| sequence analysis of the gene encoding vp4 of a bovine group c rotavirus: molecular evidence for a new p genotype. | nucleotide sequence of the bovine group c rotavirus shintoku strain gene 3 was determined. segment 3 is 2253 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains a long open reading frame (orf) beginning at nt 22 and terminating at nt 2223. this orf encodes a polypeptide of 733 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 83 kda. the deduced gene 3 amino acid sequence shares 79% and 73% identities with vp4 of the porcine cowden and human bristol strains, respectively. lack of high amino acid sequence homol ... | 1999 | 10499454 |
| dual infection of gnotobiotic calves with bovine strains of group a and porcine-like group c rotaviruses influences pathogenesis of the group c rotavirus. | there is serological evidence that bovine group c rotaviruses exist in the united states, but there are no reports of their isolation. ninety fecal samples from calves with diarrhea, 81 samples from adult cows with diarrhea (winter dysentery), and 20 fecal samples from healthy adult cows were tested for group c rotaviruses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immune electron microscopy, and reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr). three samples from adult cow diarrhea cases were positive only by rt ... | 1999 | 10516037 |
| seroepidemiology of human group c rotavirus in south africa. | sera from three separate healthy population cohorts were used to determine the incidence of group c rotavirus infections in 1,356 south africans. using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a recombinant group c rotavirus vp6 protein, the total percent positivity was found to be 34.4% (range, 33 to 38%), with almost half of the population infected after the age of 20 years. | 1999 | 10565947 |
| molecular characterization of human group c rotavirus genes 6, 7 and 9. | genes 6, 7 and 9 of human group c rotavirus 'bristol' strain, encoding non-structural proteins (nsp) 3, 1 and 2, respectively, were cloned and sequenced. human group c rotavirus genome segment 6 is 1350 bp and contains a single orf of 1231 nucleotides (encoding 402 amino acids). genome segment 7 is 1270 bp and encodes a protein of 394 amino acids and genome segment 9 is 1037 bp and encodes a 312 amino acid protein. the human group c rotavirus genes 6, 7 and 9 showed 78, 67 and 88% sequence ident ... | 1999 | 10567650 |
| human group c rotavirus identified in south africa. | | 1999 | 10582061 |
| outbreak of acute gastroenteritis caused by human group c rotavirus in a primary school. | | 1999 | 10592901 |
| antibody prevalence and specificity to group c rotavirus in swedish sera. | of 160 sera collected from different age groups throughout sweden, 38% were found to be antibody positive for group c rotavirus. the highest antibody prevalence rate was found in individuals aged 11-30 years (45%). an immunoprecipitation assay revealed that the antibodies were directed against vp2, vp4, vp6, vp7, and nsp2, with vp6 being the most immunogenic protein. neutralising antibodies against a cultivable porcine group c rotavirus (strain amc-1/cowden) were detected in 16/19 individuals at ... | 2000 | 10596023 |
| detection of field isolates of human and animal group c rotavirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes. | rotaviruses (rv) are important etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children, as well as the young of a variety of animals worldwide. these viruses belong to reoviridae family and contain a genome of 11 segments of double-stranded rna (dsrna). two major proteins, vp4 and vp7, encoded by genome segments 4 and 7, 8 or 9, respectively, evoke a neutralizing antibody response and form the basis for the current classification of group (gp) a rotavirus into p (vp4) and g (vp ... | 1999 | 10598081 |
| neutralization assay for human group c rotaviruses using a reverse passive hemagglutination test for endpoint determination. | a novel neutralization assay for human group c rotavirus (chrv) was developed by using a reverse passive hemagglutination (rpha) test for endpoint determination. in this assay, the neutralization (n)-rpha test, serial twofold dilutions of sera were mixed with a solution of chrv that yielded an rpha test titer of 8 at 3 days after infection. the mixtures were incubated at 37 degrees c for 1 h and were inoculated onto caco-2 cell monolayers in a 96-well microplate. maintenance medium containing 10 ... | 2000 | 10618062 |
| demonstration of group c rotaviruses in fecal samples of diarrheic dogs in germany. | three out of 9 fecal samples from diarrheic dogs, which were positive for rotavirus by electron microscopy, revealed rna-migration patterns identical to those of porcine group c rotavirus when studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). the results were further confirmed by solid phase immuno electron microscopy (spiem). this is the first report of the occurrence of group c rotaviruses in dogs. | 1999 | 10664399 |
| an outbreak of group c rotavirus gastroenteritis among children attending a day-care centre in belém, brazil. | in august 1993, an outbreak of group c rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis occurred among children attending a day-care centre in belém, brazil. of the 64 children, 21 (33%) became ill. group c rotavirus was identified in faecal specimens from 8 (38%) children with diarrhoea by electron microscopy (em) and an enzyme immunoassay (eia), using antibodies specific to the cowden strain of porcine group c rotavirus. by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page), a pattern similar to that of group c ro ... | 1999 | 10897889 |
| incidence and genetic diversity of group c rotavirus among adults. | fecal samples from a 1-year prospective study were investigated to establish the role of group c rotavirus infections in acute diarrhea in swedish adults (>15 years old). rotaviruses were found in samples from 3% of the patients, and, in 35% of these, group c rotavirus was detected. clinical symptoms of group c rotavirus infection were generally milder than those of group a rotavirus infection. gene 8 (vp7) from 12 group c isolates, including strains from the prospective study, a military outbre ... | 2000 | 10950759 |
| epidemiologic features of rotavirus infection in taiwan: a review. | group a rotaviruses are a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in children under 4 years of age worldwide. group a rotaviruses have been identified in many animal and bird species; they are antigenically complex, and multiple serotypes infect humans. reassortant rotavirus vaccines are now available that confer protection against severe illness due to rotavirus serotypes g1-4. before vaccines are introduced, it is necessary to establish their efficacy and to establish a baseline for future surve ... | 2000 | 10986879 |
