| [adrenocortical zonation in the laboratory japanese field vole (microtus montebelli)]. | adrenocortical zonation in the laboratory japanese field vole (microtus montebelli) was investigated histologically with special attention to the sex and species specific differences. the whole cortex and zona reticularis showed clear sex differences. they were thicker in females than in males. in this respect the vole was similar to the mouse and rat, but different from the syrian hamster and mastomys. male cortices were characterized by thick z. fasciculata and meagre z. reticularis, while bot ... | 1993 | 8519305 |
| oral transmission of trypanosomes of the subgenus herpetosoma from small mammals. | the rodents microtus agrestis, clethrionomys glareolus, apodemus sylvaticus and white bk rats were given either a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, an intragastric (i.g.) inoculation or an oral (p.o.) inoculation of the culture forms, including metacyclic trypomastigotes, of trypanosoma microti, t. evotomys, t. grosi and t. lewisi, respectively. similar levels of parasitaemia were produced by each of the three routes of infection, although the prepatent period was 3-5 days shorter in the ... | 1995 | 8570586 |
| fluoride accumulation and toxicity in laboratory populations of wild small mammals and white mice. | a laboratory experiment was conducted to compare the toxicological response and metabolism of inorganic fluoride by three species of wild mammals and laboratory white mice (mus musculus l.). the experimental populations of the wild species--the short-tailed field vole (microtus agrestis l.), the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus l.) and the the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus l.)--were laboratory reared from wild stock, and all test animals were exposed to 0, 40 or 80 microgram f per ml in thei ... | 1995 | 8603928 |
| penetration by field vole spermatozoa of mouse and hamster zonae pellucidae without acrosome reaction. | spermatozoa of the field vole (microtus montebelli) that bound to the zona pellucida of field vole oocytes underwent the acrosome reaction before passing through it. in contrast, vole spermatozoa that bound to the zonae of mouse and hamster oocytes penetrated the zonae without any sign of the acrosome reaction. the presence or absence of proteinase/hyaluronidase inhibitors in the medium did not make any difference to zona penetration by acrosome-intact vole spermatozoa. these observations sugges ... | 1996 | 8699440 |
| seasonal incidence of ixodes ricinus ticks (acari:ixodidae) on rodents in western france. | data collected from a longitudinal survey carried out over 2 years on four farms in western france were used to assess the incidence and infestation of ixodes ricinus on rodents. once a month, on each farm, 25 sherman live traps were set in hedges bordering selected pastures. a total of 799 micromammals were examined, including apodemus sylvaticus, clethrionomys glareolus, microtus agrestis, microtus arvalis, and crocidura spp. larvae and nymphs of i. ricinus were found. small numbers of ixodes ... | 1996 | 8771769 |
| effects of saturated fatty acids on amylase release from exocrine pancreatic segments of sheep, rats, hamsters, field voles and mice. | stimulatory effects of saturated fatty acids consisting of 4 (butyrate), 8 (octanoate), 12 (laurate) and 16 (palmitate) carbon atoms, as well as acetylcholine on pancreatic amylase release were assessed in tissue segments isolated from sheep, rats, hamsters, field voles and mice. the amount of amylase release induced by the fatty acids (1 mumol.l-1 to 10 mml.l-1) and by acetylcholine (10 nmol.l-1 to 100 mumol.l-1) increased in a concentration-dependent manner, and the maximum response in respons ... | 1996 | 8870261 |
| cowpox in british voles and mice. | serosurveys indicate that bank voles, field voles and woodmice are probably reservoir hosts of cowpox virus in western europe, although virus has not yet been isolated from these species. in this study, bank voles, field voles, woodmice and laboratory mice were shown to be susceptible to combined intradermal and subcutaneous inoculation with 3-20 plaque-forming units (pfu) of cowpox virus. bank and field voles, but not laboratory mice, were also susceptible to combined oral and nasal inoculation ... | 1997 | 9076598 |
| pneumocystis carinii of the common shrew, sorex araneus, shows a discrete phenotype. | we carried out an immunohistological and morphological study on pneumocystis carinii originating from the common shrew, sorex araneus. immunologic properties were studied by applying two commercially available immunofluorescence staining kits with differing developmental form specificity to a lung homogenate. the cyst form-specific staining kit reacted with cysts originating from s. araneus. ultrastructurally this particular antigen epitope specifically deposited on the electron-lucent middle la ... | 1997 | 9109260 |
| the origin and distribution of the lund y chromosome in microtus agrestis (rodentia, mammalia). | the lund y (lu-y) chromosome of the field vole (microtus agrestis) is distinguished from the standard y (st-y) by its much longer short arm. g-banding revealed that the lu-y originated by a pericentric inversion in the st-y. chromosome analysis of 297 male field voles from 92 localities in fennoscandia. germany, and england, in addition to data from the literature, made it possible to map the distribution area of the lu-y. it is restricted to the south-western parts of sweden. the question of wh ... | 1997 | 9175492 |
| [the distribution of leptospirae in the icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup]. | the capacity of leptospiras to get acclimated in the organism of unusual hosts has been studied. cultures of icterohaemorrhagiae from musquashes, house mice and field voles have been isolated of leptospirosis sources under intensive epizootics among rats. a possibility to reproduce leptospira carrying by the cultures of leptospirae of serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae in musquashes and water voles has been shown. one can conclude that under icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis musquashes and water voles ... | 1997 | 9221063 |
| investigations of pneumocystosis among humans and rodents in lithuania. | pneumocystosis (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) is a parasitic disease which in lithuania used to be diagnosed only with the use of pathohistological methods. the aim of our study was to determine prevalence of p. carinii antibodies among children and women, using immunochemical method (elisa) and to find out which groups of patients have higher antibody titres. we also addressed the question of infection with p. carinii among rodents. after investigating 9 species of rodents it was found that m ... | 1997 | 9259608 |
| spontaneous and radiation-induced micronuclei in erythrocytes from four species of wild rodents: a comparison with cba mice. | almost 100 animals of 4 different species of small wild rodents (bank vole, clethrionomys glareolus; field vole, microtus agrestis; yellow-necked mouse, apodemus flavicollis; and wood mouse, apodemus sylvaticus) were trapped in central sweden and used in experiments to determine the spontaneous and radiation-induced frequencies of polychromatic (fmpce) and normochromatic erythrocytes (fmnce) from bone marrow (bm) and peripheral blood (pb) using flow cytometric analysis. the results were compared ... | 1997 | 9357562 |
