| color vision of the female stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans. | | 1968 | 5655801 |
| activity of parasites from diptera: musca domestica, stomoxys calcitrans, and species of fannia, muscina, and ophyra. ii. at sites in the eastern hemisphere and pacific area. | | 1968 | 5758059 |
| battery-powered, electrocuting trap for stable flies (diptera: muscidae). | a solar-charged, battery-powered, electrocuting grid was combined with a white plywood base to make a portable, pulsed-current, pest-electrocuting device that attracted and killed stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), outdoors. the grid was powered once every 1-2 s by a 0.016-s pulse of 60-hz alternating current of 4 ma and 9,500 v. power was turned off at night by a photoresistor. the trap functioned continuously for 14 d with an unrecharged 12-v, 18a/h lawn-tractor battery and killed as many ... | 1991 | 1770518 |
| electron microscopy of the contact chemoreceptors of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae). | | 1965 | 5836876 |
| transmission of dermatophilus congolensis by stomoxys calcitrans and musca domestica. | | 1966 | 5959398 |
| [possibilities of using polychlorpinene for control of house flies (musca domestica l.) and stomoxys calcitrans l. in cattle-breeding farms]. | | 1966 | 6012364 |
| fine structure of the tip of chemosensitive hairs in two blow flies and the stable fly. | | 1967 | 6062911 |
| synergistic effect of two stimulants to induce probing in stomoxys calcitrans (l.). | | 1967 | 6074947 |
| binomial sampling for pest management of stable flies (diptera: muscidae) that attack dairy cattle. | a binomial sampling plan for pest management of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), was developed. counts of stable flies on front legs of the same animal were independent and each leg from the same animal was considered a sample unit. the relationship between the mean number of flies per leg and the variance was determined and did not vary among farms. the relationship between the mean number of flies per leg and the proportion of legs with zero, one or less, and two or less flies (p0, p1 ... | 1992 | 1607474 |
| mechanical transmission of equine infectious anemia virus by deer flies (chrysops flavidus) and stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans). | | 1983 | 6297339 |
| immunological and feeding studies on antigens derived from the biting fly, stomoxys calcitrans. | pairs of rabbits were immunised with three antigenic preparations derived from stomoxys calcitrans gut, abdominal section and whole flies. immunoblotting studies demonstrated that a humoral response was mounted against eight antigens from the gut preparation and 12 each from the abdominal and whole fly preparations. in vitro feeding experiments showed higher mortality between days 4 and 7 in the group of flies which had fed upon blood from rabbits inoculated with the gut derived antigen. this gr ... | 1992 | 1441185 |
| comparative study of hemocytes and associated cells of some medically important dipterans. | the aim of this work is to study, characterize, and compare different morphological types of hemocytes of glossina austeni, g. morsitans, calliphora erythrocephala, stomoxys calcitrans, lucilia sericata, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus. this information is intended to provide a basis for future studies of the cellular defense mechanisms of these dipterans. seven morphological types of hemocytes were identified by phase-contrast optics: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, thrombocytoids, granu ... | 1982 | 6764649 |
| effects of stable flies (diptera: muscidae) and heat stress on weight gain and feed efficiency of feeder cattle. | cattle respond to the feeding of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), by bunching to protect their front legs. this bunching can increase heat stress which indirectly accounts for much of the reduction in cattle weight gains. we used fly-screened, self-contained feedlot pens which allowed regulation of fly populations feeding on cattle. the indirect fly effects (bunching and heat stress) accounted for 71.5% of the reduced weight gain. the direct effect of the biting flies and energy loss invo ... | 1992 | 1401484 |
| [determination of thermal requirements of stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera, muscidae), under laboratory conditions]. | the biology of immature stages of stomoxys calcitrans (l.) was studied in the laboratory under four constant temperatures. the study was carried out in biological incubators at 20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees c; 65 +/- 10% relative humidity and 14 hours of photophase. the most favorable temperature for developing eggs, larval and pupal was 25 degrees c, while 35 degrees c proved to be harmful for a normal developing of s. calcitrans in larval stage. the incubation periods for egg were 69.90, 42.58, 26 ... | 1992 | 1343786 |
| flies associated with cattle in south west scotland during the summer months. | the sheep headfly, hydrotaea irritans, and morellia simplex were the species most frequently associated with cattle at pasture and comprised 69.01 per cent and 13.93 per cent, respectively, of the total fly collection made from grazing cattle. the most prevalent biting fly was haematobosca stimulans which comprised 4.46 per cent of the total catch. a few clegs, haematopota pluvialis, and horse flies, hybomitra distinguenda, were also recorded. a few of the headflies swarming around cattle entere ... | 1981 | 7244374 |
| [the absolute number of the stable fly (stomoxys calcitrans) in the buildings of dairy farms]. | in order to estimate the absolute number of stomoxys calcitrans subpopulation in housings of a dairy farm the capture-mark-recapture method has been used. it has been established that the absolute number of s. calcitrans subpopulation can be as high as 100,000 specimens per a farmyard. the possibilities of using indices of the relative number of flies (caught on fly-paper) for estimation of the absolute number of these insects in the housings of farms have been found out. | 1992 | 1297972 |
| [horn fly (muscidae) fauna and ecology in the area of the baikal-amur mainline]. | 4 species of horn flies were recorded from the territory of the baikal-amur railway: stomoxys calcitrans, haematobia stimulans, lyperosia irritans and lyperosia titillans. the autumn horn fly was found to be most widespread and dangerous. it was especially abundant in priamurje, in the zone of the monsoon climate, where it behaves as a typical pasture species. the behaviour, daily and seasonal dynamics and flight duration (90 to 150 days) of horn flies changes noticeably depending on natural con ... | 1981 | 7279439 |
