| dacin, one metalloproteinase from deinagkistrodon acutus venom inhibiting contraction of mouse ileum muscle. | mice were bitten by five-pace vipers (deinagkistrodon acutus), and then envenomed. it was well-known that the snake venom mainly disturbed the blood homeostasis of the envenomed victims. ocassionally, we found that the venom of d. acutus could inhibit the contraction tension of mouse ileum, so in this study we aimed to identify the active component inhibiting the contraction tension of mouse ileum in the snake venom. | 2017 | 28701157 |
| [effect of agkistrodon acutus venom pca on huvec activity]. | to investigate the effects of agkistrodon acutus venom protein c activator(pca) on ultrastructure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(huvec), and the levels of tissue factor(tf), vascular von willebrand factor (vwf) and endothelin-1 secreted by huvec and to clarify the anti-thrombotic mechanism of pca. | 2017 | 28446313 |
| deinagkistrodon acutusenvenomation: a report of three cases. | deinagkistrodon acutusenvenomation is associated with severe hematological and wound complications but is rarely described. | 2017 | 28344596 |
| the impact of hemocoagulase for improvement of coagulation and reduction of bleeding in fracture-related hip hemiarthroplasty geriatric patients: a prospective, single-blinded, randomized, controlled study. | uncontrolled bleeding is associated with poor outcomes and mortality in geriatric patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty. hemocoagulase agkistrodon is a hemocoagulative, anti-hemorrhagic enzyme complex from deinagkistrodon acutus snake venom. this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of hemocoagulase agkistrodon on coagulation and bleeding outcomes in fracture-related hemiarthroplasty. | 2017 | 28238301 |
| isolation and biochemical characterization of a gamma-type phospholipase a2inhibitor from macropisthodon rudis snake serum. | a novel phospholipasea2(pla2) inhibitory protein (pli) was purified from the serum of macropisthodon rudis, a non-venomous snake mainly found in southern china. the molecular mass of the purified pli was 160 kda as determined by superdex 200hr; however, the pli protein had only one subunit of 25.4 kda as determined by 12% sds-page, indicating an oligomeric protein. pli cdna obtained by pcr from the liver of macropisthodon rudis, revealed 549 bps coding for a mature protein of 183 amino acid resi ... | 2016 | 27641751 |
| evolutionary trajectories of snake genes and genomes revealed by comparative analyses of five-pacer viper. | snakes have numerous features distinctive from other tetrapods and a rich history of genome evolution that is still obscure. here, we report the high-quality genome of the five-pacer viper, deinagkistrodon acutus, and comparative analyses with other representative snake and lizard genomes. we map the evolutionary trajectories of transposable elements (tes), developmental genes and sex chromosomes onto the snake phylogeny. tes exhibit dynamic lineage-specific expansion, and many viper tes show br ... | 2016 | 27708285 |
| agkistrodon acutus-purified protein c activator protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against h2o2-induced apoptosis. | recent studies show that the agkistrodon acutus (viperidae) (syn. deinagkistrodon acutus) protein c activator (pca) treats acute myocardial infarction and ischaemia-reperfusion animal models effectively, while the underlying mechanism remains unknown. | 2016 | 27572701 |
| screening, tandem expression and immune activity appraisal of deinagkistrodon acutus (pit viper) venom mimotopes from a phage display 12-mer peptide library. | to design a specific polyclonal antibody against deinagkistrodon acutus venom (da-pab) by immunizating new zealand white rabbits. | 2016 | 27421965 |
| purification and immunoprotection evaluation of aahiv from complex venom metalloproteinases of deinagkistrodon acutus. | the aim of this study was to investigate the immunoprotective effects of aahiv in mice. after purification, a 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) was performed. bicinchoninic acid was used to determine the molecular weight and concentration of aahiv. aahiv, venom complex (vc), and phosphate buffered saline (pbs) were subsequently used to immunize the mice three times, and the blood was sampled 1 week after the third immunization to determine the serum immunog ... | 2016 | 27111246 |
| bioinformatics-based design of novel antigenic b-cell linear epitopes of deinagkistrodon acutus venom. | with the help of bioinformatics analysis, we wished to develop a novel antivenom against the deinagkistrodon (d.) acutus snake venom using b-cell linear epitopes of three primary toxins (serine protease, metalloprotease, and phospholipase a2). | 2016 | 26957285 |
| antiplatelet aggregation and antithrombosis efficiency of peptides in the snake venom of deinagkistrodon acutus: isolation, identification, and evaluation. | two peptides of pt-a (glu-asn-trp 429 da) and pt-b (glu-gln-trp 443 da) were isolated from venom liquor of deinagkistrodon acutus. their antiplatelet aggregation effects were evaluated with platelet-rich human plasma in vitro; the respective ic50 of pt-a and pt-b was 66 μm and 203 μm. both peptides exhibited protection effects on adp-induced paralysis in mice. after adp administration, the paralysis time of different concentration of pt-a and pt-b lasted as the following: 80 mg/kg pt-b (152.8 ± ... | 2015 | 26483843 |
| preparation and neutralization efficacy of igy antibodies raised againstdeinagkistrodon acutusvenom. | the five-paced pit viper (deinagkistrodon acutus), endemic to china and northern vietnam, is responsible for most snakebites in the chinese territory. antivenom produced from horses is the main treatment for snakebites, but it may cause numerous clinical side effects and have other disadvantages involved in their production such as the welfare of animals. the present study was conducted aiming to develop an alternative antibody (igy) from the egg yolk of leghorn chickens immunized with snake ven ... | 2017 | 28396683 |
| design, synthesis of novel tryptophan derivatives for antiplatelet aggregation activity based on tripeptide penw (pglu-asn-trp). | penw, a three mer peptide derived from agkistrodon acutus guenther venom, has been found to be an antagonist of the gpiib/iiia receptor and shows antiplatelet aggregation activity. based on penw and a gpiib/iiia inhibitor tirofiban, a series of tryptophan derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiplatelet aggregation activity induced by adp. the most potent compound 87 was also tested for the bleeding time and antithrombotic activity in vivo in comparison with tirofiban. ... | 2015 | 26298494 |
| envenoming by crotalid snake chinese moccasin agkistrodon acutus bite - a case report. | although the bites caused by snakes from former agkistrodon family in the areas of occurrence are not rare and even have certain epidemiologic importance, in case of envenoming by deinagkistrodon acutus the clinical studies and case reports are very sporadic. this case report describes the envenoming of a private snake breeder bitten by young chinese moccasin deinagkistrodon acutus to the thumb of his left hand. he sought for a medical help immediately after snakebite. patient presented with a l ... | 2015 | 26093669 |
| [application of rapid pcr to authenticate medicinal snakes]. | to obtained an accurate, rapid and efficient method for authenticate medicinal snakes listed in chinese pharmacopoeia (zaocysd humnades, bungarus multicinctus, agkistrodon acutus), a rapid pcr method for authenticate snakes and its adulterants was established based on the classic molecular authentication methods. dna was extracted by alkaline lysis and the specific primers were amplified by two-steps pcr amplification method. the denatured and annealing temperature and cycle numbers were optimiz ... | 2014 | 25612419 |
