| epizootiology of chlamydia infections in two free-range koala populations. | the prevalence of chlamydia pecorum and chlamydia pneumoniae infections in two free-range koala populations was assessed using genus-specific pcr combined with species-specific dna probe hybridisation. population a had a very high overall level of chlamydial infection (85%) with significantly more of these infections being due to c. pecorum (73%) compared to c. pneumoniae (24%). the second population had a much lower prevalence of infection (10%) with equal levels of both species. an important f ... | 1999 | 10223324 |
| randomly amplified polymorphic dna variation in populations of eastern australian koalas, phascolarctos cinereus. | randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) variation in populations of the koala, phascolarctos cinereus, was investigated, revealing significant differences in the level of diversity between southern and northern regions of eastern australia. of the 20 polymorphic rapd markers identified in koalas, 4-7 were polymorphic in southern populations, while 12-17 were polymorphic in northern populations. analysis of molecular variance revealed a significant difference in the estimated variance between k ... | 1998 | 10230519 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae in a free-ranging giant barred frog (mixophyes iteratus) from australia. | the koala biovar of chlamydia pneumoniae was identified in lung tissue from a sick, free-ranging giant barred frog (mixophyes iteratus) by using electron microscopy, c. pneumoniae-specific fluorescent-antibody staining, cell culture, and sequencing of the ompa, ompb and 16s rrna genes. this is the first report of a chlamydial strain infecting both a homeotherm and a poikilotherm and only the fourth host (in addition to humans, koalas, and horses) to be naturally infected with this species of chl ... | 1999 | 10364623 |
| hepatic microsomal enzyme activity in the koala and tammar wallaby: high 17beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity in koala liver microsomes. | we have studied the hepatic microsomal xenobiotic metabolising capacity of koala (phascolarctos cinereus) and tammar wallaby (macropus eugenii). total cytochrome p450 content in hepatic microsomes from koala (0.87 +/- 0.18 nmol/mg protein, n = 4, mean (s.d.) and rat were comparable while tammar wallaby displayed reduced p450 content (0.24 +/- 0.04 nmol/mg protein). associated microsomal activities (nadph cytochrome p450 reductase, aminopyrine n-demethylation, aniline hydroxylation, and androsten ... | 1999 | 10390058 |
| isolation and characterization of marsupial il5 genes. | the genomic nucleotide sequence and chromosomal position of the interleukin 5 (il5) gene has been described for the model marsupial macropus eugenii (tammar wallaby). a 272 base pair genomic il5 polymerase chain reaction (pcr) product spanning exon 3, intron 3, and exon 4 was generated using stripe-faced dunnart (sminthopsis macroura) dna. this pcr product was used to isolate a genomic lambda clone containing the complete il5 gene from a tammar wallaby embl3 lambda library. sequencing revealed t ... | 1999 | 10501836 |
| asymptomatic carriage of cryptococcus neoformans in the nasal cavity of the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | over a 22-month period, sequential nasal and skin swabs were obtained from 52 healthy captive koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) from the sydney region. cryptococcus neoformans was isolated in 17 koalas from 64 of 262 (24%) nasal swabs and from nine of 262 (3%) skin swabs. prevalence of nasal colonization varied seasonally from 12% (3/25) to 38% (10/26). cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii alone was cultured from 37, var. neoformans alone from 22 and both varieties from five nasal swabs. of 33 koal ... | 1999 | 10520157 |
| ultrastructural observations on in vivo fertilisation in the brushtail possum, trichosurus vulpecula, following pmsg/lh superovulation and artificial insemination. | information on the dynamics of gamete interaction in marsupials is very limited and not available for any species from the major australian order diprotodontia which includes most of the more familiar animals such as kangaroos, possums and the koala. this study addressed this deficiency by examining the ultrastructure of in vivo fertilised eggs from common brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula). females were superovulated by treatment with 15 iu pmsg and then 4 mg porcine lh 3 days later, and ... | 1999 | 10717949 |
| the nucleotide sequence of koala (phascolarctos cinereus) retrovirus: a novel type c endogenous virus related to gibbon ape leukemia virus. | a novel retrovirus, morphologically consistent with mammalian c-type retroviruses, was detected by electron microscopy in mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from 163 koalas and in lymphoma tissue from 3 koalas. pcr amplified provirus from the blood and tissues of 17 wild and captive koalas, and reverse transcriptase-pcr demonstrated viral mrna, viral genomic rna, and reverse transcriptase activity in koala serum and cell culture supernatants. comparison of viral sequen ... | 2000 | 10756041 |
| detection of chlamydia pneumoniae dna and antigen in the circulating mononuclear cell fractions of humans and koalas. | chlamydia pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen of humans which, in addition to causing disease at the respiratory site, has recently been linked to disease at other body sites. if c. pneumoniae does contribute to disease at nonrespiratory sites, then it must have a mechanism by which it reaches these sites. we analyzed the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) fractions from 60 healthy human blood donors for the presence of c. pneumoniae dna (by ompa pcr) and chlamydial antigens (by ge ... | 2000 | 10768968 |
| the roles of histology and immunohistology in the investigation of marsupial disease and normal lymphoid tissue. | this review acquaints scientists with current information related to the application of histology and immunohistology to the studies of normal lymphoid tissues and specific diseases in marsupials. histological examination of tissue is a necessary prerequisite for immunohistological examination because it establishes tissue structure and detects specific areas of disease which allow the selection of smaller areas for immunohistological examination. information is provided on the basic techniques ... | 2000 | 10785271 |
| optimal physicochemical conditions for the manipulation and short-term preservation of koala (phascolarctos cinereus) spermatozoa. | protocols for the successful manipulation and preservation of semen in a given species depend upon a fundamental knowledge of how spermatozoa respond to the physicochemical conditions of the extension media; methods developed for the preservation of eutherian spermatozoa may not necessarily be suitable for marsupial semen. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects on koala sperm motility of serial dilution, changes in temperature, diluent ph and osmolality to establish the optimal phy ... | 2000 | 10864791 |
| protein microanalysis of animal tears. | sub-microlitre volumes of normal koala, mouse, dog, rat and cat tears were fractionated using size exclusion-high performance liquid chromatography (se - hplc), giving reproducible profiles which were different for each species. microlitre volumes of tears were also fractionated using sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds - page), resulting in good separation of individual tear proteins with a species specific distribution. tears from koalas with conjunctivitis and mice ... | 2000 | 10877964 |