| characterization of human group c rotavirus in argentina. | a survey was conducted for identification of human group c rotaviruses in stool specimens taken from children suffering diarrhea in suburban buenos aires regions. among 90 true negative group a samples as defined by elisa, rt-pcr and page, five were positive by group c specific rt-pcr (vp7 and vp6 genes) and three of these samples exhibited the characteristic 4-3-2-2 dsrna pattern of group c rotavirus. these results were further confirmed by electron microscopy and by elisa for detection of grou ... | 2000 | 11002249 |
| rotavirus infection in brazil: epidemiology, immunity, and potential vaccination. | worldwide, it is estimated that rotaviruses cause more than 125 million diarrheal episodes and nearly 1 million deaths per year among infants and young children. in brazil, these agents have been associated with 13%-40% of cases of acute diarrhea affecting pediatric in-patients and outpatients. longitudinal community-based studies involving children followed from birth to the age of three years, yielded an average of 0.3 rotavirus-related episodes of diarrhea per child per year. while seasonalit ... | 1997 | 11105150 |
| seroepidemiology of human group c rotavirus in japan based on a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a novel blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bl-elisa) was developed for detection of antibodies to human group c rotavirus (chrv). the specificity of the bl-elisa was confirmed by using animal sera hyperimmunized to group a and group c rotaviruses and paired sera from five patients with acute chrv gastroenteritis. furthermore, there was concordance between the bl-elisa and a neutralization assay for chrv in 226 (95%) of 238 samples. by using the bl-elisa, we determined the seroprevalence ... | 2001 | 11139211 |
| [predictive factors of etiology (bacterial or viral) in acute gastroenteritis in childhood]. | the aim of the study was to identify immediate clinical and/or laboratory findings able to differentiate bacterial from viral etiology of acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients. we studied 52 children, aged between 5 months and 12 years, consecutively admitted to hospital with acute diarrhoea lasting less than 5 days. all the patients were divided into 4 groups according to etiologic agent, subsequently demonstrated by culture: salmonellae (group a), rotavirus (group b); combined salmonella ... | 2000 | 11387764 |
| group c rotavirus nsp4 induces diarrhea in neonatal mice. | nonstructural glycoprotein nsp4 of group a rotavirus induces diarrhea in neonatal mice by functioning as an enterotoxin. previously, our laboratory reported that the structural features of group a and group c rotavirus nsp4 proteins are well conserved despite a lack of sequence homology between group a and group c rotavirus nsp4 proteins [horie y, et al., arch virol (1997) 142: 1865-1872]. to test whether group c rotavirus nsp4 has an enterotoxigenic activity, we expressed in escherichia coli th ... | 2001 | 11402865 |
| detection of group c rotavirus antigen in bile duct and liver tissues of an infant with extrahepatic biliary atresia. | | 1999 | 11593653 |
| detection of group c rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in blantyre, malawi. | among 606 children who were treated for acute gastroenteritis at the queen elizabeth central hospital in blantyre, malawi, group c rotavirus (gp c rv) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in fecal specimens from 16 (3.9%) of 408 inpatients and in 4 (2.0%) of 198 outpatients. thirteen (65%) children excreting gp c rv were coinfected with group a rotavirus. | 2001 | 11734719 |
| detection of human group c rotaviruses in nigeria and sequence analysis of their genes encoding vp4, vp6, and vp7 proteins. | in a survey on the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children in nigeria, group c human rotaviruses were detected in two of 112 rotavirus positive stool specimens collected between 1999 and 2000. the vp7, vp6, and vp4 genes of the two nigerian human group c rotavirus strains (jajeri and moduganari) were sequenced in this study. comparative sequence analysis with other published human group c rotaviruses showed that the genes encoding the three structural proteins were remark ... | 2002 | 11782939 |
| identification of a neutralizing epitope on an 82-kda protein encoded by gene 3 of group c rotavirus. | a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (1a5) with hemagglutination inhibition activity was produced against a cultivable porcine group c rotavirus strain (strain amc-1) and used to identify and map the functional topography of the protein involved in viral neutralization. the 1a5 mab recognized an 82-kda protein from infected cells as well as an equivalent in vitro-translated protein programmed with gene 3 of the amc-1 strain. by employing a method called dna amplification-restricted transcription-t ... | 1995 | 11831719 |
| human group c rotavirus: completion of the genome sequence and gene coding assignments of a non-cultivatable rotavirus. | genome segments 1 and 2 of human group c rotavirus 'bristol' strain were sequenced and their gene-protein coding properties assigned. this work completed the genome sequence of a human group c rotavirus (17,910 bp) and allowed the full gene-protein coding assignment of the 11 segments of dsrna. gene 1 is 3309 bp in size and contains a single orf of 3272 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 1090 amino acids in length with a predicted molecular mass of 125 kda. comparison of the translated sequence ... | 2002 | 11864750 |
| incidence and prevalence of human group c rotavirus infections in argentina. | the incidence of human group c rotavirus infections among children and adults in buenos aires was evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) based on recombinant group c vp6 protein (cowden strain). a total of 976 stool samples taken from patients (ages 6 months to 15 years) with acute diarrhea were tested for the presence of group c rotavirus. among these, only 10 (1.02%) were group c rotavirus positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) confirmed by absorption with group ... | 2002 | 11920824 |
| production of hybrid double- or triple-layered virus-like particles of group a and c rotaviruses using a baculovirus expression system. | dual infections by group a and group c rotaviruses have been reported, but no reassortants between group a and group c rotaviruses have been described. the vp6 major inner capsid protein of group a and c rotaviruses shares common antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies and also shares 40-43% amino acid identity. coinfection of spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells with different combinations of the recombinant baculoviruses encoding either group a [rf vp2 (a-vp2), ind vp6 (a-vp6), and vp7 ... | 2002 | 12429511 |