| biochemical properties and comparative pharmacology of a coagulant from deinagkistrodon acutus snake venom. | a number of snake venom thrombin-like enzymes (tles) have already been characterized. some tles play significant roles in vessel injury hemostasis. a novel tle (agacutase) was purified from deinagkistrodon acutus snake venom by the means of sephadex g-75, deae-sepharose ff, and sephadex g-25 column chromatography. structural analysis indicated that agacutase is a single-chain glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 31,084 da, isoelectric point of 4.38, optimal activity at 37 °c and ph 6.6, sugar c ... | 2013 | 23429184 |
| determination of hemocoagulase agkistrodon in a pharmaceutical preparation by high-performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization and fluorescence detection. | currently, there is no analytical method for the quantification of hemocoagulase agkistrodon (hca) in pharmaceutical preparations. this study presents a pre-column derivatization method for the quantification of hca, a compound extracted from the venom of agkistrodon acutus, in a pharmaceutical preparation (trade name suling). in the proposed method, 6-aminoquinolyl-n-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate was used to tag the hca substrate, and the derivatives were analyzed by high-performance liquid chr ... | 2013 | 23357044 |
| inhibition of integrins αv/α5-dependent functions in melanoma cells by an ecd-disintegrin acurhagin-c. | acurhagin-c, a glu-cys-asp (ecd)-disintegrin from agkistrodon acutus venom, has been reported as an endothelial apoptosis inducer, previously. here we further evaluate its potential applications in cancer therapy. in vitro assays indicated that acurhagin-c not only may influence the cell viability at higher concentration, but also can potently and dose-dependently decrease cell proliferation in murine b16-f10 melanoma. otherwise, it also had a dose-dependent inhibition on b16-f10 cell adhesion t ... | 2013 | 23333557 |
| immunoreactivity between venoms and commercial antiserums in four chinese snakes and venom identification by species-specific antibody. | we studied the immunoreactivity between venoms and commercial antiserums in four chinese venomous snakes, bungarus multicinctus, naja atra, deinagkistrodon acutus and gloydius brevicaudus. venoms from the four snakes shared common antigenic components, and most venom components expressed antigenicity in the immunological reaction between venoms and antiserums. antiserums cross-reacted with heterologous venoms. homologous venom and antiserum expressed the highest reaction activity in all cross-re ... | 2013 | 23142457 |
| cloning of cdnas and molecular characterisation of c-type lectin-like proteins from snake venoms. | c-type lectin-like proteins (ctlps) isolated from snake venoms are the largest and most complex non-mammalian vertebrate c-type lectin-like domain family. in the present study, we simultaneously amplified four cdnas encoding different types of ctlp subunits from the venoms of two different species of snakes by rt-pcr with a single sense primer and a nested universal primer - two ctlp subunit-encoding cdnas were cloned from deinagkistrodon acutus venom and two from agkistrodon halys pallas venom. ... | 2012 | 23010162 |
| ca(2+) -induced binding of anticoagulation factor ii from the venom of agkistrodon acutus with factor ix. | anticoagulation factor ii (acf ii), a coagulation factor x- binding protein from the venom of agkistrodon acutus has both anticoagulant and hypotensive activities. previous studies show that acf ii binds specifically with activated factor x (fxa) in a ca(2+) -dependent manner and inhibits intrinsic coagulation pathway. in this study, the inhibition of extrinsic coagulation pathway by acf ii was measured in vivo by prothrombin time assay and the binding of acf ii to factor ix (fix) was investigat ... | 2012 | 22806501 |
| an indirect sandwich elisa for the determination of agkisacutacin in human serum: application to pharmacokinetic study in chinese healthy volunteers. | the platelet receptor glycoprotein ib-ix-v complex (gpib-ix-v) plays a dominant role in the first step of platelet adhesion and arterial thrombus formation. agkisacutacin, a c-type lectin-like protein (clp) from agkistrodon acutus venom, had been previously identified as an antagonist of platelet aggregation and a membrane glycoprotein ib-binding protein (gpib-bp). for the analysis of pharmacokinetics of agkisacutacin, an indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was establishe ... | 2012 | 22738788 |
| a novel fibrinogenase from agkistrodon acutus venom protects against dic via direct degradation of thrombosis and activation of protein c. | the incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic), which leads to multiple organ dysfunction and high mortality, has remained constant in recent years. at present, treatments of dic have focused on preventing cytokine induction, inhibiting coagulation processes and promoting fibrinolysis. recent clinical trials have supported the use of antithrombin and activated protein c supplementation in dic. to better understand the mechanism of treatment on dic, we here report a novel fibrinoge ... | 2012 | 22728069 |
| [component i from agkistrodon acutus venom induces apoptosis of k562/a02 cells by promoting caspase 3 expression]. | to investigate the effects of component i from agkistrodon acutus venom (aavc-i) on the biological features of chronic myeloid leukemia cells, k562/a02 leukemia cells were cultured in the presence of aavc-i (6.25 - 100 µg/ml) and the proliferation status was assayed by cck-8 method. morphological changes were observed by inversed microscope after giemsa and hochest 33258 staining, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. caspase 3 activity was tested by using chromogenic activity assay ... | 2012 | 22541080 |
| crystal structure of agkisacucetin, a gpib-binding snake c-type lectin that inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation. | agkisacucetin is a snake c-type lectin isolated from the venom of agkistrodon acutus (a. acutus). it binds specifically to the platelet glycoprotein (gp) ib and prevents the von willebrand factor (vwf) accessing it. we determined the crystal structure of agkisacucetin to 1.9å resolution. the structure of agkisacucetin has an (αβ) fold similar to another gpib-binding protein, flavocetin-a, but lacks the c-terminal cysteine in the β-subunit, does not form (βα)(4) tetramers, and does not cluster gp ... | 2012 | 22447656 |
| metal ions- and ph-induced conformational changes of acutolysin a from agkistrodon acutus venom probed by fluorescent spectroscopy. | acutolysin a isolated from the venom of agkistrodon acutus is a protein of 22 kda with marked haemorrhagic and proteolytic activities. the metal ions- and ph-induced conformational changes of acutolysin a have been studied by following fluorescence and activity measurements. here, we provide evidence for the fact that native holo-acutolysin a adopts two subtly different conformations, native state a (na) stable in the weak acidic ph range from 6.0 to 7.0 with low activity and native state b (nb) ... | 2007 | 17063468 |