| the olfactory receptor gene superfamily: data mining, classification, and nomenclature. | the vertebrate olfactory receptor (or) subgenome harbors the largest known gene family, which has been expanded by the need to provide recognition capacity for millions of potential odorants. we implemented an automated procedure to identify all or coding regions from published sequences. this led us to the identification of 831 or coding regions (including pseudogenes) from 24 vertebrate species. the resulting dataset was subjected to neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis and classified into 3 ... | 2000 | 11063259 |
| cholesterol metabolsim defect associated with conradi-hunerman-happle syndrome. | we present a 6-week-old black girl with conradi-hunerman-happle syndrome (chs). the mother had no past medical history of illness, and the pregnancy progressed normally to a spontaneous vaginal delivery at 36 weeks. there was no known significant family history. a diagnosis of chondrodysplasia punctata was made at birth from physical examination and x-ray findings. on physical examination at 6 weeks, a koala face, a saddle nose, and a right-sided cataract were noted (fig. 1a,b). there was unilat ... | 2000 | 11123447 |
| marsupial, insectivore, and chiropteran anesthesia. | this article covers the manual restraint and anesthesia of marsupials, insectivores, and chiroptera. marsupials commonly kept as pets in the u.s. [e.g., eastern gray kangaroos (macropus giganteus), bennett's wallabies (macropus rufogriseus), and sugar gliders (petaurus breviceps)] are covered in detail. marsupial species kept in zoological parks [e.g., tasmanian devils, koalas (phascolarctos cinereus), and common wombats (vombatus ursinus)] are covered in less detail. of the insectivores, only t ... | 2001 | 11217462 |
| cytochrome p450 4a, peroxisomal enzymes and nicotinamide cofactors in koala liver. | we have examined hepatic levels of microsomal lauric acid hydroxylase activity and cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl coenzyme a oxidative activity in koala (phascolarctos cinereus) and tammar wallaby (macropus eugenii) and compared our results to those determined in rat. microsomal lauric acid hydroxylation was significantly higher in koala than in tammar wallaby or rat. however, cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl-coa oxidation was absent in the koala. we have also determined the hepatic nicotinamide cof ... | 2000 | 11246504 |
| characterisation of tolbutamide hydroxylase activity in the common brushtail possum, (trichosurus vulpecula) and koala (phascolarctos cinereus): inhibition by the eucalyptus terpene 1,8-cineole. | plant constituents such as terpenes are major constituents of the essential oil in eucalyptus sp. 1,8-cineole and p-cymene (terpenes present in high amounts in eucalyptus leaves) are potential substrates for the cyp family of enzymes. we have investigated tolbutamide hydroxylase as a probe substrate reaction in both koala and terpene pretreated and control brushtail possum liver microsomes and examined inhibition of this reaction by eucalyptus terpenes. the specific activity determined for tolbu ... | 2000 | 11246507 |
| xenobiotic metabolism in australian marsupials. | the australian marsupials are significant and unique australian fauna. xenobiotic metabolism is the process of enzymatic modification of xenobiotics, which include the chemicals, such as agricultural chemicals and natural dietary toxins, that these animals may be exposed to. very little is known about the enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism in this unique group of animals. folivore marsupials such as the koala (phascolarctos cinereus and the brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula) represe ... | 2001 | 11255110 |
| mycobacterium ulcerans in wild animals. | mycobacterium ulcerans infection, or buruli ulcer, is the third most frequent mycobacterial disease in humans, often causing serious deformities and disability. the disease is most closely associated with tropical wetlands, especially in west and central africa. most investigators believe that the aetiological agent proliferates in mud beneath stagnant waters. modes of transmission may involve direct contact with the contaminated environment, aerosols from water surfaces, and water-dwelling faun ... | 2001 | 11288515 |
| genetic characterization of a chlamydophila pneumoniae isolate from an african frog and comparison to currently accepted biovars. | the amphibian isolate de177 identified as chlamydophila (c.) pneumoniae was sequenced in five genomic regions: 16s ribosomal rna gene, 16-23s intergenic spacer, ompa, ompb, and groesl genes. comparison with corresponding sequences of the currently accepted equine, human and koala biovars of c. pneumoniae revealed that koala strains represented the most closely related taxon, although sequence dissimilarities in the ompa (vd4) and ompb gene regions were noted. in this respect, the present isolate ... | 2001 | 11403400 |
| microsomal metabolism of the terpene 1,8-cineole in the common brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula), koala (phascolarctos cinereus), rat and human. | 1. this study reports on the pathways of metabolism and enzyme kinetics of the eucalyptus terpene, 1,8-cineole, by liver microsomes from the brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula) and koala (phascolarctos cinereus) (animals that normally include this terpene in their diet), rat and human. 2. the rank order of the ability to metabolize 1,8-cineole with respect to overall 1,8-cineole intrinsic clearance (cl'int = vmax/kmax in microl mg protein(-1) min(-1)) was koala (188) > possum (181)>> rat (2 ... | 2001 | 11465406 |
| koala biovar of chlamydia pneumoniae infects human and koala monocytes and induces increased uptake of lipids in vitro. | we examined the ability of the koala biovar of chlamydia pneumoniae to infect both hep-2 cells and human monocytes and the effect of infection on the formation of foam cells. the koala biovar produced large inclusions in both human and koala monocytes and in hep-2 cells. koala c. pneumoniae induced foam cell formation with and without added low-density lipoprotein, in contrast to tw183, which produced increased foam cell formation only in the presence of low-density lipoprotein. | 2001 | 11705973 |
| testosterone dehydrogenase activity in koala liver: characterisation of cofactor and steroid substrate differences. | we have studied the hepatic microsomal 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-hsd) capacity of koala (phascolarctos cinereus) and tammar wallaby (macropus eugenii). a detailed comparison of the activity in hepatic fractions from koala and rat was made. hepatic microsomal nadp-supported 17beta-hsd activity was significantly higher in koala (11.64+/-3.35 nmoles/mg protein/min), (mean+/-s.d.) than in tammar wallaby liver (1.52+/-0.79 nmoles/mg protein/min). however, when nad was utilised as co ... | 2000 | 11790346 |
| absence of type 1 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme in koala liver. | the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11beta-hsds) interconvert 11beta-hydroxysteroids such as cortisol into 11-oxosteroids such as cortisone. in most mammals, 11beta-hsd 1 is expressed predominantly in the liver and is active in both the oxidative (cortisol to cortisone) and dehydrogenase (cortisone to cortisol) directions, whilst 11beta-hsd 2 is expressed predominantly in the kidney and functions as a pure oxidative enzyme. we have investigated 11beta-hsd 1 activity in the australian koala ... | 2002 | 11796324 |