| first detection of group c rotavirus in children with acute diarrhea in spain. | group c rotavirus causes sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute diarrhea in children and adults in many countries, but has never been detected among children in spain. in a recently conducted surveillance study to screen fecal specimens for bacteria and viruses from a cohort of 822 young children who were treated for acute diarrhea in madrid, no pathogens were detected in fecal specimens from 238 (29%) children. in this study, we examined 147 of those specimens for group c rotavirus by eia and pc ... | 2003 | 12557002 |
| [outbreak of acute gastroenteritis caused by human group c rotavirus in a youth educational center in okayama prefecture]. | in may 2000, an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis caused by human group c rotavirus (chrv) occurred in a youth educational center located in the southern area of okayama prefecture. a total of 172 schoolchildren and teachers, who consisted of 51 persons belonging to f school and 121 persons belonging to k school, joined in an educational program at the center from may 24 to 26. eighty-seven individuals (50.6%) of them showed clinical symptoms of gastroenteritis from may 24 to 30, and the outbrea ... | 2003 | 12661079 |
| [molecular epidemiologic survey of rotaviruses from infants and children with diarrhea in shanghai]. | to investigate molecular epidemiologic features of rotaviruses circulating in shanghai, china. | 2004 | 14990097 |
| incidence of group c human rotavirus in central australia and sequence variation of the vp7 and vp4 genes. | human group c rotavirus was identified in central australia in each of eight years over a 16-year period between 1982 and 1997. cases occurred either sporadically but over a relatively short period of time or as clustered outbreaks. these are the only reports of human group c rotavirus in australia other than that of a single case reported approximately 1,800 km away in 1982. the electrophoretic genome profiles of isolates were identical for all those identified within the same year but differen ... | 2004 | 15131180 |
| virus diversity and an outbreak of group c rotavirus among infants and children with diarrhea in maizuru city, japan during 2002-2003. | a total of 236 fecal specimens collected from infants and children with gastroenteritis in maizuru city, japan from july 2002 to june 2003, were tested for the presence of rotaviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses, astroviruses, and adenoviruses by rt-pcr, page, rpha, and latex agglutination methods. among diarrheal viruses detected, group a rotavirus was the most prevalent (32.2%; 76 of 236) followed by norovirus gii (21.2%; 50 of 236), group c rotavirus (10.2%; 24 of 236), adenovirus (3.8%; 9 of 2 ... | 2004 | 15258985 |
| detection of a bovine group c rotavirus from adult cows with diarrhea and reduced milk production. | only two strains (shintoku and porcine-like wd534tc) of group c rotavirus (gcr) from cattle have been reported to date. a gcr designated the yamagata strain was the only pathogen detected in an outbreak of adult cow diarrhea accompanied by a decrease in milk production. the nucleotide sequences of the vp6 and vp7 genes from strain yamagata were determined. comparative sequence analysis showed that the sequence identities between strains yamagata and shintoku were markedly high in both vp6 gene ( ... | 2004 | 15297766 |
| seroepidemiology of group c rotavirus infection in england and wales. | a total of 3199 serum samples collected in 1993--1994 from two population cohorts from england and wales were tested for the prevalence of igg antibodies specifically directed against group c rotavirus vp6. seroprevalence was 39% (95% confidence intervals: 37.0-40.4%). seroprevalence was highest (46.0%) in the oldest age group (61-70 years of age). infection with group c rotaviruses occurred at an earlier age and with higher incidence in rural than in urban populations. these results may suggest ... | 2004 | 15330133 |
| etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis among japanese infants and children: virus diversity and genetic analysis of sapovirus. | a total of 371 fecal specimens from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in maizuru, tokyo and osaka, japan from july 2002 to june 2003 were tested for the presence of diarrheal viruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), reverse passive hemagglutination (prha), rna-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page), latex agglutination and sequence analysis methods. among diarrheal viruses detected, group a rotavirus was the most prevalent (42.2%) followed by noroviru ... | 2005 | 15789264 |
| viral diarrhea in japanese children: results from a one-year epidemiologic study. | a total of 557 fecal specimens from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in five places (maizuru, tokyo, sapporo, saga and osaka) in japan from july 2002 to june 2003 were tested for the presence of diarrheal viruses by rt-pcr, prha, rna-page and latex agglutination methods. of these, 56.4% (314) were found positive for diarrheal viruses. among them, group a rotavirus was the most prevalent (43.6%, 137 of 314) followed by norovirus (29.9%, 94 of 314), adenovirus (7.6%, 24 of 314), gro ... | 2005 | 15819174 |
| detection of an atypical (possibly group c) rotavirus in new zealand pigs. | | 1987 | 16031396 |
| epidemiology of typical and atypical rotavirus infections in new zealand pigs. | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were employed to investigate the epidemiology of typical and atypical rotavirus infections in five piggeries. of 152 faecal samples examined, 46 (30 per cent) were positive by elisa for group a rotavirus. rotaviruses with electrophoretic patterns resembling groups a, b and c were detected. at least two and up to five different rotavirus electrophoretypes (typical and/or atypical) were detected in each of the ... | 1989 | 16031535 |
| molecular characterization of the major capsid protein vp6 of bovine group b rotavirus and its use in seroepidemiology. | the major inner capsid protein (vp6) gene of the bovine group b rotavirus (gbr) nemuro strain is 1269 nt in length and contains one open reading frame encoding 391 aa. nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities of the nemuro vp6 gene compared with the published corresponding human and rodent gbr genes were respectively 66-67 and 70-72 %, which are notably lower than those between human and rodent viruses (72-73 and 83-84 %, respectively). overall identities of vp6 genes among gbrs were substa ... | 2005 | 16099916 |
| an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis caused by human group c rotavirus in a welfare institution in okayama prefecture. | | 2005 | 16116266 |
| development of a novel protocol for rt-multiplex pcr to detect diarrheal viruses among infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in eastern russia. | viral gastroenteritis is one of the most common illnesses in humans worldwide and it has a great impact on people. recently, we reported three rt-multiplex pcr assays termed a, b and c that could detect three groups of diarrheal viruses; group a, b and c rotaviruses and adenovirus [phan et al., j med virol 2004; 74:173-9]; norovirus gi and gii, sapovirus and astrovirus [yan et al., j virol meth 2003; 114:37-44]; enteroviruses, hepatitis a and e viruses and influenza a virus [phan et al., arch vi ... | 2005 | 16122155 |
