| overview of results from the watertox intercalibration and environmental testing phase ii program: part 1, statistical analysis of blind sample testing. | there is an urgent need to evaluate the presence of toxicants in waters used for human consumption and to develop strategies to reduce and prevent their contamination. the international development research centre undertook an intercalibration project to develop and validate a battery of bioassays for toxicity testing of water samples. the project was carried out in two phases by research institutions from eight countries that formed the watertox network. results for the first phase were reporte ... | 2002 | 12112631 |
| effects of microcin sf608 and microcystin-lr, two cyanotobacterial compounds produced by microcystis sp., on aquatic organisms. | effects of two cyanobacterial compounds, microcin sf608 and microcystin-lr, were investigated on different physiological parameters of two organisms, the water moss, vesicularia dubyana, and the waterflea, daphnia magna. both compounds are produced by microcystis species. microcystin-lr is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2a, and microcin sf608 inhibits serine proteases. other effects of microcystin-lr are well documented in the literature, but adverse effects of microcin sf608 h ... | 2002 | 12203963 |
| ecotoxicological assessment of leachates from mswi bottom ashes. | in this paper, chemical and ecotoxicological data of leachates from bottom ashes collected in different municipal solid waste incinerators (mswi) are shown. the bottom ashes were collected in belgium (three incinerators--samples b1 to b3), france, germany, italy and united kingdom (one incinerator in each country--samples f1, d1, i1 and uk1, respectively). both chemical and ecotoxicological characterizations of leachates were done on the framework of the european directive 91/689/eec and the eur ... | 2002 | 12214969 |
| acute toxicity, mutagenicity, and estrogenicity of biodegradation products of bisphenol-a. | biodegradation of bisphenol-a (bpa), which is known as an estrogenic chemical, proceeds via complicated metabolic routes and leads to formation of several kinds of biodegradation products. through the major route bpa can be completely mineralized; however, p-hydroxyacetophenone (p-hap), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (p-hbal), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-hba) are transiently accumulated at relatively high concentrations. on the other hand, degradation of bpa through the minor route tends to cause the ac ... | 2002 | 12242676 |
| microbial and cod removal in a municipal wastewater treatment plant using coagulation flocculation process. | this study was designed to improve the removal efficiency of cod, ss, and microorganism at the s. giovanni a teduccio municipal wastewater treatment plant, naples, italy. the plant consists of screen, sand grinder, oil removal, coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation units, hypochlorite disinfection, mechanical dewatering, and thermal sludge conditioning. a series of jar-test was conducted on twelve samples taken after screen using feso4 alone or together with ca(oh)2 at 100 rpm rapid mixing ... | 2002 | 12369640 |
| toxicity assays: a way for evaluating aops efficiency. | the technical feasibility and performance of photocatalytic degradation of aqueous methomyl (50 mg/l) have been studied at pilot scale in two well-defined systems of special interest because natural-solar uv light can be used: heterogeneous photocatalysis with titanium dioxide and homogeneous photocatalysis by photo-fenton. the pilot plant is made up of compound parabolic collectors specially designed for solar photocatalytic applications. experimental conditions allowed pesticide disappearance, ... | 2002 | 12420930 |
| a comparison of ecotoxicological tests. | a simple, inexpensive and rapid method of determining toxicity by using a bacterium as the indicator organism was developed and compared with 23 other tests. the average correlation coefficient when comparing these 23 tests with the present test was 0.800, ranging from 0.580 to 0.950. eleven of the tests were compared in detail by using 35 of the chemicals on the multicentre evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity list of test chemicals. comparing results from the present test with test results for ... | 2002 | 12432890 |
| qsar of ecotoxicological data on the basis of data-driven if-then-rules. | a rather small data matrix of seven chemicals and 17 different ecotoxicological end points is examined by methods of discrete mathematics. especially, the lattice theory and its variant, the formal concept analysis may be an attractive tool to analyze quantitative structure activity relationships, when a numerical functional approach is not at hand. the central item is the so called concept, which is a pair of subsets: a subset of molecules and a subset of properties which correspond to each oth ... | 2002 | 12463679 |
| assessment of the influence of use on ecotoxicological characteristics of synthetic ester lubricants. | synthetic ester lubricants need optimisation about their technical and their ecotoxicological characteristics. to determine the ecotoxicological potential the required examinations can be based on the procedure for a risk assessment of chemicals. at present risk classification of lubricant oils is carried out with new oil fluids that are normally prepared before application in aqueous bioassays. in order to improve the ecotoxicological characteristics of some lubricant oils, the quality of the p ... | 2002 | 12463681 |
| comparative study of four qsar models of aromatic compounds to aquatic organisms. | quantitative structure-activity relationships (qsars) were developed for 43 aromatic compounds toxicity to photobacterium phosphoreum and daphnia magna based on four methods: octanol/water partition coefficient, linear solvation energy relationship, molecular connectivity index and group contribution. through the evaluation of four qsar methods, lser was proved to be the best. and it applied to the widest range of chemicals with the greatest accuracy. | 2002 | 12491732 |
| statistical analysis of sediment toxicity by additive monotone regression splines. | modeling nonlinearity and thresholds in dose-effect relations is a major challenge, particularly in noisy data sets. here we show the utility of nonlinear regression with additive monotone regression splines. these splines lead almost automatically to the estimation of thresholds. we applied this novel method to explore the relation between the toxicity of aquatic sediments, as observed in bioassays with daphnia magna, chironomus riparius and vibrio fischeri, and the degree of contamination of t ... | 2002 | 12521140 |
| deriving freshwater quality criteria for 2,4-dichlorophenol for protection of aquatic life in china. | freshwater quality criteria for 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp) were developed with particular reference to the aquatic biota in china, and based on usepa's guidelines. acute toxicity tests were performed on nine different domestic species indigenous to china to determine 48-h lc50 and 96-h lc50 values for 2,4-dcp. in addition, 21 day survival-reproduction tests with daphnia magna, 30-day embryo-larval tests with carassius auratus, 60 day fry-juvenile test with ctenopharyngodon idellus, 30 d early ... | 2003 | 12531309 |
