| the effect of extended in-sewer storage on wastewater treatment plant performance. | a project funded by ukwir is under way in the uk to develop a relatively simple methodology whereby the effects of the introduction of extended in-sewer storage at csos on downstream sewerage and treatment can be assessed. recent legislation (uk and european) has compelled many sewer system operators to introduce systems which increase in-sewer retention times, and also retain more flow and load within sewer networks. the project has reviewed existing knowledge about the interaction between in-s ... | 2002 | 11902475 |
| helminth fauna of the stoat (mustela erminea linneaus, 1758) and the weasel (m. nivalis linnaeus, 1758) in belorussian polesie. | helminthological examinations of 30 stoat and 31 weasel carcasses were carried out in belorussian polesie (southern part of belarus, brest and gomel regions) between 1980 and 1999. the total rate of helminth infection of these animals was 78.7%. a total of 23 stoats and 25 weasels were infected by helminths. the animals were hosts for 20 species of helminths. | 2001 | 11511009 |
| influence of primary sedimentation on pre-denitrification system performances. | the effects of suppressing primary sedimentation on nitrogen removal efficiency of a pre-denitrification system have been evaluated for a large municipal wastewater treatment plant. simulations have been carried out using the stoat model. for both the process schemes with and without primary sedimentation, nitrification efficiencies are calculated for increasing influent loads of cod, total n and suspended solids. the sensitivity analysis shows that for the usual carbon to nitrogen ratios in the ... | 2001 | 11496661 |
| live fast--die young. the life history of stoats and weasels. | rarely seen but endowed with a larger-than-life reputation, stoats and weasels are among our most common and yet most enigmatic predators. they are the world's smallest carnivores and they spend much of their short lives in a frenetic search for prey. their quicksilver behaviour and 'burn-out not fade-away' lifestyle provide many puzzles for biologists and conservationists alike. | 2000 | 11190243 |
| microsatellite markers for american mink (mustela vison) and ermine (mustela erminea). | | 1999 | 10507871 |
| studies of bioaccumulation and biotransformation of pcbs in mustelids based on concentration and congener patterns in predators and preys. | bioaccumulation of non-, mono-, and di-ortho-substituted chlorobiphenyls (cbs) was investigated in four species of mustelids (weasel, stoat, polecat, and otter) and their preys, from a restricted area in the northern part of the netherlands. diets of these mustelids ranged from terrestrial (weasel, stoat, and polecat) to aquatic (otter). diet-specific biomagnification factors (bmfs), cb in diet relative to cb in mustelids, were calculated for the sum of 28 congeners (sigmacb), for the sum of the ... | 1998 | 9776784 |
| filaroides infections in wild ferrets (mustela putorius) and stoats (mustela erminea). | | 1996 | 16031937 |
| behaviour of cyclic bank voles under risk of mustelid predation: do females avoid copulations? | mustelid odours have been shown to suppress breeding in captive bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) from cyclic populations (ylönen 1989; ylönen and ronkainen 1994). the mechanism behind the suppression is unknown. based on a series of behavioural trials and breeding experiments with pairs of bank voles in breeding condition, we suggest that the primary cause for breeding suppression is a change in female mating behaviour. experimental female-male pairs (n=34) exposed to mustelid odour decrease ... | 1994 | 28313633 |
| [the preimplantation embryonic development of 2 species of mammals from the family mustelidae (mustela erminea and mustela vison)]. | the preimplantation development of common weasel and american mink embryos was studied using light microscopy. oocytes and blastomeres of these embryos are rich with lipids synthesized during oogenesis. apparently, most lipids are utilized during the trophoblast formation. large spherical blastomeres protecting zona pellucida are formed by the stage of implantation. the shape of the blastocyst, as well as central superficial implantation, are typical for carnivores and distinguish the studied or ... | 2010 | 8152724 |
| responses of stoats and least weasels to fluctuating food abundances: is the low phase of the vole cycle due to mustelid predation? | we studied responses of stoats and least weasels to fluctuating vole abundances during seven winters in western finland. density indices of mustelids were derived from snow-tracking, diet composition from scat samples, and vole abundances from snap-trapping. predation rate was estimated by the ratio of voles to mustelids and by the vole kill rate by predators (density of predator x percentage of voles in the diet). we tested the following four predictions of the hypothesis that small mustelids c ... | 1991 | 28312626 |