| detection and characterization of human group c rotaviruses in bangladesh. | group c rotaviruses were detected by reverse transcription-pcr in 14 (2.3%) of 611 group a rotavirus-negative stool specimens from the patients admitted to the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh hospital, dhaka, bangladesh, during july to december 2003. the low rate of detection suggested that infection with group c rotaviruses was an uncommon cause of hospitalization due to gastroenteritis. in addition, coinfections with pathogenic enteric bacteria were frequently ... | 2005 | 16145092 |
| human group c rotaviruses identified in kenya. | rotavirus is associated with acute infantile gastro-enteritis in infants and young children worldwide. rotavirus is associated with the high cases of morbidity and mortality and it is estimated that up to 650,000 deaths in young children occur annually in the less developed countries. approximately a quarter of these deaths occur in african children yet minimal data exist on the circulating rotavirus strains in africa. | 2003 | 16167719 |
| group c rotavirus in a pediatric kidney transplant patient with diarrhea. | | 2006 | 16774844 |
| viral gastroenteritis and genetic characterization of recombinant norovirus circulating in eastern russia. | from november 2003 to march 2004 a total of 100 fecal specimens from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in the city of birobidzhan, eastern russia were tested for the presence of diarrheal viruses by rt-multiplex pcr. of these, 74 fecal specimens were positive for diarrheal viruses and this represented 74%. among the diarrheal viruses detected, group a rotavirus was the most prevalent (67%; 67 of 100), followed by norovirus (4%; 4 of 100), group c rotavirus (1%, 1 of 100), sapovirus ... | 2006 | 16812951 |
| first detection of group c rotavirus in patients with gastroenteritis in slovenia. | group c rotaviruses are associated with sporadic gastroenteritis and outbreaks of diarrhea in children and adults worldwide. three cases with group c rotavirus infection are described, and the molecular characterization of the gene for the major capsid protein vp6 is reported. patients described in this report were 10 years old or more and had mild to moderate clinical symptoms. a high nucleotide (>98%) and amino acid (100%) identity was observed among all three isolated slovenian group c rotavi ... | 2006 | 16847955 |
| structure-function analysis of rotavirus nsp2 octamer by using a novel complementation system. | viral inclusion bodies, or viroplasms, that form in rotavirus-infected cells direct replication and packaging of the segmented double-stranded rna (dsrna) genome. nsp2, one of two rotavirus proteins needed for viroplasm assembly, possesses ntpase, rna-binding, and helix-unwinding activities. nsp2 of the rotavirus group causing endemic infantile diarrhea (group a) was shown to self-assemble into large doughnut-shaped octamers with circumferential grooves and deep clefts containing nucleotide-bind ... | 2006 | 16873255 |
| real-time reverse transcription-pcr for detection of rotavirus and adenovirus as causative agents of acute viral gastroenteritis in children. | viral pathogens are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in developed countries. human rotavirus and adenovirus infections are major causes of acute outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis, occurring primarily among children less than 2 years of age. patient hospitalization is often required, with enormous infection control implications. this work describes the development of real-time pcr assays for the detection of group f adenovirus, rotavirus a, and rotavirus c from stool specime ... | 2006 | 16954246 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of human group c rotaviruses in hungary. | group c rotaviruses are recognized enteric pathogens of humans and animals. human group c rotaviruses have been associated with sporadic episodes and large outbreaks of gastroenteritis in children and adults but their epidemiology and ecology are still unexplored. | 2006 | 16996791 |
| an outbreak of group c rotavirus infection in an elementary school in shimane prefecture, japan, february 2006. | | 2006 | 17060710 |
| detection and characterization of human group c rotavirus in the pediatric population of barcelona, spain. | the role of group c rotavirus as a cause of childhood diarrhea is not well defined. | 2007 | 17070729 |
| virus diversity of acute diarrhea in tropical highlands. | infectious acute diarrhea (iad) is an important health problem affecting a large number of latin-american children. several reports show that bacteria, parasites and virus are involved in the burden of this disease. most reports reveal rotavirus a as the responsible etiological agent, at the same time, there seems to be some correlation between iad and seasonal weather changes. to learn about the type of microbial agents associated with iad in children during mildly changing yearly climatic cond ... | 2006 | 17357570 |
| diversity of viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with diarrhea in ho chi minh city, vietnam. | a molecular epidemiological study on common diarrheal viruses was conducted in ho chi minh city, vietnam between october 2002 and september 2003. fecal samples were collected from 1,010 hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis. those samples were screened for groups a, b, and c rotavirus, adenovirus, genogroups i and ii norovirus (nov), sapovirus (sav), and human astrovirus (hastv) by rt-multiplex pcr, and the positive specimens were characterized further by elisa, nested pcr, or sequenc ... | 2007 | 17385670 |
| prevalence of group c rotaviruses in weaning and post-weaning pigs with enteritis. | diarrheic fecal specimens collected from porcine herds were screened for the presence of group c rotaviruses using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay. a total of 188 samples were tested and 54 were positive. when compiled these data with diagnostic results on group a rotaviruses and enteric caliciviruses we found that all but 5 group c rotavirus positive samples contained at least one additional virus. a subset of samples were subjected to nucleotide sequencing. the ... | 2007 | 17416471 |
| human group c rotaviruses identified in nigerian children. | a survey investigating the prevalence of rotavirus infection in infants and young children with acute diarrhoea was undertaken in jos state, nigeria during the first half of 1998. in total, 182 faecal specimens were collected from children aged between 1 and 60 months with acute infantile gastroenteritis. examination with a commercial elisa assay for the presence of group a rotavirus antigen revealed 16 specimens positive for this antigen. however, examination of the double stranded rna of the v ... | 1998 | 17581014 |