| a queensland koala kept in a japanese zoological park was carrier of an imported fungal pathogen, filobasidiella neoformans var. bacillispora (cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii). | | 2002 | 11971161 |
| sarcoptic manage in wildlife. | sarcoptic manage caused by sarcoptes scabiei is responsible for epizootic disease in populations of wild canids in north america, europe and australia, wild cats in europe and africa, wild ungulates and wild boars in europe, wombats and koalas in australia, and great apes and various wild bovids in africa. although short-term mortality may appear devastating, in a self-sustaining population, mortality is non-compensatory and a mange epizootic generally does not affect long-term population dynami ... | 2002 | 11974622 |
| microsomal metabolism and enzyme kinetics of the terpene p-cymene in the common brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula), koala (phascolarctos cinereus) and rat. | 1. p-cymene is an aromatic monoterpene found in the leaves of eucalyptus spp. and is ingested in the diet of two marsupial folivores, the brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula) and koala (phascolarctos cinereus). the metabolism of p-cymene by liver microsomes from the possum, koala and rat (an animal whose diet is not terpene-rich) was examined. 2. the major p-cymene metabolite in each species was cuminyl alcohol, with smaller amounts of other side-chain alcohols being formed. no phenolic meta ... | 2002 | 12065061 |
| molecular evidence to support the expansion of the hostrange of chlamydophila pneumoniae to include reptiles as well as humans, horses, koalas and amphibians. | the chlamydiales are a family of unique intracellular pathogens that cause significant disease in humans, birds and a wide range of animal hosts. of the currently recognized species, chlamydophila (previously chlamydia) pneumoniae, unlike the other chlamydial species, has been previously considered to be solely a pathogen of humans, causing significant respiratory disease and has also been strongly connected with cardiovascular disease. here we report the finding that strains of c. pneumoniae ar ... | 2002 | 12086181 |
| cryptococcus neoformans in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus): colonization by c n. var. gattii and investigation of environmental sources. | this study is the one in a series looking at the relationship among cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, koalas and the environment. the koala was used as a natural biological sampler in an attempt to understand the dynamics of c. neoformans var. gattii in australian environments. evidence of asymptomatic nasal and skin colonization for extended periods by large numbers of c. n. var. gattii was obtained and geographical factors assessed. the key finding was the ability of koalas to amplify numbe ... | 2002 | 12146756 |
| cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus): serological evidence for subclinical cryptococcosis. | cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii has been shown to have a strong association with eucalypts frequently used by koalas and, not surprisingly, it has been shown to colonize the nasal cavities of koalas. the progression from nasal colonization to tissue invasion is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis in this species and provides a model for pathogenesis of cryptococcosis in other species. cryptococcal antigenaemia was detected in twenty-eight healthy koalas from three di ... | 2002 | 12146757 |
| effects of p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate on water transport across the marsupial erythrocyte membrane. | the effects of exposure of red blood cells (rbc) of three species of marsupial to a mercury-containing sulfhydryl-modifying reagent, p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (pcmbs), on the water diffusional permeability ( p (d)) of their membranes were monitored by using an mn(2+)-doping (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) technique at 400 mhz. for koala ( phascolarctos cinereus), rbc the maximal inhibition was reached at 37 degrees c in 60 min with 1 mmol.l(-1) pcmbs or in 15-30 min with 2 mmol. l(- ... | 2002 | 12192513 |
| screening semen from koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) for chlamydia species by pcr. | artificial insemination is a valuable method for facilitating genetic exchange between captive colonies of koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) and for the maintenance of genetically important remnant populations. however, to reduce potential disease transmission, their semen needs to be screened for venereal diseases caused by organisms such as chlamydia species. semen samples from 11 koalas, eight of them with clinical signs of cystitis, were examined for the presence of chlamydia by an optimised p ... | 2002 | 12199434 |
| comparative morphological study of the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores of the koala. | the stereo structure of each lingual papilla of the koala has a similar structure to that of various other animal species: the koala has a lingual prominence (intermolar prominence) with larger filiform papillae. (a lingual prominence is a characteristic in herbivorous animals.) the external form and connective tissue core (ctc) of the filiform papillae of koalas consist of one large main process and several smaller accessory processes. (these are similar to carnivorous animals.) fungiform ctc h ... | 2003 | 12649723 |
| identification and cloning of two forms of liver peroxisomal fatty acyl coa oxidase from the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | in the present study, the cloning, expression and characterization of the rate-limiting enzyme of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation spiral, acyl coa oxidase (aox), from koala (phascolarctos cinereus) liver is described. it has been previously reported that peroxisomal cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl-coa oxidation activity was absent in koala liver [comp. biochem. physiol. (c) 127 (2000) 327]. this activity is a measure of the overall peroxisomal beta-oxidation minus the final step catalysed by thiola ... | 2003 | 12758125 |
| molecular evidence for novel chlamydial infections in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | chlamydia-related disease has a detrimental effect on australia's free-range koala (phascolarctos cinereus) populations. the chlamydial species responsible for ocular, urogenital and respiratory disease in the koala have previously been identified as chlamydophila pecorum and chlamydophila pneumoniae. epizootiology studies have therefore used species specific pcr assays to detect chlamydial infections. in the current study, we used a broad range pcr amplification and cloning strategy to identify ... | 2003 | 12866851 |
| cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus): a review of 43 cases of cryptococcosis. | details of 11 previously reported cases and 32 new cases of cryptococcosis in captive and wild koalas were analysed. cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii accounted for all 29 cases in which varietal status was determined. no age or sex predisposition was observed. the respiratory tract was the primary focus of disease in 77% of cases. although the lower respiratory tract was affected most commonly (60% of cases), 30% of cases had upper respiratory tract lesions and 14% had both. dissemination was ... | 2003 | 12964714 |