| comparison of release devices for stoat (mustela ermined) semiochemicals used as montane vole (microtus montanus) repellents. | fenced enclosures were used to simulate peak populations of montane voles (microtus montanus) for field bioassays of a stoat (mustela erminea) scent mixture in various controlled-release devices. a 1∶ 1 mixture of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane was dispensed in capillary tubes, clay pellets (activated alumina), rubber septa, and plastic rope. release devices were placed near, or attached to, young apple trees planted in blocks in two enclosures containing high populations of voles. ... | 1990 | 24263608 |
| response of pocket gophers (thomomys talpoides) to an operational application of synthetic semiochemicals of stoat (mustela erminea). | this paper reports on laboratory bioassays and a large-scale field trial of synthetic mustelid anal-gland compounds in controlled-release devices designed for operational application to burrow systems of northern pocket gophers (thomomys talpoides). the field study was conducted in an apple orchard in the okanagan valley of british columbia. in laboratory bioassays, a 1∶1 mixture of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane from the stoat (mustela erminea) and 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolane from ... | 1990 | 24263607 |
| apple ermine moth,yponomeuta malinellus zeller two components of female sex pheromone gland highly effective in field trapping tests. | when electroantennographic responses of maleyponomeuta malinellus zeller to model compounds were determined at dosages of 0.3-30 ng, the strongest responses were obtained from (z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate (z9-12∶ac). also, strong responses were obtained from (z)-11-tetradecenal (z11-14∶a1) and (z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (zl1-14∶oh). at a dosage of 0.3 ng,z11-14∶a1 produced a stronger response thanz11-14∶oh, while at a dosage of 30 ng,z11-14∶oh andz11-14∶a1 produced equal responses. gas chromatographic ... | 1990 | 24263504 |
| [chromosomal localization and evolutionary age of satellite dnas of mustelidae]. | dna reassociation kinetics were studied in the european mink (mustela lutreola), the american mink (m. vison), the marbled polecat (vormela peregusna). variation in dna quantity and heterochromatin amount occurs in connection with changes in the size of all kinetic fractions. moderately repetitive genome component is the most variable in these three species. cryptic cscl satellite of the stoat (m. erminea), ag+/cs2so4 satellites of the m. vison, v. peregusna were used for in situ homo- and heter ... | 1988 | 3250906 |
| the ermine phenotype: pigmentary-hearing loss heterogeneity. | the term ermine phenotype has been chosen to describe patients with white hair with black tufts. the patients also have sensorineural hearing loss. this rare phenotype may come about either by failure of migration of melanocytes or by an autoimmune mechanism. examples of each are cited. the authors describe a possible third type. comparison with other pigment loss-sensorineural hearing loss syndromes is made. | 1988 | 3055988 |
| use of predator odors as repellents to reduce feeding damage by herbivores : iv. northern pocket gophers (thomomys talpoides). | this study investigated the influence of the major anal-gland compounds from the stoat (mustela erminea) and ferret (m. putorius) in generating an avoidance response by northern pocket gophers (thomomys talpoides) in tree fruit orchards in the okanagan valley of british columbia, canada. a secondary objective assessed the impact of additional predator odors on gopher avoidance behavior in laboratory bioassays. in field bioassays, a 1: 1 mixture of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane, as ... | 1988 | 24277016 |
| use of predator odors as repellents to reduce feeding damage by herbivores : iii. montane and meadow voles (microtus montanus andmicrotus pennsylvanicus). | this study investigated the influence of the major anal-gland compounds from the stoat (mustela erminea) and fecal and urine compounds from the red fox (vulpes vulpes) in generating an avoidance response by montane voles (microtus montanus), as well as suppressing feeding by montane and meadow (m. pennsylvanicus) voles on apple trees in orchards. in trap bioassays, a 1∶1 mixture of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane significantly reduced vole captures. other mixtures of stoat compounds ... | 1988 | 24277015 |
| coumarins inprunus mahaleb and its herbivore, the small ermine mothyponomeuta mahalebellus. | larvae of the small ermine mothyponomeuta mahalebellus were reared on foliage ofprunus mahaleb, a plant known to contain coumarins. thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography showed that coumarin, umbelliferone, and herniarin were present in leaves ofp. mahaleb and in pupae and adults ofy. mahalebellus. overall concentrations of simple coumarins in the plant and insect were, respectively, 0.54% and 0.003-0.004% (dry weight). the possible role of coumarins in the chemical defense of both th ... | 1987 | 24301473 |