| attempts to transmit anaplasma marginale with hippobosca rufipes and stomoxys calcitrans. | three attempts to transmit anaplasmosis with field collections of hippobosca rufipes were unsuccessful, despite the fact that the flies had been fed initially on splenectomized cattle acutely infected with anaplasma marginale. however, 1 out of the 3 attempts, made concurrently with the others, to transmit this organism with stomoxys calcitrans was successful. the prepatent period was 27 days. | 1981 | 7312304 |
| control of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae), on st. croix, u.s. virgin islands, using integrated pest management measures. i. feasibility of sterile male releases. | | 1981 | 7328605 |
| control of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae), on st. croix, u.s. virgin islands, using integrated pest management measures. ii. mass rearing and sterilization. | | 1981 | 7328606 |
| control of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae), on st. croix, u.s. virgin islands, using integrated pest management measures. iii. field techniques and population control. | | 1981 | 7328607 |
| physiological age determination in female stomoxys calcitrans linnaeus (diptera: muscidae). | the primary sex organs of female stomoxys calcitrans consist of a single pair of ovaries, each containing 80-100 polytrophic ovarioles. a natural population of these females can be grouped according to age into different reproductive categories. the technique described below defines these categories and enables one to distinguish between newly-emerged, nulliparous and uniparous females and females that have reproduced twice (biparous) or more (pauciparous). | 1980 | 7413165 |
| a field trial to determine the effect of fly control using permethrin on milk yields in dairy cattle in the uk. | permethrin, applied by knapsack sprayer or spray arch, was used to control flies on cattle in two dairy herds in the united kingdom. the spray washes were applied at nominal rates of 0.5 litre of 0.1 per cent permethrin per animal and 1.0 litre of 0.05 per cent permethrin per animal respectively. the individual milk yields of two groups of cows were recorded before and after treatment. in both cases there was a significant increase in milk yield after treatment. the mean yield per cow per day du ... | 1980 | 7445328 |
| field trials to assess the efficacy of permethrin for the control of flies on cattle. | permethrin [3-phenoxybenzyl (+/-) cis, trans--2,2dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) cyclopropane-1-carboxylate], a new synthetic pyrethroid, was applied to cattle on farms in the united kingdom to assess its efficacy in fly control under field conditions. when 250 ml 0.1 per cent permethrin was applied to the backs of cattle using a knapsack sprayer, adequate control of horn flies, haematobia irritans, was achieved for over three weeks. application of 500 ml 0.1 per cent all over each animal gave on ... | 1980 | 7445329 |
| the temperature preferences of the motile stages of stomoxys calcitrans linnaeus (diptera: muscidae). | when adult stomoxys calcitrans were exposed to a temperature gradient, 66% of them selected temperatures between 20, 1 and 32, 5 degrees c. the larval stages preferred temperatures between 19, 5 and 33, 2 degrees c. although the differences in the temperature preferences of the different larval stages were not significant, the fully-fed larvae appear to prefer slightly cooler conditions than the feeding stages. the temperature preferences of both the adults and the larvae are not influenced by t ... | 1980 | 7454236 |
| the intracellular pathway and kinetics of digestive enzyme secretion in an insect midgut cell. | the opaque zone cells of the midgut of the stablefly, stomoxys calcitrans display a cyclical series of ultrastructural events in response to feeding, which it has been suggested are related to the synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes. these cells have been studied in vivo using a combination of biochemical, morphometric and electron microscopical autoradiographic techniques. the cyclical nature, timing and relationship of the ultrastructural events to enzyme secretion has been confirmed. ... | 1989 | 2772906 |
| structural characterization of muscles and epithelial sheaths of the oviduct of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae). | fine structure of both muscle and epithelial cells in the oviduct of stomoxys calcitrans (l.) was characterized. each tubular section of the oviduct consisted of an inner epithelial sheath enveloped by an outer network of muscle fibers that showed noticeable variation in cross-sectional thickness. some regions consisted of a single cellular layer, whereas others were composed of two or more layers of cells. moreover, a wide variation in muscle fiber orientation was observed, with some cells appe ... | 1995 | 7616524 |
| temperature and population density effects on feeding activity of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) on cattle. | the relationship of population density and temperature to feeding activity of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), on cattle was studied by placing cattle in constant temperature chambers with controlled fly density and temperature. the number of flies per front leg declined within hours after release but increased with fly density and temperature. the time flies spent on the host during a 5.5-h exposure period ranged from < 2.5 min at temperature < 16 degrees c to > 34 min when temperature w ... | 1995 | 7650712 |
| biology and control of tabanids, stable flies and horn flies. | tabanids are among the most free-living adult flies which play a role as livestock pests. a single blood meal is used as a source of energy for egg production (100-1,000 eggs per meal), and females of certain species can oviposit before a blood meal is obtained (autogeny). therefore, the maintenance of annual populations requires successful oviposition by only 2% of females. wild animal blood sources are usually available to maintain annual tabanid populations. larval habitats are also independe ... | 1994 | 7711307 |
| [the absolute count of the housefly (musca domestica) and the stable fly (stomoxys calcitrans) in buildings for cattle]. | the direct correlative dependence between indices of absolute and relative number of two fly species calculated by peterson's method is shown. the way of calculation of the absolute number of m. domestica and s. calcitrans and the receipt of the selection from subpopulations, which take in account peculiarities of adult fly distribution in different technological regimes of cattle keeping, peculiarities of daily activity and influence of temperature-photo factors on imago, are proposed. the atte ... | 1994 | 7816502 |