| establishment and characterization of a new epithelial cell line, kc-1, from koala (phascolarctos cinereus) conjunctiva. | a novel, untransformed koala cell line (kc-1) was established by culturing koala conjunctival tissue in growth medium, which has permitted the study of the cell biology of this unique system. after the establishment of the kc-1 cell line, the cells were characterized by light microscopy, doubling time, and western blot analysis. light microscopy revealed that the cells have an epithelial morphology. doubling times were significantly different (p < 0.015) depending on fetal calf serum (fcs) conce ... | 2003 | 14505439 |
| the effects of eucalyptus terpenes on hepatic cytochrome p450 cyp4a, peroxisomal acyl coa oxidase (aox) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (pparalpha) in the common brush tail possum (trichosurus vulpecula). | eucalyptus leaves contain a high proportion of essential oils comprising of a complex mixture of monoterpenes such as 1,8-cineole, alpha-pinene, d-limonene and p-cymene. in this study, hepatic levels of microsomal lauric acid hydroxylase and peroxisomal cyanide-intensive palmitoyl coenzyme a oxidative activities were examined in livers of possums given an artificial diet consisting of the above monoterpenes for 10 days. these values were compared with those of possums fed a control diet containi ... | 2003 | 14559298 |
| evaluation of tetracycline, erythromycin, penicillin and streptomycin for decontaminating koala semen contaminated in vitro with chlamydiae. | semen from seven koalas was extended in a tris-citrate glucose diluent containing one of four antibiotics at different concentrations and then contaminated with a standard concentration of chlamydiae. these semen preparations were then tested for residual chlamydial viability by an in vitro cell culture assay, and any detrimental effect of the antibiotics on the motility and viability of the sperm was assessed. penicillin at 25 iu/ml or more, erythromycin at 1000 microg/ml or more and tetracycli ... | 2003 | 14640326 |
| assessment of anti-bovine il4 and ifn gamma antibodies to label il4 and ifn gamma in lymphocytes of the koala and brushtail possum. | we assess anti-bovine il4 and ifn gamma (ifng) antibodies for their ability to label il4 and ifng in koala (phascolarctos cinereus), common brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula) and mountain brushtail possum (trichosurus caninus) lymphocytes using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry to determine their applicability to studies of host response to intracellular pathogens. anti-ifng labelled a product of pma-ionomycin stimulated sheep, koala and possum lymphocytes. high intensity labelling w ... | 2004 | 15350745 |
| sperm membrane fatty acid composition in the eastern grey kangaroo (macropus giganteus), koala (phascolarctos cinereus), and common wombat (vombatus ursinus) and its relationship to cold shock injury and cryopreservation success. | marsupial spermatozoa tolerate cold shock well, but differ in cryopreservation tolerance. in an attempt to explain these phenomena, the fatty acid composition of the sperm membrane from caput and cauda epididymides of the eastern grey kangaroo, koala, and common wombat was measured and membrane sterol levels were measured in cauda epididymidal spermatozoa. while species-related differences in the levels of linolenic acid (18:3, n-6) and arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6) were observed in caput epididy ... | 2004 | 15351685 |
| association of uterine and salpingeal fibrosis with chlamydial hsp60 and hsp10 antigen-specific antibodies in chlamydia-infected koalas. | infection by chlamydia pneumoniae or chlamydia pecorum commonly causes chronic, fibrotic disease of the urogenital tracts of female koalas. studies of humans have associated titers of serum immunoglobulin g (igg) against chlamydial hsp60 and hsp10 antigens with chronic infection, salpingeal fibrosis, and tubal infertility. to determine whether a similar relationship exists in chlamydia-infected koalas, samples were collected opportunistically from 34 wild female koalas and examined by gross path ... | 2005 | 15879024 |
| tree use by koalas in a chemically complex landscape. | although defence against herbivores is often argued to be the main action of plant secondary metabolites (psms), very few examples have demonstrated that intraspecific variation in psm concentrations influences foraging by wild vertebrate herbivores. experiments with captive animals often indicate that psm concentrations influence how much herbivores eat from individual plants, but these experiments do not replicate the subtle trade-offs in diet selection faced by wild animals, which must avoid ... | 2005 | 15917807 |
| multiple genotypes of chlamydia pneumoniae identified in human carotid plaque. | chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular respiratory pathogen that causes 10 % of community-acquired pneumonia and has been associated with cardiovascular disease. both whole-genome sequencing and specific gene typing suggest that there is relatively little genetic variation in human isolates of c. pneumoniae. to date, there has been little genomic analysis of strains from human cardiovascular sites. the genotypes of c. pneumoniae present in human atherosclerotic carotid plaque were ana ... | 2005 | 16000718 |
| immuno-histochemical demonstration of the role of chlamydiaceae in renal, uterine and salpingeal disease of the koala, and demonstration of chlamydiaceae in novel sites. | numerous bacteria, including chlamydophila pecorum and chlamydophila pneumoniae, are known to occur in diseased sites in koalas. in the present study the significance of such organisms was investigated by demonstrating their distribution in situ, in tissues collected opportunistically from wild koalas. chlamydiaceae were demonstrated in epithelial cells and macrophages in association with pyogranulomatous pyelonephritis (8/11 kidneys), focal interstitial nephritis (3/21), and active inflammation ... | 2005 | 16045922 |
| morphological variation of the thoracolumbar vertebrae in macropodidae and its functional relevance. | the present study was designed to investigate how the form of the marsupial thoracolumbar vertebrae varies to cope with the particular demands of diverse loading and locomotor behaviors. the vertebral columns of 10 species of macropodidae, with various body masses and modes of locomotion, together with two other arboreal marsupials, koala and cuscus, were selected. seventy-four three-dimensional landmark coordinates were acquired on each of the 10 last presacral vertebrae of the 70 vertebral col ... | 2005 | 16136603 |
| vet team lead koala infectious disease research. | | 2005 | 16164136 |
| antibodies to the ross river virus in captive marsupials in urban areas of eastern new south wales, australia. | serum samples collected from 224 tammar wallabies (macropus eugenii) in two captive populations in urban areas in eastern new south wales australia, between december 1999 and may 2004, were tested for antibodies to ross river virus (rrv). in one population in northwest sydney, 21 animals (11%) tested positive, and in another population in newcastle, new south wales, thirteen (33%) of the animals were positive. antibodies were detected in four of 11 wallaroos (macropus robustus) (36%) but not in ... | 2005 | 16244073 |