| the effect of cowpox virus infection on fecundity in bank voles and wood mice. | although epidemic infectious diseases are a recognized cause of changes in host population dynamics, there is little direct evidence for the effect of endemic infections on populations. cowpox virus is an orthopoxvirus which is endemic in bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus), wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) and field voles (microtus agrestis) in great britain. it does not cause obvious signs of disease nor does it affect survival, but in this study we demonstrate experimentally that it can reduc ... | 1997 | 9364786 |
| disturbances of the mineral incorporation in various species of mice and shrews in the emission area of a phosphate plant. | the cd emission of a phosphate plant was clearly reflected by the cd status of herbivorous european wood mice and common field voles as well as of european shrews taking in mostly animal food. the antagonistic effect of the emitted cd and mo better available for plants with high ground ph most probably caused the deterioration in the cu status of the animals of both phases in the nutritional chain. the lower ca, p, and mg incorporation with european wood mouse and common field vole within the co ... | 1997 | 9404674 |
| serosurvey for orthopoxviruses in rodents and shrews from norway. | two hundred and twenty one blood samples representing eight different rodent species and the common shrew (sorex araneus), collected in norway between 1993 and 1995, were examined for anti-orthopoxvirus antibodies by a competition enzyme linked imunnosorbent assay (elisa) and, when possible, an indirect immunofluorescence assay. the serological results indicated that the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus), woodmouse (apodemus sylvaticus) and norway lemming (lemmus lemmus) may be reservoir speci ... | 1998 | 9577770 |
| interspecific and intraspecific competition as causes of direct and delayed density dependence in a fluctuating vole population. | a 3- to 5-year cycle of vole abundances is a characteristic phenomenon in the ecology of northern regions, and their explanation stands as a central theoretical challenge in population ecology. although many species of voles usually coexist and are in severe competition for food and breeding space, the role of interspecific competition in vole cycles has never been evaluated statistically. after studying community effects on the population dynamics of the gray-sided vole (clethrionomys rufocanus ... | 1999 | 9927680 |
| seasonal dynamics of pneumocystis carinii in the field vole, microtus agrestis, and in the common shrew, sorex araneus, in finland. | seasonal dynamics of pneumocystis carinii in the field vole, microtus agrestis, and in the common shrew, sorex araneus, were investigated in southern and central finland by microscopical examination of methenamine silver-stained tissue sections. in both host species at both localities the number of p. carinii cyst forms was highest in late autumn (november). in s. araneus, prevalence was higher than in m. agrestis during all seasons. none of the animals was heavily infected or apparently ill, an ... | 1999 | 10070655 |
| immunocytochemical study of parafollicular (c) cells of the thyroid in some wild rodents. | studies were done on 3 wild species of rodents: field voles (microtus agrestis, linnaeus 1761), bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus, schreber 1780), and forest mice (apodemus flavicollis, melchior 1834). immunocytochemical reactions were used to detect calcitonin (ct), calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), neuron-specific enolase (nse), chromogranin a (cga) in the thyroid parafollicular (c) cells in all species examined. antisera to human ct, rat cgrp, bovine cga, rat nse and human nse give pr ... | 1999 | 10332521 |
| cowpox: reservoir hosts and geographic range. | it is generally accepted that the reservoir hosts of cowpox virus are wild rodents, although direct evidence for this is lacking for much of the virus's geographic range. here, through a combination of serology and pcr, we demonstrate conclusively that the main hosts in great britain are bank voles, wood mice and short-tailed field voles. however, we also suggest that wood mice may not be able to maintain infection alone, explaining the absence of cowpox from ireland where voles are generally no ... | 1999 | 10459650 |
| disease patterns in field and bank vole populations during a cyclic decline in central finland. | declining field vole (microtus agrestis) and bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) populations were sampled (117 field voles and 34 bank voles) in south-central finland during the winter of 1988-89. the last surviving field voles were caught in april and bank voles in february. a subsample (16) of the april field voles were taken live to the laboratory for immunosuppression. the histopathology of the main internal organs and the presence of aerobic bacteria and certain parasites were studied. in t ... | 2000 | 10670697 |
| genetic and morphological heterogeneity in small rodent whipworms in southwestern europe: characterization of trichuris muris and description of trichuris arvicolae n. sp. (nematoda: trichuridae). | genetic and morphological variability of whipworms trichuris roederer, 1761 (nematoda: trichuridae), parasites of small rodents in southwestern europe, was studied. isozyme patterns of natural populations of nematodes parasitizing rodent species of the muridae (apodemus sylvaticus, apodemus flavicollis, mus musculus) and arvicolidae (clethrionomys glareolus, microtus agrestis, microtus arvalis) were analyzed at 6 putative loci. two diagnostic loci were found in t. muris from muridae and from arv ... | 2000 | 10864238 |
| effect of long-term cold exposure on antioxidant enzyme activities in a small mammal. | aerobic organisms continually face exposure to reactive oxygen species (ros) and many have evolved sophisticated antioxidant systems to effectively remove them. any increase in ros production or weakening in this defense system may ultimately lead to oxidative stress and cellular damage. we investigated whether long-term cold exposure, which is known to lead to an elevation in metabolic rate, increased the activities of the ros-scavenging enzymes, catalase (cat), selenium-dependent glutathione p ... | 2000 | 10889458 |
| role of small mammals in the persistence of louping-ill virus: field survey and tick co-feeding studies. | louping-ill (li) is a tick-borne viral disease of red grouse, lagopus lagopus scoticus lath. (tetraonidae: galliformes), and sheep, ovis aries l. (bovidae: artiodactyla), that causes economic loss to upland farms and sporting estates. unvaccinated sheep, grouse and mountain hares, lepus timidus l. (leporidae: lagomorpha), are known to transmit li virus, whereas red deer, cenrus elaphus l. (cervidae: artiodactyla), and rabbits, oryctolagus cuniculus l. (leporidae: lagomorpha), do not. however, th ... | 2000 | 11016435 |
| generation of periodic waves by landscape features in cyclic predator-prey systems. | the vast majority of models for spatial dynamics of natural populations assume a homogeneous physical environment. however, in practice, dispersing organisms may encounter landscape features that significantly inhibit their movement. we use mathematical modelling to investigate the effect of such landscape features on cyclic predator-prey populations. we show that when appropriate boundary conditions are applied at the edge of the obstacle, a pattern of periodic travelling waves develops, moving ... | 2002 | 11886619 |
