-75. the protein exhibited a molecular mass of 30.8 kda in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. its pi was 6.3 as determined by isoelectric focusing. the specific activity of the chitinase was estimat ... | 2005 | 15766863 |
| molecular cloning, characterization, and expression of a chitinase from the entomopathogenic fungus paecilomyces javanicus. | paecilomyces javanicus is an entomopathogenic fungus of coleopteran and lepidopteran insects. here we report on cloning, characterization, and expression patterns of a chitinase from p. javanicus. a strong chitinase activity was detected in p. javanicus cultures added to chitin. the full-length cdna, designated pjchi-1, was cloned from mycelia by using both degenerate primer/reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplification and 5'-/3'-race extension. the 1.18-kb cdna gene co ... | 2007 | 17551789 |
| production of scleroglucan from sclerotium rolfsii mtcc 2156. | scleroglucan, a neutral homopolysaccaride consisting of a linear chain of beta-d-(1-3)-glucopyranosyl and beta-d-(1-6)-glucopyranosyl groups, was produced by pure culture fermentation from sclerotium rolfsii mtcc 2156 by submerged culture. fermentation process was optimized in two steps. in the first step, one-factor-at-a-time method was used to investigate the effects of medium constituents such as carbon and nitrogen sources. in the second step, concentration of medium components was optimized ... | 2006 | 16026982 |
| [study of the effect of volatile metabolites of trichoderma hamatum on the growth of phytopathogenic soilborne fungi.]. | volatile compounds produced by trichoderma hamatum were tested for their capacity to suppress in vitro the growth of alternaria citri, bipolaris cynodontis, bipolaris sorokiniana, curvularia brachyspora, curvularia lunata, curvularia oryzae-sativae, drechslera tritici-repentis, rhizoctonia solani, sclerotinia minor and sclerotium rolfsii. the organisms were cultured in an apparatus made with two erlenmeyer flasks assembled by their top parts. with the aid of the gas chromatographic technique the ... | 1997 | 17655390 |
| further evidence relative to the varietal resistance of peanuts to sclerotium rolfsii. | | 1918 | 17750216 |
| fungitoxicity of lyophilized and spray-dried garlic extracts. | among the compounds discussed for anti-microbial and anti-fungal use allicin (allylthiosulfinate, diallyl disulfide-s-monoxide), an active ingredient of garlic, has attracted considerable attention. the objective of this study is to determine the antifungal activity of a local garlic ecotype (voghiera) extracts against different pathogens. primary screening was carried out by the agar plates technique using ethanol garlic extract at four final concentrations against the following organisms: alte ... | 2007 | 17763036 |
| thiol redox state and oxidative stress affect sclerotial differentiation of the phytopathogenic fungi sclerotium rolfsii and sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | to investigate the involvement of oxidative stress and thiol redox state (trs) in sclerotial differentiation of sclerotium rolfsii and sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | 2008 | 17850300 |
| trichoderma mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling is involved in induction of plant systemic resistance. | the role of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) tmka in inducing systemic resistance in cucumber against the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. lacrymans was investigated by using tmka loss-of-function mutants of trichoderma virens. in an assay where trichoderma spores were germinated in proximity to cucumber roots, the mutants were able to colonize the plant roots as effectively as the wild-type strain but failed to induce full systemic resistance against the leaf pathogen. inter ... | 2005 | 16204544 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of taro (colocasia esculenta (l.) schott) with a rice chitinase gene for improved tolerance to a fungal pathogen sclerotium rolfsii. | taro (colocasia esculenta) is one of the most important crops in the pacific islands, however, taro yields have been declining in hawaii over the past 30 years partly due to diseases caused by oomycete and fungal pathogens. in this study, an efficient agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for taro is first reported. in total, approximately 200 pieces (8 g) of embryogenic calluses were infected with the super-virulent a. tumefaciens strain eha105 harboring the plant transformat ... | 2008 | 18301900 |
| spectral and thermal studies with anti-fungal aspects of some organotin(iv) complexes with nitrogen and sulphur donor ligands derived from 2-phenylethylamine. | some complexes of 2-phenylethyl dithiocarbamate, thiohydrazides and thiodiamines with dibenzyltin(iv) chloride, tribenzyltin(iv) chloride and di(para-chlorobenzyl)tin(iv) dichloride have been synthesized and investigated in 1:2 and 1:1 molar ratio. the dithiocarbamate ligand act as monoanionic bidentate and thiohydrazide, thiodiamines act as neutral bidentate ligand. the synthesized complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis and molecular weight determination studies and their bondi ... | 2008 | 18337163 |
| effect of temperature on antagonistic and biocontrol potential of trichoderma sp. on sclerotium rolfsii. | sclerotium rolfsii is a destructive soil-borne and post-harvest plant pathogen. use of the antagonistic fungus trichoderma sp. has been earlier reported by us to successfully control this pathogen under post-harvest conditions. in the present paper we report on the effects of temperature on the growth and biocontrol potential of trichoderma sp. on s. rolfsii. experimental results indicated that s. rolfsii and trichoderma sp. have different temperature optima for growth: 30-35 degrees c for the p ... | 1997 | 16283454 |