| the corneal epithelial surface in the eyes of vertebrates: environmental and evolutionary influences on structure and function. | the smooth optical surface of the cornea is maintained by a tear film, which adheres to a variety of microprojections. these microprojections increase the cell surface area and are thought to improve the movement of oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic products across the outer cell membranes. however, little is known of these structural adaptations in vertebrates inhabiting different environments. this field emission scanning electron microscopic study examined the cell density and surface structur ... | 2006 | 16323209 |
| selective medium for enumeration of tannin-protein complex-degrading streptococcus spp. in feces of koalas. | a selective agar plate medium (tannin-treated brain heart infusion agar supplemented with colistin-oxolinic acid) was developed to enumerate tannin-protein complex-degrading streptococcus bovis in the feces of koalas. this medium was successfully used to enumerate strains from fecal samples but failed to enumerate those from pure cultures. | 1990 | 16348364 |
| in vitro characterization of a koala retrovirus. | recently, a new endogenous koala gammaretrovirus, designated korv, was isolated from koalas. the korv genome shares 78% nucleotide identity with another gammaretrovirus, gibbon ape leukemia virus (galv). korv is endogenous in koalas, while galv is exogenous, suggesting that korv predates galv and that gibbons and koalas acquired the virus at different times from a common source. we have determined that subtle adaptive differences between the korv and galv envelope genes account for differences i ... | 2006 | 16501122 |
| do parents with an atopic family history adopt a 'prudent' lifestyle for their infant? (koala study). | atopic parents may adopt lifestyle characteristics that allegedly protect against atopic disease. if this is true, infants from atopic parents will be characterized by low-risk behaviour. consequently, aetiologic studies on lifestyle factors and allergic disease in childhood may be biased by confounding by indication. | 2006 | 16630154 |
| cloning and expression of koala (phascolarctos cinereus) liver cytochrome p450 cyp4a15. | in the present study, the cloning, expression and characterization of hepatic cytochrome p450 (cyp) cyp4a from koala (phascolarctos cinereus), an obligate eucalyptus feeder, is described. it has been previously reported that microsomal lauric acid hydroxylase activity (a cyp4a marker) and cyp content were higher in koala liver in comparison to that in human, rat or wallaby, species that do not ingest eucalyptus leaves as food [ngo, s., kong, s., kirlich, a., mckinnon, r.a., stupans, i., 2000. cy ... | 2006 | 16677781 |
| transspecies transmission of the endogenous koala retrovirus. | the koala retrovirus (korv) is a gammaretrovirus closely related to the gibbon ape leukemia virus and induces leukemias and immune deficiencies associated with opportunistic infections, such as chlamydiosis. here we characterize a korv newly isolated from an animal in a german zoo and show infection of human and rat cell lines in vitro and of rats in vivo, using immunological and pcr methods for virus detection. the korv transmembrane envelope protein (p15e) was cloned and expressed, and p15e-sp ... | 2006 | 16699047 |
| use of a gnrh agonist and hcg to obtain an index of testosterone secretory capacity in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | testosterone secretion in mammals typically occurs in random pulses such that a single blood sample provides limited information on reproductive endocrine status. however, it has been shown in several species that an index of the prevailing testosterone biosynthetic capacity of the testes can be obtained by measuring the increase in circulating testosterone after injection of a gnrh agonist or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg). hence, the aims of the present study were to examine fluctuations ... | 2006 | 16751622 |
| nocardia infections in cats: a retrospective multi-institutional study of 17 cases. | to record 17 cases of nocardiosis in cats from eastern australia and to compare this series with cases previously reported. | 2006 | 16879126 |
| factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy. | the aim of this study was to examine the contribution of a broad range of external influences to the gut microbiotic composition in early infancy. | 2006 | 16882802 |
| an investigation into the similarities and differences governing the cryopreservation success of koala (phascolarctos cinereus: goldfuss) and common wombat (vombatus ursinus: shaw) spermatozoa. | the aim of this study was to determine the relative cryopreservation success of koala and wombat spermatozoa and to investigate reasons for their respective post-thaw survival by examining the sperm's response to a range of osmotic media and determining the presence and distribution of f-actin. an hypothesis was proposed that f-actin may be imparting a degree of structural inflexibility to the koala sperm plasma membrane; hence, exposure of spermatozoa to cytochalasin d (5 microm), a f-actin dep ... | 2006 | 16889764 |
| modeling species' distributions to improve conservation in semiurban landscapes: koala case study. | models of species' distributions are commonly used to inform landscape and conservation planning. in urban and semiurban landscapes, the distributions of species are determined by a combination of natural habitat and anthropogenic impacts. understanding the spatial influence of these two processes is crucial for making spatially explicit decisions about conservation actions. we present a logistic regression model for the distribution of koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) in a semiurban landscape in ... | 2006 | 16903106 |
| gut microbiota composition and development of atopic manifestations in infancy: the koala birth cohort study. | perturbations in intestinal microbiota composition due to lifestyle changes may be involved in the development of atopic diseases. we examined gut microbiota composition in early infancy and the subsequent development of atopic manifestations and sensitisation. | 2007 | 17047098 |
| isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of chlamydial isolates from western barred bandicoots. | a range of species of chlamydiales have previously been detected in a variety of australian marsupials, including koalas and western barred bandicoots. thirty-seven ocular, urogenital, or nasal swabs were obtained from 21 wild western barred bandicoots. chlamydia culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed for cycloheximide-treated hep-2 cells in 96-well microtiter plates. chlamydia spp. were isolated from 11 specimens from 9 (42.8%) bandicoots. all isolates were identified as c ... | 2007 | 17122017 |
| cytokines and soluble cd14 in breast milk in relation with atopic manifestations in mother and infant (koala study). | conflicting evidence exists concerning the protective role of breastfeeding in allergy and atopic disease aetiology. breast milk contains biologically active molecules influencing the innate immune system of newborns. | 2006 | 17177685 |
