| the allergen profile of beech and oak pollen. | beech and oak pollen are potential allergen sources with a world-wide distribution. | 2008 | 18754759 |
| visible leaf injury in young trees of fagus sylvatica l. and quercus robur l. in relation to ozone uptake and ozone exposure. an open-top chambers experiment in south alpine environmental conditions. | an open-top chambers experiment on fagus sylvatica and quercus robur seedlings was conducted in order to compare the performance of an exposure-based (aot40) and a flux-based approaches in predicting the appearance of ozone visible injuries on leaves. three different ozone treatments (charcoal-filtered; non-filtered; and open plots) and two soil moisture treatments (watered and non-watered plots) were performed. a jarvisian stomatal conductance model was drawn up and parameterised for both speci ... | 2008 | 17688979 |
| woody plant richness and ndvi response to drought events in catalonian (northeastern spain) forests. | the role of species diversity on ecosystem resistance in the face of strong environmental fluctuations has been addressed from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints to reveal a variety of positive and negative relationships. here we explore empirically the relationship between the richness of forest woody species and canopy resistance to extreme drought episodes. we compare richness data from an extensive forest inventory to a temporal series of satellite imagery that estimated drought im ... | 2007 | 17918405 |
| short-term dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrates and hemicelluloses in young branches of temperate forest trees during bud break. | nonstructural carbohydrates (nsc) are the most important c reserves in the tissues of deciduous and evergreen tree species. besides nsc, cell-wall hemicelluloses as the second most abundant polysaccharides in plants have often been discussed to serve as additional mobile carbon (c) reserves during periods of enhanced carbon-sink activities. to assess the significance of hemicelluloses as mobile carbon reserves, branches of two deciduous (carpinus betulus l. and fagus sylvatica l.) and two evergr ... | 2009 | 19457884 |
| down-regulation of defense genes and resource allocation into infected roots as factors for compatibility between fagus sylvatica and phytophthora citricola. | phytophthora citricola is a wide spread and highly aggressive pathogen of fagus sylvatica. the hemibiotrophic oomycete infects the roots and establishes a compatible interaction with f. sylvatica. to investigate the transcriptional changes associated with p. citricola infection, 68 custom oligo-microarray measurements were conducted. hierarchical as well as non-hierarchical clustering was carried out to analyze the expression profiles. experimental setup includes a time scale covering the biotro ... | 2010 | 19813036 |
| different atmospheric methane-oxidizing communities in european beech and norway spruce soils. | norway spruce (picea abies) forests exhibit lower annual atmospheric methane consumption rates than do european beech (fagus sylvatica) forests. in the current study, pmoa (encoding a subunit of membrane-bound ch(4) monooxygenase) genes from three temperate forest ecosystems with both beech and spruce stands were analyzed to assess the potential effect of tree species on methanotrophic communities. a pmoa sequence difference of 7% at the derived protein level correlated with the species-level di ... | 2010 | 20348309 |
| high chloroplast haplotype diversity in greek populations of beech (fagus sylvatica l.). | the distribution of chloroplast dna (cpdna) variations in greek beech (fagus sylvatica l.) populations was studied using chloroplast microsatellite markers. thirteen haplotypes were identified from 40 populations by combining three different primers. most of the cpdna variation was distributed among populations, but a considerable variation was also observed within populations. the total diversity was very high for all regions. the n(st)/g(st) comparison was significant, indicating phylogenetic ... | 2009 | 19470113 |
| changes in susceptibility of beech (fagus sylvatica) seedlings towards phytophthora citricola under the influence of elevated atmospheric co2 and nitrogen fertilization. | the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis (gdbh) predicts changes in susceptibility of plants against herbivores with changing resource availability. in the presented study we tested the validity of the gdbh for trees infected with a root pathogen. for this purpose fagus sylvatica seedlings grown under different atmospheric co(2)- and soil nitrogen regimes were infected with the root pathogen phytophthora citricola. high nitrogen supply increased total biomass of beech regardless of the co(2 ... | 2010 | 19880228 |
| experimental research on recolonisation with anemone nemorosa of the beech forests of the ruhr district (germany) floristically impoverished by air pollution. | high so(2) concentrations as have been observed over decades in the ruhr district lead to a remarkable reduction of leaf area in the majority of the characteristic broad-leafed herbs of the central european beech forests even after only a few months of experimental fumigation. thus, it is no wonder in the time of high so(2) pollution, e.g., in the town of herne (centre of the ruhr district), that there was not a single beech forest hosting, for instance, viola reichenbachiana or anemone nemorosa ... | 2008 | 18622635 |