| enhanced cellulase production by a mutant of sclerotium rolfsii. | a mutant of sclerotium rolfsii cpc 142 that secretes about two times more filter paper-degrading activity in nm-2 growth medium in submerged cultures than the parent strain was obtained by ultraviolet mutagenesis of crushed sclerotia. the production of endo-beta-glucanase in the mutant was affected to a lesser extent. with the parent strain, the addition of 3% rice bran to nm-2 medium was essential for optimal formation of cellulase, including filter paper-degrading activity. however, with the m ... | 1979 | 16345449 |
| pitfalls in the assay of carboxymethylcellulase activity. | a purified endocellulase from sclerotium rolfsii and a crude cellulase preparation from trichoderma reesei are used to illustrate several pitfalls associated with the assay of carboxymethylcellulase activity and the subsequent attainment of linear enzyme dilution curves. it is shown that the nature of both the enzymes and the substrate make the assay unsuitable for use in the calculation of enzyme recovery and purity. | 1983 | 18548658 |
| mode of action and properties of xylanase and beta-xylosidase from neurospora crassa. | extracellular beta-xylosidase (1,4-beta-d-xylan xylohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.37) from culture filtrates of neurospora crassa was purified to homogeneity by preparative isoelectric focusing followed by gel electrophoresis. the molecular weight of the purified xylosidase was 83,000 d and the k(m) on p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-xyloside was 0.047mm. the homogeneous xylanase (1,4-beta-d-xylan xylanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.8) and beta-xylosidase showed differences in their mode of action towards xylooligosaccharides ... | 1986 | 18555300 |
| studies on exudate-depleted sclerotial development in sclerotium rolfsii and the effect of oxalic acid, sclerotial exudate, and culture filtrate on phenolic acid induction in chickpea (cicer arietinum). | exudate depletion from developing sclerotia of sclerotium rolfsii sacc. in culture caused reduced size and weight of sclerotia. germination of exudate-depleted sclerotia was delayed on cyperus rotundus rhizome meal agar medium when compared with that of control sclerotia. the exudate-depleted sclerotia caused infection in chickpea (cicer arietinum) plants in a glasshouse. different temperatures and incubation periods had no effect on the germination ability of the exudate-depleted sclerotia. oxa ... | 2002 | 12109884 |
| fungistatic activity of iron-free bovin lactoferrin against several fungal plant pathogens and antagonists. | lactoferrin (lf) is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding glycoproteins. it is also a multifunctional protein of 80 kda that is synthesized by glandular epithelial cells and secreted into mucosal fluid. high levels of lf are present in colostrom and milk and low levels in tears, saliva, and gastrointestinal and reproductive secretions. data regarding the antifungal effects of lf are limited. studies have been performed on candida albicans, which demonstrated that lf inhibits the gro ... | 2008 | 18629710 |
| effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and culture filtrate of sclerotium rolfsii on phenolic and salicylic acid contents in chickpea (cicer arietinum). | two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr), viz., pseudomonas fluorescens strain pf4 and p. aeruginosa strain pag, protected chickpea ( cicer arietinum) plants from sclerotium rolfsii infection when applied singly or in combination as seed treatment. pag gave the best protection to the seedlings, applied either singly (mortality 16%) or in combination with pf4 (mortality 17%) compared with 44% and 24% mortality in control and pf4 treatment, respectively. the two pgpr strains induced the syn ... | 2003 | 12520369 |
| a thermostable chitinase with chitin-binding activity from phaseolus limensis. | a 28.6-kda chitinase with chitin-binding activity was isolated from the large lima bean (phaseolus limensis) seeds. the procedure entailed extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on sp-toyopearl. there was an almost 108-fold increase in specific activity of the purified chitinase compared with that of the crude extract. the enzyme exhibited a pi of 7.8 by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. the ... | 2008 | 18782228 |
| optimisation of cellobiose dehydrogenase production by the fungus sclerotium (athelia) rolfsii. | the phytopathogenic fungus sclerotium (athelia) rolfsii cbs 191.62 is a very efficient producer of the hemoflavoprotein, cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh), forming up to 225 mg l(-1) (15,000 units cytochrome c activity l(-1)) of this protein, which is of biotechnological interest for sensors, biocatalysis and bioremediation. both cellulose as inducing substrate and the use of a rich medium containing increased concentrations of peptone from meat or suitable amino acids are important for attaining h ... | 2003 | 12658512 |
| tmka, a mitogen-activated protein kinase of trichoderma virens, is involved in biocontrol properties and repression of conidiation in the dark. | trichoderma virens is a mycoparasitic fungus used in biocontrol of soilborne plant pathogens. it inhibits or kills plant-pathogenic fungi through production of antifungal antibiotics and parasitism of hyphae and sclerotia. conidiation, or the production of asexual spores, an inducible process triggered by light or nutrient stress, is an important trait in survival and also development of formulation products. in many fungi, signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) ca ... | 2003 | 12796289 |
| an efficient method for the purification and characterization of nematicidal azadirachtins a, b, and h, using mplc and esims. | azadirachtin a enriched concentrate containing 60% active ingredient (a.i.) was prepared from the methanolic extract of the de-fatted neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) seed kernels. azadirachtins a, b, and h, the three major bioactive constituents of neem seed kernel, were purified from this methanolic concentrate by employing reverse phase medium-pressure liquid chromatography (mplc), using methanol-water solvent system as an eluant. the three pure azadirachtin congeners thus obtained were char ... | 2003 | 12822931 |