| repeatability of pheromone emissions from individual female ermine mothsyponomeuta padellus andyponomeuta rorellus. | the repeatability of the composition of pheromone emitted by individual female moths (yponomeuta) was determined by gas chromatographic analysis. an improved technique for repeated collections of airborne volatiles from the same moth was developed. the procedure did not harm the females and allowed precise quantification of 0.05 ng of pheromone components in 30-min collections. individual females ofy. padellus (n=10) andy. rorellus (n=5) were sampled six and eight days after emergence.y. padellu ... | 1987 | 24302244 |
| is the extremely low heterozygosity level in yponomeuta rorellus caused by bottlenecks? | among the common and widespread species of the small ermine moths (yponomeuta) the almost complete absence of genetic variability from a sample of 75 protein loci is a striking feature of y. rorellus. congeners exhibit normal to high h levels. at least for soluble proteins, this variation estimate is a real one, not resulting from an inability of the zymogram technique to detect variation nor from a biased sample of loci. the most likely explanation for the dearth of variation observed is a bott ... | 1987 | 28563815 |
| anal gland secretions of the stoat (mustela erminea) and the ferret (mustela putorius formafuro) : some additional thietane components. | two new thietanes,cis- andtrans-2-ethyl-3-methylthietane, have been identified in the anal gland secretion of the stoat, and 2-isopropyl thietane has been characterized from the anal gland secretion of the ferret. conflicting published data are reevaluated. | 1985 | 24310328 |
| sex pheromones and reproductive isolation in four european small ermine moths. | reproductive isolation among four sympatric small ermine moths (yponomeuta) is analyzed in terms of niches in the sexual communication channel. potential pheromone components were identified from pheromone gland secretions ofy. evonymellus,y. cagnagellus,y. padelius, andy. vigintipunctatus by gas chromatography with flame ionization and electroantennographic detection and tested for behavioral activity in the field. the species were found to share (z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (z11-14: oac) in com ... | 1985 | 24310129 |
| influence of mustelid scent-gland compounds on suppression of feeding by snowshoe hares (lepus americanus). | this study investigated the influence of mustelid anal-gland compounds in suppressing feeding by snowshoe hares on coniferous tree seedlings. pen and field bioassays indicated that 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane from the stoat (mustela erminea), and secondarily, 2,2-dimethylthietane from the mink (m. vison) had a very negative effect on feeding behavior of hares. the major component of stoat anal gland secretions, 2-propylthietane, and the related compounds, thietane and 2-methylthietane, were not effe ... | 1984 | 24318435 |
| the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of the stoat (mustela erminea l.). | the distribution and movements of two stoat populations were studied by capture-recapture and tracking in the swiss jura mountains. on the brévine area in summer 1977 the population was at a high density phase and evenly distributed. a well established intrasexual territorial system was observed, with a high degree of sedentarity in adults. during the decline and the following phase of scarcity, the stoats were progressively restricted to a peat-bog area and the territorial system broke down. th ... | 1983 | 25024150 |
| a comparative chromosome study by means of g-, c-, and nor-bandings of the weasel, the pygmy weasel and the stoat (mustela, carnivora, mammalia). | | 1980 | 6160121 |
| on co-existence, foraging strategy and the biogeography of weasels and stoats (mustela nivalis and m. erminea) in britain. | mustela nivalis and m. erminea, two sympatric species of weasels of superficially similar appearance and habits, have different breeding and foraging strategies associated with the difference in their body size. m. nivalis is more efficient in exploiting small rodent prey, and can breed rapidly to take immediate advantage of rodent peaks, but is vulnerable to local extinction during rodent declines. m. erminea has more generalized food habits, and is the larger and probably the dominant species, ... | 1979 | 28309432 |
| muscle spindle supply to the masticatory muscles in the japane ermine (carnivora). | histological examination of the jaw muscles of the japanese ermine showed that 4 jaw-closing muscles have 13 muscle spindles on one side of the face. the temporal muscle has 99 muscle spindles, 68 being in the anterior vertical and 31 in the posterior horizontal belly. the masseter muscle has 33 muscle spindles, 23 being in the profound and 10 in the superficial belly. the medial pterygoid muscle has 7 muscle spindles and the zygomaticomandibular muscle contains 4 muscle spindles. the lateral pt ... | 1979 | 160761 |