| the nuclear interactor pyl8/rcar3 of fagus sylvatica fspp2c1 is a positive regulator of abscisic acid signaling in seeds and stress. | the functional protein phosphatase type 2c from beechnut (fagus sylvatica; fspp2c1) was a negative regulator of abscisic acid (aba) signaling in seeds. in this report, to get deeper insight on fspp2c1 function, we aim to identify pp2c-interacting partners. two closely related members (pyl8/rcar3 and pyl7/rcar2) of the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) betv i family were shown to bind fspp2c1 in a yeast two-hybrid screening and in an aba-independent manner. by transient expression of fspp2c1 and ... | 2010 | 19889877 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of responses to pathogen infection and wounding in fagus sylvatica. | defense responses of fagus sylvatica seedlings elicited by infection with the root pathogen phytophthora citricola and root or leaf wounding were compared at local and systemic levels in differential display experiments using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by homology-driven mass spectrometric identification of proteins. a total of 68 protein spots were identified representing 51 protein functions related to protein synthesis and processing, energy, primary and secondary metabolism ... | 2009 | 19575529 |
| assessing the long-term species composition predicted by prognaus. | tree growth models are supposed to contain stand growth laws as so called "emergent properties" which derive from interactions of individual-tree growth and mortality functions. this study investigates whether the evolving tree species composition in a long term simulation by the distance-independent tree growth model prognaus matches the species composition of the potential natural vegetation type which is expected to occur if one refrains from further management interventions and major disturb ... | 2010 | 21151325 |
| thermal acclimation of leaf dark respiration of beech seedlings experiencing summer drought in high and low light environments. | little is known about how environmental factors shape the short- and long-term responses of leaf respiration to temperature under field conditions despite the importance of respiration for plant and stand carbon balances. impacts of water availability and canopy cover on leaf dark respiration (r) and temperature sensitivity were assessed in beech (fagus sylvatica l.) seedlings in a sub-mediterranean population. we studied seedlings established within canopy gaps (39% global site factor; gsf) tha ... | 2010 | 20007131 |
| does nitrogen deposition increase forest production? the role of phosphorus. | effects of elevated n deposition on forest aboveground biomass were evaluated using long-term data from n addition experiments and from forest observation plots in switzerland. n addition experiments with saplings were established both on calcareous and on acidic soils, in 3 plots with fagus sylvatica and in 4 plots with picea abies. the treatments were conducted during 15 years and consisted of additions of dry nh4no3 at rates of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 kg n ha(-1) yr(-1). the same tree spec ... | 2010 | 20015583 |
| deriving ozone dose-response of photosynthesis in adult forest trees from branch-level cuvette gas exchange assessment. | branch-level gas exchange provided the basis for assessing ozone flux in order to derive the dose-response relationship between cumulative o3 uptake (cou) and carbon gain in the upper sun crown of adult fagus sylvatica. fluxes of ozone, co2 and water vapour were monitored simultaneously by climatized branch cuvettes. the cuvettes allowed branch exposure to an ambient or twice-ambient o3 regime, while tree crowns were exposed to the same o3 regimes (twice-ambient generated by a free-air canopy o3 ... | 2008 | 18440679 |
| age-related variation in carbon allocation at tree and stand scales in beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and sessile oak (quercus petraea (matt.) liebl.) using a chronosequence approach. | two types of physiological mechanisms can contribute to growth decline with age: (i) the mechanisms leading to the reduction of carbon assimilation (input) and (ii) those leading to modification of the resource economy. surprisingly, the processes relating to carbon allocation have been little investigated as compared to research on the processes governing carbon assimilation. the objective of this paper was thus to test the hypothesis that growth decrease related to age is accompanied by change ... | 2010 | 20018984 |
| combining sap flow and eddy covariance approaches to derive stomatal and non-stomatal o3 fluxes in a forest stand. | stomatal o3 fluxes to a mixed beech/spruce stand (fagus sylvatica/picea abies) in central europe were determined using two different approaches. the sap flow technique yielded the tree-level transpiration, whereas the eddy covariance method provided the stand-level evapotranspiration. both data were then converted into stomatal ozone fluxes, exemplifying this novel concept for july 2007. sap flow-based stomatal o3 flux was 33% of the total o3 flux, whereas derivation from evapotranspiration rate ... | 2010 | 20056523 |