| cloning, sequencing, and heterologous expression of a cellobiohydrolase cdna from the basidiomycete corticium rolfsii. | from a corticium rolfsii cdna library, a clone homologous to other fungal cellobiohydrolase (cbh1) genes was isolated using the polymerase chain reaction. in the nucleotide sequence, one 1.6 kb long open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 530 amino acid residues was detected which showed 64% identity with cbh1 of phanerochaete chrysosporium. with expression of the 1.8 kb cdna using the aspergillus oryzae expression system, we detected microcrystalline cellulose (avicel) hydrolyzing activi ... | 2003 | 12843660 |
| modeling the survival of two soilborne pathogens under dry structural solarization. | abstract structural (space) solarization of a closed, empty greenhouse for sanitation involves dry heating to 60 degrees c and higher and low relative humidity (rh), under a fluctuating temperature and rh regime. survival of inocula of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici and sclerotium rolfsii during structural solarization was studied for 4 years (total of 12 experiments) in an attempt to develop a dynamic model for expressing the thermal inactivation of the pathogens. after 20 days o ... | 2003 | 18944324 |
| combined soil treatments and sequence of application in improving the control of soilborne pathogens. | abstract the effects of reduced doses of methyl bromide (mb) or metham sodium, heating, short solarization, and soil microbial activity, alone or in combination, on survival of soilborne fungal pathogens were tested in a controlled-environment system and field plots. sublethal doses of heating or mb delayed germination of sclerotium rolfsii sclerotia. combining mb and heating treatments was more effective than either treatment alone in controlling s. rolfsii and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilic ... | 2000 | 18944494 |
| simultaneous production and synergistic action of oxalic acid and polygalacturonase during pathogenesis by sclerotium rolfsii. | | 1965 | 14274523 |
| decolorization of textile dyes by laccases from a newly isolated strain of trametes modesta. | four ligninolytic fungi, trametes modesta, trametes hirsuta, trametes versicolor and sclerotium rolfsii, were compared for their ability to produce laccases. the fungal laccases were screened for their ability to decolorize eight synthetic dyes (anthraquinone, azo, indigo and triarylmethane). the decolorization rate depended both on the source of the enzyme preparation and on the structure of the dye. based on laccase production and dye decolorizing ability, t. modesta was selected for further s ... | 2002 | 11996335 |
| effect of beta-glucans on an etec infection in piglets. | the effect of orally administered beta-glucans in protecting pigs against an etec infection after weaning was analysed in this study. three beta-glucans that differed in origin (saccharomyces cerevisiae (mcg (macrogard) and g2) or sclerotium rolfsii (g3)) and/or extraction procedure were tested. pigs fed for 2 weeks after weaning with these glucans were less susceptible to an f4+ etec infection in comparison with the control group. this was evidenced by a reduction in the faecal excretion of f4+ ... | 2009 | 19046775 |
| in vitro evaluation on inhibitory nature of some neem formulations against plant pathogenic fungi. | different neem formulations derived from the neem tree (azadirachta indica) have been found to be potential fungicides against a broad spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi. some neem formulations viz. achook (0.15% ec), bioneem (0.03% ec), nimbecidine (0.03% ec) and neemark (0.03% ec) were examined against some plant pathogenic fungi such as (fusarium oxysporum, alternaria solani, curvularia lunata, helminthosporium sp. and sclerotium rolfsii). among these achook (0.15% ec) was found to be more ac ... | 1999 | 12024976 |
| volatile compounds emitted by sclerotia of sclerotinia minor, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and sclerotium rolfsii. | volatile compounds emitted by sclerotia of sclerotinia minor, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and sclerotium rolfsii were identified by solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography and mass spectometry. both s. minor and s. sclerotiorum emitted 2-methylenebornane and 2-methylisoborneol. in addition, s. minor emitted mesityl oxide, gamma-butyrolactone, cis- and trans-linalool oxide, linalool, and trans-nerolidol. s. sclerotiorum emitted 2-methyl-2-bornene, 1-methylcamphene, and a diterpen ... | 2002 | 12059156 |
| induction of mannanase, xylanase, and endoglucanase activities in sclerotium rolfsii. | induction of mannanase, xylanase, and cellulase (endoglucanase) synthesis in the plant-pathogenic basidiomycete sclerotium rolfsii was studied by incubating noninduced, resting mycelia with a number of mono-, oligo-, and polysaccharides. the simultaneous formation of these three endoglycanases could be provoked by several polysaccharides structurally resembling the carbohydrate constituents of lignocellulose (e.g., mannan and cellulose), by various disaccharide catabolites of these lignocellulos ... | 1998 | 16349502 |
| post harvest spoilage of sweetpotato in tropics and control measures. | sweetpotato storage roots are subjected to several forms of post harvest spoilage in the tropical climate during transportation from farmers' field to market and in storage. these are due to mechanical injury, weight loss, sprouting, and pests and diseases. sweetpotato weevil is the single most important storage pest in tropical regions for which no control measures or resistant variety are yet available. several microorganisms (mostly fungi) have been found to induce spoilage in stored sweetpot ... | 2005 | 16371331 |
| identification and investigation on antagonistic effect of trichoderma spp. on tea seedlings white foot and root rot (sclerotium rolfsii sacc.) in vitro condition. | the aim of this two years research work is to recognize bio control agents and its antagonistic efficiency on sclerotium rolfsii in vitro condition. sclerotium rolfsii sacc. is a causal agent of white foot and root rot disease in many plants. this fungi causing damage in tea nurseries of tea cultivated countries especially in iran. due to importance this disease in tea nurseries of iran and impossibility using of chemical control against this damaging agent in this research, five species of tric ... | 2008 | 19137869 |