| use of quantitative real-time pcr to monitor the shedding and treatment of chlamydiae in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | the aim of this study was to monitor chlamydial shedding patterns in clinically affected koalas before, during and following treatment using quantitative real-time pcr. swab samples were obtained from 14 koalas presented for treatment at the australian wildlife hospital. four of these animals were followed over a period of 8-9 weeks. primers were designed based on the consensus signature sequence of the 16s rrna chlamydial gene. additional primers were designed based on the sequence of the koala ... | 2007 | 17178441 |
| diphtheria, pertussis, poliomyelitis, tetanus, and haemophilus influenzae type b vaccinations and risk of eczema and recurrent wheeze in the first year of life: the koala birth cohort study. | among potential etiologic factors for atopic manifestations, infant vaccinations have recently been discussed. we evaluated in a prospective design whether infants who were unvaccinated or vaccinated according to incomplete vaccination schedules in the first 6 months of age were at decreased risk for eczema and recurrent wheeze in the first year of life. | 2007 | 17272598 |
| molecular characterization of chlamydophila pneumoniae isolates from western barred bandicoots. | chlamydophila pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular respiratory pathogen that has been associated with pneumonia and chronic bronchitis, atherosclerosis, asthma and other chronic diseases in humans. however, c. pneumoniae is not restricted to humans, as originally thought, and can cause infections in several animal hosts. c. pneumoniae was isolated in cell culture from nine western barred bandicoots (perameles bougainville) from australia. the sequences of five genomic regions were determined, ... | 2007 | 17314374 |
| ocular chlamydiales infections of western barred bandicoots (perameles bougainville) in western australia. | the western barred bandicoot (perameles bougainville) is an endangered species, free ranging on only two islands off the coast of western australia (dorre and bernier islands). conservation efforts are currently directed at reintroducing these marsupials into predator-proof enclosures and habitats in historical distribution ranges on the mainland in the southwest of western australia and in south australia. in september 2000, 19 western barred bandicoots were captured on bernier island for trans ... | 2005 | 17315464 |
| influence of organic diet on the amount of conjugated linoleic acids in breast milk of lactating women in the netherlands. | the aim of the present study was to find out whether the incorporation of organic dairy and meat products in the maternal diet affects the contents of the conjugated linoleic acid isomers (cla) and trans-vaccenic acid (tva) in human breast milk. to this purpose, milk samples from 312 breastfeeding mothers participating in the koala birth cohort study have been analysed. the participants had documented varying lifestyles in relation to the use of conventional or organic products. breast milk samp ... | 2007 | 17349086 |
| hepatic nuclear receptor pparalpha in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus): cloning and molecular characterisation. | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (pparalpha) is a member of the nuclear/steroid receptor gene superfamily that plays an essential role in fatty acid metabolism. pparalpha modulates the expression of genes encoding peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation enzymes and microsomal fatty acid hydroxylases cyp4as. we have previously reported that the obligate eucalyptus feeder koala (phascolarctos cinereus) exhibits a higher hepatic cyp4a activity and an absence of peroxisomal palmitoyl-c ... | 2007 | 17553751 |
| toll-like receptor 4 polymorphism associated with the response to whole-cell pertussis vaccination in children from the koala study. | we examined the association between haplotype tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms in tlr4 and the pertussis toxin-specific immunoglobulin g response after whole-cell pertussis (wp) vaccination in 515 1-year-old children from the koala study. a lower titer was associated with the minor allele of rs2770150, supporting a role for toll-like receptor 4 in the antibody response to wp vaccination. | 2007 | 17699831 |
| fatal encephalitozoonosis in two koalas. | two young koalas from a fauna park, recently out of the pouch and approximately 6 months old, were found dead with no previous clinical signs or gross lesions. on histopathological examination, large numbers of spores consistent with a microsporidian organism were present intracellularly within the small intestinal mucosa. electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction studies (sequencing the 5' end of the ssu rna gene) identified the organism as encephalitozoon intestinalis with 100% homolog ... | 2007 | 17903133 |
| changes in viral protein function that accompany retroviral endogenization. | endogenous retroviruses (ervs) are the remnants of ancient retroviral infections of germ cells and have been maintained in whole or part as heritable genomic elements. the last known endogenization events occurred several million years ago, and therefore stepwise analysis of retroviral endogenization has not been possible. a unique opportunity to study this process became available when a full-length erv isolated from koalas (korv) was shown to have integrated into their germ line within the pas ... | 2007 | 17959780 |
| suppressed recombination on mouse chromosome 15 defined regions of chromosomal inversions associated with koala (koa) and hairy ears (eh) mutations. | koala (koa) and hairy ears (eh) mutations of mice are associated with chromosomal inversions in the distal half of chromosome 15. since these two mutant mice show some common phenotypic features including extra hair on pinna and craniofacial dysmorphogenesis and have similar inverted regions, we determined the inverted regions of these two chromosomal inversions to examine whether a common gene is responsible for the phenotypes of these two mutants. the inverted regions were identified as the re ... | 2008 | 18256521 |
| [toxic waste and health effects in abidjan city, ivory coast]. | accidental chemical pollution can have serious effects on human health. in 2006, the tanker vessel probo koala discharged hundreds of tons of toxic waste at many sites in abidjan city, ivory coast. in the following days and weeks, thousands of people presented signs of poisoning. analysis of the waste demonstrated the presence of toxic chemicals such as mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide. the final toll was 8 dead, dozens hospitalized, and about 100,000 seeking medical advice. this event provides e ... | 2007 | 18300527 |
| interleukin 13, cd14, pet and tobacco smoke influence atopy in three dutch cohorts: the allergenic study. | studying gene-environment interactions may elucidate the complex origins of atopic diseases but requires large study populations. pooling data from several cohort studies may help but may also obscure findings. gene-environment interactions in atopy development were studied and the benefits of pooling data were evaluated. haplotype-tagging polymorphisms in the genes interleukin (il)13 and cd14 were genotyped in 3,062 children from the following birth cohorts: the prevention and incidence of asth ... | 2008 | 18417506 |
| phylogenetic analysis of porphyromonas species isolated from the oral cavity of australian marsupials. | porphyromonas species are frequently isolated from the oral cavity and are associated with periodontal disease in both animals and humans. black, pigmented porphyromonas spp. isolated from the gingival margins of selected wild and captive australian marsupials with varying degrees of periodontal disease (brushtail possums, koalas and macropods) were compared phylogenetically to porphyromonas strains from non-marsupials (bear, wolf, coyote, cats and dogs) and porphyromonas gingivalis strains from ... | 2008 | 18564186 |