| environmental effects caused by olive mill wastewaters: toxicity comparison of low-molecular-weight phenol components. | olive oil mill wastewaters (omws) show significant polluting properties due to their content of organic substances, and because of their high toxicity toward several biological systems. wastewaters' toxicity has been attributed to their phenolic constituents. a chemical study of wastewaters from a ligurian oil mill characterized phenolic products such as 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (catechol), derivatives of benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, phenylethanol, and cinnamic acid. the omws were fractioned by ... | 2003 | 12568563 |
| ecotoxicological study of lithuanian and estonian wastewaters: selection of the biotests, and correspondence between toxicity and chemical-based indices. | the toxicity of industrial and urban wastewater (ww) samples collected in lithuania and estonia was evaluated by using a suite of biological tests comprising the algaltoxkit f with selenastrum capricornutum, the charatox with nitellopsis obtusa, daphtoxkit f with daphnia magna, thamnotoxkit f with thamnocephalus platyurus, protoxkit f with tetrahymena thermophila and the microtox with vibrio fischeri. the charatox and thamnotoxkit f tests showed highest relative sensitivity, responding to 80-90% ... | 2003 | 12615419 |
| maternal transfer of strain-specific immunity in an invertebrate. | the most celebrated component of the vertebrate immune system is the acquired response in which memory cells established during primary infection enhance the proliferation of antibodies during secondary infection. additionally, the strength of vertebrate acquired immune responses varies dramatically depending on the infecting pathogen species or on the pathogen genotype within species. because invertebrates lack the t-cell receptors and major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules that media ... | 2003 | 12646131 |
| parasite-mediated selection in experimental daphnia magna populations. | it has been suggested that parasites are a strong selecting force for their hosts and therefore may alter the outcome of competition among host genotypes. we tested the extent to which parasite-mediated selection by different parasite species influenced competition among clones of the cyclic parthenogen daphnia magna. we monitored clone frequency changes in laboratory microcosm populations consisting of 21 d. magna clones. parasite treatments (two microsporidians, glugoides intestinalis and ordo ... | 2003 | 12683522 |
| responses in sediment bioassays used in the netherlands: can observed toxicity be explained by routinely monitored priority pollutants? | in order to identify the cause of toxicity in sediments and suspended matter, a large number of samples with different degrees of contamination was taken at various locations in the netherlands. standard acute bioassays were carried out with the bacterium vibrio fischeri, the rotifer brachionus calyciflorus and the anostracan thamnocephalus platyurus. chronic standard tests were performed using the water flea daphnia magna and larvae of the midge chironomus riparius. some novel bioassays were pe ... | 2003 | 12697214 |
| evaluation of a high throughput toxicity biosensor and comparison with a daphnia magna bioassay. | a high throughput toxicity biosensor has been designed and constructed using recombinant escherichia coli cells, containing stress specific promoters (reca, faba, or katg) or constitutive promoters (lac) fused to luciferase genes originating from vibrio fisheri. these genetically engineered cells were immobilized in 96 well plates. by optimizing cell immobilization conditions and the strains' response specificity to toxic chemicals, bioluminescent outputs decreased or increased dose-dependently ... | 2003 | 12706597 |
| the acute toxicity of gluconic acid, beta-alaninediacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentakismethylenephosphonic acid, and nitrilotriacetic acid determined by daphnia magna, raphidocelis subcapitata, and photobacterium phosphoreum. | acute toxicity of four relatively new chelating agents and their equimolar manganese and cadmium complexes was studied. the chelating agents studied were gluconic acid (ga), beta-alaninediacetic acid (ada), diethylenetriaminepentakismethylenephosphonic acid (dtpmp), and nitrilotriacetic acid (nta). three common bioassays, namely daphnia magna, raphidocelis subcapitata, and photobacterium phosphoreum (microtox bioassay) were applied. r. subcapitata proved the most sensitive to these compounds. wi ... | 2003 | 12712292 |
| deriving freshwater quality criteria for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol for protection of aquatic life in china. | freshwater quality criteria of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-tcp) were developed with particular reference to the aquatic biota in china, and based on usepa's guidelines. acute toxicity tests were performed on nine different domestic species indigenous to china to determine 48 h lc(50) and 96 h lc(50) values for 2,4,6-tcp. in addition, 21 d survival-reproduction test with daphnia magna, 30 d embryo-larval test with carassius auratus, 60 d fry-juvenile test with ctenopharyngodon idellus, 30 d earl ... | 2003 | 12729688 |
| toxicity identification evaluation of leachates from municipal solid waste landfills: a multispecies approach. | the toxicity of leachates from two municipal solid waste (msw) landfills in southern italy was characterized using a toxicity identification evaluation procedure. the chemical and physical fractionation techniques were: ph adjustment, ph adjustment/filtration, ph adjustment/c(18) solid phase extraction, graduated ph and edta chelation. all the samples exhibited acute toxicity towards the bacterium vibrio fischeri, the freshwater rotifer brachionus calyciflorus and the freshwater crustaceans tham ... | 2003 | 12729690 |
| effects of microcystin-free and microcystin-containing strains of the cyanobacterium microcystis aeruginosa on growth of the grazer daphnia magna. | harmful effects of the common bloom-forming cyanobacterium microcystis aeruginosa on the grazer daphnia have been explained from morphological features, nutritional insufficiency, and the production of toxins called microcystins. the effects of four m. aeruginosa strains, including one free of microcystins, on the growth of daphnia magna were examined. population growth was measured in daphnia fed each m. aeruginosa strain alone and fed mixtures of each strain with the green alga scenedesmus obl ... | 2003 | 12740806 |
| acute and chronic toxicity of dimethylsulfoxide to daphnia magna. | | 2003 | 12756470 |
| evidence for strong host clone-parasite species interactions in the daphnia microparasite system. | organisms are often confronted with multiple enemy species. defenses against different parasite species may be traded off against each other. however, if resistance is based on (potentially costly) general defense mechanisms, it may be positively correlated among parasites. in an experimental study, we confronted 19 clones from one daphnia magna population with two bacterial and three microsporidian parasite species. all parasites were isolated from the same pond as the hosts. host clones were s ... | 2003 | 12778548 |
| toxicity of single and mixed contaminants in seawater measured with acute toxicity bioassays. | different types of organic pollutants commonly detected in seawater have been evaluated by acute toxicity bioassays. vibrio fischeri, daphnia magna, and selenastrum capricornotum were selected to test toxic effects of individual compounds and mixtures of these compounds, obtaining ec50 values in the range of 0.001 to 28.9 mg/l. in the case of mixtures, synergistic toxic responses were seen for a clear majority of the cases (>60%). mixtures containing methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (mtbe) exhibit ac ... | 2002 | 12805969 |