| detection and molecular characterization of human group c rotaviruses in okayama prefecture, japan, between 1986 and 2005. | a survey of human group c rotaviruses (chrvs) was conducted in okayama prefecture, japan, over a period of 19 years between 1986 and 2005. the presence of chrvs was screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using chrv-specific monoclonal antibodies and confirmed by reverse transcription-pcr. of the 3,722 fecal specimens from sporadic cases of gastroenteritis, 44 specimens (1.2%) were positive for chrv. the chrv isolates were detected periodically but continuously, and the rates of positivity ... | 2007 | 17596825 |
| genetic heterogeneity in the vp7 of group c rotaviruses. | evidence for a possible zoonotic role of group c rotaviruses (gcrvs) has been recently provided. to gain information on the genetic relationships between human and animal gcrvs, we sequenced the vp7 gene of 10 porcine strains detected during a large surveillance study from different outbreaks of gastroenteritis in piglets. four gcrv strains were genetically related to the prototype gcrv porcine cowden strain. a completely new vp7 genotype included 4 strains (344/04-7-like) that shared 92.5% to 9 ... | 2007 | 17614111 |
| prevalence of group c rotavirus among children in rhode island, united states. | group c rotavirus causes sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute diarrhea in humans but its burden as a cause of severe gastroenteritis in children remains unclear. | 2008 | 18374629 |
| detection and quantification of group c rotaviruses in communal sewage. | group c rotaviruses have been recognized as a cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans, cattle, and swine, although the true epidemiologic and clinical importance of this virus in these hosts has not yet been fully established. a real-time pcr assay based on a broadly reactive primer pair was developed and used to quantitatively determine the viral load of group c rotaviruses in environmental samples. a total of 35 raw and 35 treated sewage samples collected at the same sampling time in four hun ... | 2008 | 18390677 |
| detection and characterization of group c rotaviruses in asymptomatic piglets in ireland. | group c rotaviruses are important human enteric pathogens that have also been detected in a variety of mammalian species, including pigs. group c rotaviruses have been identified in piglets with diarrhea, but their ecology remains to be elucidated. by screening of 292 fecal samples collected from 4- to 5-week-old asymptomatic pigs from four herds in ireland between 2005 and 2007, 13 (4.4%) samples tested positive by reverse transcription-pcr for group c rotavirus. group a rotaviruses were also d ... | 2008 | 18632912 |
| evidence for zoonotic transmission of group c rotaviruses among children in belém, brazil. | the prevalence and potential zoonotic transmission of group c rotavirus (rvc) were examined by testing fecal samples collected from children during a longitudinal study that was carried out in the outskirts of belém, brazil, from december 1982 to march 1986. the study involved a group of 30 children who were followed from birth to 3 years. of the 77 samples tested from 29 children, 5 (6.5%) were positive for human and 3 (4%) for porcine rvc by using nested pcr assay with primers specific for vp6 ... | 2008 | 18649333 |
| genetic characterization of group c rotavirus isolated from a child hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in chiang mai, thailand. | during an epidemiological survey of human rotavirus infection in chiang mai, thailand, from 2002 to 2004, in which 263 stool specimens tested, one isolate of group c rotavirus was detected from a two-year-old child admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis. the human group c rotavirus, named cmh004/03, was characterized further by molecular analyses of its vp4, vp6, and vp7 gene segments as well as determination of rna pattern by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). molecular charact ... | 2008 | 18696224 |
| molecular characterization of group c rotaviruses detected in children in italy. | group c rotavirus (gcrv) infection has been described worldwide in children and adults either as sporadic cases or large outbreaks of gastroenteritis but gcrv epidemiology is still unclear. | 2009 | 19059000 |
| viral agents associated with acute gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with diarrhea in lanzhou, china. | gastroenteritis is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. rotavirus, human caliciviruses (hucv), adenovirus, and astrovirus are recognized as common etiologies of acute gastroenteritis. | 2009 | 19201258 |
| expression and characterization of human group c rotavirus virus-like particles in insect cells. | group c rotavirus (gpc rv) is a causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in children and adults. we expressed the three major capsid proteins vp2, vp6 and vp7 of human gpc rv in baculovirus and demonstrated the self-assembly of vp2/6/7 or vp6/7 virus-like particles (vlps) in insect cells. we examined a number of parameters, including the kinetics of protein synthesis in different cell lines and media, to optimize the most favorable conditions for the synthesis of recombinant viral proteins and t ... | 2009 | 19285329 |
| detection and molecular characterization of porcine group c rotaviruses in south korea. | group c rotaviruses (gcrvs) cause acute diarrhea in humans and animals worldwide and the evidence for a possible zoonotic role of gcrvs has been recently provided. however, there is little evidence of porcine gcrv infections or of their genetic diversity in south korea. we examined 137 diarrheic fecal specimens from 55 farms collected from six provinces. rt-pcr utilizing primer pairs specific for the gcrv vp6 gene detected gcrv-positive reactions in 36 (26.2%) diarrheic fecal samples. of these, ... | 2009 | 19362434 |
| detection and characterization of group c rotavirus in buenos aires, argentina, 1997-2003. | the role of group c rotaviruses as a cause of diarrhea was examined among children <17 years of age admitted to a hospital in a suburban area of buenos aires, argentina between 1997 and 2003. a total of 1,579 fecal samples were screened for group a (rva) and c (rvc) rotaviruses by two in-house elisa methods at quilmes university (unq-elisa). samples positive, doubtful and negative by rvc specific unq-elisa (n = 246) were examined further for rvc by another in-house elisa (cdc-elisa), electron mi ... | 2009 | 19382268 |
| detection of group c rotavirus in juvenile ferrets (mustela putorius furo) with diarrhea by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction: sequencing and analysis of the complete coding region of the vp6 gene. | nine juvenile ferrets (mustela putorius furo) with a history of diarrhea were severely dehydrated and had distended abdomens and thin-walled small intestines that contained gas and fluid. histologically, small intestines exhibited acute superficial atrophic enteritis. transmission electron microscopy of the small intestine showed rotavirus-like particles within apical vacuoles. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was negative for group a rotavirus. a group c rotavirus-specif ... | 2009 | 19429992 |