| anticoagulation factor i, a snaclec (snake c-type lectin) from agkistrodon acutus venom binds to fix as well as fx: ca2+ induced binding data. | anticoagulation factor i (acf i), a snake c-type lectin (snaclec) from the venom of agkistrodon acutus binds specifically with activated factor x (fxa) in a ca2+-dependent manner and prolongs the blood-clotting time in vitro. in this study, the inhibition of the coagulation pathway by acf i was measured in vivo by activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time assays and the binding of acf i to factor ix (fix) was investigated by native page and surface plasmon resonance. the results ... | 2012 | 22445822 |
| cu(ii)- and disulfide bonds-induced stabilization during the guanidine hydrochloride- and thermal-induced denaturation of nad-glycohydrolase from the venom of agkistrodon acutus. | nad-glycohydrolase (aa-nadase) from agkistrodon acutus venom is a unique multicatalytic enzyme with both nadase and at(d)pase-like activities. among all identified nadases, only aa-nadase is a disulfide-linked dimer and contains cu(2+). cu(2+) and disulfide bonds are essential for its multicatalytic activity. in this study, the effects of cu(2+) and disulfide-bonds on guanidine hydrochloride (gdnhcl)- and thermal-induced unfolding of aa-nadase have been investigated by fluorescence, circular dic ... | 2012 | 22045055 |
| within-clutch variation in venoms from hatchlings of deinagkistrodon acutus (viperidae). | we used 17 hatchling five-paced pit-vipers snakes (deinagkistrodon acutus) to study within-clutch variation in snake venoms. we measured venom yield and total protein content, and examined the correlations between venom yield and hatchling size [snout-vent length (svl) and body mass]. we also analyzed the electrophoretic profiles and enzymatic activities of venoms from hatchlings. lyophilized venom mass was not correlated with svl, nor with body mass. liquid venom mass and total protein content ... | 2011 | 21459103 |
| metal ion binding to anticoagulation factor ii from the venom of agkistrodon acutus: stabilization of the structure and regulation of the binding affinity to activated coagulation factor x. | anticoagulation factor ii (acf ii) isolated from the venom of agkistrodon acutus is an activated coagulation factor x (fxa)-binding protein with both anticoagulant and hypotensive activities. the thermodynamics of the binding of alkaline earth metal ions to acf ii and their effects on the stability of acf ii and the binding of acf ii to fxa were investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry, fluorescence, differential scanning calorimetry, and surface plasmon resonance. the binding of acf ii ... | 2011 | 21197556 |
| metal ions binding to nad-glycohydrolase from the venom of agkistrodon acutus: regulation of multicatalytic activity. | aa-nadase from agkistrodon acutus venom is a unique multicatalytic enzyme with both nadase and at(d)pase activities. among all identified nadases, only aa-nadase contains cu(2+) ions that are essential for its multicatalytic activity. in this study, the interactions between divalent metal ions and aa-nadase and the effects of metal ions on its structure and activity have been investigated by equilibrium dialysis, isothermal titration calorimetry, fluorescence, circular dichroism, dynamic light s ... | 2010 | 21072348 |
| small-molecule reductants inhibit multicatalytic activity of aa-nadase from agkistrodon acutus venom by reducing the disulfide-bonds and cu(ii) of enzyme. | aa-nadase from agkistrodon acutus venom is a unique multicatalytic enzyme with both nadase and at(d)pase activities. among all identified nadases, only aa-nadase contains cu(ii) and has disulfide-bond linkages between two peptide chains. the effects of the reduction of the disulfide-bonds and cu(ii) in aa-nadase by small-molecule reductants on its nadase and adpase activities have been investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography, electron paramagnet ... | 2010 | 19780128 |
| effects of single n-glycosylation site knockout on folding and defibrinogenating activities of acutobin recombinants from hek293t. | acutobin, the α-fibrinogenase from deinagkistrodon acutus venom, contains four n-glycosylation sites with disialylated complex-typed glycans. here, we explore the functional roles of each of the n-glycan by site-directed mutagenesis. the wild-type (atb-wt) and single glycan-knockout mutants of recombinant acutobin were prepared from hek293t, demonstrating that mutations at asn(77), asn(81) and asn(100) impaired the folding while the s79a mutant and various asn(229)-deglycosylated mutants were co ... | 2015 | 25533529 |
| correlation between the glycan variations and defibrinogenating activities of acutobin and its recombinant glycoforms. | acutobin isolated from deinagkistrodon acutus venom has been used to prevent or treat stroke in patients. this defibrinogenating serine protease is a 39 kda glycoprotein containing terminal disialyl-capped n-glycans. after sialidase treatment, the enzyme showed similar catalytic activities toward chromogenic substrate, and cleaved the aα chain of fibrinogen as efficiently as the native acutobin did. however, the level of fibrinogen degradation products in mice after i.p.-injection of desialylate ... | 2014 | 24945257 |
| purification and partial characterization of a novel fibrinogenase from the venom of deinagkistrodon acutus: inhibition of platelet aggregation. | a novel fibrinogenase, danase, was purified from the venom of deinagkistrodon acutus by a combination of anion and cation exchange chromatography. unlike other fibrinogenases which are usually single polypeptide chain proteins, the enzyme was a disulfide-linked dimer with an isoelectric point of 6.03 and an apparent molecular weight of 25kda on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. danase showed α-fibrinogenase activity devoid of fibrinolytic activity. it hydrolyzed rapidly the aα-chain of fib ... | 2014 | 24755064 |
| a critical role for the regulation of syk from agglutination to aggregation in human platelets. | agglucetin, a tetrameric glycoprotein (gp) ibα agonist from formosan agkistrodon acutus venom, has been characterized as an agglutination inducer in human washed platelets (wps). in platelet-rich plasma (prp), agglucetin dramatically elicits a biphasic response of agglutination and subsequent aggregation. for clarifying the intracellular signaling events from agglutination to aggregation in human platelets, we examined the essential signaling molecules involved through the detection of protein t ... | 2014 | 24326074 |
| [sequencing and analysis of the complete mitochondrial dna of chinese moccasin for medicinal use]. | to sequence and analyze the complete mitochondrial dna of chinese moccasin. | 2013 | 24218958 |
| [mitochondrial mechanisms of apoptosis of human leukemia k562 cells induced by avvc-1]. | this study was purpose to investigate apoptosis pathway of leukemia k562 cells induced by anticoagulant fraction from agkistrodon acutus venom (avvc-1). the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (δψm) of leukemia k562 cells was detected by flow cytometry with jc-1 single staining. the expression of cytochrome c in the mitochondrial of leukemia k562 cells was analyzed by western blot after avvc-1 treatment. the distribution of cytochrome c in leukemia k562 cells was measured by immuno-fluorescenc ... | 2013 | 23815904 |
| [application of capillary zone electrophoresis in the interaction analysis of protein c with protein c activator from agkistrodon acutus venom]. | a new capillary zone electrophoresis method (cze) has been established for the interaction analysis of protein c (pc) with a protein c activator (pca) from agkistrodon acutus venom. the analysis was performed on an uncoated fused-silica capillary with 75 microm i.d. and a total length of 60.2 cm (50 cm to the detector) with a buffer solution of 50 mmol/l tris-hcl (ph 7.4) and 198 nm of wavelength. the factors which influence the separation of the pca, such as buffer solution and ion concentratio ... | 2013 | 23667991 |