| comparison of glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunits of laboratory animals. | the common alpha-subunit of glycoprotein hormones (cgalpha) is a core protein shared by follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh), luteinizing hormone (lh), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh). in order to obtain a molecular basis for an efficient superovulation technique applicable to a wide range of animal species and to discuss the phylogenetic aspect based on molecules related to the reproductive system, we determined cdna sequences of cgalpha in seven laboratory animals: the guinea pig, mongolia ... | 2002 | 12112597 |
| mycobacterium microti infection (vole tuberculosis) in wild rodent populations. | mycobacterium microti (vole tuberculosis) infections in small wild mammals were first described more than 60 years ago in several populations in great britain. few studies of vole tuberculosis have been undertaken since then, and little is known about the relationship between m. microti isolates originating from different populations or at different times or of the prevalence of this infection in wild rodent populations, despite human cases of m. microti infections being increasingly reported. i ... | 2002 | 12202566 |
| rodent host specificity of european hantaviruses: evidence of puumala virus interspecific spillover. | in order to investigate rodent host specificity of european hantaviruses, experimental infection of colonized and wild-trapped rodents was performed. in addition to the natural rodent reservoir, clethrionomys glareolus, puumala hantavirus (puuv) could infect colonized microtus agrestis and lemmus sibiricus, but not syrian hamsters or balb/c mice. neither c. glareolus, nor m. agrestis, could be readily infected by tula hantavirus (tulv). wild-trapped apodemus flavicollis and a. agrarius, the natu ... | 2002 | 12376967 |
| copy and paste: the impact of a new non-l1 retroposon on the gonosomal heterochromatin of microtus agrestis. | mobile elements are most abundant in the mammalian genome, comprising at least 40-50% of the dna. they are differentiated into two most prominent families: the line elements, which are preferentially located in the g-bands, and sines, which are clustered in the r-bands. we report here a novel mammalian non-l1-retroposon, which invaded the genome of microtus agrestis in a very short time from an evolutionary viewpoint. no relevant sequence homology could be demonstrated to known sequences in the ... | 2002 | 12438796 |
| the lateral enamel lamina--component of tooth primordia in selected mammalian species. | the lateral enamel lamina (lel) is a part of the enamel organ, which is probably not involved in tooth formation. it represents, besides the "stalk" of the tooth primordium, a second interconnection between enamel organ and oral epithelium or vestibular lamina. we detected the lel in the sheep (ovis aries), the dolphin (stenella attenuata), and the vole (microtus agrestis) by light microscopy and computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction. the lel could be found in cap to bell stage tooth p ... | 2002 | 12494916 |
| [quantitative investigation of reproduction of condensed chromatin of sex chromosomes during trophoblast cell polyploidization and endoreduplication in the east european field vole microtus rossiaemeridionalis]. | simultaneous measurement of dna content in cell nuclei and condensed chromatin bodies formed by heterochromatized regions of sex chromosomes (gonosomal chromatin bodies, gcb) has been performed in two trophoblast cell populations of the east-european field vole microtus rossiaemeridionalis, namely in the proliferative population of trophoblast cells of the junctional zone of placenta and in the secondary giant trophoblast cells. one or two gonosomal chromatin bodies have been observed in trophob ... | 2002 | 12506668 |
| the wood mouse is a natural host for murid herpesvirus 4. | infection of laboratory mice by the murid herpesvirus 4 (mhv-4) is a much studied model system for gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis. little, however, is known about its natural host range, epidemiology and pathogenesis outside the laboratory. we have studied mhv-4 infection in free-living murids in the uk. using a combination of serology and pcr analysis, we found that mhv-4 was endemic in wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) but not in two species of voles (clethrionomys glareolus, microtus agrestis). ... | 2003 | 12533706 |
| [comparison observation on the mature alveolar of echinococcus sibiricensis and echinococcus multilocularis in the experimentally infected white mice]. | the alveolar echinococcus is one of the most dangerous worm parasites in man. rausch and schiller reported a new species, echinococcus sibiricensis n. sp. from arctic fox, alpex logopus, on st. lawrence island of alaska, usa. according to the view of vogel, the sibiricensis form is only a geographical race or subspecies of europe echinococcus multilocularis. so far, the two names, echinococcus multiocularis multilocularis and echinococcus multilocularis sibiricensis, existed in many references a ... | 2001 | 12549203 |
| bartonella infection in sylvatic small mammals of central sweden. | sylvatic small mammals were captured in rural habitats near uppsala, sweden, to measure the prevalence of bartonella infections, characterize bacterial isolates and identify their host range, and increase our understanding of host-pathogen ecology. during 7 nights of trapping at 3 localities, 236 small mammals were captured (trap success 30%). bartonella were isolated from bloods of apodemus flavicollis (19 of 110 tested), apodemus sylvaticus (6/25), clethrionomys glareolus (9/60), microtus agre ... | 2003 | 12613756 |
| genetic evidence for tula virus in microtus arvalis and microtus agrestis populations in croatia. | to determine the threat of hantavirus infection to u.s. forces, small mammals were sampled from training areas within croatia. of the 152 samples, 20 were positive for tula virus (tul), 12 common voles (microtus arvalis) and eight field voles (microtus agrestis). sequences from m. agrestis were found in five and sequences from m. arvalis were found in six of seven sequence groups. the high percentage of the same tul sequences in m. agrestis and m. arvalis suggests the co-occurrence of this virus ... | 2002 | 12656127 |
| exposure of small mammals, in particular the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus, to pesticide seed treatments. | field exposure of small mammals to fungicide-treated wheat seed was investigated over three weeks following drilling on fields near york, united kingdom. seed consumption by small mammals trapped on and immediately adjacent to the drilled fields was quantified by measuring the amount of seed in the stomach. in addition, exposure to one seed-treatment, fluquinconazole, was quantified by measuring residues of the fungicide in the stomach, liver, and intestine. the wood mouse, apodemus sylvaticus, ... | 2003 | 12729225 |
| [weight and histological changes in the adrenal glands of the field mouse (microtus agrestis l.) as a function of the sexual state]. | | 1955 | 13270470 |
