| dynamic in species estimates of carnivores (leopard cat, red fox, and north chinese leopard): a multi-year assessment of occupancy and coexistence in the tieqiaoshan nature reserve, shanxi province, china. | wildlife populations are spatially controlled and undergo frequent fluctuations in abundance and site occupation. a comprehensive understanding of dynamic species processes is essential for making appropriate wildlife management plans. here, we used a multi-season model to describe the dynamics of occupancy estimates of the carnivores: north chinese leopard (panthera pardus japonensis, gray, 1862), leopard cat (prionailurus bengalensis, kerr, 1792), and red fox (vulpes vulpes, linnaeus, 1758) in ... | 2020 | 32752223 |
| impact of sympatric carnivores on den selection of wild giant pandas. | interspecific killing is a primary reason for the low survival rates of some animal species. the giant panda ( ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an altricial eutherian mammal and thus, in comparison to other infants, panda cubs are highly vulnerable, which may significantly influence the selection of breeding sites by females. here, we used infrared camera traps to monitor giant panda dens for 5.5 years in foping national nature reserve (fnnr) to determine how interspecific factors affect den selection ... | 2020 | 32279465 |
| microsatellite dna analysis reveals lower than expected genetic diversity in the threatened leopard cat (prionailurus bengalensis) in south korea. | to optimize conservation efforts, it is necessary to determine the risk of extinction by collecting reliable population information for a given species. we developed eight novel, polymorphic microsatellite markers and used these markers in conjunction with twelve existing markers to measure genetic diversity of south korean populations of leopard cat (prionailurus bengalensis), a species for which population size and habitat area data are unknown in the country, to assess its conservation status ... | 2018 | 29892957 |
| identification of selected wild felids using hair morphology and forensically informative nucleotide sequencing (fins): wildlife forensics prospective. | we describe the identification of the leopard cat (prionailurus bengalensis), jungle cat (felis chaus) fishing cat (prionailurus viverrinusis), wild cat (felis silvestris) and caracal (caracal caracal) using combined approach of morphological and molecular based analysis. three mitochondrial genes [12s rrna, 16s rrna and cytochrome b (cyt b)] and hair characteristics (cuticle and medulla patterns) were analysed and variation was observed among few selected wild felids. we did not find conclusive ... | 2020 | 32208347 |
| the method matters: the effect of handling time on cortisol level and blood parameters in wild cats. | blood analysis has recently become a popular tool to assess the welfare of the wild cats. however, the estimates of blood parameters may depend on the sampling method. we have tested (1) if the sampling procedure influences blood parameters and (2) what parameters are the most efficient in assessing the physiological status in wild cat species. we assessed the effect of handling time on red blood cells (rbc) and white blood cells (wbc) counts, the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (n/l ratio), ... | 2018 | 29893473 |
| genetic diversity and genetic structure of the wild tsushima leopard cat from genome-wide analysis. | the tsushima leopard cat (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) lives on tsushima island in japan and is a regional population of the amur leopard cat; it is threatened with extinction. its genetic management is important because of the small population. we used genotyping by random amplicon sequencing-direct (gras-di) to develop a draft genome and explore single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers. the snps were analyzed using three genotyping methods (mapping de novo, to the tsushima leopard ... | 2020 | 32784782 |
| bacteria isolated from bengal cat (felis catus × prionailurus bengalensis) anal sac secretions produce volatile compounds potentially associated with animal signaling. | in social animals, scent secretions and marking behaviors play critical roles in communication, including intraspecific signals, such as identifying individuals and group membership, as well as interspecific signaling. anal sacs are an important odor producing organ found across the carnivorans (species in the mammalian order carnivora). secretions from the anal sac may be used as chemical signals by animals for behaviors ranging from defense to species recognition to signaling reproductive stat ... | 2019 | 31518350 |
| efficient immortalization of cells derived from critically endangered tsushima leopard cat (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) with expression of mutant cdk4, cyclin d1, and telomerase reverse transcriptase. | tsushima leopard cat is the subspecies of amur cats, and it is classified as the most highest class of critically endangered animals. although the protection activity is highly recognized, the number of animals is decreasing due to the human activity and invasion of domestic cats and infectious disease. in this study, we succeeded primary culture of normal fibroblasts derived from the tsushima leopard cat (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus). furthermore, we introduced the human derived mutant ... | 2018 | 30225752 |