| purification, characterization and gene cloning of da-36, a novel serine protease from deinagkistrodon acutus venom. | a serine protease termed da-36 was isolated from crude venom of deinagkistrodon acutus. the enzyme was a single chain protein with an apparent molecular weight of 36,000 on sds-page with an isoelectric point of 6.59. da-36 could clot human plasma by cleaving the aα, bβ and γ chains of fibrinogen and also exhibited arginine esterase activity. the proteolytic activity of da-36 toward tame was strongly inhibited by pmsf and moderately affected by benzamidine and aprotinin, indicating that it was a ... | 2013 | 23462378 |
| determination of the structure form of the fourth ligand of zinc in acutolysin a using combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical simulation. | acutolysin a, which is isolated from the snake venom of agkistrodon acutus, is a member of the svmps subfamily of the metzincin family, and it is a snake venom zinc metalloproteinase possessing only one catalytic domain. the catalytic zinc ion, in the active site, is coordinated in a tetrahedral manner with three imidazole nitrogen atoms of histidine and one oxygen atom. it is uncertain whether this oxygen atom is a water molecule or a hydroxide ion just from the three-dimensional x-ray crystal ... | 2009 | 19191509 |
| enzymatic activities and functional characterization of a novel recombinant snake venom proteinase from agkistrodon acutus. | snake venom from agkistrodon acutus consists of a number of compounds which may potentially be used as drugs. however, it is hard to obtain enough pure protein for drug development. recently, we reported expression and purification of a novel recombinant fibrinogenase which was named rfii. here we reported for the first time the enzymatic activities and functional characterization of rfii. circular dichroism spectra showed the gross conformation of fiia and rfii to be notably similar. it is an a ... | 2009 | 19013210 |
| structural and biological characterization of a novel acutobin-like enzyme isolated from the venom of the sharp-nosed pit viper (deinagkistrodon acutus). | we previously reported the purification of a serine proteinase from the venom of the sharp-nosed pit viper (deinagkistrodon acutus) using a combination of affinity chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography [xin, dong, wang and li, r. (2007) j. chromatogr. b 859, 111-118]. the high fibrinogen-clotting activity [2025 nih (national institutes of health) units/mg] of this protein indicated that it may have great potential as a drug for treating thrombolysis. in order to systemically determine t ... | 2009 | 18643779 |
| isolation and characterization of actx-6: a cytotoxic l-amino acid oxidase from agkistrodon acutus snake venom. | the characterization of an l-amino acid oxidase purified from agkistrodon acutus snake venom was investigated. an l-amino acid oxidase (laao) was purified from a. acutus snake venom through deae sepharose f.f. and source 30 s chromatography. the molecular mass of this enzyme was determined by sds-page, size exclusion chromatography, and mass spectrometry. substrate specificity, cytotoxicity, antitumor activity in vivo, and apoptosis-inducing activity were assayed. the laao purified from a. acutu ... | 2008 | 18415865 |
| affinity purification of serine proteinase from deinagkistrodon acutus venom. | an affinity protocol was developed for the preparation of the main serine proteinase from deinagkistrodon acutus venom on industrial scales. as affinity ligand, l-arginine was composed to medium and its structure was confirmed by esi-ms analysis. the purification process consisted of one major affinity chromatography step to remove more than 95% of other proteins, and a polishing step of deae ion-exchange chromatography for removal of minor contaminants. the serine proteinase was 100% pure analy ... | 2007 | 17904430 |
| a cytotoxin isolated from agkistrodon acutus snake venom induces apoptosis via fas pathway in a549 cells. | actx-6 is a protein isolated from agkistrodon acutus snake venom and demonstrated cytotoxic activity to various cancer cells in vitro. in this paper the exact mechanism in actx-6-induced cell death was investigated and it was found that actx-6 could induce cell apoptosis. the results of western blot and rt-pcr showed that actx-6 could induce fas and fasl protein expression. when fas signaling pathway was blocked by neutralizing antibodies to fas or fasl, actx-6-induced apoptosis was inhibited. d ... | 2007 | 17544616 |
| calcium ion-induced stabilization and refolding of agkisacutacin from agkistrodon acutus venom studied by fluorescent spectroscopy. | agkisacutacin isolated from the venom of agkistrodon acutus is a coagulation factor ix / coagulation factor x-binding protein with marked anticoagulant- and platelet-modulating activities. ca(2+) ion-induced stabilization and refolding of agkisacutacin have been studied by following fluorescent measurements. ca(2+) ions not only increase the structural stability of agkisacutacin against gdnhcl denaturation, but also induce its refolding. the gdnhcl-induced unfolding of the apo-agkisacutacin and ... | 2007 | 17279335 |
| actx-8, a cytotoxic l-amino acid oxidase isolated from agkistrodon acutus snake venom, induces apoptosis in hela cervical cancer cells. | actx-8 is a protein isolated from agkistrodon acutus snake venom in our laboratory. it demonstrates cytotoxic activity on various carcinoma cell lines in vitro. however, the mechanism by which actx-8 inhibits cell proliferation remains poorly understood. in this study the influence of actx-8 on the activation of apoptotic pathway in hela cells was investigated. we demonstrated that cell death induced by actx-8 was concentration- and time-dependent. apoptotic changes such as phosphatidyl serine e ... | 2007 | 17275856 |
| effects of metal ions on the conformation and activity of acutolysin d from agkistrodon acutus venom. | acutolysin d, isolated from the venom of agkistrodon acutus, possesses marked haemorrhagic and proteolytic activities. the molecular weight and the absorption coefficients (a (1%) (280)) of acutolyisn d have been determined to be 47,850 +/- 8 amu and 9.3 by mass spectrometer and uv spectrum, respectively. the effects of metal ions on the conformation and activity of acutolysin d have been studied by following fluorescence, circular dichroism and biological activity measurements. acutolysin d con ... | 2006 | 17089193 |
| a novel phospholipase a2 from agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis venom: purification, proteomic, functional and structural characterizations. | a phospholipase a(2) was isolated from the snake venom of chinese agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis by column chromatography using deae sephadex a-50 ion-exchange chromatography, sephadex g-75 gel filtration chromatography and mono q ion-exchange chromatography, and designated as akbu-pla(2). it showed an average molecular mass of 13,980+/-3 amu determined by maldi tof mass spectrometry. protein identification results from hplc-nesi-ms/ms analysis indicated that the akbu-pla(2) was a new snake v ... | 2009 | 19278623 |
| effects of terbium and ph on structure of anticoagulation factor ii from agkistrodon acutus venom probed by fluorescent spectroscopy and equilibrium dialysis. | anticoagulation factor ii (acf ii) isolated from the venom of agkistrodon acutus is an activated coagulation factor x-binding protein with marked anticoagulant activity. present studies show that the ph has a marked effect on the fluorescence intensity of holo-acf ii; however, no appreciable shift of the emission maximum of holo-acf ii was observed in the ph range of 3-10. it was deduced from a relatively weak fluorescence emission of holo-acf ii at a neutral ph (6-7) that native holo-acf ii ass ... | 2002 | 12209446 |