| some aspects of concomitant infections of plasmodia and schistosomes. i. the effect of schistosoma mansoni on the course of infection of plasmodium berghei in the field vole (microtus guentheri). | | 1956 | 13381873 |
| [an unusual dermatosis in field mouse microtus agrestis l. caused by myocoptes tenax michael 1889 (acarina, listrophoridae) & the forgotten myocoptes sciurinus hennemann 1910]. | | 1958 | 13558452 |
| low levels of nucleotide diversity in mammalian y chromosomes. | sex chromosomes provide a useful context for the study of the relative importance of evolutionary forces affecting genetic diversity. the human y chromosome shows levels of nucleotide diversity 20% that of autosomes, which is significantly less than expected when differences in effective population size and sex-specific mutation rates are taken into account. to study the generality of low levels of y chromosome variability in mammalian genomes, we investigated nucleotide diversity in intron sequ ... | 2004 | 14595096 |
| two-year study of examination of blood from wild rodents for the presence of antiborrelian antibodies. | the aim of our work was to find the positivity rate of antibodrrelian antibodies (igg) in wild-living rodents in a locality situated in north moravia, czech republic. results of a survey for heart rinses (172) and sera (2) antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) from 6 species of 174 wild rodents from the northern part of the czech republic are presented. samples were obtained in 2001-2002 at one locality (studenka, 49 degrees 44', 18 degrees 05'). host samples included yellow-necke ... | 2003 | 14677912 |
| a striated muscle on the hard palate of rodents and rabbits. | summary a striated muscle of the hard palate has been previously described in some rodents and rabbits. it is not termed in the official veterinary anatomical nomenclature. the aim of this work was to verify the existence of this muscle. heads of the golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus), the guinea pig (cavia aperea f. porcellus), the laboratory rat (rattus norvegicus var. alba), the field vole (microtus agrestis) and the domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus) have been dissected ... | 2004 | 15027950 |
| disease dynamics in cyclic populations of field voles (microtus agrestis): cowpox virus and vole tuberculosis (mycobacterium microti). | the possible role of pathogens in rodent population cycles has been largely neglected since elton's 'epidemic hypothesis' of 1931. to revisit this question, 12 adjacent, cyclic but out-of-phase populations of field voles (microtus agrestis) in north east england were studied and the initial results are presented here. the prevalences of antibodies to cowpox virus and of clinical signs of mycobacterium microti infection (vole tuberculosis) showed delayed (not direct) density dependence (with a la ... | 2004 | 15255106 |
| sex-biased maternal investment in voles: importance of environmental conditions. | adaptive bias in sex allocation is traditionally proposed to be related to the condition of mothers as well as to the unequal fitness values of produced sexes. a positive relationship between mother condition and investment into male offspring is often predicted. this relationship was also recently found to depend on environmental conditions. we studied these causalities experimentally using a design where winter food supply was manipulated in eight outdoor-enclosed populations of field voles mi ... | 2004 | 15306337 |
| apoptosis distribution in the first molar tooth germ of the field vole (microtus agrestis). | apoptosis represents an important process in organ and tissue morphogenesis and remodeling during embryonic development. a role for apoptosis in shape formation of developing teeth has been suggested. the field vole is a useful model for comparative studies in odontogenesis, particularly because of its contrasting molar morphogenesis when compared to the mouse. however, little is known concerning apoptosis in tooth development of this species. morphological (cellular and nuclear alterations) and ... | 2004 | 15385152 |
| identification of bartonella species in rodents, shrews and cats in denmark: detection of two b. henselae variants, one in cats and the other in the long-tailed field mouse. | small mammals and stray cats were trapped in two areas of north zealand, denmark, and their blood cultured for hemotrophic bacteria. bacterial isolates were recovered in pure culture and subjected to 16s rdna gene sequencing. bartonella species were isolated from five mammalian species: b. grahamii from microtus agrestis (field vole) and apodemus flavicollis (yellow-necked field mouse); b. taylorii from m. agrestis, a. flavicollis and a. sylvaticus (long-tailed field mouse); b. tribocorum from a ... | 2004 | 15511270 |
| predator-induced synchrony in population oscillations of coexisting small mammal species. | comprehensive analyses of long-term (1977-2003) small-mammal abundance data from western finland showed that populations of microtus voles (field voles m. agrestis and sibling voles m. rossiaemeridionalis) voles, bank (clethrionomys glareolus) and common shrews (sorex araneus) fluctuated synchronously in 3 year population cycles. time-series analyses indicated that interspecific synchrony is influenced strongly by density-dependent processes. synchrony among microtus and bank voles appeared addi ... | 2005 | 15695211 |
| sheep grazing and rodent populations: evidence of negative interactions from a landscape scale experiment. | inter-specific competition, facilitation and predation influence herbivore assemblages, but no study has experimentally explored the interactions between large ungulates and small rodents. in a fully replicated, landscape scale experiment, we manipulated densities of domestic sheep in mountain pastures in norway. we then determined population growth and densities of rodents by live trapping in each of the areas with different sheep densities. we found that the (summer) population growth rate and ... | 2005 | 15726430 |
| origin and developmental fate of vestigial tooth primordia in the upper diastema of the field vole (microtus agrestis, rodentia). | odontogenesis in voles is a convenient model to test hypotheses on tooth development generated from investigations in the mouse. similar to other rodents, the functional dentition of the vole includes a toothless diastema. at its mesial end, a vestigial tooth bud has been found in the upper jaw of vole embryos. the aim of this study was to analyse the developmental dynamics of vestigial tooth structures in the upper diastema of the field vole and to compare it with the situation in the mouse. | 2004 | 15748693 |
| zoonotic reservoir of babesia microti in poland. | babesiosis is as one of the emerging human and animal diseases transmitted by ticks. it is caused intraerythrocytic parasites of the genus babesia. current evidence of human babesiosis suggests that the majority of cases are involved by babesia divergens and babesia microti piroplasms. as zoonotic reservoir of b. microti serve small mammals--insectivores and rodents. the occurrence of this parasite in natural environment in poland is documented for various regions, in the wide range of mammal ho ... | 2004 | 15787199 |