| lead isotope ratios in tree bark pockets: an indicator of past air pollution in the czech republic. | tree bark pockets were collected at four sites in the czech republic with differing levels of lead (pb) pollution. the samples, spanning 1923-2005, were separated from beech (fagus sylvatica) and spruce (picea abies). elevated pb content (0.1-42.4 microg g(-1)) reflected air pollution in the city of prague. the lowest pb content (0.3-2.6 microg g(-1)) was found at the kosetice emep "background pollution" site. changes in (206)pb/(207)pb and (208)pb/(206)pb isotope ratios were in agreement with o ... | 2008 | 18597820 |
| quantification of mrnas and housekeeping gene selection for quantitative real-time rt-pcr normalization in european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) during abiotic and biotic stress. | analyses of different plant stressors are often based on gene expression studies. quantitative real-time rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) is the most sensitive method for the detection of low abundance transcripts. however, a critical point to note is the selection of housekeeping genes as an internal control. many so-called 'housekeeping genes' are often affected by different stress factors and may not be suitable for use as an internal reference. we tested six housekeeping genes of european beech by qrt-pcr u ... | 2008 | 18811005 |
| status of the southern carpathian forests in the long-term ecological research network. | air pollution, bulk precipitation, throughfall, soil condition, foliar nutrients, as well as forest health and growth were studied in 2006-2009 in a long-term ecological research (lter) network in the bucegi mountains, romania. ozone (o(3)) was high indicating a potential for phytotoxicity. ammonia (nh(3)) concentrations rose to levels that could contribute to deposition of nutritional nitrogen (n) and could affect biodiversity changes. higher that 50% contribution of acidic rain (ph < 5.5) cont ... | 2012 | 22234644 |
| validation of the stomatal flux approach for the assessment of ozone visible injury in young forest trees. results from the top (transboundary ozone pollution) experiment at curno, italy. | this paper summarises some of the main results of a two-year experiment carried out in an open-top chambers facility in northern italy. seedlings of populus nigra, fagus sylvatica, quercus robur and fraxinus excelsior have been subjected to different ozone treatments (charcoal-filtered and non-filtered air) and soil moisture regimes (irrigated and non-irrigated plots). stomatal conductance models were applied and parameterised under south alpine environmental conditions and stomatal ozone fluxes ... | 2009 | 19019512 |
| sapling herbivory, invertebrate herbivores and predators across a natural tree diversity gradient in germany's largest connected deciduous forest. | tree species-rich forests are hypothesised to be less susceptible to insect herbivores, but so far herbivory-diversity relationships have rarely been tested for tree saplings, and no such study has been published for deciduous forests in central europe. we expected that diverse tree communities reduce the probability of detection of host plants and increase abundance of predators, thereby reducing herbivory. we examined levels of herbivory suffered by beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and maple sapling ... | 2009 | 19238448 |
| identification and characterization of differentially expressed genes from fagus sylvatica roots after infection with phytophthora citricola. | phytophthora species are major plant pathogens infecting herbaceous and woody plants including european beech, the dominant or co-dominant tree in temperate europe and an economically important species. for the analysis of the interaction of phytophthora citricola with fagus sylvatica suppression subtractive hybridization was used to isolate transcripts induced during infection and 1,149 sequences were generated. hybridizations with driver and tester populations demonstrated differential express ... | 2009 | 19290528 |
| is energy supply the trigger for reproductive activity in male edible dormice (glis glis)? | in edible dormice (glis glis) reproduction is synchronised with the intermittent masting of the european beech (fagus sylvatica). in years of mast failure dormouse males seem to anticipate future low food availability and fail to develop functional testes. we hypothesised that the availability of high-quality food is linked to male reproductive capacity, because of high male energetic demands during gonad maturation. we therefore evaluated the relationship between beech seed production and male ... | 2009 | 19430940 |
| responses of canopy duration to temperature changes in four temperate tree species: relative contributions of spring and autumn leaf phenology. | while changes in spring phenological events due to global warming have been widely documented, changes in autumn phenology, and therefore in growing season length, are less studied and poorly understood. however, it may be helpful to assess the potential lengthening of the growing season under climate warming in order to determine its further impact on forest productivity and c balance. the present study aimed to: (1) characterise the sensitivity of leaf phenological events to temperature, and ( ... | 2009 | 19449036 |