| [use of the recombinant baculovirus bacvp6c for the construction of an internal positive control of rotavirus c.] | aims: unlike group a, a few studies have interested other groups of the rotavirus, especially in tunisia. the role of rotavirus c (rvc) infection is underestimated because of its sporadic nature. the aim of our study was to develop rapid diagnostic procedures of rvc by using an internal positive control of reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr). methods: the internal positive control (386pb) was designed from the recombinant baculovirus bacvp6c containing the full length cdna of the cowden strain ge ... | 2009 | 19473784 |
| anti-vp6 igg antibodies against group a and group c rotaviruses in south india. | in an epidemiological survey from south india, 936 serum samples were tested for igg against recombinant baculovirus-expressed vp6 proteins from human group a and group c rotaviruses. the overall seroprevalence for group a was 100% and for group c was 25.32% (95% ci 22.64-28.21). the lowest seroprevalence for group c was in children aged <10 years (16.79%). an age-related rise in seroprevalence in group c, but not group a, suggests different patterns of exposure. seroprevalence was similar in ru ... | 2010 | 19723364 |
| group c rotavirus, detection in southeastern brazil after 15 years. | | 2009 | 19766533 |
| molecular characterization of a human group c rotavirus detected first in turkey. | the present study was done to find out the prevalence of group b and c rotavirus infections in children with diarrhea presented at two major hospitals in ankara, turkey. group b rotavirus was not found in any samples. one of 122 samples was positive for group c rotavirus. phylogenetic analysis of genes for nonstructural protein nsp4, and structural proteins vp4, vp6, and vp7 confirmed the human origin of this strain. similar to other human group c rotaviruses, one n-glycosylation site was predic ... | 2009 | 19916043 |
| development of one-step real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays for rapid detection of porcine group c rotaviruses. | although the widespread occurrence of porcine group c rotaviruses (gcrv) is assumed, precise prevalence remains largely unknown because of the absence of reliable, specific, and rapid diagnostic methods. to detect and quantify porcine gcrv, the authors evaluated and optimized sybr green and taqman real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays and applied them to 108 piglet fecal samples. using serially diluted standard rna transcripts of porcine gcrv vp6 gene, both sy ... | 2010 | 20093687 |
| vp6 gene diversity in brazilian strains of porcine group c rotavirus. | group c rotavirus (rv-c) has been found in brazilian pig herds; however, wild-type strains have not yet been characterized. we made a molecular analysis of a region of gene 5 in brazilian rv-c strains. stool samples from 11 piglets (diarrheic and with normal consistency) positive for the rv-c vp6 gene in an rt-pcr assay were sequenced. a 270-bp amplicon of nine sequences was analyzed. all sequences showed high identity to the cowden strain of the porcine rv-c prototype and 81.3 to 94.3% to each ... | 2010 | 20391334 |
| first detection of group c rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in south korea. | group c rotavirus (gpc rv) causes sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute diarrhoea in humans worldwide, but has not been detected among children in south korea. the present study aimed to detect gpc rv among children hospitalized with gastroenteritis in south korea and to perform a molecular characterization of gpc rv strains. from november 2003 to january 2006, 434 faecal samples were collected from children <10 years of age who were hospitalized for treatment of acute diarrhoea and screened for ... | 2011 | 20491826 |
| whole-genome characterization of human group c rotaviruses: identification of two lineages in the vp3 gene. | group c rotavirus (gcrv) is distributed worldwide as an enteric pathogen in humans and animals. however, to date, whole-genome sequences are available only for a human strain (bristol) and a porcine strain (cowden). to investigate the genetic diversity of human gcrvs, nearly full-length sequences of all 11 rna segments were determined for human gcrvs detected recently in india (v508), bangladesh (bs347), china (wu82 and ynr001) and japan (oh567 and bk0830) and analysed phylogenetically with sequ ... | 2010 | 21048036 |
| genetically diverse group c rotaviruses cause sporadic infection in korean calves. | this study examined the prevalence and genetic diversity of the bovine group c rotaviruses (gcrvs) in a total of 127 diarrhea fecal samples of calves from 52 korean native beef calf herds using rt-pcr and nested pcr. overall, seven of the 127 fecal samples (5.5%) from seven of the 52 herds (13.5%) tested positive for bovine gcrvs only by nested pcr. sequence and phylogenetic analyses of a partial vp6 gene showed that korean bovine gcrvs had marked genetic diversity; two korean strains belonged t ... | 2010 | 21099189 |
| detection and molecular characterization of human group c rotavirus in brazil. | objective: the aim of the present study was to characterize 24 isolates of group c rotavirus (rv-c) by analysis of dna sequences of the vp4, vp6, vp7 and nsp4 genes of several brazilian states. methods: all rv-c strains were confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were characterized by sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the genes encoding nsp4, vp6, vp4, and vp7 proteins. results: analysis of the nsp4 gene from brazilian strains revealed that the isolates are more closely related ... | 2011 | 21228541 |
| a single-tube multiplex pcr for rapid detection in feces of 10 viruses causing diarrhea. | a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to identify 10 viruses in a single tube. the assay was targeted to detect group a and c rotaviruses, adenovirus, norovirus gi, norovirus gii, sapovirus, astrovirus, aichi virus, parechovirus, and enterovirus. a total of 235 stool samples were collected from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in kyoto, japan, from 2008 to 2009, then tested by this novel multiplex pcr and compared with a multiplex pcr described previously ... | 2011 | 21349292 |
| monitoring of group c rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in brazil: an emergent epidemiological issue after rotavirus vaccine? | group c rotavirus (gpcrv) has a worldwide distribution; however, its epidemiology and ecology are still unclear. evidence for a possible zoonotic role has been postulated recently for brazilian children strains. the aim of this study was to monitor gpcrv in children ôëñ15 years with acute gastroenteritis during the 2007-2010 national brazilian rotavirus surveillance, and to undertake the molecular characterization of the major vp6 capsid protein. a total of 3,019 fecal samples were first screene ... | 2011 | 21739455 |