| caspase 3 activation in the primary enamel knot of developing molar tooth. | mammalian teeth develop during embryogenesis as epithelio-mesenchymal organs. the primary enamel knot is considered as a signaling center in tooth morphogenesis. after tooth bell formation, this epithelial structure undergoes apoptosis. activation of caspase 3 represents a crucial step in the intracellular death machinery. procaspase 3 and caspase 3 molecules were localized in the primary enamel knot of the field vole using immunohistochemistry. different fixation procedures in cryopreserved and ... | 2006 | 15910164 |
| relationship between vestibular lamina, dental lamina, and the developing oral vestibule in the upper jaw of the field vole (microtus agrestis, rodentia). | formation of the oral vestibule is ignored in most studies on tooth development, although dental and vestibular lamina are closely related to each other. knowledge about morphogenetic processes shaping the oral vestibule is missing almost completely. the aim of this study was to assess the developmental relationship between dental and vestibular lamina as well as formation of the oral vestibule in the upper jaw of the field vole (microtus agrestis), a small rodent representing an attractive mode ... | 2005 | 16025539 |
| bovine tuberculosis infection in wild mammals in the south-west region of england: a survey of prevalence and a semi-quantitative assessment of the relative risks to cattle. | in the united kingdom, badgers are implicated in the transmission of mycobacterium bovis to cattle, but little information is available on the potential role of other wild mammals. this paper presents the results of the largest systematic uk survey of m. bovis infection in other wild mammals. mammal carcasses (4715) from throughout the south-west region of england were subjected to a systematic post mortem examination, microbiological culture of tissues and spoligotyping of isolates. infection w ... | 2007 | 16434219 |
| toxoplasmosis: a serological survey in ontario wildlife. | sera from seven species of wild animals in ontario were examined for antibody to toxoplasma gondii using the sabin-feldman dye test. of 158 sera tested, 53% of the red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 56% of the striped skunks (mephitis mephitis), 78% of the coyotes (canis latrans), 33% of the black bears (ursus americanus), 18% of the short tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) and none of the field voles (microtus pennsylvanicus) had antibody. antibody to t. gondii was present in sera from wild animals cap ... | 1976 | 16502687 |
| proliferation and apoptosis in early molar morphogenesis-- voles as models in odontogenesis. | proliferation and apoptosis play crucial roles in the development of multicellular organisms. their precise balance is necessary for tissue homeostasis throughout life. the developing dentition is a suitable model to study proliferation and apoptosis during embryogenesis, but the corresponding studies have been carried out principally in the mouse. the present study aimed to examine proliferation and apoptosis in the vole (microtus sp., rodentia) during the early morphogenesis of the first upper ... | 2006 | 16586349 |
| [anoplura of rodents (rodentia) in northern poland]. | anoplura of rodents (rodentia) in northern poland. above 100 rodents belonging to 6 species (clethrionomys glareolus, microtus agrestis, m. arvalis, apodemus flavicollis, a. sylvaticus, mus musculus) caught in the various habitations were examined. the parasites found represented three species of anoplura: hoplopleura acanthopus, h. affinis and polyplax serrata. h. acanthopus appeard to be the most common parasite; it was found in all examined hosts, while mostly on the bank vole. | 2004 | 16859044 |
| diabetes and myocarditis in voles and lemmings at cyclic peak densities--induced by ljungan virus? | although it is well-documented from theoretical studies that pathogens have the capacity to generate cycles, the occurrence and role of pathogens and disease have been poorly empirically studied in cyclic voles and lemmings. in screening for the occurrence of disease in cyclic vole and lemming populations, we found that a high proportion of live-trapped clethrionomys glareolus, c. rufocanus, microtus agrestis and lemmus lemmus at high collective peak density, shortly before the decline, suffered ... | 2006 | 16868760 |
| a role for vector-independent transmission in rodent trypanosome infection? | within host-pathogen systems where vector-borne transmission is the primary route of infection, little or no attention has been paid to the relative importance of secondary or alternative routes of transmission. here, by contrast, we report the results from a controlled longitudinal field-scale experiment in which the prevalence of fleas (siphonaptera) was manipulated and the occurrence and distribution of a flea-borne protozoan (trypanosoma (herpetosoma) microti) in a natural field vole (microt ... | 2006 | 16876803 |
| intraspecific competition, growth, chemistry, and susceptibility to voles in seedlings of betula pendula. | we studied the effects of the intensity of intraspecific competition, as indicated by seedling density, and competitive success within populations, as indicated by seedling size, on the secondary chemistry of the stems of silver birch seedlings and their palatability to field voles. we found that the size of seedlings and their total phenolic concentrations were inversely related to stand density. voles, however, did not discriminate between seedlings grown at the densities studied. variation in ... | 2006 | 17001532 |
| cowpox virus infection in natural field vole microtus agrestis populations: delayed density dependence and individual risk. | 1. little is known about the dynamics of pathogen (microparasite) infection in wildlife populations, and less still about sources of variation in the risk of infection. here we present the first detailed analysis of such variation. 2. cowpox virus is an endemic sublethal pathogen circulating in populations of wild rodents. cowpox prevalence was monitored longitudinally for 2 years, in populations of field voles exhibiting multiannual cycles of density in kielder forest, uk. 3. the probability th ... | 2006 | 17032374 |
| contrasting dynamics of bartonella spp. in cyclic field vole populations: the impact of vector and host dynamics. | many zoonotic disease agents are transmitted between hosts by arthropod vectors, including fleas, but few empirical studies of host-vector-microparasite dynamics have investigated the relative importance of hosts and vectors. this study investigates the dynamics of 4 closely related bartonella species and their flea vectors in cyclic populations of field voles (microtus agrestis) over 3 years. the probability of flea infestation was positively related to field vole density 12 months previously i ... | 2007 | 17096870 |
| sympatric ixodes trianguliceps and ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on field voles (microtus agrestis): potential for increased risk of anaplasma phagocytophilum in the united kingdom? | the importance of wild rodents as reservoirs of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens is considered low in the united kingdom because, in studies to date, those parasitized by exophilic ixodes ricinus ticks carry almost exclusively larvae and thus have a minor role in transmission cycles. in a cross-sectional study, 11 (6.7%) of 163 field voles (microtus agrestis) captured at field sites in northern england were pcr-positive for anaplasma phagocytophilum. the voles were found to act as hosts for both la ... | 2006 | 17187576 |