| twenty years of biological monitoring of element concentrations in permanent forest and grassland plots in baden-württemberg (sw germany). | environmental monitoring of pollutants in international or local programmes has enabled authorities to evaluate the success of political measures over time. strict environmental legislation and the introduction of cleaner technologies have already led to significant improvements of the air and water quality in many countries. still, the discharge and deposition of anthropogenic long-range transported pollutants often remain above the critical thresholds and long-term targets defined for terrestr ... | 2010 | 19455359 |
| in vitro anticancer potential of tree extracts from the walloon region forest. | forty-eight extracts from 16 common belgian trees from the walloon region forest were evaluated for in vitro growth inhibitory activity against the human lovo colon cancer, pc3 prostate cancer, and u373 glioblastoma cell lines. our study was performed with the aim of selecting plant candidates in order to later isolate new anticancer compounds from an easily affordable tree material. extracts from alnus glutinosa (stem bark), carpinus betulus (leaves and stem bark), castanea sativa (stem bark), ... | 2009 | 19579185 |
| water fluxes within beech stands in complex terrain. | we investigated the water balances of two beech stands (fagus sylvatica l.) on opposite slopes (ne, sw) of a narrow valley near tuttlingen in the southern swabian jura, a low mountain range in southwest germany. our analysis combines results from continuous measurements of forest meteorological variables significant to the forest water balance, stand transpiration (st) estimates from sap flow measurements, and model simulations of microclimate and water fluxes. two different forest hydrological ... | 2010 | 19629535 |
| biomass and nutrient content of sessile oak (quercus petraea (matt.) liebl.) and beech (fagus sylvatica l.) stem and branches in a mixed stand in southern belgium. | accurate estimates of the amounts of nutrients immobilised in the organs and tissues of different tree species are of prime importance to make appropriate tree species selection and determine the harvesting regime that will ensure forest sustainability. sixteen sessile oaks (quercus petraea (matt.) liebl.) (64-129years; stem diameters: 17-57cm) and twelve beeches (fagus sylvatica l.) (43-86years; stem diameters: 9-50cm) were destructively sampled from a mixed stand located on an acid brown soil ... | 2010 | 20231032 |
| mechanism of antibacterial activity of the white-rot fungus hypholoma fasciculare colonizing wood. | in a previous study it was shown that the number of wood-inhabiting bacteria was drastically reduced after colonization of beech (fagus sylvatica) wood blocks by the white-rot fungus hypholoma fasciculare, or sulfur tuft (folman et al. 2008). here we report on the mechanisms of this fungal-induced antibacterial activity. hypholoma fasciculare was allowed to invade beech and pine (pinus sylvestris) wood blocks that had been precolonized by microorganisms from forest soil. the changes in the numbe ... | 2010 | 20555400 |
| enhanced ozone strongly reduces carbon sink strength of adult beech (fagus sylvatica)--resume from the free-air fumigation study at kranzberg forest. | ground-level ozone (o(3)) has gained awareness as an agent of climate change. in this respect, key results are comprehended from a unique 8-year free-air o(3)-fumigation experiment, conducted on adult beech (fagus sylvatica) at kranzberg forest (germany). a novel canopy o(3) exposure methodology was employed that allowed whole-tree assessment in situ under twice-ambient o(3) levels. elevated o(3) significantly weakened the c sink strength of the tree-soil system as evidenced by lowered photosynt ... | 2010 | 20570421 |
| below-ground carbon allocation in mature beech and spruce trees following long-term, experimentally enhanced o3 exposure in southern germany. | canopies of adult european beech (fagus sylvatica) and norway spruce (picea abies) were labeled with co(2) depleted in (13)c to evaluate carbon allocation belowground. one-half the trees were exposed to elevated o(3) for 6 yrs prior to and during the experiment. soil-gas sampling wells were placed at 8 and 15 cm and soil co(2) was sampled during labeling in mid-late august, 2006. in beech, delta(13)co(2) at both depths decreased approximately 50 h after labeling, reflecting rapid translocation o ... | 2010 | 20641169 |
| ecology of coarse wood decomposition by the saprotrophic fungus fomes fomentarius. | saprotrophic wood-inhabiting basidiomycetes are the most important decomposers of lignin and cellulose in dead wood and as such they attracted considerable attention. the aims of this work were to quantify the activity and spatial distribution of extracellular enzymes in coarse wood colonised by the white-rot basidiomycete fomes fomentarius and in adjacent fruitbodies of the fungus and to analyse the diversity of the fungal and bacterial community in a fungus-colonised wood and its potential eff ... | 2010 | 20668917 |