| antifungal efficacy of chitosan and its thiourea derivatives upon the growth of some sugar-beet pathogens. | chitosan (cs) was modified by reaction with benzoyl thiocyanate to give a thiourea derivative (tucs). the antifungal behavior of chitosan and its thiourea derivative was investigated in vitro on the mycelial growth, sporulation and germination of conidia or sclerotia of the following sugar-beet: beta vulgaris pathogens isolated in egypt, rhizoctonia solani kühn (ag(2-2)) sclerotium rolfsii sacc. and fusarium solani (mart.) sacc. all the prepared thiourea derivatives had a significant inhibiting ... | 2006 | 16413607 |
| effects of switchgrass (panicum virgatum) rotations with peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) on nematode populations and soil microflora. | a 3-year field rotation study was conducted to assess the potential of switchgrass (panicum virgatum) to suppress root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne arenaria), southern blight (sclerotium rolfsii), and aflatoxigenic fungi (aspergillus sp.) in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) and to assess shifts in microbial populations following crop rotation. switchgrass did not support populations of root-knot nematodes but supported high populations of nonparasitic nematodes. peanut with no nematicide applied and ... | 2002 | 19265915 |
| antifungal activity of 4-methyl-6-alkyl-2h-pyran-2-ones. | a number of 4-methyl-6-alkyl-alpha-pyrones were synthesized and characterized on the basis of 1h nmr and mass spectroscopy. these compounds were tested in vitro against pathogenic fungi, namely, sclerotium rolfsii saccardo, rhizoctonia bataticola (taub.) butler, pythium aphanidermatum (edson) fitz., macrophomina phaseolina (tassi), pythium debaryanum (hesse), and rhizoctonia solani nees. lower homologues were less effective, whereas compounds such as 4-methyl-6-butyl-alpha-pyrone, 4-methyl-6-pen ... | 2006 | 16536586 |
| reaction of selected soybean cultivars to rhizoctonia root rot and other damping-off disease agents. | eight soybean cultivars; giza 21. giza 22, giza 35, giza 82, giza 83, crawford, holladay and toamo were evaluated to rhizoctonia root rot using agar plate and potted plant techniques. data cleared that, in agar plate assay all soybean cultivars were moderately susceptible (ms), although the differences between them were significant (p=0.05). generally, in potted assay, the reactions were resistant (r) or moderately resistant (mr) to root rots. also, the differences between cultivars were signifi ... | 2005 | 16637203 |
| enhanced production of scleroglucan by sclerotium rolfsii mtcc 2156 by use of metabolic precursors. | the aim of this work was to study the effect of addition of different amino acids and sugar nucleotides as metabolic precursors on the production of scleroglucan. a maximum yield of 20.00 g/l and 22.32 g/l was obtained with optimized media supplemented with l-lysine (1.1 mm) and uridine mono-phosphate (ump), respectively as compared to 16.52 g/l scleroglucan achieved with the control in the absence of metabolic precursors. | 2007 | 16806909 |
| use of complex media for the production of scleroglucan by sclerotium rolfsii mtcc 2156. | submerged fermentation was carried out for the production of scleroglucan by sclerotium rolfsii mtcc 2156 using complex media, such as coconut water, sugarcane molasses and sugarcane juice at 28+/-2 degrees c and 180 rpm for 72 h. sugarcane juice gave maximum scleroglucan production of 23.87 g/l as compared to 12.58 and 18.45 g/l with coconut water and sugarcane molasses, respectively. utilization of these substrates would be ecologically sound and economically advantageous. | 2007 | 16822667 |
| viridenepoxydiol, a new pentasubstituted oxiranyldecene produced by trichoderma viride. | a new pentasubstituted oxiranyldecene, named viridenepoxydiol, has been isolated (0.9 mg/l) from the culture filtrate of a strain of trichoderma viride showing in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity against sclerotium rolfsii, which is the causal agent of crown and stem rot of artichoke. viridenepoxydiol was characterized as 3,5,9-trimethyl-2-oxiranyl-dec-8-ene-2,5-diol (3) using spectroscopic methods. it showed inhibitor effect on mycelial growth of s. rolfsii and its minimum inhibitory con ... | 2006 | 16939313 |
| camp signalling is involved in growth, germination, mycoparasitism and secondary metabolism in trichoderma virens. | an adenylate-cyclase-encoding gene, tac1, of trichoderma virens, a soil fungus used in the biocontrol of plant pathogens, has been cloned and sequenced. the tac1 orf spanned 7032 bp, encoding a protein of 2153 aa, which shared an identity of 65 % with the adenylate cyclase of colletotrichum lagenarium. deletion of tac1, through double-crossover homologous recombination, lowered the intracellular camp levels to below the detection limit. the mutants showed only 5-6 % of the wild-type growth rate ... | 2007 | 17526831 |
| in vitro and in vivo antagonism of actinomycetes isolated from moroccan rhizospherical soils against sclerotium rolfsii: a causal agent of root rot on sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). | to evaluate the ability of the isolated actinomycetes to inhibit in vitro plant pathogenic fungi and the efficacy of promising antagonistic isolates to reduce in vivo the incidence of root rot induced by sclerotium rolfsii on sugar beet. | 2009 | 19302305 |
| sclerotium rolfsii scleroglucan: the promising behavior of a natural polysaccharide as a drug delivery vehicle, suspension stabilizer and emulsifier. | gel matrices of scleroglucans from sclerotium rolfsii atcc 201126 (eps i and eps ii, from 48-h and 72-h fermentations, respectively) were evaluated on their release kinetics of theophylline (th). equivalent polymer (2%, w/w) and th (0.2%, w/w) concentrations showed almost coincident drug release patterns, independently of polymer molecular weight or the microstructural properties of gel matrices. dynamic rheological studies of scleroglucan hydrogel structures (storage, g', and loss, g'', moduli) ... | 2007 | 17586039 |