| toxicity of fluoranthene and its biodegradation metabolites to aquatic organisms. | the toxicity of nine stable products of the biodegradation of fluoranthene with the pure bacterial strain pasteurella sp. ifa was studied. for their quantification, an improved analytical procedure with two-step liquid-liquid extraction, derivatisation and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric detection was used. growth inhibition and immobility tests for fluoranthene and its metabolites were carried out using algae (scenedesmus subspicatus), bacteria (pseudomonas putida) and crustaceans (daphn ... | 2003 | 12820993 |
| combined toxicity effects of mtbe and pesticides measured with vibrio fischeri and daphnia magna bioassays. | methyl-tert-butyl ether (mtbe), a fuel oxygenate that is added to gasoline, commonly contaminates aquatic systems, many of which are already contaminated with pesticides. the toxic effects (ec(50) value) of several pure pesticides (diuron, linuron, dichlofluanid, sea nine, irgarol and tributyltin (tbt)) were measured and compared with the ec(50) value of the pesticide mixed with mtbe, using the vibrio fischeri and daphnia magna acute toxicity assays. the interaction between chemicals was evaluat ... | 2003 | 12946890 |
| toxicity and chemistry of aspen wood leachate to aquatic life: field study. | a dark, toxic leachate has been observed around woodpiles of trembling aspen (populus tremuloides michx.) cut in winter for pulp or structural lumber. we measured production of leachate from 18 m3 of harvestable aspen logs stacked in an open field near dawson creek, british columbia, canada. the logpile began producing leachate during the first winter thaw and continued to do so for the duration of the two-year study (mean, 250 l/collection). aspen leachate was characterized by dark color, acidi ... | 2003 | 12959530 |
| depressant agent from walnut hulls. | crushed unripe walnut hulls (juglans nigra), when extracted with ether, yield an extract which sedates or at least depresses the movements of daphnia magna, leopard frogs, perch, catfish, goldfish, mice, rats, and rabbits. one purified depressant compound, 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone), has been isolated and tested on most of these species. | 1961 | 14006337 |
| [genotoxic and ecotoxic effects of urban waste water disinfected with sodium hypochlorite or peracetic acid]. | genotoxic and ecotoxicologic effects of urban wastewater disinfected with sodium hypochlorite or peracetic acid were analyzed. the formation of genotoxic species was studied by determining clastogenic and mutagenic activity of aqueous samples and their extracts with in vivo and in vitro tests, respectively. in particular, we have applied citogenetic tests to allium cepa roots and tradescantia inflorescence (allium cepa test and tradescantia/micronuclei test) and reversion test to salmonella typh ... | 2003 | 14552196 |
| the infection rate of daphnia magna by pasteuria ramosa conforms with the mass-action principle. | in simple epidemiological models that describe the interaction between hosts with their parasites, the infection process is commonly assumed to be governed by the law of mass action, i.e. it is assumed that the infection rate depends linearly on the densities of the host and the parasite. the mass-action assumption, however, can be problematic if certain aspects of the host-parasite interaction are very pronounced, such as spatial compartmentalization, host immunity which may protect from infect ... | 2003 | 14596538 |
| ecotoxicological evaluation of carbamazepine using six different model systems with eighteen endpoints. | the occurrence of pharmaceutically active compounds in the aquatic environment has been recognized as one of the emerging issues in environmental chemistry. however, the ecotoxicological effects of pharmaceuticals have still not been researched adequately. carbamazepine, an anticonvulsant commonly present in surface and groundwater, was studied, using six ecotoxicological model systems with eighteen endpoints evaluated at different exposure time periods. the battery included the immobilization o ... | 2003 | 14599440 |
| detection of chemical threat agents in drinking water by an early warning real-time biomonitor. | having a safe water supply for civilian organizations and military personnel is an important objective to avoid toxic contamination of civilians and soldiers. chemical warfare (cw) agents, especially organophosphorous nerve compounds, are the most toxic of known chemical agents. the daphnia toximeter system is a continuously working test system that uses daphnia magna as a sensitive organism for monitoring drinking water. both small doses (allowable for short-term water ingestion) and graduated ... | 2003 | 14608606 |
| toxicity to daphnia magna and vibrio fischeri of kraft bleach plant effluents treated by catalytic wet-air oxidation. | two kraft-pulp bleaching effluents from a sequence of treatments which include chlorine dioxide and caustic soda were treated by catalytic wet-air oxidation (cwao) at t=463 k in trickle-bed and batch-recycle reactors packed with either tio2 extrudates or ru(3 wt%)/tio2 catalyst. chemical analyses (toc removal, color, hplc) and bioassays (48-h and 30-min acute toxicity tests using daphnia magna and vibrio fischeri, respectively) were used to get information about the toxicity impact of the starti ... | 2004 | 14675640 |
| screening organic micropollutants in surface waters by spe extraction and ecotoxicological testing. | complex mixtures of toxic substances occurring in surface waters are difficult to characterise by chemical analyses because each compound occurs at a very low concentration and requires a specific analytical method to be identified. ecotoxicological tests on water extracts can be used as a screening tool to evaluate quickly and simply the overall quality of a water body with regard to micropollutant contamination. in this work, a pre-concentration procedure based on solid-phase extraction (spe), ... | 2004 | 14675841 |
| toxicity of mono- and diesters of o-phthalic esters to a crustacean, a green alga, and a bacterium. | the degradation of phthalic acid diesters may lead to formation of o-phthalic acid and phthalic acid monoesters. the ecotoxic properties of the monoesters have never been systematically investigated, and concern has been raised that these degradation products may be more toxic than the diesters. therefore, the aquatic toxicity of phthalic acid, six monoesters, and five diesters of o-phthalic acid was tested in three standardized toxicity tests using the bacteria vibrio fischeri, the green algae ... | 2003 | 14713047 |
| the relationship bettween composition and toxicity of tannery wastewater. | key toxic components have been identified in pre-treated tannery wastewater with fractionation of samples through chemical and physical means (filtration, air stripping, adsorption on activated carbon,...). the goal of each fractionation step was to reduce the toxicity due to a specific group of chemicals and compare the results to the toxicity present in the unaltered sample. toxicity short-term tests with the invertebrate daphnia magna and thebacterial luminescence inhibition test with vibrio ... | 2004 | 14979536 |
| physiology of immunity in the water flea daphnia magna: environmental and genetic aspects of phenoloxidase activity. | in an attempt to understand the ecological correlates of immunocompetence in daphnia magna (crustacea, cladocera), we tested for variation in immune function in relation to feeding conditions, host conditions, and host genotype. we investigated both phenotypic (environmental dependent and condition dependent) as well as genotypic aspects of the prophenoloxidase activating system (pro-poas), which has been described as a key factor in invertebrate immunity. daphnia magna is an ideal study system ... | 2003 | 14988798 |