| the ability of stomoxys calcitrans and mechanical means to transmit trypanosoma (brucei) evansi from goats to camels in kenya. | | 1994 | 7831761 |
| overwintering of the stable fly (diptera: muscidae) in southeastern nebraska. | adult stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), were monitored during three winters at two, four, and 13 locations with alsynite fiberglass traps and by examination of the interiors of buildings. no stable flies were found inside buildings during the winter. adult stable flies were consistently caught on alsynite traps at one location during two winters and at two other locations during one winter. distribution and physiological age of these flies indicate that they emerged from pupae that had dev ... | 1994 | 7836614 |
| isolation and characterization of a diuretic peptide common to the house fly and stable fly. | an identical crf-related diuretic peptide (musca-dp) was isolated and characterized from whole-body extracts of the house fly, musca domestica, and stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans. the peptide stimulates cyclic amp production in manduca sexta malpighian tubules and increases the rate of fluid secretion by isolated musca domestica tubules. the 44-residue peptide, with a mol.wt. of 5180, is amidated, and has the primary structure: nkpslsivnpldvlrqrllleiarrqmkentrqvelnrailknv-nh2. musca-dp has a hi ... | 1994 | 7991460 |
| vector control by removal trapping. | the classic approach to vector control where large tracts of land are treated with an insecticide has many shortcomings. these include high cost, chemical resistance of target species to many of the widely used insecticides, a lack of public acceptance, and the detrimental effect of sprays on nontarget species. removal trapping, the use of visual, auditory, and olfactory attractants to lure target species into small areas where they are killed, has recently received well-deserved attention as a ... | 1994 | 8024078 |
| inundative releases of pteromalid parasitoids (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) for the control of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae) at confined cattle installations in west central nebraska. | fly pupal parasitoids, primarily muscidifurax raptor girault and sanders and spalangia nigroaenea curtis, purchased from commercial insectaries, failed to reduce numbers of stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), significantly despite weekly releases of high numbers at one feedlot and one dairy during 1990 and a different feedlot and dairy in 1991. parasitoid emergence from stable fly puparia were not significantly greater in the confinements where releases were made compared with confinements whe ... | 1994 | 8027475 |
| retention and attempted mechanical transmission of ehrlichia risticii by stomoxys calcitrans. | the ability of adult stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae) to retain viable ehrlichia risticii (rickettsiaceae), the aetiologic agent of potomac horse fever (phf), and mechanically transmit the pathogen from citrated bovine blood artificially infected with e. risticii to susceptible mice was studied. viable e. risticii were found in the digestive tract of s. calcitrans 3 h after the flies had engorged to repletion on infected blood; however, no e. risticii were detected in flies > or = 2 ... | 1994 | 8161843 |
| solar-powered electrocuting trap for controlling house flies and stable flies (diptera: muscidae). | a portable trap was constructed that was visually attractive to house flies, musca domestica l., and stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), outdoors. the trap was made of a white and yellow pyramid placed on top of a white vertical base that had large cutouts in each side. attracted flies were killed by means of solar-powered electrocuting grids. three traps killed an average of 1,360 house flies and 1,190 stable flies per day at a manure dump and were effective in attracting flies under both c ... | 1993 | 8254633 |
| why is alsynite fiber glass sheet attractive to stable flies? optical and behavioural studies. | the fiber glass material alsynite (sequentia corporation) is known to be an effective visual attractant to stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans. the basis for this attractiveness is not certain, but is found to correlate with high near-uv reflectivity. while examining the transmission properties of alsynite, it was found that the ratio of short- to long-wavelength photons shifts from 0.17 to 0.77, depending on the angle of the alsynite relative to the source and the detector. this shift occurs sudd ... | 1989 | 2776864 |
| mechanical transmission of capripox virus and african swine fever virus by stomoxys calcitrans. | stomoxys calcitrans can act as an efficient mechanical vector of capripox virus and african swine fever virus. capripox virus was transmitted to a susceptible goat by flies infected 24 hours previously and the virus survived in some flies for at least four days. african swine fever virus was transmitted to susceptible pigs by flies infected one hour and 24 hours previously and the virus survived in these flies for at least two days without apparent loss of titre. | 1987 | 2820006 |
| description and biology of trichopria painteri n.sp. (hymenoptera: diapriidae), a solitary parasitoid of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) from harare, zimbabwe. | taxonomic description and life history are given of trichopria painteri n.sp. (hymenoptera: diapriidae), a solitary endoparasitoid that emerged from stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae) pupae collected at an agricultural installation near harare, zimbabwe, africa. although its low level of parasitism. high immature mortality and short adult life span would require augmentative releases of t.painteri, this parasitoid could reduce isolated field populations of s.calcitrans to an acceptable ... | 1993 | 8268491 |
| on the transmissibility of eperythrozoon suis by stomoxys calcitrans and aedes aegypti. | the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (linnaeus), and the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti (linnaeus), were utilized to determine their capability to transmit eperythrozoon suis splitter between swine. three groups of each insect in each trial were allowed to feed on a pig previously infected with e. suis and then transferred to susceptible splenectomized pigs. as a control, one group of each insect was fed on a non-infected pig and then transferred to a susceptible pig. stable flies were tran ... | 1993 | 8291187 |