| x-ray sequence ambiguities of sclerotium rolfsii lectin resolved by mass spectrometry. | x-ray crystallography, although a powerful technique for determining the three-dimensional structure of proteins, poses inherent problems in assigning the primary structure in residues asp/asn and glu/gln since these cannot be distinguished decisively in the electron density maps. in our recently published x-ray crystal structure of the sclerotium rolfsii lectin (srl) at 1.1 a resolution, amino acid sequence was initially deduced from the electron density map and residues asp/asn and glu/gln wer ... | 2008 | 18163177 |
| production of lactose-free galacto-oligosaccharide mixtures: comparison of two cellobiose dehydrogenases for the selective oxidation of lactose to lactobionic acid. | galacto-oligosaccharides, complex mixtures of various sugars, are produced by transgalactosylation from lactose using beta-galactosidase and are of great interest for food and feed applications because of their prebiotic properties. most galacto-oligosaccharide preparations currently available in the market contain a significant amount of monosaccharides and lactose. the mixture of galacto-oligosaccharides (galos) in this study produced from lactose using recombinant beta-galactosidase from lact ... | 2008 | 18353295 |
| schiff bases as potential fungicides and nitrification inhibitors. | a number of substituted schiff bases were synthesized and characterized by (1)h nmr and mass spectrometry. these compounds were screened for antifungal activity in vitro against pathogenic fungi, namely, sclerotium rolfsii and rhizoctonia bataticola, and for their effect on nitrification inhibition under laboratory conditions. maximum antifungal activity was exhibited by (2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-amine and (3-nitrobenzylidene)-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-amine against both fu ... | 2009 | 19702271 |
| thiol redox state and related enzymes in sclerotium-forming filamentous phytopathogenic fungi. | thiol redox state (trs) reduced and oxidized components form profiles characteristic of each of the four main types of differentiation in the sclerotiogenic phytopathogenic fungi: loose, terminal, lateral-chained, and lateral-simple, represented by rhizoctonia solani, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, sclerotium rolfsii, and sclerotinia minor, respectively. a common feature of these fungi is that as their undifferentiated mycelium enters the differentiated state, it is accompanied by a decrease in the l ... | 2008 | 18400483 |
| production of hemicellulose- and cellulose-degrading enzymes by various strains of sclerotium rolfsii. | a number of wild-type isolates of sclerotium rolfsii were screened for their capacity to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes when grown on a cellulose-based medium.s. rolfsii proved to be an efficient producer of hemicellulolytic enzymes under the conditions selected for this screening, although there was a great variability in enzyme activities formed by the different isolates. in addition to xylanase and mannanase, which were produced in remarkably high levels, a number of accessory enzymes, whi ... | 1997 | 18576081 |
| fungitoxicity of some higher plants and synergistic activity of their essential oils against sclerotium rolfsii sacc. causing foot-rot disease of barley. | twenty five plant species were screened for their volatile components against hyphal growth and sclerotia formation of sclerotium rolfsii causing foot rot disease of barley (hordeum vulgare). leaves of chenopodium ambrosioides (ca), lippia alba (la), azadirachta indica (ai) and eucalyptus globulus (eg) were found to be strongly toxic. their volatile active factors were isolated in the form of essential oils which were tested for toxicity individually and in six combinations (1:1 v/v) viz. ca-la, ... | 2005 | 18697732 |
| electrophoretic and immunological comparisons of developmentally regulated proteins in members of the sclerotiniaceae and other sclerotial fungi. | the fungal stroma is a distinct developmental stage, a compact mass of hyphal cells enveloped by a melanized layer of rind cells which is produced from vegetative mycelium. two types of stromata that are characteristic of members of the sclerotiniaceae but are also produced in a wide range of other fungi, i.e., the determinate tuberlike sclerotium and the indeterminate platelike substratal stroma, were compared in these studies. developmental proteins found in determinate sclerotial and indeterm ... | 1991 | 16348418 |
| superoxide radical induces sclerotial differentiation in filamentous phytopathogenic fungi: a superoxide dismutase mimetics study. | this study shows that the superoxide radical (o(2) *( -)), a direct indicator of oxidative stress, is involved in the differentiation of the phytopathogenic filamentous fungi rhizoctonia solani, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, sclerotium rolfsii and sclerotinia minor, shown by using superoxide dismutase (sod) mimetics to decrease their sclerotial differentiation. the production rate of o(2) *(-) and sod levels in these fungi, as expected, were significantly lowered by the sod mimetics, with concomitan ... | 2010 | 20007647 |
| short chain regioselectively hydrolyzed scleroglucans induce maturation of porcine dendritic cells. | branched beta-1,3/1,6-glucans (scleroglucan) were produced by cultivation of sclerotium rolfsii atcc 15205. regioselective hydrolysis at the beta-1,3-linkage of the cell-free and purified polysaccharide was performed in borosilicate glass bottles at ph 5, 121 degrees c, and 1 bar for 72 h. the mixture was divided into four molar mass fractions by stepwise cross-flow filtration using different cutoffs. in vitro studies revealed that scleroglucan hydrolysates with a low molar mass of less than 5 k ... | 2009 | 19107473 |