| ecotoxicogenomics: the challenge of integrating genomics into aquatic and terrestrial ecotoxicology. | rapid progress in the field of genomics (the study of how an individual's entire genetic make-up, the genome, translates into biological functions) is beginning to provide tools that may assist our understanding of how chemicals can impact on human and ecosystem health. in many ways, if scientific and regulatory efforts in the 20th century have sought to establish which chemicals cause damage to ecosystems, then the challenge in ecotoxicology for the 21st century is to understand the mechanisms ... | 2004 | 15003699 |
| laboratory studies on recovery of n and p from human urine through struvite crystallisation and zeolite adsorption. | struvite [mg (k, nh4)(po4) x 6h2o] crystallisation and adsorption to zeolite have been proposed as a method for nutrient recovery from human urine collected with urine separating toilets. the aim of the present study was to optimise the use of mgo (to precipitate struvite) and zeolite (to adsorb ammonia) in this process. the experiments were performed with fresh urine, to which various amounts of mgo and zeolite were added. after repeated stirring and settling for 3 days the supernatant was anal ... | 2004 | 15027655 |
| potential toxic effect on aquatic fauna by the dwarf shrub empetrum hermaphroditum. | the common evergreen dwarf shrub empetrum hermaphroditum has influence on the functioning of boreal terrestrial ecosystems in northern sweden. the negative effects of e. hermaphroditum are partly attributed to the production of the dihydrostilbene, batatasin-iii, which is released from leaves and litter by rain and snowmelt. in this study, we investigated whether batatasin-iii is carried by runoff into streams and lakes during the snowmelt period and whether it is also potentially hazardous to a ... | 2004 | 15074667 |
| effect of advanced oxidation processes on the toxicity of municipal landfill leachates. | the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of advanced oxidation processes (aops) (oxidation ozone and peroxide/ozone) on the toxicity of leachates from municipal landfill for warsaw, poland, using a battery of tests. aops used to pre-treat leachates were carried out in laboratory conditions after their coagulation with the use of fecl3. the effects of the pre-treatment of leachates using the method of coagulation with fecl3 depended on the concentration of organic compounds and with ... | 2004 | 15077983 |
| ecotoxicological evaluation of 4-aminobiphenyl using a test battery. | experimental bioassays are currently used in ecotoxicology and environmental toxicology to provide information for risk assessment evaluation of new chemicals and to investigate their effects and mechanisms of action; in addition, ecotoxicological models are used for the detection, control, and monitoring of the presence of pollutants in the environment. as a single bioassay will never provide a full picture of the quality of the environment, a representative, cost-effective, and quantitative te ... | 2004 | 15087170 |
| mutatox test: a new test for monitoring environmental genotoxic agents. | in this study, yamaska river water and milli-q water and organically extracted sediment extracts were used to evaluate the sensitivity of a new genotoxicity screening test, the mutatox test. also in this study, the samples were tested for acute and chronic toxicity using the following screening test procedures: microtox, daphnia magna, ceriodaphnia reticulata and atp-tox systems. the mutatox test is based on the use of a dark mutant strain of photobacterium phosphoreum and is sensitive to chemic ... | 1990 | 15092256 |
| assessment of toxicant activity in sediments by the echa biocide monitor. | the echa biocide monitor, a dipstick procedure originally designed to test the effectiveness of in situ biocides, was evaluated as a possible environmental toxicity assessment procedure. the dipstick procedure was applied to 94 sediment extracts which were also tested by three well documented toxicant screening procedures; microtox, daphnia magna and spirillum volutans. in these samples the daphnia magna test proved to be the most sensitive indication of toxicant activity (63 of 94) with the ech ... | 1989 | 15092462 |
| hypoxia-induced synthesis of hemoglobin in the crustacean daphnia magna is hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent. | of the four known globin genes that exist in the fresh-water crustacean daphnia magna, several are individually induced by hypoxia, lending pale normoxic animals a visible red color when challenged by oxygen deprivation. the promoter regions of the daphnia globin genes each contain numerous hypoxia response elements (hres) as potential binding sites for hypoxia-inducible factors (hifs). daphnia hif, bound to human hre sequences, was detected in extracts from hypoxic (red), but not normoxic (pale ... | 2004 | 15169764 |
| integrated environmental assessment of volturno river in south italy. | the application of a battery of toxicity and genotoxicity tests on pore water in parallel and in combination with physico-chemical analyses and benthic macroinvertebrate community investigations is discussed as a tool to assess the environmental quality of the volturno river in south italy. toxicity testing was performed on the rotifer brachionus calyciflorus and the crustacean daphnia magna. genotoxicity was determined by the sos chromotest and mutatox system. the biotic index used for macroinv ... | 2004 | 15172576 |
| effects of dissolved organic carbon concentration and source, ph, and water hardness on chronic toxicity of copper to daphnia magna. | the effects of ph (5.3-8.7), water hardness (caco3 at 25-500 mg/l), dissolved organic carbon (doc) concentration (1.6-18.4 mg/l), and doc source on the chronic toxicity of copper to daphnia magna were investigated by using a multifactorial, central composite test design. natural dissolved organic matter (dom) was collected at three sites in belgium and the netherlands by using reverse osmosis. for a total number of 35 toxicity tests performed, 21-d no-observed-effect concentrations (noecs) of co ... | 2004 | 15180361 |
| hormetic versus toxic effects of vegetable tannin in a multitest study. | tannin from mimosa trees (acacia sp.) utilized in traditional leather tanning was tested for toxicity in sea urchin (sphaerechinus granularis and paracentrotus lividus) embryos and sperm, marine, and freshwater algae (selenastrum capricornutum and dunaliella tertiolecta), and daphnia magna. based on a two-step tanning procedure used in traditional tanneries, two mimosa tannin preparations, i.e., fresh tannin (ft) and used tannin (ut), were tested as suspensions. the early results in s. granulari ... | 2004 | 15195805 |
| evaluation of ecologically relevant bioassays for a lotic system impacted by a coal-mine effluent, using isonychia. | many studies investigating the ecotoxicological impacts of industrial effluents on fresh-water biota utilize standardized test species such as the daphnids, ceriodaphnia dubia, daphnia magna, and the fathead minnow, pimephales promelas. such species may not be the most predictive or ecologically relevant gauges of the responses of instream benthic macroinvertebrates to certain stressors, such as total dissolved solids. an indigenous species approach should be adopted, using a sensitive benthic c ... | 2004 | 15195819 |