| ultradian rhythms and the nutritional importance of caecotrophy in captive brandt's voles (lasiopodomys brandtii). | ingestion of soft faeces derived from caecal contents, caecotrophy, in herbivorous small mammals is considered an adaptation to the metabolic disadvantage of small body size, especially when feeding on diets of low quality. we investigated daily activity patterns in captive brandt's voles (lasiopodomys brandtii), including feeding, locomotion, caecotrophy, and defaecation, by continuous 24 h visual observation; and estimated the contribution of soft faeces ingestion (caecotrophy) to intake of pr ... | 2007 | 17211665 |
| dioxin exposure in contaminated sawmill area: the use of molar teeth and bone of bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) and field vole (microtus agrestis) as biomarkers. | developmental disorders of teeth are among the most sensitive targets of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and -furan (pcdd/f) exposure. in rats, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) reduces dose-dependently the size of molars, most severely the third lower molars. dioxins also have effects on developing bone, including altered bone mineral density as well as reduced bending breaking force and stiffness. the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the third lower molar and long bones a ... | 2007 | 17335869 |
| chromosomal evolution of arvicolinae (cricetidae, rodentia). i. the genome homology of tundra vole, field vole, mouse and golden hamster revealed by comparative chromosome painting. | cross-species chromosome painting has become the mainstay of comparative cytogenetic and chromosome evolution studies. here we have made a set of chromosomal painting probes for the field vole (microtus agrestis) by dop-pcr amplification of flow-sorted chromosomes. together with painting probes of golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus) and mouse (mus musculus), the field vole probes have been hybridized onto the metaphases of the tundra vole (microtus oeconomus). a comparative chromosome map betw ... | 2007 | 17497247 |
| chromosomal evolution of arvicolinae (cricetidae, rodentia). ii. the genome homology of two mole voles (genus ellobius), the field vole and golden hamster revealed by comparative chromosome painting. | using cross-species chromosome painting, we have carried out a comprehensive comparison of the karyotypes of two ellobius species with unusual sex determination systems: the transcaucasian mole vole, ellobius lutescens (2n = 17, x in both sexes), and the northern mole vole, ellobius talpinus (2n = 54, xx in both sexes). both ellobius species have highly rearranged karyotypes. the chromosomal paints from the field vole (microtus agrestis) detected, in total, 34 and 32 homologous autosomal regions ... | 2007 | 17924201 |
| disease effects on reproduction can cause population cycles in seasonal environments. | 1. recent studies of rodent populations have demonstrated that certain parasites can cause juveniles to delay maturation until the next reproductive season. furthermore, a variety of parasites may share the same host, and evidence is beginning to accumulate showing nonindependent effects of different infections. 2. we investigated the consequences for host population dynamics of a disease-induced period of no reproduction, and a chronic reduction in fecundity following recovery from infection (s ... | 2008 | 18005128 |
| tuberculosis (mycobacterium microti) in wild field vole populations. | vole tuberculosis (tb; mycobacterium microti) is an understudied endemic infection. despite progressing slowly, it causes severe clinical pathology and overt symptoms in its rodent host. tb was monitored for 2 years in wild field voles in kielder forest, uk. the prevalence of characteristic cutaneous tb lesions was monitored longitudinally at 4 sites, with individuals live-trapped and repeatedly monitored. a prevalence of 5.2% of individuals with lesions was recorded (n=2791). in a cross-section ... | 2008 | 18005472 |
| sensitivity to assumptions in models of generalist predation on a cyclic prey. | ecological theory predicts that generalist predators should damp or suppress long-term periodic fluctuations (cycles) in their prey populations and depress their average densities. however, the magnitude of these impacts is likely to vary depending on the availability of alternative prey species and the nature of ecological mechanisms driving the prey cycles. these multispecies effects can be modeled explicitly if parameterized functions relating prey consumption to prey abundance, and realistic ... | 2007 | 18027760 |
| cowpox virus infection in natural field vole microtus agrestis populations: significant negative impacts on survival. | 1. cowpox virus is an endemic virus circulating in populations of wild rodents. it has been implicated as a potential cause of population cycles in field voles microtus agrestis l., in britain, owing to a delayed density-dependent pattern in prevalence, but its impact on field vole demographic parameters is unknown. this study tests the hypothesis that wild field voles infected with cowpox virus have a lower probability of survival than uninfected individuals. 2. the effect of cowpox virus infec ... | 2008 | 18177331 |
| consumption of grass endophytes alters the ultraviolet spectrum of vole urine. | fungal endophytes of grasses are known to benefit their hosts directly by increasing resistance to herbivores through mycotoxins. we propose and test assumptions of a novel hypothesis according to which fungal endophytes of grasses may benefit their hosts also indirectly by increasing the conspicuousness of a mammalian herbivore, the field vole (microtus agrestis), to its avian predators by enhancing the ultraviolet visibility of vole urine. we found that field voles feeding on endophyte-infecte ... | 2008 | 18274778 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in small mammals from the ardennes region, france. | serum samples from 218 small mammals trapped in forest and grassland in the ardennes region (north-eastern france) were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. using the modified agglutination test, positive results were found in 4/92 apodemus sp., 3/64 clethrionomys glareolus, 0/26 microtus agrestis, 0/4 micromys minutus, 3/5 sorex sp., 2/9 arvicola terrestris, and 7/18 talpa europaea. toxoplasma gondii was not isolated from the heart of seropositive individuals after bioassay in mice. sero ... | 2007 | 18303774 |
| a new whipworm from arvicolid rodents, trichuris arvicolae feliu et al., 2000, in the helminth fauna of poland. | during the parasitological examination of wild rodents from the vicinity of wrocław a single whipworm female was isolated from a field vole microtus agrestis. the nematode was determined as trichuris arvicolae. this is the first report of this parasite in poland. | 2007 | 18441882 |
| parasite interactions in natural populations: insights from longitudinal data. | the physiological and immunological state of an animal can be influenced by current infections and infection history. consequently, both ongoing and previous infections can affect host susceptibility to another parasite, the biology of the subsequent infection (e.g. infection length) and the impact of infection on host morbidity (pathology). in natural populations, most animals will be infected by a succession of different parasites throughout the course of their lives, with probably frequent co ... | 2008 | 18474121 |