| diethylphenylacetamide: a new insect repellent against stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans. | this paper reports the results of a laboratory study showing effectiveness of a new insect repellent n,n-diethylphenylacetamide (depa) against stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans, and compared to n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) and dimethyl-phthalate (dmp). depa gave maximum protection time of more than 6 h at 3% concentration followed by deet and dmp. | 1993 | 8369560 |
| average daily gains of brahman-crossbred and english x exotic feeder heifers exposed to low, medium, and high levels of stable flies (diptera: muscidae). | brahman-crossbred and english x exotic feeder heifers were exposed to low (5 per leg), medium (12 per leg), and high (30 per leg) stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), population levels to test relative tolerance of these cattle breeds to stable flies. the brahman-crossbred heifers were tolerant to stable flies only when they were 12-13 mo old. at the same age, the english x exotic heifers sustained reductions in average daily gain (adg) at all three stable fly population levels of 0.22 kg/d (11 ... | 1993 | 8376651 |
| horse-baited insect trap and mobile insect sorting table used in a disease vector identification study. | a horse-baited trap and a mobile insect sorting table were used to conduct an arthropod survey for potential vectors of potomac horse fever in southern maryland and northern virginia. the trap and table worked effectively for the live collection and sorting of haemophagous diptera such as: simulium spp., stomoxys calcitrans, musca autumnalis, tabanus spp. and chrysops spp. during the diurnal collections periods, and culicoides spp. during the crepuscular periods. the trap was not as convenient f ... | 1988 | 2906356 |
| population dynamics of some synanthropic fly species in different habitats in buraydah, saudi arabia. | the population dynamics of five synanthropic fly species, chrysomyia rufifacies, musca d. domestica muscina stabulans f. sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis, and stomoxys calcitrans, were studied at three different habitats in buraydah, saudi arabia. the chosen habitats were the slaughter house, the cattle market and the rubbish dumps. the number of flies caught per twenty sticky bands was taken monthly, for a whole year, as an index to the fly population at that habitat during that month. m. d. domestic ... | 1993 | 8482859 |
| spread of lumpy skin disease in israeli dairy herds. | fourteen of the 17 dairy herds in peduyim, an israeli village, became infected with lumpy skin disease during a period of 37 days in august and september 1989. one cow in one neighbouring village and four cows in another neighbouring village also became infected, probably through being treated by a veterinarian who treated cows in peduyim. circumstantial evidence suggests that the original infection was brought to peduyim and spread by stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans) carried by the wind from ... | 1995 | 8533249 |
| urine delivery of cyromazine for suppressing house and stable flies (diptera: muscidae) in outdoor dairy calf hutches. | in a series of 4 trials, dairy calves housed in outdoor hutches were administered technical cyromazine daily at rates of 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg body weight. cyromazine was excreted primarily in the urine. the 2 highest rates prevented the development of immature stages of both the house fly, musca domestica l., and the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.). analysis of calf body tissues for cyromazine and its metabolite, melamine, indicated that highest combined residues ( < or = 0.35 ppm) we ... | 1996 | 8642111 |
| population genetics and gene variation of stable fly populations (diptera:muscidae) in nebraska. | genetic variation in stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), populations from nebraska, canada, and texas was sampled. four of 12 allozyme loci were polymorphic, with an average of 1.7 alleles per locus. observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.086 and 0.070, respectively. nei's genetic distance between populations averaged 0.001 and ranged from 0.000 to 0.005. wright's f statistics revealed greater variation within than among populations. allele frequencies were homogeneous among temporal sa ... | 1996 | 8667389 |
| localization of myosuppressinlike peptides in the hypocerebral ganglion of two blood-feeding flies: horn fly and stable fly (diptera:muscidae). | the insect peptides leucomyosuppressin (pedvdhvflrfamide) and dromyosuppressin (tdvdhvflrfamide) have identical chemical sequences with the exception of the n-terminal amino acid; both inhibit spontaneous contraction of insect visceral muscles. neurons in the hypocerebral ganglion of horn fly, hematobia irritans (l.), and stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), were found to contain material immunoreactive to antiserum produced against the c-terminal of leucomyosuppressin, but not to the n-termina ... | 1996 | 8667397 |
| structural characterization of peripheral nerve cells and nerve-muscle junctions of the oviduct of stable fly (diptera:muscidae). | fine structure of both peripheral nerve cells and neuromuscular junctions associated with the oviduct of stable fly. stomoxys calcitrans (l.), was described. twelve or more multipolar peripheral neurons were found along major branch nerves that enter the ovipositor. several were suspended in the haemacoel and others were in close proximity to the surface of the oviduct. some peripheral neurons contained an abundance of neurosecretory granules that ranged in size from 32 to 180 nm in diameter. no ... | 1996 | 8667400 |
| are stable flies (diptera: stomoxyinae) vectors of trypanosoma vivax in the central african republic? | the epidemiology of trypanosoma vivax infections was studied at a riverside site in the ouro-djafoun livestock area situated in the central african republic during the period between july 1991 and july 1992. this paper examines the possibility that stable flies (diptera: stomoxyinae) were also vectors of this trypanosome species in a non-cyclic way. previous studies have revealed that the usual cyclic transmission by the tsetse fly glossina fuscipes fuscipes was probably not the only transmissio ... | 1996 | 8721295 |