| toxicological effects of disinfections using sodium hypochlorite on aquatic organisms and its contribution to aox formation in hospital wastewater. | sodium hypochlorite (naocl) is often used for disinfecting hospital wastewater in order to prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, causal agents of nosocomial infectious diseases. chlorine disinfectants in wastewater react with organic matters, giving rise to organic chlorine compounds such as aox (halogenated organic compounds adsorbable on activated carbon), which are toxic for aquatic organisms and are persistent environmental contaminants. the aim of this study was to evaluate the t ... | 2004 | 15196837 |
| identification of organic compounds and ecotoxicological assessment of sewage treatment plants (stp) effluents. | an integrated approach combining chemistry and biological methods was conducted to assess the toxicity of seven sewage treatment plant effluents. solid phase concentration procedures were applied to facilitate the study of organic micro pollutants. a chemical analysis was performed by gc/ms. organic fraction toxicity was determined by using bioassays such as daphnia magna and chlorella vulgaris tests and sub-lethal effects were also evaluated by using salmonella typhimurium test (mutagenicity), ... | 2004 | 15207574 |
| environmental risk assessment of paroxetine. | paroxetine hydrochloride hemihydrate (the active ingredient in paxil) is a pharmaceutical compound used for the treatment of depression, social anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. paroxetine (pa) is extensively metabolized in humans, with about 97% of the parent compound being excreted as metabolites through the urine and feces of patients. therefore pa and metabolites have the potential to be discharged into wastewater treatment sys ... | 2004 | 15260335 |
| a test battery for the ecotoxicological evaluation of the agri-chemical environ. | the ecotoxicological effects of the agri-chemical environ were evaluated using a test battery comprising organisms representing three trophic levels of the aquatic ecosystem. the sensitivities of the test species to environ were as follows: microtox > daphnia magna > pseudokirchneriella subcapitata = thamnocephalus platyurus = oncorhynchus mykiss > artemia salina > tetrahymena thermophilia. an order of magnitude sensitivity between the test species was observed which emphasizes the importance of ... | 2004 | 15261732 |
| application of toxkit microbiotests for toxicity assessment in soil and compost. | the potential of toxkit microbiotests to detect and analyze pollution in agricultural soil and the quality of compost was studied. the toxicity tests used included seed germination biotests using cress salad (lepidum sativum l.), tomato (lycopersicum esculentum l.), and cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), and the toxkit microbiotests included those with microalgae (selenastrum capricornutum), protozoa (tetrahymena thermophila), crustaceans (daphnia magna, thamnocephalus platyurus, and heterocypris in ... | 2004 | 15269896 |
| olive oil mill wastewater treatment using a chemical and biological approach. | olive oil mill wastewaters (omw) are recalcitrant to biodegradation for their toxicity due to high values of chemical oxygen demand (cod), biological oxygen demand (bod), and phenolic compounds. in the present study omw, collected in southern italy, were subjected first to a chemical oxidative procedure with fecl3 and then to a biological treatment. the latter was performed in a pilot plant where mixed commercial selected bacteria, suitable for polyphenols and lipid degradation, were inoculated. ... | 2004 | 15291489 |
| variation in phenoloxidase activity and its relation to parasite resistance within and between populations of daphnia magna. | estimates of phenoloxidase (po) activity have been suggested as a useful indicator of immunocompetence in arthropods, with the idea that high po activity would indicate high immunocompetence against parasites and pathogens. here, we test for variation in po activity among clones of the planktonic crustacean daphnia magna and its covariation with susceptibility to infections from four different microparasite species (one bacterium and three microsporidia). strong clonal variation in po activity w ... | 2004 | 15306368 |
| toxicity of the cyanobacterium cylindrospermopsis raciborskii to daphnia magna. | the effect of two strains of cylindrospermopsis raciborskii on the survivorship, somatic growth, and detoxification processes of juvenile daphnia magna were investigated. both strains of c. raciborskii (and also ankistrodesmus falcatus, used as the control) were given to newborn d. magna at equivalent biovolumes. the survival curves for d. magna subjected to the two c. raciborskii treatments differed from those of the starved and fed treatments. after 48 h of exposure, the percentage of d. magna ... | 2004 | 15352261 |
| tropical ecotoxicity testing with ceriodaphnia cornuta. | the sai gon-dong nai river system in southern vietnam is of great social and economic importance yet receives a large amount of industrial, domestic, and agricultural discharges. toxicity assessment has started to become an issue in vietnam, and it is important to employ a test system that is appropriate for typical vietnamese conditions with a species that is representative of the invertebrates living in its aquatic ecosystems. the aim of this study was to develop and to validate an ecotoxicity ... | 2004 | 15352266 |
| life-history traits of standard and autochthonous cladocerans: i. acute and chronic effects of acetylsalicylic acid. | pharmaceuticals have been recognized as an important group of aquatic micropollutants, mainly because of their biologically active nature. acetylsalicylic acid (asa), which is the active compound of aspirin and many other pharmaceuticals, is consumed in large quantities every year. therefore, its acute and chronic effects on standard (daphnia magna) and autochthonous (daphnia longispina) daphnids were investigated. the results showed that asa impaired the survivorship, reproduction, and growth o ... | 2004 | 15352269 |
| life-history traits of standard and autochthonous cladocerans: ii. acute and chronic effects of acetylsalicylic acid metabolites. | metabolic products are often more toxic than their pharmacological parent compounds. therefore, the acute and chronic effects of the main metabolites--salicylic acid (sal), gentisic acid (gen), and o-hydroxyhippuric acid (hdp)--of acetylsalicylic acid (asa), the active ingredient in aspirin and many other pharmaceuticals, were assessed using standard (daphnia magna) and autochthonous (daphnia longispina) cladocerans. the sequence of decreasing levels of acute and chronic toxicity of asa metaboli ... | 2004 | 15352270 |
| ecotoxicological evaluation of wastewater treatment plant effluent discharges: a case study in prato (tuscany, italy). | textile wastewaters, which contain numerous chemicals such as dyes, surfactants, solvents, organic and inorganic salts, can cause severe pollution problems for the receiving freshwaters. the ecotoxicity of wastewaters in prato, where there are about 14,000 textile and related factories, was investigated from 1996-1999 by means of bioassays. 147 samples of reclaimed wastewater were collected at the outlets of 4 centralized wastewater treatment plants. the acute and chronic toxicity of the effluen ... | 2004 | 15366513 |
| bioassay selection, experimental design and quality control/assurance for use in effluent assessment and control. | in the uk direct toxicity assessment programme, carried out in 1998-2000, a series of internationally recognised short-term toxicity test methods for algae, invertebrates and fishes, and rapid methods (eclox and microtox) were used extensively. abbreviated versions of conventional tests (algal growth inhibition tests, daphnia magna immobilisation test and the oyster embryo-larval development test) were valuable for toxicity screening of effluent discharges and the identification of causes and so ... | 2004 | 15462135 |