| identification of felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 in tsushima leopard cats (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) on tsushima island, japan. | felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 (fcaghv1) is a widely endemic infection of domestic cats. current epidemiological data identify domestic cats as the sole natural host for fcaghv1. the tsushima leopard cat (tlc; prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) is a critically endangered species that lives only on tsushima island, nagasaki, japan. nested pcr was used to test the blood or spleen of 89 tlcs for fcaghv1 dna; three (3.37%; 95% ci, 0.70⁻9.54) were positive. for tlc management purposes, we also scre ... | 2018 | 30029545 |
| sperm cryopreservation in the far-eastern wildcat (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus). | the far-eastern wildcat (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) is a rare and poorly investigated nondomestic felid species. an attempt of freezing and cryopreserving far-eastern wildcat spermatozoa in caniplus freeze (cpf) medium is reported. sperm was collected by electroejaculation from five adult far-eastern wildcat captive-born males. epididymal spermatozoa from five adult randomly bred domestic cat males were used as a reference. the viability of frozen-thawed spermatozoa evaluated by double ... | 2018 | 29968363 |
| bigger doesn't mean bolder: behavioral variation of four wild rodent species to novelty and predation risk following a fast-slow continuum. | understanding how wild species respond to novel situations with associated risk can provide valuable insights for inter-specific behavioral variation and associations with pace-of-life (pol). rodents, a globally distributed and diverse taxonomic group, have been the subjects of countless studies emulating risky situations. controlled laboratory experiments with a focus on wild-caught species provide the opportunity to test fine-scale behavioral responses to contexts of risk with ecological impli ... | 2020 | 32973911 |
| identification of a novel linear b-cell epitope on the nucleocapsid protein of porcine deltacoronavirus. | porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), first identified in 2012, is a swine enteropathogen now found in many countries. the nucleocapsid (n) protein, a core component of pdcov, is essential for virus replication and is a significant candidate in the development of diagnostics for pdcov. in this study, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated and tested for reactivity with three truncations of the full protein (n1, n2, n3) that contained partial overlaps; of the five monoclonals chosen tested, each ... | 2020 | 31963776 |
| distribution of residual agricultural pesticides and their impact assessment on the survival of an endangered species. | this study aimed to assess the distribution of spent pesticides in an agro-farming area and to evaluate their impact on the ecological risk for an endangered species combing the health risk assessment concept with the modelling algorithm proposed by european food safety authority (efsa). an agricultural area in western taiwan was chosen to investigate the ecological risk on prionailurus bengalensis. their ecological stability was evaluated in the context of the residuals' distribution of the spe ... | 2020 | 31879098 |
| distribution of carnivore protoparvovirus 1 in free-living leopard cats (prionailurus bengalensis chinensis) and its association with domestic carnivores in taiwan. | carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (cppv-1) is widespread among free-living carnivores, and cppv-1 infection may directly or indirectly impact on the population of endangered carnivore species. in this study, we used molecular screening of viral capsid protein 2 (vp2) from 2015 to 2017, to assess the prevalence of cppv-1 infection in 9 live-trapped (lt) and 17 vehicle collision (vc)-affected free-living leopard cats (prionailurus bengalensis chinensis). in addition, we conducted the phylogenetic analys ... | 2019 | 31479483 |
| the tsushima leopard cat exhibits extremely low genetic diversity compared with the korean amur leopard cat: implications for conservation. | we examined genetic diversity of the wild tsushima leopard cat-a regional population of the amur leopard cat-using microsatellite markers. in addition, we compared genetic diversity of the tsushima leopard cat with that of the korean population of amur leopard cat. although bias should be considered when applying cross-species amplification, the tsushima leopard cat showed a lower index of molecular genetic diversity than did the korean population. these results were consistent with those obtain ... | 2019 | 31341743 |