| the ecological significance of phenology in four different tree species: effects of light and temperature on bud burst. | the process of adaptation is the result of stabilising selection caused by two opposite forces: protection against an unfavourable season (survival adaptation), and effective use of growing resources (capacity adaptation). as plant species have evolved different life strategies based on different trade offs between survival and capacity adaptations, different phenological responses are also expected among species. the aim of this study was to compare budburst responses of two opportunistic speci ... | 2010 | 21113629 |
| long-term tree inventory data from mountain forest plots in france. | we present repeated tree measurement data from 63 permanent plots in mountain forests in france. plot elevations range from 800 (lower limit of the montane belt) to 1942 m above sea level (subalpine belt). forests mainly consist of pure or mixed stands dominated by european beech (fagus sylvatica), silver fir (abies alba), and norway spruce (picea abies), in association with various broadleaved species at low elevation and with arolla pine (pinus cembra) at high elevation. the plot network inclu ... | 2017 | 28145102 |
| temperature range shifts for three european tree species over the last 10,000 years. | we quantified the degree to which the relationship between the geographic distribution of three major european tree species, abies alba, fagus sylvatica and picea abies and january temperature (tjan) has remained stable over the past 10,000 years. we used an extended data-set of fossil pollen records over europe to reconstruct spatial variation in tjan values for each 1000-year time slice between 10,000 and 3000 years bp (before present). we evaluated the relationships between the occurrences of ... | 2016 | 27826308 |
| comparison of δ(18)o and δ(13)c values between tree-ring whole wood and cellulose in five species growing under two different site conditions. | we investigated the applicability of tree-ring whole-wood material for δ(18)o and δ(13)c analysis in comparison with the more time- and resource-intensive use of cellulose, by considering possible variability between (i) five different tree species (fagus sylvatica, quercus robur, picea abies, abies alba, pseudotsuga menziesii), (ii) two sites that differ in soil moisture, and (iii) climate conditions within a 10-year period. | 2015 | 26522315 |
| influence of catchment vegetation on mercury accumulation in lake sediments from a long-term perspective. | organic matter (om) cycling has a large impact on the cycling of mercury (hg) in the environment. hence, it is important to have a thorough understanding on how changes in, e.g., catchment vegetation - through its effect on om cycling - affect the behavior of hg. to test whether shifts in vegetation had an effect on hg-transport to lakes we investigated a sediment record from herrenwieser see (southern germany). this lake has a well-defined holocene vegetation history: at ~8700years bp corylus a ... | 2015 | 26363145 |
| past and future evolution of abies alba forests in europe - comparison of a dynamic vegetation model with palaeo data and observations. | information on how species distributions and ecosystem services are impacted by anthropogenic climate change is important for adaptation planning. palaeo data suggest that abies alba formed forests under significantly warmer-than-present conditions in europe and might be a native substitute for widespread drought-sensitive temperate and boreal tree species such as beech (fagus sylvatica) and spruce (picea abies) under future global warming conditions. here, we combine pollen and macrofossil data ... | 2016 | 26316296 |
| planting sentinel european trees in eastern asia as a novel method to identify potential insect pest invaders. | quarantine measures to prevent insect invasions tend to focus on well-known pests but a large proportion of the recent invaders were not known to cause significant damage in their native range, or were not even known to science before their introduction. a novel method is proposed to detect new potential pests of woody plants in their region of origin before they are introduced to a new continent. since asia is currently considered to be the main supplier of insect invaders to europe, sentinel t ... | 2015 | 25993342 |
| tree mineral nutrition is deteriorating in europe. | the response of forest ecosystems to increased atmospheric co2 is constrained by nutrient availability. it is thus crucial to account for nutrient limitation when studying the forest response to climate change. the objectives of this study were to describe the nutritional status of the main european tree species, to identify growth-limiting nutrients and to assess changes in tree nutrition during the past two decades. we analysed the foliar nutrition data collected during 1992-2009 on the intens ... | 2015 | 24920268 |
| disparity in elevational shifts of european trees in response to recent climate warming. | predicting climate-driven changes in plant distribution is crucial for biodiversity conservation and management under recent climate change. climate warming is expected to induce movement of species upslope and towards higher latitudes. however, the mechanisms and physiological processes behind the altitudinal and latitudinal distribution range of a tree species are complex and depend on each tree species features and vary over ontogenetic stages. we investigated the altitudinal distribution dif ... | 2013 | 23572443 |