| parasite-mediated selection in experimental metapopulations of daphnia magna. | in metapopulations, only a fraction of all local host populations may be infected with a given parasite species, and limited dispersal of parasites suggests that colonization of host populations by parasites may involve only a small number of parasite strains. using hosts and parasites obtained from a natural metapopulation, we studied the evolutionary consequences of invasion by single strains of parasites in experimental populations of the cyclical parthenogen daphnia magna. in two experiments ... | 2004 | 15475335 |
| comparison of different advanced oxidation process to reduce toxicity and mineralisation of tannery wastewater. | many organic compounds contained in wastewater are resistant to conventional chemical and/or biological treatment. because of this reason different degradation techniques are studied as an alternative to biological and classical physico-chemical processes. advanced oxidation processes (aops) probably have developed to become the best options in the near future. aop while making use of different reaction systems, are all characterised by the same chemical feature: production of oh radicals (*oh). ... | 2004 | 15497865 |
| toxicity and estrogenic activity of a wastewater treatment plant in northern italy. | many xenobiotics, widely diffused in the environment, have the potential to disrupt the delicate endocrine system balance of wildlife and humans. substances showing hormone-like actions in living organisms are defined endocrine-disruptor chemicals and they may mimic, block, or interfere with the synthesis, release, transport, elimination, and binding of natural hormones. different ecotoxicologic studies were applied to screen for the discharge of estrogenic and toxic substances into the aquatic ... | 2004 | 15499495 |
| accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins (pst) from the cyanobacterium aphanizomenon issatschenkoi by the cladoceran daphnia magna. | in order to access the effects of paralytic shellfish toxins (pst) in freshwater environment, the accumulation of pst produced by the cyanobacteria aphanizomenon issatschenkoi in juvenile daphnia magna was investigated. d. magna was exposed to a. issatschenkoi cells (1.2 x 10(6) cells ml(-1)) for 6, 8, 12, 24 and 30 h and also to lyophilised material (1 mg ml(-1)) for 24h. survival and somatic growth of the juvenile d. magna was investigated, as was the activity of the biotransformation enzyme s ... | 2004 | 15500853 |
| micellar electrokinetic chromatography with bile salts for predicting ecotoxicity of aromatic compounds. | the retention factors of several aromatic compounds were obtained by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (mekc) using cholate, taurocholate, deoxycholate and deoxytaurocholate as micellar systems. the possibility of using these retention factors to describe and predict several ecotoxicological activities of different aromatic compounds was evaluated. adequate correlations retention-ecotoxicity (log lc50 in fish and daphnia, log ec50 in green algae and daphnia, chronic values in fish and green ... | 2004 | 15527135 |
| results of a technology demonstration project to compare rapid aquatic toxicity screening tests in the analysis of industrial effluents. | the results of a 'biowise' demonstration project to assess the comparative sensitivity and practicality of seven new assays for the direct assessment of ecotoxicity in industrial effluents are presented. in addition the aim of the project was to validate the results of the new assays against benchmark data generated from non-proprietary, rapid, microplate screening assays using the regulatory species; freshwater crustacean daphnia magna and green algae selenastrum capricornutum, chosen in view o ... | 2004 | 15536498 |
| the evolution of virulence when parasites cause host castration and gigantism. | it has been suggested that the harm parasites cause to their hosts is an unavoidable consequence of parasite reproduction with costs not only for the host but also for the parasite. castrating parasites are thought to minimize their costs by reducing host fecundity, which may minimize the chances of killing both host and parasite prematurely. we conducted a series of experiments to understand the evolution of virulence of a castrating bacterium in the planktonic crustacean daphnia magna. by mani ... | 2004 | 15540139 |
| ecotoxicological risk assessment of hospital wastewater: a proposed framework for raw effluents discharging into urban sewer network. | in hospitals a large variety of substances are in use for medical purposes such as diagnostics and research. after application, diagnostic agents, disinfectants and excreted non-metabolized pharmaceuticals by patients, reach the wastewater. this form of elimination may generate risks for aquatic organisms. the aim of this study was to present: (i) the steps of an ecological risk assessment and management framework related to hospital effluents evacuating into wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) wi ... | 2005 | 15621348 |
| ecotoxicological evaluation of the additive butylated hydroxyanisole using a battery with six model systems and eighteen endpoints. | the occurrence and fate of additives in the aquatic environment is an emerging issue in environmental chemistry. this paper describes the ecotoxicological effects of the commonly used additive butylated hydroxyanisole (bha) using a test battery, comprising of several different organisms and in vitro test systems, representing a proportion of the different trophic levels. the most sensitive system to bha was the inhibition of bioluminescence in vibrio fischeri bacteria, which resulted in an acute ... | 2004 | 15642642 |
| assessment of the toxicity of triasulfuron and its photoproducts using aquatic organisms. | the toxicological effects of the sulfonylurea herbicide triasulfuron and its photoproducts were assessed on four aquatic organisms. toxicity varied with tested organism and with triasulfuron irradiation time. triasulfuron and its photoproducts had no significant effects on the crustacean (cladocera) daphnia magna (causing 50% effective concentration [ec50] [48 h] = 49 +/- 1 mg/l) and the marine bacteria vibrio fischeri (ec50 [30 min] > 100 mg/l). in contrast, primary producers (the duckweed lemn ... | 2004 | 15648757 |
| ecotoxicological evaluation of diesel-contaminated soil before and after a bioremediation process. | evaluation of contaminated sites is usually performed by chemical analysis of pollutants in soil. this is not enough either to evaluate the environmental risk of contaminated soil nor to evaluate the efficiency of soil cleanup techniques. information on the bioavailability of complex mixtures of xenobiotics and degradation products cannot be totally provided by chemical analytical data, but results from bioassays can integrate the effects of pollutants in complex mixtures. in the preservation of ... | 2005 | 15712321 |
| toxicity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics to aquatic organisms. | toxicity tests were performed with seven fluoroquinolone antibiotics, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, clinafloxacin, enrofloxacin, and flumequine, on five aquatic organisms. overall toxicity values ranged from 7.9 to 23,000 microg/l. the cyanobacterium microcystis aeruginosa was the most sensitive organism (5-d growth and reproduction, effective concentrations [ec50s] ranging from 7.9 to 1,960 microg/l and a median of 49 microg/l), followed by duckweed (lemna minor, 7-d rep ... | 2005 | 15720004 |