| a clonorchiasis case of a leopard cat, prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus, diagnosed by ultrasonography and egg detection in republic of korea. | a clonorchiasis case in a captive leopard cat, prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus, was confirmed by ultrasonographic findings and egg morphologies found in the bile juice sample in the korea. the leopard cat was introduced from the wild habitat of gyeongsangnam-do, to cheongju zoo in cheongju-si, chungcheongbuk-do, korea in august 2014. physical examinations were basically performed for quarantine and check-up health. the cat was comparatively good in health except anorexia. the cyst-like bile ... | 2019 | 31284354 |
| sex identification using zfx and zfy genes in leopard cats (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) in korea. | in this study, we used multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to determine the sex of leopard cats (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) in korea. when we applied pcr using primers based on the intronic region between zfx and zfy, only one dna band of 143 bp was detected in females, compared with two specific bands of 143 and 310 bp in males, indicating that the band patterns were clearly different between females and males. since the set of primers also proved compatible with tissue and feca ... | 2019 | 30944271 |
| histomorphological differentiation of the skin of leopard (panthera pardus), leopard cat (prionailurus bengalensis), bengal tiger (panthera tigris), and golden jackal (canis aureus). | leopard (panthera pardus), leopard cat (prionailurus bengalensis) bengal tiger (panthera tigris), and golden jackal (canis aureus) are carnivores. leopard and bengal tiger are listed in the red list as vulnerable species by the international union for conservation of nature and natural resources. leopard cat and golden jackal are grouped under animals of least concern. a wide variation exists in the structure of the skin and pattern of hair follicles among domestic and wild mammals. thus, the st ... | 2019 | 32546933 |
| molecular genetic findings of spirometra decipiens and s. ranarum in korea. | the taxonomy of spirometra species has been controversial despite the medical and veterinary importance. currently, only a few spirometra species are considered valid species in the genus spirometra. in the present study, the distribution of spirometra species obtained from animals in korea were identified by molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase i (cox1) gene. a total of 28 spirometra species specimens were analyzed. these were all collected between 1973 and 2008 in the r ... | 2018 | 30196668 |
| characterization and cryopreservation of amur leopard cats (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) semen collected by urethral catheterization. | the amur leopard cat (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) is a globally endangered species, and there is thus an urgent need to increase its population. the objectives of this study were to: (1) confirm the utility of urethral catheterization (uc) for semen collection from amur leopard cats; (2) investigate proper dilution media for fresh semen; and (3) investigate the effectiveness of sperm cryopreservation, including examining the effect of glycerol concentration. six adult males in captivity ... | 2018 | 29982141 |
| influence of vegetation area and edge length on mammals in urban woods. | we investigated the relationships between vegetation area, edge length, and mammals in the urban woods of daejeon metropolitan city, south korea. the vegetation patches included in this study varied from 2.1 to 501.0 ha in size. surveys were conducted monthly between february and october 2015, with a survey route measuring 1 km in length and 10 m width established in each forest patch. field signs of 14 species of mammals were recorded in the 33 chosen forest patches over the course of the study ... | 2017 | 30460081 |
| molecular survey of selected viral pathogens in wild leopard cats (prionailurus bengalensis) in taiwan with an emphasis on the spatial and temporal dynamics of carnivore protoparvovirus 1. | the leopard cat (prionailurus bengalensis) was listed as an endangered species under the wildlife conservation act in taiwan in 2009. however, no study has evaluated the possible direct or indirect effects of pathogens on the taiwanese leopard cat population. here, we targeted viral pathogens, including carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (genus protoparvovirus), feline leukemia virus (felv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), coronaviruses (covs), and canine distemper virus (cdv), through molecular s ... | 2021 | 33389172 |
| serological evidence of h5-subtype influenza a virus infection in indigenous avian and mammalian species in korea. | in korea, h5-subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) has caused huge economic losses in poultry farms through outbreaks of h5n1 since 2003, h5n8 since 2013 and h5n6 since 2016. although it was reported that long-distance migratory birds may play a major role in the global spread of avian influenza viruses (aivs), transmission from such birds to poultry has not been confirmed. intermediate hosts in the wild also may be a potential factor in viral transmission. therefore, a total of 367 s ... | 2018 | 29204739 |