| molecular characterization of two strains of porcine group c rotavirus. | group c rotaviruses are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and animals. fecal samples were collected from a porcine herd in july, 2009. group c rotavirus rna was detected using rt-pcr for the vp6 gene. the identified strain was further characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the partial vp4, and complete vp6 and vp7 gene sequences. the partial vp4 and complete vp6 gene sequences of the cuk-5 strain were most closely related to those of the cuk-6 strain of grou ... | 2011 | 22203575 |
| development and application of one-step multiplex reverse transcription pcr for simultaneous detection of five diarrheal viruses in adult cattle. | a one-step multiplex reverse transcription (rt)-pcr method was developed for the simultaneous detection of five viruses causing diarrhea in adult cattle: bovine group a rotavirus (gar), bovine group b rotavirus (gbr), bovine group c rotavirus (gcr), bovine coronavirus (bcv), and bovine torovirus (btov). the detection limit of the one-step multiplex rt-pcr for gar, gcr, bcv, and btov was 10(2), 10(0), 10(1), and 10(2) tcid(50)/ml, respectively, and that for gbr was 10(6) copies/ml. the one-step m ... | 2012 | 22407445 |
| whole-genome analysis of two bovine rotavirus c strains: shintoku and toyama. | rotavirus c (rvc) has been detected frequently in epidemic cases and/or outbreaks of diarrhoea in humans and animals worldwide. because it is difficult to cultivate rvcs serially in cell culture, the sequence data available for rvcs are limited, despite their potential economical and epidemiological impact. although whole-genome sequences of one porcine rvc and seven human rvc strains have been analysed, this has not yet been done for a bovine rvc strain. in the present study, we first determine ... | 2013 | 23052397 |
| canine rotavirus c strain detected in hungary shows marked genotype diversity. | species c rotaviruses (rvc) have been identified in humans and animals, including pigs, cows and ferrets. in dogs, rvc strains have been reported anecdotally on the basis of visualization of rotavirus-like virions by electron microscopy combined with specific electrophoretic migration patterns of the genomic rna segments. however, no further molecular characterization of these viruses was performed. here, we report the detection of a canine rvc in the stool of a dog with enteritis. analysis of t ... | 2015 | 26297005 |
| presence and characterization of pig group a and c rotaviruses in feces of belgian diarrheic suckling piglets. | the importance of group a and c rotaviruses (rva and rvc) in the pathogenesis of diarrhea in belgian suckling pigs is poorly investigated, and it is not known which strains are circulating in the belgian suckling pig population. obtaining better insights in the occurrence of both viral species in the swine population is essential in order to develop accurate diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic strategies to protect suckling pigs against diarrhea in a durable manner. in the present study, vi ... | 2016 | 26677793 |
| diversity of vp7, vp4, vp6, nsp2, nsp4, and nsp5 genes of porcine rotavirus c: phylogenetic analysis and description of potential new vp7, vp4, vp6, and nsp4 genotypes. | rotavirus c (rvc) is a cause of gastroenteritis in swine and has a worldwide distribution. a total of 448 intestinal or faecal samples from pigs of all ages were tested for viruses causing gastroenteritis. rvc was detected in 118 samples (26.3%). to gain information on virus diversity, the complete coding nucleotide sequences of the vp7, vp4, vp6, nsp2, nsp4, and nsp5 genes of seven rvc strains were determined. phylogenetic analysis of vp7 nucleotide sequence divided studied czech strains into s ... | 2015 | 25951969 |
| simultaneous identification of dna and rna viruses present in pig faeces using process-controlled deep sequencing. | animal faeces comprise a community of many different microorganisms including bacteria and viruses. only scarce information is available about the diversity of viruses present in the faeces of pigs. here we describe a protocol, which was optimized for the purification of the total fraction of viral particles from pig faeces. the genomes of the purified dna and rna viruses were simultaneously amplified by pcr and subjected to deep sequencing followed by bioinformatic analyses. the efficiency of t ... | 2012 | 22514648 |
| etiological study of enteric viruses and the genetic diversity of norovirus, sapovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus in children with diarrhea in chongqing, china. | enteric viruses are a major cause of diarrhea in children, especially those <5 years old. identifying the viral agents is critical to the development of effective preventive measures. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of common enteric viruses in children <5 years old presented with diarrhea to the children's hospital of chongqing medical university. | 2013 | 24004442 |
| molecular investigations on the prevalence and viral load of enteric viruses in pigs from five european countries. | enteric viral infections in pigs may cause diarrhea resulting in ill-thrift and substantial economic losses. this study reports the enteric infections with porcine astrovirus type 4 (pastv4), porcine group a rotavirus (garv), porcine group c rotavirus (gcrv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine kobuvirus (pkov) in 419 pigs, comprising both healthy and diarrheic animals, from 49 farms in five european countries (austria, germany, hungary, spain and sweden). real-time rt-pcr assays were d ... | 2016 | 26711031 |
| occurrence and sequence analysis of porcine deltacoronaviruses in southern china. | following the initial isolation of porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) from pigs with diarrheal disease in the united states in 2014, the virus has been detected on swine farms in some provinces of china. to date, little is known about the molecular epidemiology of pdcov in southern china where major swine production is operated. | 2016 | 27496131 |
| whole genome sequences of japanese porcine species c rotaviruses reveal a high diversity of genotypes of individual genes and will contribute to a comprehensive, generally accepted classification system. | porcine rotavirus c (rvc) is distributed throughout the world and is thought to be a pathogenic agent of diarrhea in piglets. although, the vp7, vp4, and vp6 gene sequences of japanese porcine rvcs are currently available, there is no whole-genome sequence data of japanese rvc. furthermore, only one to three sequences are available for porcine rvc vp1-vp3 and nsp1-nsp3 genes. therefore, we determined nearly full-length whole-genome sequences of nine japanese porcine rvcs from seven piglets with ... | 2016 | 27353186 |