| operational use of neem oil as an alternative anopheline larvicide. part b: environmental impact and toxicological potential. | this study was conducted to investigate the preliminary environmental and mammalian toxicology of neem oil, temephos and chlorpyriphos-methyl/fenitrothion. culex pipiens, daphnia magna and gambusia affinis were used to study environmental impact. a high level of toxicity was observed, with slight differences between organisms. the emulsifiers individually also displayed toxicity towards the tested organisms. up to 90 days daily oral crude neem oil treatment (5 g/kg body weight) of laboratory mic ... | 2003 | 15748062 |
| biodegradation of the insecticide n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide by fungi: identification and toxicity of metabolites. | fungi (cunninghamella elegans atcc 9245, mucor ramannianus r-56, aspergillus niger vkmf-1119, and phanerochaete chrysosporium bkmf-1767) were tested to elucidate the biologic fate of the topical insect repellent n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet). the elution profile obtained from analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography equipped with a reverse-phase c-18 column, showed that three peaks occurred after incubation of c. elegans, with which 1 mm deet was combined as a final concentration. the pe ... | 2005 | 15750774 |
| host-parasite and genotype-by-environment interactions: temperature modifies potential for selection by a sterilizing pathogen. | parasite-mediated selection is potentially of great importance in modulating genetic diversity. genetic variation for resistance, the fuel for natural selection, appears to be common in host-parasite interactions, but responses to selection are rarely observed. in the present study, we tested whether environmental variation could mediate infection and determine evolutionary outcomes. temperature was shown to dramatically alter the potential for parasite-mediated selection in two independent labo ... | 2005 | 15792228 |
| salinity tolerance in daphnia magna: characteristics of genotypes hatching from mixed sediments. | the hatching of diapausing eggs is a means of temporal dispersal that can provide populations with genotypes adapted to different environments. in a salinity-variable shallow lake, we predicted that the mixing of different age-classes of eggs in the sediment may yield genotypes with different salinity optima. the alternative would be the absence of local adaptation and the presence of a homogenous population of salt-tolerant genotypes with high phenotypic plasticity. we tested these alternatives ... | 2005 | 15800749 |
| oxygen preference of daphnia magna is influenced by po2 acclimation and biotic interactions. | oxygen preference of the planktonic crustacean daphnia magna was observed within an oxygen gradient. long-term acclimation to specific oxygen conditions determined the preferred oxygen tension. animals from hypoxic acclimation stayed in oxygen-poor water at first. they chose oxygen tensions above the critical partial pressure, thus maintaining aerobic energy supply, but they avoided higher oxygen concentrations. however, they gradually took more oxygen-rich positions within 2 d. animals from sev ... | 2005 | 15887085 |
| life history consequences of sterol availability in the aquatic keystone species daphnia. | the absence of essential biochemical nutrients, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids or sterols, has been considered as a mechanism determining trophic interactions between the herbivore daphnia and its phytoplankton food source. here, we experimentally quantify the sensitivity of two daphnia species to decreasing amounts of dietary sterols by measuring variations in life history traits. the two species daphnia magna and d. galeata were fed different mixtures of the sterol-containing green alga s ... | 2005 | 15891820 |
| ecological implications of parasites in natural daphnia populations. | in natural host populations, parasitism is considered to be omnipresent and to play an important role in shaping host life history and population dynamics. here, we study parasitism in natural populations of the zooplankton host daphnia magna investigating their individual and population level effects during a 2-year field study. our results revealed a rich and highly prevalent community of parasites, with eight endoparasite species (four microsporidia, one amoeba, two bacteria and one nematode) ... | 2005 | 15891825 |
| characterization of proteases in guts of daphnia magna and their inhibition by microcystis aeruginosa pcc 7806. | many cyanobacteria produce peptides that inhibit mammalian proteases. the hypothesis that inhibitors of mammalian proteases produced by cyanobacteria also interfere with digestive proteases of natural cladoceran grazers was tested by comparing the effects of cyanobacterial protease inhibitors on digestive proteases from daphnia magna and on commercially available bovine proteases. the major digestive proteases of d. magna are trypsins and chymotrypsins, which differ from those of bovine origin i ... | 2005 | 15892063 |
| toxicity of tire debris leachates. | data on the indicators of environmental impact of tire debris, originated from the tire abrasion on roads, are extremely scarce, while it is well known that tires may produce deleterious effects. tire debris contains significant quantities of zinc (zn) which may be released by tire rubber. we have used tire particles (td) produced in laboratory from new rubber. two sets of experiments were set up to obtain eluates. one set used 50 and 100 g/l td to produce eluates at ph 3-7. the zn quantity was ... | 2005 | 15910969 |
| applicability of fenton and h2o2/uv reactions in the treatment of tannery wastewaters. | in this paper we evaluated the h2o2/uv and the fenton's oxidation processes for the treatment of tannery wastewater under different experimental conditions. efficiencies were judged by the amounts of organic substances degraded or eliminated under these treatment techniques. daphnia magna and vibrio fischeri were used to monitor toxicity. organic compounds contained in the untreated and treated tannery wastewater were determined and identified using substance specific techniques. gas chromatogra ... | 2005 | 15963803 |
| phenotypic plasticity of host-parasite interactions in response to the route of infection. | the microsporidium octosporea bayeri can infect its host, the planktonic crustacean daphnia magna, vertically and horizontally. the two routes differ greatly in the way the parasite leaves the harbouring host (transmission) and in the way it enters a new, susceptible host (infection). infections resulting from each route may thus vary in the way they affect host and parasite life-histories and, subsequently, host and parasite fitness. we conducted a life-table experiment to compare d. magna infe ... | 2005 | 16033563 |
| synthesis and evaluation of molluscicidal and larvicidal activities of some novel enaminones derived from 4-hydroxyquinolinones: part ix. | a series of 10 3-(hetarylaminomethylene)quinolinediones, 12 3-(substituted aminopropenoyl)-4-hydroxyquinolinones, and 10 3-(substituted aminomethylene-5-oxo-pyrazolinyl)-4-hydroxyquinolinones were synthesized as novel enaminones derived from 3-(un)substituted 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1h)-ones in 72-94% yields and assayed for their molluscicidal activities against biomphalaria alexandrina and lymnaea natalensis snails. some of the tested enaminones presented high molluscicidal activities (lc(50)20ppm) ... | 2005 | 16039861 |