| skin lesions in dogs, horses and calves caused by the stable fly stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae). | specific skin lesions caused by stomoxys calcitrans on the feeding sites of different species are described. skin lesions appeared on dogs, horses and calves following bites of stable flies. necrotic dermatitis was observed in 32 dogs of various breeds at the tip of the ears. exudative dermatitis appeared on the legs of 45 adult horses and dermatitis was diagnosed in the "hair whirlpools" on the backs of 18 white calves. | 1995 | 8734229 |
| toxic effect of ethanolic extract of nerium oleander (apocynaceae) leaves against different developmental stages of muscina stabulans (diptera-muscidae). | nerium oleander (apocynaceae) is evergreen shrubs widely used for ornamental purpose in mediterranean region. the present investigation, revealed for the first time the insecticidal effect of ethanolic extract from leaves of this plant against 2nd instar larvae of the medically important false stable fly muscina stabulans (diptera: muscidae). lc50 of the extract was 113.66 ppm. this dose delayed larval and pupal duration suppressed oviposition and decreased adult longevity of the survivors. morp ... | 1996 | 8754654 |
| an immunocytochemical investigation of trypsin secretion in the midgut of the stablefly, stomoxys calcitrans. | musca domestica trypsin antibody cross-reacts with polypeptide bands of m(r) 25,000 and 30,000 showing proteolytic activity from stomoxys calcitrans midgut extracts. secretory granules from the main enzyme-secreting region, the opaque zone, stained heavily with the trypsin antibody in both unfed and blood-fed flies. heterogeneous staining of granules suggests the unequal distribution of trypsin in secretory granules. this is also consistent with the occurrence of non-parallel secretion, which is ... | 1996 | 8763163 |
| stability of equine infectious anemia virus in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), stomoxys calcitrans (diptera:muscidae), and tabanus fuscicostatus (diptera:tabanidae) stored at -70 degrees c. | equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) was injected intrathoracically into aedes aegypti, stomoxys calcitrans, and tabanus fuscicostatus, and fed to ae. aegypti in suspensions of either artificial blood of eagle's minimum essential medium. insects were stored at -70 degrees c for up to 9 months before testing for the presence of eiav. the viral tissue culture titers detected from stored insects were similar to those from insects tested at time 0. | 1996 | 8827617 |
| phenylpropanoids as attractants for adult stomoxys calcitrans (diptera:muscidae). | rate of capture of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), on phenylpropanoid-baited and unbaited sticky traps was determined in tests conducted in a corn field and in grasses adjacent to a dairy farm. phenylpropanoid compounds significantly increased capture in 2 of 4 tests in corn. captures were highest with 3-phenyl-1-propanol, followed closely by hydrocinnamaldehyde (3-phenyl-1-propanal), and more distantly by cinnamyl alcohol. both sexes were trapped, although males predominated approximate ... | 1996 | 8840698 |
| early season dispersal of muscidifurax zaraptor (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) utilizing freeze-killed housefly pupae as hosts. | the pteromalid wasp, muscidifurax zaraptor kogan and legner, was released at three locations at a dairy in may before housefly and stable fly breeding had begun. freeze-killed housefly pupae were placed adjacent to the emerging parasites at biweekly intervals for a 6-week period. hosts placed out weeks 0 and 2 were heavily parasitized. decreased parasitism in hosts placed out at week 4 suggested that many of the m. zaraptor had dispersed or died. high parasitism of hosts placed in the field at w ... | 1988 | 2980169 |
| comparison of core sampling and pupal traps for monitoring immature stable flies and house flies (diptera: muscidae) in beef feedlot pens. | core samples and cylindrical pupal traps were used to monitor immature stages of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), and house fly, musca domestica l., from 5 sample areas in beef feedlot pens: the feed apron-soil interface, the back fence, the side (pen dividing) fence, the mound, and the general lot. one feedlot was sampled during 1986, two feedlots were sampled in 1987, and three samples were taken at random from each sample area on each sample date. core samples showed that both popula ... | 1996 | 8934827 |
| calculating economic injury levels for stable flies (diptera:muscidae) on feeder heifers. | a procedure for calculating the economic injury levels for stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), on feeder heifers was developed from reduction of average daily weight gain-stable fly population level data in 8 independent replicated experiments over 17 yr. a negative exponential was fitted to the data using nonlinear regression. regression coefficients were then used to derive a simple predictive equation for calculating the economic injury level in relation to cost of controlling stable flie ... | 1997 | 9071886 |
| pupal parasitoids (hymenoptera:pteromalidae) of filth flies (diptera:muscidae, calliphoridae) breeding in refuse and poultry and livestock manure in south korea. | five species of hymenopterous parasitoids were found parasitizing pupae of house flies, musca domestica l., in poultry and livestock facilities, refuse dump sites, and garbage dumpsters: spalangia nigroaenea curtis, s. nigra (latrielle), muscidifurax raptor girault & sanders, pachycrepoideus vindemiae (rondani), and nasonia vitripennis (walker). four hymenopterous parasitoids (s. nigroaenea, s. nigra, m. raptor and p. vindemiae) were recovered from the pupae of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans ... | 1997 | 9086716 |
| insect transmission of capripoxvirus. | capripoxvirus was transmitted between sheep using stomoxys calcitrans as a vector. attempts to transmit capripoxvirus between sheep and between goats using biting lice (mallophaga species), sucking lice (damalinia species), sheep head flies (hydrotaea irritans) and midges (culicoides nubeculosus) were unsuccessful, although capripoxvirus was isolated from sheep head flies that had previously fed on infected sheep. | 1986 | 3010413 |
| an improved alsynite trap for stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae). | | 1988 | 3193434 |