| characterization of a genetically heterogeneous porcine rotavirus c, and other viruses present in the fecal virome of a non-diarrheic belgian piglet. | next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies are becoming increasingly accessible, leading to an expanded interest in the composition of the porcine enteric virome. in the present study, the fecal virome of a non-diarrheic belgian piglet was determined. although the virome of only a single piglet was analyzed, some interesting data were obtained, including the second complete genome of a pig group c rotavirus (rvc). this belgian strain was only distantly related to the only other completely cha ... | 2016 | 27184192 |
| genetic heterogeneity of the vp6 gene and predominance of g6p[5] genotypes of brazilian porcine rotavirus c field strains. | the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of the vp6, vp7, and vp4 genes of 15 brazilian wild-type porcine rvc strains identified in diarrheic fecal samples. the vp6 gene analysis demonstrated heterogeneity between the 15 rvc strains, which clustered in three distinct genotypes (i1, i5, and i6). in the vp7 and vp4 gene analysis, the genotype combination g6p[4] was detected in only one strain (uel-77), while g6p[5] was the most commonly (n = 14) detected in rvc strains identi ... | 2016 | 26758732 |
| analysis of genetic divergence among strains of porcine rotavirus c, with focus on vp4 and vp7 genotypes in japan. | porcine rotavirus c (rvc) has been often detected in sporadic cases or outbreaks of diarrhoea in suckling and weaned pigs. surveillance studies of rvcs have demonstrated high prevalence in the united states, and japan, and some other countries. to date, the zoonotic impact and pathogenicity of rvcs are not well understood, and only a few complete sequences of rvcs are available. the aim of this study was to perform sequence and phylogenetic analyses for the vp4 and vp7 genes of the 22 porcine rv ... | 2015 | 25499298 |
| rapid detection and high occurrence of porcine rotavirus a, b, and c by rt-qpcr in diagnostic samples. | rotaviruses are important cause of diarrhea in animals, including humans. currently, rotavirus species a, b, c, e, and h (rva-rvc, rve, and rvh) have been identified in pigs. traditionally, rva has been considered the primary cause of diarrhea in pigs, and rvb and rvc had been described sporadically in pigs until recently. qualitative porcine rva, rvb, and rvc rt-pcr (rt-qpcr) assays were designed and 7508 porcine diarrheic samples, submitted to university of minnesota, were tested to estimate t ... | 2014 | 25194889 |
| phylogenetic characterization of vp6 gene (inner capsid) of porcine rotavirus c collected in japan. | porcine rotavirus c (rvc) has been often detected in sporadic cases or outbreaks of diarrhea in suckling and weaned pigs. previous surveillance studies using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in some countries including japan and the united states have demonstrated a high prevalence of porcine rvcs. in order to understand the phylogenetic relatedness of rvcs, we performed genetic analysis of vp6 gene encoding inner capsid protein by using ... | 2014 | 24929122 |
| prevalence study and phylogenetic analysis of group c porcine rotavirus in the czech republic revealed a high level of vp6 gene heterogeneity within porcine cluster i1. | group c rotavirus (rvc) has been described to be a causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans and animals. in the current study, the presence of porcine rvc was confirmed in 25.6 % of 293 porcine faecal samples collected from seven czech farms. a significantly larger (p < 0.05) number of rvc-positive samples was detected in groups of finisher pigs and post-weaning piglets (4-12 weeks of age). phylogenetic analysis of nine rvc-positive czech strains and their comparison with available sequence ... | 2014 | 24212886 |
| modeling of the rotavirus group c capsid predicts a surface topology distinct from other rotavirus species. | rotavirus c (rvc) causes sporadic gastroenteritis in adults and is an established enteric pathogen of swine. because rvc strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived rvc triple-layered-particle (tlp) structures, we used the known rotavirus a (rva) capsid structure to model the human rvc (bristol) capsid. comparative analysis of rva and rvc capsid proteins showed major differences at the vp7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its an ... | 2016 | 26524514 |
| prevalence of rotaviruses groups a and c in egyptian children and aquatic environment. | the objective of this study is to compare the prevalence of rotaviruses groups a and c in egyptian children and aquatic environment. from 110 stool specimens of children with acute diarrhea and using rt-pcr, 35 samples (31.8 %) were positive for human rotavirus group a and 15 samples (13.6 %) were positive for human rotavirus group c. from 96 samples collected from zenin wastewater treatment plant over a 2-year period (november 2009-october 2011) and using rt-pcr, rotavirus group a was detected ... | 2015 | 25665825 |
| epidemiological and genetic analysis of human group c rotaviruses isolated from outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in yokohama, japan, between 2006 and 2012. | group c rotavirus (gcrv) infection has been described in several parts of the world, predominantly as sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis. little is known about the yearly changes in the gcrv strains from diarrheal outbreaks. stool samples collected from outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in yokohama, japan, between 2006 and 2012 that were negative for norovirus, sapovirus, and group a rotavirus, were screened for gcrv using a reverse passive hemagglutination method. the gcrv strains were ch ... | 2014 | 24154950 |
| rotavirus in adults, brazil, 2004-2011: g2p[4] dominance and potential impact on vaccination. | the aim of this study was to monitor rotavirus (rv) infections in adults >18 years with acute gastroenteritis during 2004-2011 national brazilian rv surveillance. in addition, to characterize the rv group a (rva) strains in order to gain insight into the supposed vaccine selective pressure imposed to brazilian children population. | 2014 | 24076114 |
| analysis of rotavirus species diversity and evolution including the newly determined full-length genome sequences of rotavirus f and g. | rotaviruses are a leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis in humans and animals. eight different rotavirus species (a-h) have been defined based on antigenicity and nucleotide sequence identities of the vp6 gene. here, the first complete genome sequences of rotavirus f (strain 03v0568) and g (strain 03v0567) with lengths of 18,341 and 18,186bp, respectively, are described. both viruses have open reading frames for rotavirus proteins vp1 to vp7 and nsp1 to nsp5 located at the 11 genome segme ... | 2013 | 23237956 |