| synthesis, spectral, thermal and anti-fungal studies of organotin(iv) thiohydrazone complexes. | the reaction of tribenzyltin(iv) chloride and di(para-chlorobenzyl)tin(iv) dichloride with thiohydrazones derived by condensation of 2-phenylethyl n-thiohydrazide with benzaldehyde, salicaldehyde, p-methylacetophenone and cinnamaldehyde have been investigated in 1:1 molar ratio. these ligands act as neutral, bidentate species and coordinate to the central tin (iv) atom through the thiosulphur and azomethine nitrogen. the newly synthesized complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis a ... | 2009 | 19162535 |
| perfect stage of sclerotium rolfsii sacc. causing pseudostem-rot of plantain (musa sapientum). | | 1946 | 20280176 |
| synthesis and bioefficacy evaluation of new 3-substituted-3,4-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazines. | a new series of 1, 3-benzoxazines were synthesized, characterized ((1)h nmr and (13)c nmr) and evaluated for their pesticidal activity. six new 3-alkyl-3, 4-dihydro-4-methyl-2h-1, 3-benzoxazines (1-6) were prepared by hydroxymethylation of secondary amines with formaldehyde in 65-68% yields. these compounds were screened for there igr activity against spodoptera litura and for antifungal fungal activity in vitro against sclerotium rolfsii itcc 6181 by poisoned food technique. insect growth regul ... | 2010 | 20390939 |
| peanut-cotton-rye rotations and soil chemical treatment for managing nematodes and thrips. | in the southeastern united states, a cotton-peanut rotation is attractive because of the high value and extensive planting of both crops in the region. the objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of cotton-peanut rotations, rye, and soil chemical treatments on management of plant-parasitic nematodes, thrips, and soilborne fungal diseases and on crop yield. peanut-cotton-rye rotations were conducted from 1988 to 1994 on tifton loamy sand (plinthic kandiudult) infested primarily ... | 1998 | 19274213 |
| additive effects of meloidogyne arenaria and sclerotinin rolfsii on peanut. | field observations have suggested that infection of peanut by meloidogyne arenaria increases the incidence of southern blight caused by sclerotium rolfsii. three factorial experiments in microplots were conducted to determine if interactions between m. arenaria and s. rolfsii influenced final nematode population densities, incidence of southern blight, or pod yield. treatments included four or five initial population densities of m. arenaria and three inoculum rates of s. rolfsii. final nematode ... | 1996 | 19277351 |
| rotations with coastal bermudagrass, cotton, and bahiagrass for management of meloidogyne arenaria and southern blight in peanut. | the efficacy of coastal bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon) as a rotation crop for controt of root-knot nematode (meloidogyne arenaria) in 'florunner' peanut (arachis hypogoea) was evaluated in a 3-year field trial. coastal bermudagrass-peanut rotation (cbp) was compared with peanut monoculture without nematicide (p - ) and peanut monoculture with aldicarb (p + ). the performance of cbp was also compared with 'pensacola' bahiagrass (paspalum notatum)-peanut (bp), and 'deltapine 90' cotton (gossypium ... | 1994 | 19279945 |
| cotton as a rotation crop for the management of meloidogyne arenaria and sclerotium rolfsii in peanut. | the value of cotton (gossypium hirsutum cv. deltapine 90) in rotation with peanut (arachis hypogaea cv. florunner) for the management of root-knot nematode (meloidogyne arenaria) and southern blight (sclerotium rolfsii) was studied for 6 years in a field at the wiregrass substation in southeast alabama. peanut yields following either 1 or 2 years of cotton (c-p and c-c-p, respectively) were higher than those of peanut monoculture without nematicide [p(-)]. at-plant application of aldicarb to con ... | 1991 | 19283179 |
| hydrogen peroxide is involved in the sclerotial differentiation of filamentous phytopathogenic fungi. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of h(2) o(2) and the related oxidative stress markers catalase (cat) and lipid peroxidation in the sclerotial differentiation of the phytopathogenic filamentous fungi sclerotium rolfsii, sclerotinia minor, sclerotinia sclerotiorum and rhizoctonia solani. | 2010 | 20681971 |
| fungi associated with storage rots of cocoyams (colocasia spp.) in nsukka, nigeria. | cocoyam (colocasia spp.) corms and cormels showing spoilage symptoms were collected from many stores in nsukka locality and examined for rot and associated fungal pathogens. aspergillus niger, botryodiplodia theobromae, corticium rolfsii, geotrichum candidum, fusarium oxysporum, and f. solani were recovered from rotten cocoyams. the representative isolates of these species caused cocoyam rot in pathogenicity tests. the rot due to a. niger, b. theobromae and c. rolfsii was extensive resulting in ... | 1996 | 20882465 |
| rotations of bahiagrass and castorbean with peanut for the management of meloidogyne arenaria. | the relative value of 'hale' castorbean (ricinus communis) and 'pensacola' bahiagrass (paspalum notatum) as rotational crops for the management of meloidogyne arenaria and southern blight (sclerotium rolfsii) in 'florunner' peanut (arachis hypogaea) production was studied for 3 years in a field experiment in southeast alabama. peanut following 2 years of castorbean (c-c-p) yielded 43% higher than monocultured peanut without nematicide. at-plant application of aldicarb (30.5 g a.i./100 m row in a ... | 1991 | 19283180 |
| peanut-cotton rotations for the management of meloidogyne arenaria. | the efficacy of 'deltapine 90' cotton (gossypium hirsutum) in rotation with 'florunner' peanut (arachis hypogaea) for the management of meloidogyne arenaria was studied for 2 years in a field in southeastern alabama. in 1985, m. arenaria juvenile populations in plots with cotton were 98% lower than in plots with peanut. peanut and cotton yields were increased by treatment with aldicarb (3.3 kg a.i./ha in a 20-cm-band) in 1985 but not in 1986. in 1986, peanut yields were highest and m. arenaria j ... | 1987 | 19290174 |