| effect on milk production of controlling muscid flies, and reducing fly-avoidance behaviour, by the use of fenvalerate ear tags during the dry period. | fenvalerate ear tags reduced fly loads on dry dairy cattle by 95% between july and september. fly dislodging behaviour, such as ear flicks which correlated with numbers of musca autumnalis on the face and stamps/kicks which correlated with numbers of stomoxys calcitrans on the legs, was also significantly reduced. there was no significant difference between the tagged and untagged groups in the total time spent grazing each day. milk yields were not statistically significantly different, but the ... | 1987 | 3597919 |
| importance of supercooling points in the overwintering of the horn fly and stable fly (diptera:muscidae). | supercooling points were determined for eggs, 3rd instars, pupae, newly emerged unfed adults and 3-d-old engorged laboratory reared adults of haematobia irritans (l.) and stomoxys calcitrans (l.). wild nondiapausing and diapausing pupae of h. irritans also were tested. mean supercooling points ranged from -28.0 degrees c for h. irritans eggs to -6.8 degrees c for h. irritans larvae. mean supercooling points of all h. irritans developmental stages were lower than those of comparable s. calcitrans ... | 1997 | 9220676 |
| observations on the mite fauna associated with adult stomoxys calcitrans in the u.k. | adult females of the blood-sucking muscid stomoxys calcitrans sampled between june and september 1993 from a cattle farm (n = 839) and from a pig farm (n = 542) in north-west england were examined for mites. twelve species of mites from ten families and three orders were identified as follows. in the prostigmata, eryenetes sp., family ereynetidae and pediculaster mesembrinae, family pygmephoridae. in the astigmata, procalvolia zacheri family saproglyphidae, acarus farris, family acaridae, bonomo ... | 1997 | 9226646 |
| [a stomoxys calcitrans outbreak on a dairy farm]. | in late summer and autumn of 1982 stomoxys calcitrans disturbed cattle on a dairy farm and scourged the people working there. both actively and passively stomoxys calcitrans got into the cowsheds from its nearby breeding sites on open silos. the successful fly control combined sanitary measures with the application of pyrethrum insecticide aerosol. | 1986 | 3717689 |
| midgut-specific immune molecules are produced by the blood-sucking insect stomoxys calcitrans. | we have cloned and sequenced two defensins, smd1 and smd2, from anterior midgut tissue of the blood-sucking fly stomoxys calcitrans. the dna and n-terminal protein sequences suggest both are produced as prepropeptides. smd1 differs from the classic defensin pattern in having an unusual six-amino acid-long n-terminal sequence. both smd1 and smd2 have lower pi points and charge than insect defensins derived from fat body/hemocytes. northern analysis shows both of these defensin molecules are tissu ... | 1997 | 9326639 |
| stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans, mouthpart removal influences stress and anticipatory responses in mice. | biting fly attack induces a variety of stress and anxiety related changes in the physiology and behaviour of the target animals. significant reductions in pain, or more appropriately, nociceptive sensitivity (latency of a foot-lifting response to an aversive thermal stimulus), are evident in laboratory mice after a 1 h exposure to stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans. the role of the various components of biting fly attack in the development of this stress-induced reduction in pain sensitivity (ana ... | 1997 | 9430107 |
| systemic activity of closantel for control of lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l.), on cattle. | cattle were treated once at 5 mg/kg orally or subcutaneously or daily at 0.1-5 mg/kg orally or 0.1-1 mg/kg subcutaneously with closantel, n-[5-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)cyanomethyl]-2-methylphenyl]-2-hydroxy-3, 5-diiodobenzamide, and numbers and weights of engorged females, weights of egg masses and hatch of eggs of lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum, were recorded. effectiveness of treatments on reproduction was determined by comparing total estimated larvae (el) (el = wt. egg mass x est. % ... | 1985 | 3870959 |
| cutaneous lesions on cattle caused by stable fly. | | 1972 | 4664371 |
| synthesis and endectocidal activity of novel 1-(arylsulfonyl)-1-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]methane derivatives. | we have recently synthesized a series of novel disulfonylmethane compounds that have shown anthelmintic and insecticidal (endectocidal) activity. several analogues have shown activity against the internal nematode haemonchus contortus. in sheep studies, these analogues have shown 100% control of this internal parasite at a 10 mg/kg rate. in vitro activity against the biting flies, stomoxys calcitrans and haematobia irritans, has been observed at rates as low as 25 and 2.3 ppm, respectively. only ... | 1998 | 9544209 |
| pruritus and dermal response to insect antigens in sheep infested with bovicola ovis. | this study examined the relationships among louse density, pruritus and dermal response to insect antigens in sheep infested with bovicola ovis. polypay and columbia ewes were allocated to two groups, infested and naive, and louse densities and pruritus were monitored for 15 months. ten months after the initial infestation, all sheep were tested for hypersensitivity on the midside and ears by intradermal injection of soluble extracts of b. ovis, stomoxys calcitrans and musca autumnalis. the area ... | 1998 | 9559360 |
| glycogen phosphorylase activity in pharate adults of the stable fly and the effects of a juvenile hormone analogue. | | 1973 | 4731650 |
| serum and skin surface antibodies and their associations with sheep biting lice, bovicola ovis, on experimentally infested sheep. | the sheep biting louse (bovicola ovis) feeds superficially on the skin of sheep but appears to stimulate an immune response. in this study we examined the association between louse infestation and serum and skin surface antibodies. louse numbers were monitored on experimentally infested polypay and columbia ewes for two years and on their lambs in the second year. serum and skin wash samples were tested for antibodies to soluble extracts of b. ovis, stomoxys calcitrans and musca autumnalis by en ... | 1998 | 9737599 |
| utilization of injected glucose by the tsetse fly (glossina) and the stable fly (stomoxys). | | 1972 | 5009196 |
| laboratory evaluation of compounds to determine juvenile hormone activity against the stable fly. | | 1972 | 5085792 |
| [development of the causative agent of deer setariasis in the organism of the stable fly (haematobia simulans)]. | | 1971 | 5166338 |