| age at first introduction of cow milk products and other food products in relation to infant atopic manifestations in the first 2 years of life: the koala birth cohort study. | scientific evidence is scarce about timing of solid-food introduction and its association with the development of atopy. we aimed to evaluate any associations between the introduction of cow milk products/other solid food products and infant atopic manifestations in the second year of life, taking into account reverse causation. | 2008 | 18595956 |
| hepatic cytochrome p450 enzymes belonging to the cyp2c subfamily from an australian marsupial, the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | cytochromes p450 (cyps) are critically important in the oxidative metabolism of a diverse array of xenobiotics and endogenous substrates. we have previously reported that the obligate eucalyptus feeder koala (phascolarctos cinereus) exhibits a higher hepatic cyp2c activity as compared to non-eucalyptus feeders human or rat, with stimulation of cyp2c activity by cineole. in the present study, we examine cyp2c expression by immunohistochemistry and describe the identification and cloning of koala ... | 2008 | 18619561 |
| identification and characterisation of coding tandem repeat variants in inca gene of chlamydophila pecorum. | bacteria of the family chlamydiaceae are obligate intracellular pathogens of human and animals. chlamydophila pecorum is associated with different pathological conditions in ruminants, swine and koala. to characterize a coding tandem repeat (ctr) identified at the 3' end of inca gene of c. pecorum, 51 strains of different chlamydial species were examined. the ctr were observed in 18 of 18 tested c. pecorum isolates including symptomatic and asymptomatic animals from diverse geographical origins. ... | 2008 | 18651990 |
| preliminary phylogenetic identification of virulent chlamydophila pecorum strains. | chlamydophila pecorum is an obligate intracellular bacterium associated with different pathological conditions in ruminants, swine and koala, which is also found in the intestine of asymptomatic animals. a multi-virulence locus sequence typing (mvlst) system was developed using 19 c. pecorum strains (8 pathogenic and 11 non-pathogenic intestinal strains) isolated from ruminants of different geographical origins. to evaluate the ability of mvlst to distinguish the pathogenic from the non-pathogen ... | 2008 | 18707024 |
| a position effect on trps1 is associated with ambras syndrome in humans and the koala phenotype in mice. | ambras syndrome (as) is a rare form of congenital hypertrichosis with excessive hair on the shoulders, face and ears. cytogenetic studies have previously implicated an association with rearrangements of chromosome 8. here we define an 11.5 mb candidate interval for as on chromosome 8q based on cytogenetic breakpoints in three patients. trps1, a gene within this interval, was deleted in a patient with an 8q23 chromosomal rearrangement, while its expression was significantly downregulated in anoth ... | 2008 | 18713754 |
| detection of a spotted fever group rickettsia in the tick ixodes tasmani collected from koalas in port macquarie, australia. | four species of rickettsia are recognized as endemic to australia. this study reports the detection of a new spotted fever group rickettsia in the common marsupial tick ixodes tasmani neumann collected from koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) in port macquarie, nsw, australia. based on the results of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of extracted tick dna with primers targeting the citrate synthase gene (glta) and the outer membrane proteins a and b (ompa. ompb), rickettsiae were detecte ... | 2008 | 18714878 |
| biology and evolution of the endogenous koala retrovirus. | although endogenous retroviruses are ubiquitous features of all mammalian genomes, the process of initial germ line invasion and subsequent inactivation from a pathogenic element has not yet been observed in a wild species. koala retrovirus (korv) provides a unique opportunity to study this process of endogenisation in action as it still appears to be spreading through the koala population. ongoing expression of the endogenous sequence and consequent high levels of viraemia have been linked to n ... | 2008 | 18818870 |
| ompa and antigenic diversity of bovine chlamydophila pecorum strains. | infections with the intracellular bacterium chlamydophila (c.) pecorum are highly prevalent worldwide in cattle. these infections cause significant diseases such as polyarthritis, pneumonia, enteritis, genital infections and fertility disorders, and occasionally sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis. subclinical respiratory infections of calves with c. pecorum have been associated with airway obstruction, pulmonary inflammation, and reduced weight gains. this investigation examined four chlamydial s ... | 2009 | 18930605 |
| in vitro characterisation of koala chlamydia pneumoniae: morphology, inclusion development and doubling time. | chlamydia pneumoniae is a common human and animal pathogen associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections. of the animal c. pneumoniae isolates, the koala nasal isolate (lpcoln) is by far the best genetically characterised. this current study was designed to characterise the morphology and developmental events for the lpcoln isolate, and our results showed several striking in vitro growth differences when compared to the human isolate, ar39. the lpcoln inclusion size and morphology ... | 2009 | 19026498 |
| early-life rotavirus and norovirus infections in relation to development of atopic manifestation in infants. | the increase in incidence of atopic diseases (ads) in the developed world over the past decades has been associated with reduced exposure of childhood infections. | 2009 | 19032360 |
| sporobolomyces koalae sp. nov., a basidiomycetous yeast isolated from nasal smears of queensland koalas kept in a japanese zoological park. | three strains (jcm 15063(t), jcm 15098 and jcm 15099) of a novel basidiomycetous yeast species belonging to the genus sporobolomyces were isolated from nasal smears of queensland koalas kept in a japanese zoological park. analyses of sequences of the nuclear rdna internal transcribed spacer region and the 26s rdna d1/d2 domain and morphological studies indicated that these strains represent a novel species with a close phylogenetic relationship to sporobolomyces carnicolor and sporobolomyces jap ... | 2008 | 19060093 |
| bartonella-like dna detected in ixodes tasmani ticks (acari: ixodida) infesting koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) in victoria, australia. | a total of 42 ticks comprising ixodes tasmani (n = 41) and ixodes trichosuri (n = 1) were collected from wild koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) at the koala convention centre, philip island, victoria, australia and screened for the presence of bartonella using the target gene glta. bartonella-like dna was detected in 4 of the 19 pooled tick samples (21%). all positive ticks were male. analysis of partial sequences for the glta gene indicated the presence of a bartonella-related species similar to ... | 2009 | 19271994 |