| agonistic behaviour and dominance in stoats (mustela erminea l.). | behavioural mechanisms underlying distribution in a stoat (mustela erminea) population were examined experimentally in an enclosure simulating natural habitats with living prey. agonistic behaviours, displayed by individual stoats of different sex and age while being tested in pairs in various combinations were recorded. dominance relationships between different categories of stoats (femalefemale, adult and juvenile male male) were examined, as was social dominance between individual stoats of t ... | 1977 | 563152 |
| reproduction in the male stoat, mustela erminea. | | 1974 | 4452973 |
| plasma progesterone levels in the stoat. | | 1974 | 4819321 |
| ovarian cycle and plasma progesterone levels in the female stoat, mustela erminea. | | 1972 | 4648138 |
| hair color, molt, and testis size in male, short-tailed weasels treated with melatonin. | melatonin in beeswax was implanted in male weasels (mustela erminea). brown weasels and white animals undergoing the spring change to the brown pelage and reproductive activity molted, grew a new white coat, and became reproductively quiescent after treatment. controls retained or acquired the brown coat and developed or maintained enlarged testes. treated weasels with pituitary autografts under the kidney capsule grew brown hair after hair growth was initiated by plucking. it is suggested that ... | 1969 | 5816328 |
| effect of pituitary autografts on hair color in the short-tailed weasel. | | 1968 | 5726275 |
| [the chromosomes of mustela erminea cicognanii bonaparte (mammalia-carnivora)]. | | 1967 | 6079740 |
| hormonal control of pelage cycles in the short tailed weasel (mustela erminea bangsi). | | 1965 | 14321940 |
| early sexual maturity in the female short-tailed weasel. | | 1958 | 17793282 |
| [the constrictor mechanism in the blood vessels leading to and from the liver in the ermine]. | | 1952 | 12996261 |
| do bromadiolone treatments to control grassland water voles (arvicola scherman) affect small mustelid abundance? | the use of pesticides can affect non-target species by causing population declines through indirect intoxication. small mustelids (sms; weasels, mustela nivalis l.; stoats, mustela erminea l.) consume water voles (wvs, arvicola scherman s.) and can be exposed to bromadiolone, an anticoagulant rodenticide used in some countries to reduce wv damage to grasslands. here, we investigated whether bromadiolone affected sm abundance. | 2019 | 30175431 |
| the mixed liver and heart transcriptome dataset of the new zealand brushtail possum, trichosurus vulpecula. | new zealand suffers greatly from invasive mammal predators including rats, stoats, feral cats and possums all of which not only damage or prey on new zealand's unique terrestrial biodiversity, but also have huge impact on nz's economy as many of these pests act as vectors of disease to farm and game animals. as such, the nz government has invested nearly $90 m to support an ambitious plan to make the country predator free by 2050. although there are adequate means to control invasive predator po ... | 2019 | 31700950 |
| assessing arrays of multiple trail cameras to detect north american mammals. | motion triggered camera traps are an increasingly popular tool for wildlife research and can be used to survey for multiple species simultaneously. as with all survey techniques, it is crucial to conduct camera trapping research following study designs that include adequate spatial and temporal replication, and sufficient probability of detecting species presence. the use and configuration of multiple camera traps within a single survey site are understudied considerations that could have a subs ... | 2019 | 31206527 |
| impact of climate change on the small mammal community of the yukon boreal forest. | long-term monitoring is critical to determine the stability and sustainability of wildlife populations, and if change has occurred, why. we have followed population density changes in the small mammal community in the boreal forest of the southern yukon for 46 years with density estimates by live trapping on 3-5 unmanipulated grids in spring and autumn. this community consists of 10 species and was responsible for 9% of the energy flow in the herbivore component of this ecosystem from 1986 to 19 ... | 2019 | 30983064 |
| causes of mortality and morbidity in free-ranging mustelids in switzerland: necropsy data from over 50 years of general health surveillance. | although mustelids occur worldwide and include a wide range of species, little is known about the diseases affecting them. mustelids have regularly been submitted for post mortem investigation in the framework of the program for general wildlife health surveillance in switzerland, which has been in place for nearly 60 years. we performed a retrospective analysis of the necropsy reports on mustelids submitted to the diagnostic service of the university of bern. the aims of this study were to pres ... | 2018 | 29921290 |