| differences in pigment composition, photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll fluorescence images of sun and shade leaves of four tree species. | the differential pigment composition and photosynthetic activity of sun and shade leaves of deciduous (acer pseudoplatanus, fagus sylvatica, tilia cordata) and coniferous (abies alba) trees was comparatively determined by studying the photosynthetic rates via co(2) measurements and also by imaging the chl fluorescence decrease ratio (r(fd)), which is an in vivo indicator of the net co(2) assimilation rates. the thicker sun leaves and needles in all tree species were characterized by a lower spec ... | 2007 | 17587589 |
| acclimation of leaves to contrasting irradiance in juvenile trees differing in shade tolerance. | leaves developing in different irradiances undergo structural and functional acclimation, although the extent of trait plasticity is species specific. we tested the hypothesis that irradiance-induced plasticity of photosynthetic and anatomical traits is lower in highly shade-tolerant species than in moderately shade-tolerant species. seedlings of two evergreen conifers, shade-tolerant abies alba mill. and moderately shade-tolerant picea abies karst., and two deciduous angiosperm species, highly ... | 2007 | 17545129 |
| stem breakage of trees and energy dissipation during rockfall impacts. | the capacity of individual trees to dissipate the energy released by rockfalls has previously only been quantified based on data obtained from static tree-pulling tests or from dynamic impact tests on wood samples. we predicted that these data are not representative of the maximum amount of energy that can be dissipated by living trees during rockfall impacts. to test this prediction, we carried out rockfall experiments on a forested slope in the french alps. to calculate the rock's energy befor ... | 2006 | 16203715 |
| genetic effects of air pollution on forest tree species of the carpathian mountains. | the effects of air pollution on the genetic structure of norway spruce, european silver fir and european beech were studied at four polluted sites in slovakia, romania and czech republic. in order to reduce potential effects of site heterogeneity on the health condition, pair-wise sampling of pollution-tolerant and sensitive trees was applied. genotypes of sampled trees were determined at 21 isozyme gene loci of spruce, 18 loci of fir and 15 loci of beech. in comparison with norway spruce, fewer ... | 2004 | 15046843 |
| chemical and morphological characteristics of key tree species of the carpathian mountains. | concentrations of al, b, ca, cu, fe, k, mg, mn, n, na, p, s and zn in the foliage of white fir (abies alba), norway spruce (picea abies) and common beech (fagus sylvatica) from 25 sites of the carpathian mts. forests (czech republic, poland, romania, slovakia and ukraine) are discussed in a context of their limit values. s/n ratio was different from optimum in 90% of localities when compared with the european limit values. likewise we found increase of fe and cu concentrations compared with thei ... | 2004 | 15046839 |
| vegetation of the selected forest stands and land use in the carpathian mountains. | within the framework of the project "effects of forest health on biodiversity with emphasis on air pollution in the carpathian mountains" 26 permanent study sites were established in the vicinity of the ozone monitoring sites. the study sites were located on the nw-se transect through the western (12 sites), eastern (11 sites) and southern (3 sites) carpathians in forest ecosystems typical of each area. some of the forest monitoring sites were located in national parks, biosphere reserves and ar ... | 2004 | 15046837 |
| selection effects of air pollution on gene pools of norway spruce, european silver fir and european beech. | the effects of industrial pollution on allelic and genotypic structures of norway spruce. european silver fir and european beech were investigated by means of isozyme analysis. in a mixed norway spruce-silver fir forest stand in an area heavily polluted by sulphur dioxide and heavy metals in the region of spis (eastern slovakia), pairs of neighbouring damaged and apparently healthy trees were selected in two replicates (44 and 69 pairs in a heavily and moderately damaged stand, respectively). pa ... | 2001 | 11789921 |
| consistency of observations of forest tree defoliation in three european countries. | the crown densities of 186 trees of five common european tree species (norway spruce (picea abies), silver fir (abies alba), scots pine (pinus sylvestris), oak (quercus robur) and beech (fagus sylvatica) were assessed simultaneously by observation teams from france, germany and the united kingdom. major differences in the scores existed, with the maximum difference on any one tree being 45%. differences tended to be consistent, with the french team scoring more lightly than the german team and t ... | 1993 | 24227454 |