| effect of the new pyrazole carboxamide fungicide penthiopyrad on late leaf spot and stem rot of peanut. | management of early leaf spot (cercospora arachidicola hori.), late leaf spot [cercosporidium personatum (berk. & ma curtis) deighton] and stem rot (sclerotium rolfsii sacc.) of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) in the southeastern usa is heavily dependent upon sterol biosynthesis inhibitor (sbi) and quinone outside inhibitor (qoi) fungicides. effective new fungicides with different modes of action could improve overall disease control and extend the utility of the current fungicides. penthiopryad is ... | 2009 | 18785218 |
| antifungal potential of extracellular metabolites produced by streptomyces hygroscopicus against phytopathogenic fungi. | indigenous actinomycetes isolated from rhizosphere soils were assessed for in vitro antagonism against colletotrichum gloeosporioides and sclerotium rolfsii. a potent antagonist against both plant pathogenic fungi, designated sra14, was selected and identified as streptomyces hygroscopicus. the strain sra14 highly produced extracellular chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase during the exponential and late exponential phases, respectively. culture filtrates collected from the exponential and stationar ... | 2008 | 18825279 |
| effect of synthetic and organic soil fertility amendments on southern blight, soil microbial communities, and yield of processing tomatoes. | abstract soil fertility amendments, including composted cotton-gin trash, swine manure, a rye-vetch green manure, or synthetic fertilizers, were applied to subplots and tillage on bare soil; or tillage followed by surface mulch with wheat straw were applied to main plots to determine the effect on the incidence of southern blight caused by sclerotium rolfsii, yield of processing tomato, and soil microbial communities. the amendment-tillage interaction was significant in 1997 and disease incidenc ... | 2002 | 18943092 |
| exquisite binding specificity of sclerotium rolfsii lectin toward tf-related o-linked mucin-type glycans. | sclerotium rolfsii lectin (srl), a secretory protein from the soil borne phytopathogenic fungus sclerotium rolfsii, has shown in our previous studies to bind strongly to the oncofetal thomson-friedenreich carbohydrate (galß1-3galnac-ser/thr, t or tf) antigen. tf antigen is widely expressed in many types of human cancers and the strong binding of srl toward such a cancer-associated carbohydrate structure led us to characterize the carbohydrate binding specificity of srl. glycan array analysis, wh ... | 2011 | 21347715 |
| enhanced resistance to sclerotium rolfsii in populations of alfalfa selected for quantitative resistance to sclerotinia trifoliorum. | abstract sclerotinia trifoliorum and sclerotium rolfsii are pathogens for which similar mechanisms of parasitism have been proposed. this suggested that resistance to these pathogens may be related in a common host plant. this study was undertaken to determine whether selection for quantitative resistance to sclerotinia trifoliorum in alfalfa also increases resistance to sclerotium rolfsii as expressed in excised leaf tissues and whole plants. resistance in excised leaf tissues was evaluated acc ... | 2002 | 18943095 |
| genetic variability within and among mycelial compatibility groups of sclerotium rolfsii in south africa. | abstract isolates of sclerotium rolfsii, the causal organism of stem rot or southern blight of groundnut, can be placed in mycelial compatibility groups (mcgs) based on hyphal interactions between isolates. the aim of this study was to determine whether amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis was a suitable technique to assess genetic variability between isolates and mcgs of s. rolfsii. for preliminary genetic analysis, 10 isolates were selected from each of two mcgs and compared ... | 2000 | 18944529 |
| biological control of sclerotium rolfsii and verticillium dahliae by talaromyces flavus is mediated by different mechanisms. | abstract ten wild-type strains and two benomyl-resistant mutants of talaromyces flavus were examined for their ability to secrete the cell wall-degrading enzymes chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, and cellulase, to parasitize sclerotia of sclerotium rolfsii, to reduce bean stem rot caused by s. rolfsii, and to secrete antifungal substance(s) active against verticillium dahliae. the benomyl-resistant mutant ben(r)tf1-r6 overproduced extracellular enzymes and exhibited enhanced antagonistic activity a ... | 1997 | 18945040 |
| characterization of rhizosphere bacteria for control of phytopathogenic fungi of tomato. | fluorescent pseudomonas spp., isolated from rhizosphere soil of tomato and pepper plants, were evaluated in vitro as potential antagonists of fungal pathogens. strains were characterized using the api 20ne biochemical system, and tested against the causal agents of stem canker and leaf blight (alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici), southern blight (sclerotium rolfsii sacc.), and root rot (fusarium solani). to this end, dual culture antagonism assays were carried out on 25% tryptic soy agar, k ... | 2011 | 21507555 |
| insecticidal activity and fungitoxicity of plant extracts and components of horseradish (armoracia rusticana) and garlic (allium sativum). | to avoid environmental pollution and health problems caused by the use of traditional synthetic pesticides, there is a trend to search for naturally occurring toxicants from plants. among the compounds discussed for anti-fungal and insecticidal activity, the natural extracts from garlic and horseradish have attracted considerable attention. the objective of this study is to determine the insecticidal and anti-fungal activity of armoracia rusticana and allium sativum l. extracts against larvae of ... | 2011 | 21726146 |
| sclerotial metamorphosis in filamentous fungi is induced by oxidative stress. | sclerotium-forming filamentous fungi are of great agricultural and biological interest because they can be viewed as models of simple metamorphosis. they differentiate by asexually producing sclerotia but the processes involved in sclerotial metamorphosis were poorly understood. in 1997, it was shown for the first time that the sclerotial differentiation state in sclerotium rolfsii concurred with increasing levels of lipid peroxides. this finding prompted the development of a theory supporting t ... | 2006 | 21672779 |