| ultrastructural localization of unique neurosecretory granules in the corpora cardiaca of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans, and the tsetse fly, glossina morsitans. | ultrastructural analysis of the corpora cardiaca of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans, and the tsetse fly, glossina morsitans, revealed the presence of elementary neurosecretory granules (eng) unique to the intrinsic neurosecretory cells (inc) of these species. in addition to electron-dense spheres, the inc of the corpus species. in addition to electron-dense spheres, the inc of the corpus cardiacum of the stable fly contain electrondense angular granules, either square or rectangular in shape ... | 1999 | 10322625 |
| use of who tsetse fly kit for determining resistance in the stable fly. | | 1965 | 5826353 |
| skin lesions and cattle hide damage from haematobia irritans infestations. | the horn fly haematobia irritans l. (diptera: muscidae) has recently spread to argentina and uruguay and is believed to cause damage to cattle hides. four groups of ten holstein steers each were maintained for 58 weeks under different infestation levels with h. irritans to determine if it was the cause of this problem. hides (chrome tanned) from steers maintained under minimum infestation level had 4.7 +/- 3.8% of the area damaged. maintaining the steers under low h. irritans level for the last ... | 1999 | 10514060 |
| evaluation of various substances to increase adult stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) collections on alsynite cylinder traps in north florida. | during 1993-1995, field studies evaluated various volatile substances to increase the catch of adult stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans l., on adhesive-coated translucent fiberglass (alsynite) cylinder traps. dry ice, 1-octen-3-ol (referred to as octenol), acetone, 4:1:8 mixture of 1 octen-3-ol: 3-n-propylphenol: 4-methylphenol, and an eye gnat (hippelates) attractant were tested. using dry ice as a baseline, the latter 4 treatments also were considered as possible alternatives to carbon dioxide. ... | 1999 | 10534955 |
| incorporation of [u-14c] palmitate into lipids by the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.). | the incorporation in vivo of [u-14c] palmitate into fat body lipids was studied in the blood feeding stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans. palmitate was rapidly esterified into triacylglycerol and after one-half h, nearly one third of the total recovered label was in the triacylglycerol fraction with a concomitant loss of radioactivity in the free fatty acids. the fat body, from one day sugar-water-fed flies incorporated more label into triacylglycerol than those from flies fed on blood. the present ... | 1982 | 6182855 |
| stable fly, house fly (diptera: muscidae), and other nuisance fly development in poultry litter associated with horticultural crop production. | poultry litter usage in horticultural crop production is a contributor to nuisance fly populations, in particular stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans l.) and house flies (musca domestica l.). extrapolation of adult emergence data suggests that approximately 1.5 million house flies and 0.2 million stable flies are emerging on average from every hectare of poultry litter applied as a preplant fertilizer for vegetable production in perth, western australia. to a lesser extent, sideband applications t ... | 1999 | 10633577 |
| porphyrins and related compounds as photoactivatable insecticides. 3. laboratory and field studies. | the exposure of populations of ceratitis capitata (fruit fly), bactrocera oleae (olive fly) and stomoxis calcitrans (house fly) to a bait containing mumolar concentrations of porphyrin-type photosensitizers resulted in a significant accumulation of the porphyrin by the insects and a consequent development of photosensitivity upon exposure to visible light. the photoinsecticidal activity appeared to increase with increasing hydrophobicity of the porphyrin molecule: thus, the amphiphilic dicationi ... | 2000 | 10687383 |
| effect of fluorescent dust color on the attractiveness of attractant self-marking devices to the stable fly (diptera: muscidae). | | 1984 | 6725745 |
| epidemiological and immunological studies of sweet itch in horses in israel. | a survey of sweet itch in horses in israel based on a questionnaire to owners reported that 158 of 723 horses (21.8 per cent) had sweet itch lesions. the results indicated that the likelihood of a horse acquiring sweet itch decreased with increasing altitude but no definite association with rainfall zones was evident. variation in the density of the horse population, however, obscured these observations. in the population surveyed, stallions were more sensitive than mares and pale horses appeare ... | 1983 | 6879963 |
| sunlight-activated insecticides: historical background and mechanisms of phototoxic activity. | several photosensitizing agents, which are activated by illumination with sunlight or artificial light sources, have been shown to be accumulated in significant amounts by a variety of insects when they are administered in association with suitable baits. the subsequent exposure of such insects to uv/visible light leads to a significant drop in survival. of the photosensitizers tested so far, xanthenes (e.g. phloxin b) and porphyrins (e.g. haematoporphyrin) appear to be endowed with the highest ... | 2000 | 10899458 |
| transformation of stomoxys calcitrans with a hermes gene vector. | the ability of the hermes transposable element to function as a germ line transformation vector was tested in the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans. plasmid-based transposable element mobility assays indicated moderate mobility of hermes in this species. germline transformants were created using a hermes element containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) under the regulatory control of the promoter from actin5c gene of drosophila melanogaster. approximately 4% of the fifty-five adult ... | 2000 | 11029672 |
| purification and characterization of chitinase from the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans. | | 1982 | 7103511 |
| molecular characterization of two serine proteases expressed in gut tissue of the african trypanosome vector, glossina morsitans morsitans. | serine proteases are major insect gut enzymes involved in digestion of dietary proteins, and in addition they have been implicated in the process of pathogen establishment in several vector insects. the medically important vector, tsetse fly (diptera:glossinidiae), is involved in the transmission of african trypanosomes, which cause devastating diseases in animals and humans. both the male and female tsetse can transmit trypanosomes and both are strict bloodfeeders throughout all stages of their ... | 2001 | 11240636 |