| molecular detection of rickettsia, coxiella and rickettsiella dna in three native australian tick species. | three australian native animal species yielded 60 samples composed of three indigenous ticks. hosts included twelve koalas, two echidnas and one wombat from victoria, and ticks were of the species ixodes tasmani (n = 42), bothriocroton concolor (n = 8) and b. auruginans (n = 10), respectively. pcr screening and sequencing detected a species of coxiella, sharing closest sequence identity to c. burnetii (>98%), in all b. auruginans, as well as a species of rickettsia, matching closest to r. massil ... | 2009 | 19296229 |
| cloning and expression of koala (phascolarctos cinereus) liver cytochrome p450 reductase. | the cloning, expression and characterization of hepatic nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) from koala (phascolarctos cinereus) is described. two 2059 bp koala liver cpr cdnas, designated cpr1 and cpr2, were cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cdna ends. the koala cpr cdnas encode proteins of 678 amino acids and share 85% amino acid sequence identity to human cpr. transfection of the koala cpr cdnas into cos-7 cells resulted in the expression of ... | 2009 | 19444989 |
| trypanosoma irwini n. sp (sarcomastigophora: trypanosomatidae) from the koala ( phascolarctos cinereus). | the morphology and genetic characterization of a new species of trypanosome infecting koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) are described. morphological analysis of bloodstream forms and phylogenetic analysis at the 18s rdna and ggapdh loci demonstrated this trypanosome species to be genetically distinct and most similar to trypanosoma bennetti, an avian trypanosome with a genetic distance of 0.9% at the 18s rdna and 10.7% at the ggapdh locus. the trypanosome was detected by 18s rdna pcr in the blood ... | 2009 | 19570316 |
| characterization of chlamydiaceae species using pcr and high resolution melt curve analysis of the 16s rrna gene. | to design a rapid diagnostic test to differentiate species belonging to the family chlamydiaceae. | 2009 | 19583801 |
| the immune response and fertility of koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) immunised with porcine zonae pellucidae or recombinant brushtail possum zp3 protein. | to evaluate the potential contraceptive effect of immunisation with zona pellucida antigens, 50 free-ranging koalas were immunised with either porcine zonae pellucidae (pzp), recombinant brushtail possum zp3 (recbp-zp3) or buffer, in complete freund's adjuvant. a single booster immunisation in incomplete freund's adjuvant was administered 3-5 months later. where possible animals were recaptured, reproductive status was assessed and blood was collected at 1-3-month intervals for the next 33 month ... | 2009 | 19709753 |
| evidence that human chlamydia pneumoniae was zoonotically acquired. | zoonotic infections are a growing threat to global health. chlamydia pneumoniae is a major human pathogen that is widespread in human populations, causing acute respiratory disease, and has been associated with chronic disease. c. pneumoniae was first identified solely in human populations; however, its host range now includes other mammals, marsupials, amphibians, and reptiles. australian koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) are widely infected with two species of chlamydia, c. pecorum and c. pneumo ... | 2009 | 19749045 |
| cd14 polymorphisms in mother and infant, soluble cd14 in breast milk and atopy development in the infant (koala study). | different cd14 polymorphisms have been associated with atopic phenotypes in infants. in addition, cd14 genotypes of breastfeeding mothers have been associated with soluble cd14 (scd14) levels in breast milk. the role of cd14 genotypes of infant and mother and their interaction with scd14 levels in breast milk in atopy development remain to be established. we aimed to study the associations of cd14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps), and their interaction with breast milk scd14, with atopy de ... | 2010 | 19761511 |
| characterization of the chromosomal inversion associated with the koa mutation in the mouse revealed the cause of skeletal abnormalities. | koala (koa) is a dominant mutation in mice causing bushy muzzle and pinna, and is associated with a chromosomal inversion on the distal half of chromosome 15. to identify the gene responsible for the koa phenotypes, we investigated phenotypes of koa homozygous mice and determined the breakpoints of the inversion with a genetic method using recombination between two different chromosomal inversions. | 2009 | 19772620 |
| histological structure and distribution of carbonic anhydrase isozymes (ca-i, ii, iii and vi) in major salivary glands in koalas. | while the mandibular glands usually consist of only mucous acinar cells or a combination of mucous and serous cells in other species of mammals, those of koalas were serous glands. rabbit mono-specific polyclonal anti-canine ca-i, ii, iii or vi antiserum showed cross-reactivity against corresponding koala carbonic anhydrase (ca) isozymes. although immunohistochemical reactions to ca-i, ii and vi in ductal cells were moderate to strong in the tested salivary glands, no reaction or only slight rea ... | 2009 | 19793089 |
| ecg response of koalas to tourists proximity: a preliminary study. | koalas operate on a tight energy budget and, thus, may not always display behavioral avoidance reaction when placed in a stressful condition. we investigated the physiological response of captive koalas phascolarctos cinereus in a conservation centre to the presence of tourists walking through their habitat. we compared, using animal-attached data-recorders, the electrocardiogram activity of female koalas in contact with tourists and in a human-free area. one of the koalas in the tourist zone pr ... | 2009 | 19823679 |
| recombinant 35-kda inclusion membrane protein inca as a candidate antigen for serodiagnosis of chlamydophila pecorum. | chlamydophila pecorum strains are commonly found in the intestine and vaginal mucus of asymptomatic ruminants and may therefore induce a positive serological response when the animals are tested for c. abortus. they have also been associated with different pathological diseases in ruminants, swine and koala. the aim of this study was to identify specific c. pecorum immunodominant antigens which could be used in elisa tests allowing to distinguish between animals infected with c. pecorum and thos ... | 2010 | 19969431 |
| recent advances in the understanding of chlamydophila pecorum infections, sixteen years after it was named as the fourth species of the chlamydiaceae family. | chlamydophila pecorum found in the intestine and vaginal mucus of asymptomatic ruminants has also been associated with different pathological conditions in ruminants, swine and koalas. some endangered species such as water buffalos and bandicoots have also been found to be infected by c. pecorum. the persistence of c. pecorum strains in the intestine and vaginal mucus of ruminants could cause long-term sub-clinical infection affecting the animal's health. c. pecorum strains present many genetic ... | 2010 | 19995513 |
| x-chromosome forkhead box p3 polymorphisms associate with atopy in girls in three dutch birth cohorts. | the forkhead box p3 (foxp3) gene, located on the x-chromosome, encodes a transcription factor that directs t cells toward a regulatory phenotype. regulatory t cells may suppress development of atopy. we evaluated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of foxp3 are associated with atopy development in childhood. | 2010 | 20028375 |