| prion protein amino acid determinants of differential susceptibility and molecular feature of prion strains in mice and voles. | the bank vole is a rodent susceptible to different prion strains from humans and various animal species. we analyzed the transmission features of different prions in a panel of seven rodent species which showed various degrees of phylogenetic affinity and specific prion protein (prp) sequence divergences in order to investigate the basis of vole susceptibility in comparison to other rodent models. at first, we found a differential susceptibility of bank and field voles compared to c57bl/6 and wo ... | 2008 | 18654630 |
| relative importance of ixodes ricinus and ixodes trianguliceps as vectors for anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia microti in field vole (microtus agrestis) populations. | the importance of ixodes ricinus in the transmission of tick-borne pathogens is well recognized in the united kingdom and across europe. however, the role of coexisting ixodes species, such as the widely distributed species ixodes trianguliceps, as alternative vectors for these pathogens has received little attention. this study aimed to assess the relative importance of i. ricinus and i. trianguliceps in the transmission of anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia microti among united kingdom fiel ... | 2008 | 18820068 |
| host condition and individual risk of cowpox virus infection in natural animal populations: cause or effect? | recent studies have provided evidence that endemic pathogens may affect dynamics in animals. however, such studies have not typically considered that infected individuals might have a preceding underlying poor condition. we examined whether individuals in poor condition are more likely to become infected by an endemic pathogen, using as a system the dynamics of cowpox virus in field voles. with data from monthly sampled vole populations, a nested case-control study evaluated whether susceptible ... | 2009 | 19144246 |
| seasonal host dynamics drive the timing of recurrent epidemics in a wildlife population. | the seasonality of recurrent epidemics has been largely neglected, especially where patterns are not driven by forces external to the population. here, we use data on cowpox virus in field voles to explore the seasonal patterns in wildlife (variable abundance) populations and compare these with patterns previously found in humans. timing in our system was associated with both the number and the rate of recruitment of susceptible hosts. a plentiful and sustained supply of susceptible hosts throug ... | 2009 | 19203924 |
| patterns of orthopox virus wild rodent hosts in south germany. | although cowpox virus (cpxv) infections in a variety of dead-end hosts have been investigated in germany for more than 50 years, data on species and geographical distribution of cpxv in reservoir hosts are sparse. here we present the first comprehensive study of 825 rodents that have been collected in bavaria, southern germany. in summary, six different rodent species (apodemus flavicollis, myodes glareolus, microtus arvalis, apodemus sylvaticus, microtus agrestis, and arvicola amphibius) were t ... | 2009 | 19492947 |
| mycobacterium microti: more diverse than previously thought. | mycobacterium microti is a member of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex of bacteria. this species was originally identified as a pathogen of small rodents and shrews and was associated with limited diversity and a much reduced spoligotype pattern. more recently, specific deletions of chromosomal dna have been shown to define this group of organisms, which can be identified by the absence of chromosomal region rd1(mic). we describe here the molecular characteristics of 141 strains of the myco ... | 2009 | 19535520 |
| physiological models of leptin resistance. | in common forms of obesity, animals and humans become leptin resistant associated with impaired regulation of energy homeostasis. over the last decade, significant advances in delineating the underlying mechanisms have been achieved. as well as the obvious scientific progress obtained by novel transgenic animals, natural and physiological models of leptin resistance such as the siberian hamster (phodoups sungorus), the field vole (microtus agrestis) or the rat during pregnancy have also provided ... | 2009 | 19732287 |
| the celtic fringe of britain: insights from small mammal phylogeography. | recent genetic studies have challenged the traditional view that the ancestors of british celtic people spread from central europe during the iron age and have suggested a much earlier origin for them as part of the human recolonization of britain at the end of the last glaciation. here we propose that small mammals provide an analogue to help resolve this controversy. previous studies have shown that common shrews (sorex araneus) with particular chromosomal characteristics and water voles (arvi ... | 2009 | 19793757 |
| extensive host sharing of central european tula virus. | to examine the host association of tula virus (tulv), a hantavirus present in large parts of europe, we investigated a total of 791 rodents representing 469 microtus arvalis and 322 microtus agrestis animals from northeast, northwest, and southeast germany, including geographical regions with sympatric occurrence of both vole species, for the presence of tulv infections. based on serological investigation, reverse transcriptase pcr, and subsequent sequence analysis of partial small (s) and mediu ... | 2010 | 19889769 |
| characterization of a novel wood mouse virus related to murid herpesvirus 4. | two novel gammaherpesviruses were isolated, one from a field vole (microtus agrestis) and the other from wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus). the genome of the latter, designated wood mouse herpesvirus (wmhv), was completely sequenced. wmhv had the same genome structure and predicted gene content as murid herpesvirus 4 (muhv4; murine gammaherpesvirus 68). overall nucleotide sequence identity between wmhv and muhv4 was 85 % and most of the 10 kb region at the left end of the unique region was particu ... | 2010 | 19940063 |
| maternal corticosterone but not testosterone level is associated with the ratio of second-to-fourth digit length (2d:4d) in field vole offspring (microtus agrestis). | the steroid environment encountered by a foetus can strongly affect its post-natal physiology and behaviour. it has been proposed that steroid concentrations experienced in utero could be estimated from adults by measuring their second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2d:4d). however, there is still little direct evidence that intra-uterine steroid levels affect individual 2d:4d. we examined whether maternal pre-pregnancy testosterone and corticosterone levels (as estimates of intra-uterine testost ... | 2010 | 19958785 |