| structural stability of sclerotium rolfsii atcc 201126 beta-glucan with fermentation time: a chemical, infrared spectroscopic and enzymatic approach. | sclerotium rolfsii atcc 201126 exopolysaccharides (epss) recovered at 48 h (eps i) and 72 h (eps ii) of fermentation, with differences in rheological parameters, hydrogel topography, salt tolerance, antisyneresis, emulsifying and suspending properties, were subjected to a polyphasic characterization in order to detect structural divergences. | 2009 | 19054236 |
| biocontrol potential of soybean bacterial endophytes against charcoal rot fungus, rhizoctonia bataticola. | a total of 137 bacterial isolates from surface sterilized root, stem, and nodule tissues of soybean were screened for their antifungal activity against major phytopathogens like rhizoctonia bataticola, macrophomina phaseolina, fusarium udam, and sclerotium rolfsii. nine bacterial endophytes suppressed the pathogens under in vitro plate assay. these were characterized biochemically and identified at the genus level based on their partial sequence analysis of 16s rdna. eight of the isolates belong ... | 2009 | 19067044 |
| new developments and prospective applications for beta (1,3) glucans. | publications and patents relative to newly observed functions of beta-(1,3)-d-glucans have notably increased in the last few years with the exploitation of their biological activities. the term beta-(1,3)-d-glucans includes a very large number of polysaccharides from bacterial, fungal and vegetable sources. their structures have a common backbone of beta-(1,3) linked glucopyranosyl residues but the polysaccharidic chain can be beta-(1,6) branched with glucose or integrate some beta-(1,4) linked ... | 2007 | 19075833 |
| synthesis of nalidixic acid based hydrazones as novel pesticides. | thirty-one substituted hydrazones of nalidixic acid hydrazide were synthesized and characterized by spectral techniques. these compounds were evaluated for various biological activities, namely, fungicidal, insecticidal, and nitrification inhibitory activities. the antifungal activity was evaluated against five pathogenic fungi, namely, rhizoctonia bataticola , sclerotium rolfsii , rhizoctonia solani , fusarium oxysporum , and alternaria porii . they showed maximum inihibition against a. porii w ... | 2010 | 20131903 |
| transcriptome sequencing and comparative transcriptome analysis of the scleroglucan producer sclerotium rolfsii. | the plant pathogenic basidiomycete sclerotium rolfsii produces the industrially exploited exopolysaccharide scleroglucan, a polymer that consists of (1 --> 3)-beta-linked glucose with a (1 --> 6)-beta-glycosyl branch on every third unit. although the physicochemical properties of scleroglucan are well understood, almost nothing is known about the genetics of scleroglucan biosynthesis. similarly, the biosynthetic pathway of oxalate, the main by-product during scleroglucan production, has not been ... | 2010 | 20504312 |
| microwave synthesis and antifungal evaluations of some chalcones and their derived diaryl-cyclohexenones. | microwave irradiation (mwi) of acetophenones and substituted benzaldehydes in water resulted in a "green-chemistry" procedure for the preparation of chalcones (1-14), through base catalyzed claisen-schmidt condensation reaction, in good yields. further 3,5-diaryl-6-carbethoxy-2-cyclohexen-1-ones (1a-14a) were prepared through base catalyzed cyclocondensation of above chalcones with ethylacetoacetate using mwi as the energy source and silica as support. out of fourteen cyclohexenones, ten (1a, 4a ... | 2010 | 20574873 |
| isolation and characterization of trichoderma spp. for antagonistic activity against root rot and foliar pathogens. | trichoderma, soil-borne filamentous fungi, are capable of parasitising several plant pathogenic fungi. twelve isolates of trichoderma spp. isolated from different locations of south andaman were characterized for their cultural, morphological and antagonistic activity against soil borne and foliar borne pathogens. the sequencing of these isolates showed seven different species. the isolates revealed differential reaction patterns against the test pathogens viz., sclerotium rolfsii, colletotrichu ... | 2011 | 23729873 |
| structure-biological activity relationships in triterpenic saponins: the relative activity of protobassic acid and its derivatives against plant pathogenic fungi. | triterpenic saponins from sapindus mukorossi gaertn. and diploknema butyracea jf gmelin were evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity against four phytopathogenic fungi. the study of the structure-antifungal activity relationships of protobassic acid saponins was widened by including semi-synthetic derivatives. | 2010 | 20603877 |
| overlapping and distinct functions of two trichoderma virens map kinases in cell-wall integrity, antagonistic properties and repression of conidiation. | we have studied the functions of the trichoderma virens tmkb, a homologue of the yeast cell-wall integrity map kinase slt2, using gene knockout. the functions of tmkb were compared to those of the pathogenicity map kinase homologue (tmka). like the tmka loss-of-function mutants, tmkb mutants exhibited reduced radial growth and constitutive conidiation in dark as well as in liquid shake cultures. the tmkb mutants, in contrast to tmka mutants, had cell-wall integrity defects, as shown by autolysis ... | 2010 | 20633533 |
| biological control of chickpea collar rot by co-inoculation of antagonistic bacteria and compatible rhizobia. | two hundred and seven bacteria were isolated from composts and macrofauna and screened for plant growth promoting and antagonistic traits. seven of the 207 isolates showed antagonistic activity against sclerotium rolfsii in plate culture. inhibition of s. rolfsii by the bacterial isolates ranged between 61 and 84%. two of the seven isolates were bacillus sp. and rest belonged to pseudomonas sp. two isolates, pseudomonas sp. cdb 35 and pseudomonas sp. bwb 21 was compatible with chickpea rhizobium ... | 2011 | 22282609 |