| ecology and infection dynamics of multi-host amdoparvoviral and protoparvoviral carnivore pathogens. | amdoparvovirus and protoparvovirus are monophyletic viral genera that infect carnivores. we performed surveillance for and sequence analyses of parvoviruses in mustelids in insular british columbia to investigate parvoviral maintenance and cross-species transmission among wildlife. overall, 19.1% (49/256) of the tested animals were parvovirus-positive. aleutian mink disease virus (amdv) was more prevalent in mink (41.6%, 32/77) than martens (3.1%, 4/130), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) was mor ... | 2020 | 32075256 |
| demodex melesinus (acariformes: demodecidae) - the forgotten european badger parasite, rediscovered after 100 years. | among 15 demodecid mite species (acariformes: demodecidae) recorded from carnivorans carnivora, 3 species were described from mustelids mustelidae. they are known only from single records, for which demodex erminae has been described from the stoat mustela erminea from great britain and new zealand, d. melesinus from the european badger meles meles known solely from great britain and d. lutrae discovered in the eurasian otter lutra lutra from poland. the current record confirms the existence of ... | 2018 | 30367752 |
| high performance modeling of heterogeneous sofc electrode microstructures using the moose framework: ermine (electrochemical reactions in microstructural networks). | electrochemical energy devices, such as batteries and fuel cells, contain active electrode components that have highly porous, multiphase microstructures for improved performance. predictive electrochemical models of solid oxide fuel cell (sofc) electrode performance based on measured microstructures have been limited to small length scales, a small number of simulations, and/or relatively homogeneous microstructures. to overcome the difficulty in modeling electrochemical activity of inhomogeneo ... | 2020 | 32195139 |
| identification and evolution of glucosinolate sulfatases in a specialist flea beetle. | glucosinolates, a characteristic group of specialized metabolites found in brassicales plants, are converted to toxic isothiocyanates upon herbivory. several insect herbivores, including the cabbage stem flea beetle (psylliodes chrysocephala), prevent glucosinolate activation by forming desulfo-glucosinolates. here we investigated the molecular basis of glucosinolate desulfation in p. chrysocephala, an important pest of oilseed rape. enzyme activity assays with crude beetle protein extracts reve ... | 2019 | 31673017 |
| changing host plants causes structural differences in the parasitoid complex of the monophagous moth yponomeuta evonymella, but does not improve survival rate. | recently in poland, cases of host expansion have frequently been observed in the typically monophagous bird-cherry ermine moth (yponomeuta evonymella), which has moved from its native host plant, bird cherry (prunus padus), to a new, widely distributed plant that is invasive in europe, black cherry (p.serotina). we attempted to verify the reasons behind this host change in the context of the enemy-free space hypothesis by focusing on parasitoids attacking larval y. evonymella on one of three hos ... | 2019 | 31277503 |
| living on the edge: exploring the role of coastal refugia in the alexander archipelago of alaska. | although islands are of long-standing interest to biologists, only a handful of studies have investigated the role of climatic history in shaping evolutionary diversification in high-latitude archipelagos. in this study of the alexander archipelago (aa) of southeast alaska, we address the impact of glacial cycles on geographic genetic structure for three mammals co-distributed along the north pacific coast. we examined variation in mitochondrial and nuclear loci for long-tailed voles (microtus l ... | 2019 | 30847072 |
| whole-genome analysis of mustela erminea finds that pulsed hybridization impacts evolution at high latitudes. | at high latitudes, climatic shifts hypothetically initiate recurrent episodes of divergence by isolating populations in glacial refugia-ice-free regions that enable terrestrial species persistence. upon glacial recession, populations subsequently expand and often come into contact with other independently diverging populations, resulting in gene flow. to understand how recurrent periods of isolation and contact may have impacted evolution at high latitudes, we investigated introgression dynamics ... | 2018 | 30271934 |
| habitual tool use innovated by free-living new zealand kea. | the emergence of flexible tool use is rare in the animal kingdom and thought to be largely constrained by either cognitive ability or ecological factors. that mostly birds with a high level of intelligence innovate tool use in captivity is consistent with the former hypothesis. we report here the first documented case of habitual tool use innovated in the wild by a bird species only known to have used tools in captivity. trap-boxes containing food-bait and snap-trap(s) were installed in the remo ... | 2018 | 30224791 |
| ermine revolt. | | 2018 | 30062103 |