| performance of some growth variables. | european beech (fagus sylvatica l.), norway spruce (picea abies l. karst.) and silver fir (abies alba mill.) were exposed to low concentrations of ozone (o(3)) and sulfur dioxide (so(2)), alone and combined, and simulated acid rain (ph 4.0) in sheltered open-top chambers in hohenheim (southwest germany) for almost five years. the concentrations of o(3) and so(2) used were related to annual ambient average found in southern west germany. two control chambers were ventilated with charcoal filtered ... | 1990 | 15092188 |
| visible injury responses. | during a five year experiment on the causes of forest disease, symptoms of visible injury and pest infestations in trees treated with various air pollutants in open-top chambers were observed. though the long-term experiment was originally not intended to include such investigations, insect infestation and some discoloration of the trees (beech, fagus sylvatica; fir, abies alba; spruce, picea abies) could not be avoided. abundance and size of some of the insects were measured after two years and ... | 1990 | 15092183 |
| general methods and materials. | in the winter of 1982-83 an experiment was initiated at the university of hohenheim to investigate the long-term effects of near ambient concentrations of o(3), so(2), and simulated acidic rain and fog, alone and in combination, on mineral cycling, physiology, biochemistry and anatomy of norway spruce (picea abies l. karst.), silver fir (abies alba mill.) and european beech (fagus silvatica l.) seedlings in model ecosystems. open-top chambers above soil lysimeters were protected with shelters 1 ... | 1990 | 15092174 |
| in situ assessment of the velocity of carbon transfer by tracing (13) c in trunk co(2) efflux after pulse labelling: variations among tree species and seasons. | • phloem is the main pathway for transferring photosynthates belowground. in situ(13) c pulse labelling of trees 8-10 m tall was conducted in the field on 10 beech (fagus sylvatica) trees, six sessile oak (quercus petraea) trees and 10 maritime pine (pinus pinaster) trees throughout the growing season. • respired (13) co(2) from trunks was tracked at different heights using tunable diode laser absorption spectrometry to determine time lags and the velocity of carbon transfer (v). the isotope com ... | 2011 | 21231935 |
| ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity, tree diversity and root nutrient relations in a mixed central european forest. | knowledge is limited about whether root nutrient concentrations are affected by mixtures of tree species and interspecific root competition. the goal of this field study was to investigate root nutrient element concentrations in relation to root and ectomycorrhizal (em) diversity in six different mixtures of beech (fagus sylvatica), ash (fraxinus excelsior) and lime (tilia sp.) in an old-growth, undisturbed forest ecosystem. root biomass and nutrient concentrations per tree taxon as well as the ... | 2011 | 21636693 |
| simulated nitrogen deposition affects wood decomposition by cord-forming fungi. | anthropogenic nitrogen (n) deposition affects many natural processes, including forest litter decomposition. saprotrophic fungi are the only organisms capable of completely decomposing lignocellulosic (woody) litter in temperate ecosystems, and therefore the responses of fungi to n deposition are critical in understanding the effects of global change on the forest carbon cycle. plant litter decomposition under elevated n has been intensively studied, with varying results. the complexity of fores ... | 2011 | 21735202 |
| N(2) fixation and cycling in Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula and Fagus sylvatica woodland exposed to free air CO(2) enrichment. | We measured the effect of elevated atmospheric CO(2) on atmospheric nitrogen (N(2)) fixation in the tree species Alnus glutinosa growing in monoculture or in mixture with the non-N(2)-fixing tree species Betula pendula and Fagus sylvatica. We addressed the hypotheses that (1) N(2) fixation in A. glutinosa will increase in response to increased atmospheric CO(2) concentrations, when growing in monoculture, (2) the impact of elevated CO(2) on N(2) fixation in A. glutinosa is the same in mixture an ... | 2011 | 22179329 |
| The occurrence and rapid discrimination of Fomes fomentarius genotypes by ITS-RFLP analysis. | Sequence comparison of available Fomes fomentarius (L.) J. Kickx f. internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA sequences demonstrated genetic non-homogeneity of the species. Multiple sequence alignment indicated the presence of two genotypes with overall similarity of about 97% and a strong statistics support. Rapid and reliable method for discrimination of F. fomentarius genotypes based on restriction digestion of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified ITS sequences was developed. Bs ... | 2012 | 22208610 |
| simulating stand climate, phenology, and photosynthesis of a forest stand with a process-based growth model. | in the face of climate change and accompanying risks, forest management in europe is becoming increasingly important. model simulations can help to understand the reactions and feedbacks of a changing environment on tree growth. in order to simulate forest growth based on future climate change scenarios, we tested the basic processes underlying the growth model balance, simulating stand climate (air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (par) and precipitation), tree phenology, and ph ... | 2010 | 20084520 |