| field vole (microtus agrestis) seasonal spacing behavior: the effect of predation risk by mustelids. | there are numerous studies showing that predation risk may change different aspects of the behavior of prey, such as habitat use, activity pattern, and foraging. prey should exhibit the strongest antipredatory response against their most deadly predator. small mustelids are considered the most important mammalian predators of voles. nevertheless, there is no general agreement as to whether strong antipredatory reactions exist in natural free-living populations of voles. here, we studied the fiel ... | 2010 | 20352179 |
| the relative susceptibility of the field-vole to the bovine, human and avian types of tubercle bacilli and to the vole strain of acid-fast bacillus (wells, 1937). | | 1939 | 20475488 |
| non-human primates in outdoor enclosures: risk for infection with rodent-borne hantaviruses. | different species of non-human primates have been exploited as animal disease models for human hantavirus infections. to study the potential risk of natural hantavirus infection of non-human primates, we investigated serum samples from non-human primates of three species living in outdoor enclosures of the german primate center (gpc), göttingen, located in a hantavirus endemic region of central germany. for that purpose we used serological assays based on recombinant antigens of the bank vole (m ... | 2011 | 20727685 |
| tick-borne encephalitis virus in wild rodents in winter, finland, 2008-2009. | rodents might maintain tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in nature through latent persistent infections. during 2 subsequent winters, 2008 and 2009, in finland, we detected rna of european and siberian subtypes of tbev in microtus agrestis and myodes glareolus voles, respectively. persistence in rodent reservoirs may contribute to virus overwintering. | 2011 | 21192857 |
| effects of abundance on infection in natural populations: field voles and cowpox virus. | detailed results on the dynamics of cowpox virus infection in four natural populations of the field vole, microtus agrestis, are presented. populations were sampled every 4 weeks (8 weeks in mid-winter) for 6 years. the purpose was to examine the relationships between overall or susceptible host abundance (n, s) and both the number of infected hosts (i) and the prevalence of infection (i/n). overall, both i and i/n increased with n. however, evidence for a threshold abundance, below which infect ... | 2009 | 21352750 |
| the vicious circle and infection intensity: the case of trypanosoma microti in field vole populations. | in natural populations, infection and condition may act synergistically to trigger a vicious circle: poor condition predisposes to host infections, which further reduce condition, and so on. if this vicious circle originates from a reduced resistance to infection, it will not only result in greater proneness to becoming infected of those that are in poorer condition, but it may also cause infections of higher intensity. here, we investigate the temporal relationship between host condition and in ... | 2009 | 21352763 |
| the common shrew (sorex araneus): a neglected host of tick-borne infections? | although the importance of rodents as reservoirs for a number of tick-borne infections is well established, comparatively little is known about the potential role of shrews, despite them occupying similar habitats. to address this, blood and tick samples were collected from common shrews (sorex araneus) and field voles (microtus agrestis), a known reservoir of various tick-borne infections, from sites located within a plantation forest in northern england over a 2-year period. of 647 blood sampl ... | 2011 | 21453011 |
| rodents as sentinels for the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus. | abstract introduction: tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) causes one of the most important flavivirus infections of the central nervous system, affecting humans in europe and asia. it is mainly transmitted by the bite of an infected tick and circulates among them and their vertebrate hosts. until now, tbe risk analysis in germany has been based on the incidence of human cases. because of an increasing vaccination rate, this approach might be misleading, especially in regions of low virus circu ... | 2011 | 21548766 |
| significant interspecies differences in induction profiles of hepatic cyp enzymes by tcdd in bank and field voles. | the gene expression and induction of cytochrome p450 (cyp)-enzymes following 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) peroral administration was studied in livers of two wild vole species-the bank vole (myodes glareolus) and the field vole (microtus agrestis). dioxin-sensitive c57bl/6 mouse was used as a reference. doses of 0.05, 0.5, 5.0, and 50 µg/kg were applied to ascertain a dose-response relationship, and the dose of 50 µg/kg was applied to study time course for up to 96 h. the cytochrom ... | 2011 | 22213473 |
| lysozyme activity in the plasma of rodents infected with their homologous trypanosomes. | in this study the concentration of lysozyme in blood plasma of microtus agrestis, clethrinomys glareolus, apodemus sylvaticus, bk rats and outbred white mice before and after infection with culture forms of trypanosoma microti, t, evotomys, t. grosi, t. lewisi and t. musculi respectively was measured. | 2012 | 23323096 |
| gonadal development and gonadotrophin secretion in the male vole (microtus agrestis) after an abrupt change in photoperiod. | male voles were reared from birth to age 28 days in 6l:18d. pairs of animals showing similar sexual development were assigned at random to 16l:8d or 6l:18d. treatments continued for a further 56 days. increase in the activity of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system occurred within 4 days of exposure to 16l:8d, as shown by significant elevation of plasma lh and fsh. pituitary lh did not increase until day 7, and pituitary fsh did not increase until day 21. after exposure to 16l:8d for 4 days, pitui ... | 2011 | 3084767 |
| a cytoplasmic organelle in adenohypophysial cells of the vole, microtus agrestis. | | 2016 | 5070833 |
| effects of age and photoperiod on the responsiveness of the pituitary gland of the vole (microtus agrestis) to stimulation by gnrh. | male voles were raised from birth to 100 days of age in photoperiods of 16l:8d or 6l:18d. in the long photoperiod testes increased in size between 15 and 80 days of age, and there was an increase in seminal vesicle weight from 60 days of age. spermatozoa were present in the testes at 60 days of age. in the short photoperiod testicular growth did not begin until 50 days of age with the seminal vesicles beginning to increase at 80 days of age. spermatozoa were present in testes at 100 days of age. ... | 2010 | 3080597 |
| fine structure of the mandibular gland in japanese field vole (microtus montebelli). | the mandibular glands of the japanese field vole were examined by light microscopy, and transmission and scanning electron microscopies. the acinar cells contained light and coarse secretory granules, and reacted with pas and stained slightly with ab; they were considered to be seromucous in nature. the acinar epithelium was composed of light and dark cells containing many secretory granules. the intercalated duct cells consisted of light cells possessing a few dense granules. a few cytoplasmic ... | 2008 | 3542536 |
| breeding structure in two field vole populations. | | 2012 | 3286581 |
| seasonal changes in pituitary prolactin and growth hormone content of field voles in different reproductive states (microtus arvalis pall., rodentia). | | 2015 | 4619281 |