| fluorescence analysis of the fibrinolytic principle (fp) from agkistrodon acutus venom. | the conformation and the properties of the fibrinolytic principle (fp) from agkistrodon acutus venom were studied by chemical modification and fluorescence spectroscopy. results showed that there are more than one tryptophan (trp) residue in the fp molecule and they are located in the more hydrophobic core, could be quenched by acrylamide (acr), a polarized quencher without electric charge. the collisional quenching constants of fp at different concentrations of acr were calculated in terms of s ... | 1998 | 12174266 |
| biochemical properties of bound-ca(2+) in fibrinolytic principle (fp) separated from agkistrodon acutus venom. | it has been determined that each fp molecular contains one ca(2+)-binding site. by the use of fluorescence probe tb(3+), the distance between tb(3+) and tryptophan (trp) residue was obtained to be 0.375. tb(3+) ion is coordinated with fp more strongly than ca(2+) ion, and can bind to fp and replace the ca(2+) ion in fp completely. | 1998 | 12174265 |
| cloning and sequencing of genes encoding phospholipase a(2) from agkistrodon acutus. | synthetic oligonucleotides were used to amplify phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) gene by rt-pcr from total rna of snake agkistrodon acutus venom gland. the pcr products were subcloned and positive clones were screened with acidic pla(2) gene from agkistrodon halys pallas. finally, four cdnas of pla(2) isoenzymes were isolated. their complete sequences were determined by bidirectional sequencing and their amino acid sequences were deduced. they were designated as a.aapla(2)i a.aapla(2)ii a.abpla(2) an ... | 1999 | 12142913 |
| purification of nad glycohydrolase from agkistrodon acutus venom. | nad glycohydrolase (nadase) from agkistrodon acutus venom was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by a fast, reproducible 3-step procedure including q sepharose fast flow, superdex 75, and mono s column chromatography. this new procedure gave a 15.6-fold purification with a recovery yield of 7.9% and a specific activity of 12.8 units/mg. | 2002 | 12135566 |
| purification and characterization of a novel anticoagulation factor (acf ii) from the venom of agkistrodon acutus. | a novel anticoagulation factor (acf ii) was first isolated from the venom of agkistrodon acutus by deae-sephadex a-50, sephadex g-75 and cm-sephadex c-50 column chromatography. the purified acf ii showed a single band in page, s ds-page and ief-page, respectively. acf ii consisted of two peptide chains lin ke d together by disulfide bond(s) and the molecular weights of the two peptide cha ins were about 14.6 kd as determined by sds-page. the isoelectric point of acf ii was 7.0. acf ii possessed ... | 2000 | 12110921 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cdna encoding acutolysin c, a hemorrhagic metalloproteinase, from agkistrodon acutus. | a full-length cdna of 1 650 bp was amplified from the snake venom gland cdna library of agkistrodon acutus. analysis of the nucleotide sequence indicated that the amplified cdna contained a complete open reading frame encoding 417 amino acid residues including signal peptide sequence, zymogen sequence and proteinase domain. the zymogen sequence contained cgvt motif that was highly conserved in almost all venom metalloproteinases. the metalloproteinase domain contained a conserved signature zinc- ... | 2000 | 12075438 |
| purification and characterization of a platelet agglutinating inhibiting protein (agkisacutacin) from agkistrodon acutus venom. | a platelet agglutinating inhibiting protein (agkisacutacin) was isolated from the venom of agkistrodon acutus by deae sepharose fast flow and size exclusion chromatography. the purified product was a 29 kd protein composed of two disulfide bond-linked polypeptide chains of molecular weight of 14 kd, 15 kd, respectively. it completely inhibited ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination with an ic(50) value of 18.5 mg/l. it also inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation with an ic(50) value ... | 2000 | 12058182 |
| structure of an acidic phospholipase a(2) from the venom of deinagkistrodon acutus in a new crystal form. | the three-dimensional structure of an acidic phospholipase a(2) purified from the venom of deinagkistrodon acutus (agkistrodon acutus) was determined in a new crystal form by molecular replacement at 0.28 nm resolution with a crystallographic r factor of 21.9% (r-free=25.7%) and reasonable stereochemistry. being similar to the previous reported crystal form, a significant conformational adaptation of segment 14-23 at the dimer interface was observed. this segment was related to the "interface re ... | 2002 | 12019436 |
| transcriptome analysis of deinagkistrodon acutus venomous gland focusing on cellular structure and functional aspects using expressed sequence tags. | the snake venom gland is a specialized organ, which synthesizes and secretes the complex and abundant toxin proteins. though gene expression in the snake venom gland has been extensively studied, the focus has been on the components of the venom. as far as the molecular mechanism of toxin secretion and metabolism is concerned, we still knew a little. therefore, a fundamental question being arisen is what genes are expressed in the snake venom glands besides many toxin components? | 2006 | 16776837 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray studies of a non-haemorrhagic fibrin(ogen)olytic metalloproteinase from the venom of agkistrodon acutus. | a non-haemorrhagic fibrin(ogen)olytic metalloproteinase from the venom of agkistrodon acutus has been crystallized by the hanging-drop method. the crystals belong to space group p3(1)21, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 80.57, c = 66.77 a and one molecule in the asymmetric unit. x-ray diffraction data were collected to 1.86 a resolution. | 2005 | 16511039 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of agkicetin-c from deinagkistrodon acutus venom. | the crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of agkicetin-c, a well known platelet glycoprotein ib (gpib) antagonist from the venom of deinagkistrodon acutus found in anhui province, china is reported. crystals of agkicetin-c suitable for structure determination were obtained from 1.8 m ammonium sulfate, 40 mm mes ph 6.5 with 2%(v/v) peg 400. interestingly, low buffer concentrations of mes seem to be necessary for crystal growth. the crystals of agkicetin-c belong to space group ... | 2005 | 16508096 |
| effects of rare earth ions on the conformational stability of anticoagulation factor ii from agkistrodon acutus venom probed by fluorescent spectroscopy. | anticoagulation factor ii (acf ii) isolated from the venom of agkistrodon acutus is an activated coagulation factor x-binding protein in a ca(2+)-dependent fashion with marked anticoagulant activity. the equilibrium unfolding of rare earth ions (re(3+))-reconstituted acf ii in guanidine hydrochloride (gdnhcl) solution was studied by fluorescence. the gdnhcl-induced unfolding of re(3+) (nd(3+), sm(3+), eu(3+), gd(3+))-reconstituted acf ii follows a three-state transition with a stable intermediat ... | 2006 | 16475157 |