| reciprocal translocations and partial correlation of chromosomes in the stable fly. | an initial investigation of the genetics of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), is described. two recessive, autosomal mutants, carmine eye (ca) and rolled down wing (rd), were assigned to chromosomes 2 and 4, respectively. sex is apparently determined by a locus on chromosome 1. crossing over is restricted to females. six reciprocal translocations were induced with gamma radiation and used to assign ca and rd to their respective chromosomes. | 1981 | 7276509 |
| exposure to stable flies reduces spatial learning in mice: involvement of endogenous opioid systems. | biting flies influence both the physiology and behaviour of domestic and wild animals. this study demonstrates that relatively brief (60 min) exposure to stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), affects the spatial abilities of male mice. stable fly exposure resulted in poorer subsequent performance in a water maze task in which individual mice had to learn the spatial location of a submerged hidden platform using extramaze visual cues. determinations of spatial acquisition and retention were mad ... | 1995 | 7548949 |
| seasonal abundance of stable flies and house flies (diptera: muscidae) in dairies in alberta, canada. | seasonal abundance of stable flies and house flies was studied at four dairies in southern alberta, canada, from may to october in 1989, 1990, and 1991. stable flies were active from may to october in all years and showed population peaks in august and september. the weekly rate of change of stable fly populations was influenced by temperature and accumulated degree-days above 10 degrees c. the weekly rate of change of stable fly populations showed four peaks which were attributed to the emergen ... | 1993 | 8254636 |
| diptera as vectors of mycobacterial infections in cattle and pigs. | mycobacteria were isolated from 14 (4.5%) of 314 samples, containing 7791 adult diptera, which were collected in the czech republic and slovakia in 1997-2000. these flies were collected from three cattle herds with paratuberculosis, two pig herds with mycobacterial infections and one farm that kept both cattle and pigs and that did not have problems of mycobacterial infections. mycobacterium intracellulare was isolated from eristalis tenax linnaeus (diptera: syrphidae) captured from a pig herd. ... | 2001 | 11434556 |
| child neglect and forensic entomology. | close co-operation between forensic scientists, medico-legal doctors, and police forces made it possible to estimate not only the post-mortem interval but also the time since a child was neglected. on the skin surface under the diaper (anal-genital area), third instar larvae of the false stable fly muscina stabulans fallen, and the lesser house fly fannia canicularis l. were found. f. canicularis adults are attracted to both feces and urine. from the face, larvae of the bluebottle fly calliphora ... | 2001 | 11457624 |
| allozyme variation in stable flies (diptera: muscidae). | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to resolve allozymes in the cosmopolitan blood-feeding stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.). nineteen of 38 loci were polymorphic (53%). mean heterozygosities among all loci and among only polymorphic loci were 0.096 and 0.182, respectively. these gene diversity measures are about half those among other muscid diptera. variation in gene frequencies was examined in 10 natural stable fly populations from iowa and minnesota. gene frequencies were homogene ... | 1993 | 8259926 |
| effects of two blood-feeding regimes on mortality and female reproduction in a laboratory colony of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans. | stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans l.) deprived of a bloodmeal until 3 days post-emergence had higher mortality rates than control flies fed from the day of emergence. fat bodies of deprived females required one more bloodmeal to reach maximum size, and maximum size was smaller, than fat bodies of control females. ovarian development did not commence prior to feeding in deprived flies, and proceeded more slowly thereafter, resulting in a one blood-meal delay in egg maturation in deprived flies. d ... | 1993 | 8481526 |
| scheduled sanitation to reduce stable fly (diptera: muscidae) populations in beef cattle feedlots. | sanitation has been long recommended as a means of reducing stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), populations at cattle feedlots, but there is little published research to support this recommendation. in each of the 2 yr of this study, 4 feedlots received complete sanitation and 4 feedlots received no cleaning. the objective was to have the initial cleaning done before 1 june and then to reclean as needed every 2 wk thereafter. the feedlots that were cleaned had significantly fewer flies than th ... | 1996 | 8934824 |
| transcriptional expression of a putative tachykinin-like peptide receptor gene from stable fly. | stkr is a 4118 bp clone from a stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans, cdna library which encodes a protein with significant amino acid identity to tachykinin-like peptide receptors. ribonuclease protection assays and rt-pcr were utilized to examine the transcriptional expression of stkr from various life stages of the stable fly. stkr expression was detectable in all stages, but was most abundant in isolated adult fly gut and lowest in developing embryos. | 1997 | 9114446 |
| assessment of parasitism of house fly and stable fly (diptera: muscidae) pupae by pteromalid (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) parasitoids using a polymerase chain reaction assay. | the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of the ribosomal dna of house flies, musca domestica l., the stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), and four parasitoid species in the genus muscidifurax (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) were characterized to develop a method based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to better define the role of pteromalid parasitism of pupae of the house fly and stable fly. two parasitoid-specific primers were designed to anneal to the 5' end of the 5.8s rrna gene in ... | 2002 | 11931272 |