| the screening of chemicals for juvenoid-related endocrine activity using the water flea daphnia magna. | u.s. environmental protection agency is charged with developing a screening and testing paradigm for detecting endocrine toxicity of chemicals that are subject to regulation under the food quality protection and the safe drinking water acts. in this study, we developed and evaluated a screening assay that could be employed to detect juvenoid-related endocrine-modulating activity in an invertebrate species. juvenoid activity, anti-juvenoid activity, and juvenoid potentiator activity of chemicals ... | 2005 | 16046008 |
| degradation mechanism and the toxicity assessment in tio2 photocatalysis and photolysis of parathion. | the photocatalytic degradation of methyl parathion was carried out using a circulating tio2/uv reactor. the experimental results showed that parathion was more effectively degraded in the photocatalytic condition than the photolysis and tio2-only condition. with photocatalysis, 10mg/l parathion was completely degraded within 60 min with a toc decrease exceeding 90% after 150 min. the main ionic byproducts during photocatalysis were measured. the nitrogen from parathion was recovered mainly as no ... | 2006 | 16051312 |
| evaluation of the toxicity of two soils from jales mine (portugal) using aquatic bioassays. | soil contamination can be one path for streams and groundwater contamination. as a complement of chemical analysis and total contaminants determination, bioassays can provide information on the bioavailable fraction of chemical compounds, focusing on the retention and habitat function of soils. in this study the evaluation of the toxicity of two soils from the abandoned jales mine (portugal) regarded both functions. the buffer capacity of soils was tested with bioassays carried out using the cla ... | 2005 | 16084560 |
| ecotoxicological evaluation of diethanolamine using a battery of microbiotests. | in order to investigate the potential ecotoxicity of diethanolamine (dea), a battery of model systems was developed. dea is widely used as a chemical intermediate and as a surface-active agent in cosmetic formulations, pharmaceuticals and agricultural products. dea was studied using ecotoxicological model systems, representing four trophic levels, with several bioindicators evaluated at different exposure time periods. the battery included bioluminescence inhibition of the bacterium vibrio fisch ... | 2005 | 16095869 |
| ecotoxicological evaluation of the antimalarial drug chloroquine. | there is limited information available about the potential environmental effects of chloroquine (cq), a widely used antimalarial agent and a promising inexpensive drug in the management of hiv disease. the acute effects of cq were studied using four ecotoxicological model systems. the most sensitive bioindicator was the immobilization of the cladoceran daphnia magna, with an ec50 of 12 microm cq at 72 h and a non-observed adverse effect level of 2.5 microm cq, followed very closely by the decrea ... | 2005 | 16153718 |
| electrochemical oxidation of olive oil mill wastewaters. | the electrochemical oxidation of olive oil mill wastewaters over a titanium-tantalum-platinum-iridium anode was investigated. batch experiments were conducted in a flow-through electrolytic cell with internal recycle at voltage of 5, 7 and 9 v, nacl concentrations of 1%, 2% and 4%, recirculation rates of 0.4 and 0.62 l/s and initial chemical oxygen demand (cod) concentrations of 1475, 3060, 5180 and 6545 mg/l. the conversion of total phenols and cod as well as the extent of decolorization genera ... | 2005 | 16169569 |
| assessment of contaminated sediments with an indoor freshwater/sediment microcosm assay. | this study was conducted to assess the feasibility of using a 2-l, indoor microcosm assay to evaluate five contaminated sediments (a, b, c, d, and e). toxic potential was deduced in the light of general contamination of sediments, pollutant partitioning in microcosms, and biological responses of species (pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, lemna minor, daphnia magna, hyalella azteca, chironomus riparius): e > a > b > c > d. sediments mainly were contaminated by metals (lead and zinc). organic pollu ... | 2005 | 16193752 |
| chemometric exploration of an amperometric biosensor array for fast determination of wastewater quality. | four wastewater samples of different treatment qualities; untreated, alarm, alert and normal, from a swedish chemi-thermo-mechanical pulp mill and pure water were investigated using an amperometric bio-electronic tongue in a batch cell. the aim was to explore enzymatically modified screen-printed amperometric sensors for the discrimination of wastewater quality and to counteract the inherent drift. seven out of eight platinum electrodes on the array were modified with four different enzymes; tyr ... | 2005 | 16202874 |
| degradation of carbendazim and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by immobilized consortium on loofa sponge. | a fungicide, carbendazim (methyl-2-benzimidazole carbamate; mbc), and a herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), could be simultaneously degraded by a microbial consortium obtained from several soil samples in japanese paddy fields with enrichment continuous culture. the degradation ability of the consortium was increased by immobilization on loofa (luffa cylindrica) sponge in comparison with that of free-living consortium. mbc and 2,4-d were completely degraded within 5.5 d and 1.5 d, ... | 2004 | 16233662 |
| effects of hydrogen sulfide to vibrio fischeri, scenedesmus vacuolatus, and daphnia magna. | the effects of hydrogen sulfide (h2s) were tested in three ecotoxicological tests in order to evaluate its confounding potential in assessment of pore water and groundwater toxicity. the luminescent bacteria vibrio fischeri, the water flea daphnia magna, and the microalgae scenedesmus vacuolatus often are part of a biotest battery. a new technique for the synthesis of hydrogen sulfide solutions of defined concentrations using an electrochemical generator instead of sodium sulfide solutions was u ... | 2005 | 16268165 |
| [daphnia magna straus: a test object for the pharmacological evaluation of gaba-ergic drugs in the whole organism]. | the toxicity of a series of gabalytics (11 drugs) representing different pharmacological groups was evaluated in comparative experiments on daphnia magna straus and white mice. a high degree of correlation was established between the toxicity of gaba antagonists studied in daphnia and mice. the pharmacological analysis of the interaction of agonists and antagonists of gaba/benzodiazepine/ionophore-receptor complex--the competitive ligands for various binding sites--was carried out. it is suggest ... | 2005 | 16277214 |
| purified terephthalic acid wastewater biodegradation and toxicity. | the biodegradation and toxicity of the purified terephthalic acid (pta) processing wastewater was researched at njyz pilot with the fusant strain fhhh in the carrier activated sludge process (casp). sludge loading rate (slr) for fhhh to cod of the wastewater was 1.09 d(-1) and to pta in the wastewater was 0.29 d(-1). the results of bioassay at the pilot and calculation with software ebis3 showed that the 48h-lc50 (median lethal concentration) to daphnia magna for the pta concentration in the was ... | 2005 | 16313024 |
| toxicity on crustaceans and endocrine disrupting activity on saccharomyces cerevisiae of eight alkylphenols. | in the last few years many concerns have been raised regarding the environmental safety of alkylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants (apneos). they are widely used in detergents, paints, herbicides and many other formulated products. it has been estimated that 60% of apneos end up in the aquatic environment; they are biodegradable and transformed into alkylphenols, such as nonylphenol and octylphenol that are hydrophobic and tend to accumulate. in the present study, acute and chronic aquatic toxici ... | 2006 | 16343595 |