| a catalog for transcripts in the venom gland of the agkistrodon acutus: identification of the toxins potentially involved in coagulopathy. | agkistrodon acutus is a special agkistrodon halys, only distributed in southern china, with a few exceptions in vietnam. it is a cherished element used in traditional chinese medicine. in order to produce a global panorama of gene expression in the agkistrodon acutus venom gland, a non-normalized cdna library was constructed, and 8696 high quality 5' end expressed sequenced tags (ests) were sequenced and analyzed. the initial sequences were assembled into 2855 clusters. of these clusters, only 4 ... | 2006 | 16438937 |
| thrombin-like enzymes from venom gland of deinagkistrodon acutus: cdna cloning, mechanism of diversity and phylogenetic tree construction. | to clone cdnas of thrombin-like enzymes (tles) from venom gland of deinagkistrodon acutus and analyze the mechanisms by which their structural diversity arose. | 2006 | 16412268 |
| enzymological characterization of fii(a), a fibrinolytic enzyme from agkistrodon acutus venom. | to study the enzymological characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme (fii(a)) from agkistrodon acutus venom. | 2005 | 16297346 |
| purification and characterization of a novel metalloproteinase, acurhagin, from agkistrodon acutus venom. | acurhagin, a high-molecular mass hemorrhagic metalloproteinase, was purified from the crude venom of agkistrodon acutus using anion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. acurhagin is a monomer with a molecular mass of 51.4 kda under non-reducing conditions on sds-page and 48,133 da by mass spectrometry. partial amino acid sequence of its metalloproteinase domain is homologous to other high-molecular mass metalloproteinases from snake venoms. it preferentially cleaved aalpa chain o ... | 2002 | 12008947 |
| primary structure and antiplatelet mechanism of a snake venom metalloproteinase, acurhagin, from agkistrodon acutus venom. | acurhagin has been characterized as a p-iii hemorrhagic metalloproteinase. we herein report the complete sequence of acurhagin by molecular cloning. analysis of the cdna-predicted amino acid sequence encoding acurhagin precursor revealed that this mosaic asn-linked glycoprotein possesses a multidomain structure including a proprotein, a metalloproteinase, a disintegrin-like and a cysteine-rich domains (189/205/102/114 residues), with an overall 87% identity to that of jararhagin, an integrin alp ... | 2005 | 16023283 |
| a c-type lectin-like protein from agkistrodon acutus venom binds to both platelet glycoprotein ib and coagulation factor ix/factor x. | agkisacutacin, a c-type lectin-like protein (clp) isolated from agkistrodon acutus venom, had been previously identified as an antagonist of platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin, as well as a certain extent fibrinogenlytic activity. in this study, agkisacutacin was further purified by three-step chromatography, and its biological functions were characterized. agkisacutacin after further purification retained the effect on ristocetin-induced, von willebrand factor-dependent platelet aggrega ... | 2005 | 15925567 |
| effects of metal ions and an inhibitor on the fluorescence and activity of acutolysin a from agkistrodon acutus venom. | acutolysin a, a protein isolated from the venom of chinese five-pace snake (agkistrodon acutus) has shown marked hemorrhagic and proteolytic activities. in the present study, the effects of metal ions and an inhibitor edta on the fluorescence and function of autolysin a have been studied, by following fluorescence and activity measurements. acutolysin a contains a ca(2+)-binding site, which provides it with important structural stability, and a zn(2+)-binding site, which is essential for its enz ... | 2005 | 23923569 |
| a novel p-i class metalloproteinase with broad substrate-cleaving activity, agkislysin, from agkistrodon acutus venom. | the venom of viperdae is a rich source of metalloproteinases, which have potential clinical applications for lowering plasma fibrinogen or dissolving thrombi. recently, we purified a novel proteinase from formosan agkistrodon acutus venom using deae-sephadex a-50 and mono-q hr 5/5 column chromatography. the purified getatinolytic component, agkislysin, is a 22kda-monomeric protein without asn-linked sugar. functional characterization showed that agkislysin possessed both fibronectin- and type iv ... | 2004 | 15465006 |
| metal-ion- and ph-induced conformational changes of acutolysin d from agkistrodon acutus venom probed by fluorescent spectroscopy. | acutolysin d isolated from the venom of agkistrodon acutus is a protein of 44 kda with marked hemorrhagic and proteolytic activities. the metal-ion- and ph-induced conformational changes of acutolysin d have been studied by following fluorescence and activity measurements. here we provide evidence for the fact that native holo-acutolysin d adopts two different conformations, native state a, stable in the weak acidic ph range from 5.5 to 7.0 with low activity, and native state b, stable in the we ... | 2004 | 15211502 |
| purification, partial characterization and crystallization of acucetin, a protein containing both disintegrin-like and cysteine-rich domains released by auto-proteolysis of a p-iii-type metalloproteinase aah-iv from agkistrodon acutus venom. | aah-iv, a p-iii-type metalloproteinase found in agkistrodon acutus venom, readily cleaves itself to release a stable protein named acucetin at 310 k under neutral and weakly alkaline conditions. a partial amino-acid residue sequence of acucetin indicates that the protein has a high homology to snake-venom proteins containing both disintegrin-like and cysteine-rich domains. acucetin has been crystallized in space group r32, with hexagonal unit-cell parameters a = b = 155.98, c = 76.07 a. the v(m) ... | 2003 | 14646104 |
| the crystal structure of a novel, inactive, lysine 49 pla2 from agkistrodon acutus venom: an ultrahigh resolution, ab initio structure determination. | the crystal structure of acutohaemolysin, a lysine 49 phospholipase a2 protein with 1010 non-hydrogen protein atoms and 232 water molecules, has been determined ab initio using the program snb at an ultrahigh resolution of 0.8 a. the lack of catalytic activity appears to be related to the presence of phe102, which prevents the access of substrate to the active site. the substitution of tryptophan for leucine at residue 10 interferes with dimer formation and may be responsible for the additional ... | 2003 | 12871974 |
| unmasking venom gland transcriptomes in reptile venoms. | while structural studies of reptile venom toxins can be achieved using lyophilized venom samples, until now the cloning of precursor cdnas required sacrifice of the specimen for dissection of the venom glands. here we describe a simple and rapid technique that unmasks venom protein mrnas present in lyophilized venom samples. to illustrate the technique we have rt-pcr-amplified a range of venom protein transcripts from cdna libraries derived from the venoms of a hemotoxic snake, the chinese coppe ... | 2002 | 12470674 |
| terbium(iii) fluorescence probe studies on metal ion-binding sites in anticoagulation factor i from agkistrodon acutus venom. | anticoagulation factor i (acf i) isolated from the venom of agkistrodon acutus is an activated coagulation factor x-binding protein with marked anticoagulant activity. present studies show that holo-acf i assumes a compactly folded structure in the range of ph 5-6, in which the most interior trp residues and quenchers are adjacent. tb3+ ions can completely replace both ca2+ ions in holo-acf i, as determined by equilibrium dialysis. although the two tb3+ ions in tb3+-acf i have slightly different ... | 2002 | 11934276 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of agkaggregin, a c-type lectin-like protein from agkistrodon acutus venom. | a snake-venom c-type lectin-like protein, agkaggregin, has been isolated from agkistrodon acutus venom. agkaggregin has an apparent molecular mass of about 28 kda and consists of two different types of subunits, an alpha-subunit (approximately 15 kda) and a beta-subunit (approximately 14 kda). agkaggregin has the ability to induce platelet aggregation at concentrations of the order of nanomoles. the agkaggregin crystals grew for nearly a year by hanging-drop vapour diffusion and belong to the i2 ... | 2002 | 11914494 |
| [radiolabelling and assay of chinese agkistrodon acutus venom with carrier-free na 125i]. | chinese agkistroden acutus venom (caav) was radiolabelled with carrier-free na 125i by the method of iodogen. the specific activity and radiochemical purity for radiolabelled products were 4236.5 x 10(10) bq/mmol and 98%, respectively. each caav molecule carried 0.52 125i atom. physical and chemical characterization of radiolabelled caav was similar to unradiolabelled caav. binding analysis showed that 125i-caav was bound to platelet in a saturable manner. binding sites per platelet were 13,255 ... | 1995 | 7657328 |
| identification of effective component from a traditional herbal medicine and the inhibitory effects on experimental glomerular lesion in mice. | effective constituents for renal disease were partially purified from a herbal prescription. the efficacy on renal diseases was examined using an experimental model system of glomerular lesion in mice induced by agkistrodon acutus venom (ac1-p). the extract of boiling water of the herbal prescription (p-3) was first fractionated by ether into an acidic fraction and a mixture of basic and neutral fractions. the acidic fraction was proved to be more effective and then further examined by thin laye ... | 1992 | 1558873 |
| separation and identification of proteins obtained from agkistrodon acutus snake venom by capillary zone electrophoresis and laser desorption/ionization mass monitoring. | fractions of seven protein principles with fibrinolytic or thrombin-like activities obtained from agkistrodon acutus snake venom purified by two steps of normal pressure chromatography were separated further by capillary zone electrophoresis (cze). mass determination for these fractions were achieved by performing laser desorption/ionization mass monitoring (ldim). the comparative study between cze and ldim on the separation of these fractions was made. | 2011 | 8075526 |
| ca(ii)- and tb(iii)-induced stabilization and refolding of anticoagulation factor i from the venom of agkistrodon acutus. | anticoagulation factor i (acf i) isolated from the venom of agkistrodon acutus is an activated coagulation factor x-binding protein in a ca(2+)-dependent fashion with marked anticoagulant activity. the equilibrium unfolding/refolding of apo-acf i, holo-acf i, and tb(3+)-reconstituted acf i in guanidine hydrochloride (gdnhcl) solutions was studied by following the fluorescence and circular dichroism. metal ions were found to increase the structural stability of acf i against gdnhcl and thermal de ... | 2002 | 11910037 |
| metal ion-induced stabilization and refolding of anticoagulation factor ii from the venom of agkistrodon acutus. | anticoagulation factor ii (acf ii) isolated from the venom of agkistrodon acutus is an activated coagulation factor x-binding protein in a ca(2+)-dependent fashion with marked anticoagulant activity. the equilibrium unfolding/refolding of apo-acf ii, holo-acf ii, and tb(3+)-reconstituted acf ii in guanidine hydrochloride (gdnhcl) solutions was studied by following the fluorescence and circular dichroism (cd). metal ions were found to increase the structural stability of acf ii against gdnhcl and ... | 2002 | 11888270 |
| structure of an acidic phospholipase a2 from the venom of deinagkistrodon acutus. | an acidic phospholipase a(2) was purified from deinagkistrodon acutus (agkistrodon acutus) which displays an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme was determined by molecular replacement at 2.6 a resolution with a crystallographic r factor of 18.40% (r(free) = 22.50%) and reasonable stereochemistry. two molecules in the asymmetric unit form a dimer and the dimer formation accompanies a significant conformational adaptation of segment 14-23, a co ... | 2002 | 11752784 |
| the effect of calcium (ii) on the binding of anticoagulation factor i with activated coagulation factor x. | anticoagulation factor i (acf i) from the venom of agkistrodon acutus forms a 1:1 complex with activated coagulation factor x (fxa) in a ca2+-dependent fashion and thereby prolongs the clotting time. in the present study, the dependence of the binding of acf i with fxa on the concentration of ca2+ ions was quantitatively analyzed by hplc, and the result showed that the maximal binding of acf i to fxa occurred at concentration of ca2+ ions of about 1 mm. the binding of ca2+ ions to acf i was inve ... | 2001 | 11330346 |
| [isolation and purification of the active principle from agkistrodon acutus snake venom by high performance ion-exchange liquid chromatography]. | the active component from agkistrodon acutus snake venom was further purified by high performance ion-exchange liquid chromatography over a protein-pak deae-8hr column(10.0 mm i.d. x 100 mm). the elution was operated with a linear gradient from 10% to 100% nacl-0.02 mol/l tris-hcl buffer(ph 8.0). the quantitative results were calculated as 45.41% based on peak area nomalization and the purity of the active component was 90% determined by electrophoresis. | 1998 | 11327007 |
| purification and biochemical characterization of f ii(a), a fibrinolytic enzyme from agkistrodon acutus venom. | a fibrinolytic enzyme, f ii(a), was isolated from agkistrodon acutus venom by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. f ii(a) consisted of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 26,000 and an isoelectric point of 4.6. f ii(a) was shown to solubilize fibrin and fibrinogen. f ii(a) cleaved, primarily, the alpha chain of fibrinogen and fibrin followed by the beta chain, while the gamma chain was minimally affected. thus, the enzyme was an alpha,beta-fibrinogenase. the cleavag ... | 2001 | 11306123 |
| serine protease isoforms of deinagkistrodon acutus venom: cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. | the major coagulating fibrinogenase of deinagkistrdon acutus venom, designated acutobin, was purified by anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and reverse-phase hplc. approximately 80% of its protein sequence was determined by sequencing the various fragments derived from cnbr cleavage and digestion with endoprotease. extensive screening of the venom gland cdna species after amplification by pcr resulted in the isolation of four distinct cdna clones encoding acutobin and three other seri ... | 2001 | 11171091 |
| [phylogenetic relationships among viperidae, crotalinae based on mitochondrial 12s rrna sequence variations]. | this paper analyzed the phylogenetic relationships and classification of pit vipers (viperidae, crotalinae) based on mitochondrial 12s rrna gene sequence variations. we have sequenced mtdna 12s rrna gene about 370 bp fragment from gloydius saxatilis emelianov, gloydius shedaoensis zhao, gloydius ussurriensis (emelianov), trimeresurus stejnegeri schmidt and deinagkistrodon acutus, gloydius brevicaudus (stejneger) from two different localities, respectively. combined with the sequence of dinodon s ... | 2000 | 11147345 |
| characterization, crystallization and preliminary x--ray diffraction analysis of acutohaemolysin, a haemolytic toxin from agkistrodon acutus venom. | acutohaemolysin, a phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) from the venom of the snake agkistrodon acutus, has been isolated and purified to homogeneity by anion-exchange chromatography on a deae-sepharose column followed by cation-exchange chromatography on a cm-sepharose column. it is an alkaline protein with an isoelectric point of 10.5 and is comprised of a single polypeptide chain of 13 938 da. its n-terminal amino-acid sequence shows very high similarity to lys49-type pla(2) proteins from other snake ... | 2000 | 10930841 |
| purification and characterization of anticoagulation factors from the venom of agkistrodon acutus. | two anticoagulants from five-pace snake (agkistrodon acutus) venom, anticoagulation factor i (acf i) and anticoagulation factor ii (acf ii), have been purified by a multiple-step chromatography procedure of anion-exchange chromatography, gel permeation chromatography and cation-exchange chromatography. each of them is shown to be homogeneous as judged by page, sds-page and mass spectrometry. in vitro, both proteins show equivalent anticoagulant activity, and are devoid of proteolytic, esterolyti ... | 2000 | 10775752 |
| purification, cloning and sequence analyses for pro-metalloprotease-disintegrin variants from deinagkistrodon acutus venom and subclassification of the small venom metalloproteases. | acidic and basic hemorrhagic metalloproteases were purified from the venom of deinagkistrodon acutus (from fujian province, china) using gel filtration and anion exchange on fplc and reversed-phase hplc. their hemorrhagic activities and n-terminal sequences were characterized. extensive screening of the venom gland cdna after pcr amplification resulted in the identification and sequencing of a total of seven cdna clones encoding the multidomain precursors of six acidic and one alkaline low molec ... | 2000 | 10691973 |
| glycoprotein ib-binding protein from the venom of deinagkistrodon acutus--cdna sequence, functional characterization, and three-dimensional modeling. | agkicetin-c, a potent glycoprotein ib antagonist from the venom of the chinese pit viper, deinagkistrodon acutus, has been purified and characterized (5). it is a disulfide-linked heterodimer containing subunits of 132 and of 123 amino acid residues. herein, the complete amino acid sequences were resolved by cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the cdnas. the sequences of its subunits are homologous to those of other snake venom proteins of the c-type (ca2+-dependent) lectin superfamily. a three ... | 2000 | 10669165 |
| purification, characterization, and cdna cloning of a new fibrinogenlytic venom protein, agkisacutacin, from agkistrodon acutus venom. | agkisacutacin is a new fibrinogenlytic protein from agkistrodon acutus venom. it consists of two heterologous subunits linked by an intersubunit disulfide bond. the cdnas encoding the two chains of agkisacutacin were cloned from a lambdagt11 cdna library of the snake venom gland and sequenced, including the leader peptides (23/23 amino acid residues) and mature subunits (129/123 amino acid residues). it is structurally related to the family of ix/x-binding protein (ix/x-bp)-like proteins and sho ... | 1999 | 10558903 |
| structure of acutolysin-c, a haemorrhagic toxin from the venom of agkistrodon acutus, providing further evidence for the mechanism of the ph-dependent proteolytic reaction of zinc metalloproteinases. | the structure of acutolysin-c, a haemorrhagic zinc metalloproteinase from the venom of agkistrodon acutus, has been analyzed and refined at 2.2 a resolution. the space group of the crystal is p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell dimensions a = 46.84, b = 49.52, c = 95.34 a. one molecule was found in each asymmetric unit. the phasing problem was solved by the molecular-replacement program amore. crystallographic refinement was performed using x-plor, leading to final r and free r factors of 0.176 and 0. ... | 1999 | 10531480 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cdna encoding haemorrhagic toxin acutolysin a from agkistrodon acutus. | by means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, a full-length cdna of 1632 bp is amplified from the snake venom gland total rna of agkistrodon acutus. analysis of the nucleotide sequence indicates that the amplified cdna contains a complete open reading frame encoding 413 amino acid residues including signal peptide sequence, zymogen sequence and proteinase domain. the zymogen sequence contains pkmcgvt motif which is highly conserved in almost all venom metalloproteinases. the metal ... | 1999 | 10482389 |
| cdna cloning and sequence analysis of lys-49 phospholipase a2 from agkistrodon acutus. | total rna was extracted from venom glands of agkistrodon acutus. the cdna encoding lys-49 phospholipase a2 (pla2) was amplified by reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the cdna was cloned into the pgemt-vector and sequenced. the open reading frame (orf) of lys-49 pla2 consists of 414 bp encoding 138 amino acids, which includes a signal peptide of 16 amino acids and a matured peptide of 122 amino acids. it shows 76% identity in amino acids with another reported lys-49 pla2. ... | 1999 | 10084123 |
| crystal structures of acutolysin a, a three-disulfide hemorrhagic zinc metalloproteinase from the snake venom of agkistrodon acutus. | acutolysin a alias aahi, a 22 kda hemorrhagic toxin isolated from the snake venom of agkistrodon acutus, is a member of the adamalysin subfamily of the metzincin family and is a snake venom zinc metalloproteinase possessing only one catalytic domain. acutolysin a was found to have a high-activity and a low-activity under weakly alkaline and acidic conditions, respectively. with the adamalysin ii structure as the initial trial-and-error model, the crystal structures were solved to the final cryst ... | 1998 | 9784374 |
| crystal structure determination of alkaline haemorrhagin aah iii from snake venom of agkistrodon acutus. | the haemorrhagin aah iii isolated from the snake venom of agkistrodon acutus is one of the few alkaline ones in snake venoms. its crystals belong to space group p2(1)2(1)2(1) with a = 9. 573 4 nm, b = 4. 996 7 nm and c = 4.728 8 nm. its crystal structure was determined by the molecular replacement method according to the model of metalloproteinase adamalysin ii from eastern rattlesnake venom. the aah iii structure has been refined by prolsq. the final r factor was 0.254 and the rms deviations of ... | 1997 | 18762873 |
| lys-49 phospholipase a2 homologs from venoms of deinagkistrodon acutus and trimeresurus mucrosquamatus have identical protein sequence. | the complete amino acid sequences of the lys-49 pla2s from the venom of deinagkistrodon acutus (from taiwan and china) and trimeresurus mucrosquamatus (taiwan habu) were solved by a facile cdna cloning and sequencing method. the deduced amino acid sequences of the lys-49 pla2s of both venoms are identical, suggesting close phylogenic relationship between this two snake species of different genera. in addition, by cloning and cdna sequencing, the mrna coding for a arg-49 pla2 homolog of low expre ... | 1996 | 8735248 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of haemorrhagin iv from the snake venom of agkistrodon acutus. | haemorrhagin iv, a medium molecular weight haemorrhagin from the snake venom of agkistrodon acutus (aahiv), has been purified and crystallized. the molecular weight and isoelectric point of aahiv are 44 kda and pi 5.0, respectively. the crystal belongs to space group c222(1) with unit-cell dimensions of a = 124.2, b = 114.5, c = 98.4 a, and could o diffract x-rays to 3.0 a, resolution. there are one or two molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. | 1996 | 15299713 |