| girdling affects ectomycorrhizal fungal (emf) diversity and reveals functional differences in emf community composition in a beech forest. | the relationships between plant carbon resources, soil carbon and nitrogen content, and ectomycorrhizal fungal (emf) diversity in a monospecific, old-growth beech (fagus sylvatica) forest were investigated by manipulating carbon flux by girdling. we hypothesized that disruption of the carbon supply would not affect diversity and emf species numbers if em fungi can be supplied by plant internal carbohydrate resources or would result in selective disappearance of emf taxa because of differences in ... | 2010 | 20097809 |
| phytophthora morindae, a new species causing black flag disease on noni (morinda citrifolia l) in hawaii. | a homothallic, papillate phytophthora species causing foliar and fruit blight of noni (morinda citrifolia var. citrifolia) in hawaii was identified. the asexual phase of this species is characterized by the production of umbellate sporangiophores and papillate sporangia that are ellipsoid and obpyriform with conspicuously tapered bases and possess caducous, medium to long pedicels. the sexual phase is characterized by the production of oogonia with tapered bases, small amphigynous antheridia and ... | 2010 | 20120235 |
| alkaline polyol pulping and enzymatic hydrolysis of hardwood: effect of pulping severity and pulp composition on cellulase activity and overall sugar yield. | the saccharification of beech wood using alkaline polyol pulping (alkapolp) and enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated. it will be demonstrated that the alkapolp process yields high quality pulps which can easily be hydrolyzed by cellulases. in order to find optimum reaction conditions chips of fagus sylvatica were pretreated by alkaline glycerol at temperatures between 190 and 230 °c for 15, 20, and 25 min. the impacts of temperature and time were expressed using a severity factor r0. the depend ... | 2013 | 23570715 |
| presence of host-seeking ixodes ricinus and their infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the northern apennines, italy. | host-seeking ticks were collected in the northern apennines, italy, by dragging at 35 sites, at altitudes ranging from 680 and 1670 m above sea level (asl), from april to november, in 2010 and 2011. ixodes ricinus (4431 larvae, 597 nymphs and 12 adults) and haemaphysalis punctata (11,209 larvae, 313 nymphs, and 25 adults) were the most abundant species, followed by haemaphysalis sulcata (20 larvae, five nymphs, and 13 adults), dermacentor marginatus (42 larvae and two adults) and ixodes hexagonu ... | 2016 | 26964552 |
| reservoir-driven heterogeneous distribution of recorded human puumala virus cases in south-west germany. | endemic regions for puumala virus (puuv) are located in the most affected federal state baden-wuerttemberg, south-west germany, where high numbers of notified human hantavirus disease cases have been occurring for a long time. the distribution of human cases in baden-wuerttemberg is, however, heterogeneous, with a high number of cases recorded during 2012 in four districts (h districts) but a low number or even no cases recorded in four other districts (l districts). bank vole monitoring during ... | 2016 | 27918151 |
| in vitro dermo-cosmetic evaluation of bark extracts from common temperate trees. | wood residues produced from forestry activities represent an interesting source of biologically active, high value-added secondary metabolites. in this study, 30 extracts from 10 barks of deciduous and coniferous tree species were investigated for their potential dermo-cosmetic use. the extracts were obtained from fagus sylvatica, quercus robur, alnus glutinosa, prunus avium, acer pseudoplatanus, fraxinus excelsior, populus robusta, larix decidua, picea abies, and populus tremula after three suc ... | 2016 | 27352384 |
| proteomic insights into seed germination in response to environmental factors. | seed germination is a critical process in the life cycle of higher plants. during germination, the imbibed mature seed is highly sensitive to different environmental factors.however, knowledge about the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the environmental effects on germination has been lacking. recent proteomic work has provided invaluable insight into the molecular processes in germinating seeds of arabidopsis, rice (oryza sativa), soybean (glycine max), barley (hordeum vulgare) ... | 2013 | 23986916 |
| impact of interspecific competition and drought on the allocation of new assimilates in trees. | in trees, the interplay between reduced carbon assimilation and the inability to transport carbohydrates to the sites of demand under drought might be one of the mechanisms leading to carbon starvation. however, we largely lack knowledge on how drought effects on new assimilate allocation differ between species with different drought sensitivities and how these effects are modified by interspecific competition. we assessed the fate of (13) c labelled assimilates in above- and belowground plant o ... | 2016 | 27061772 |
| seasonal variation in n uptake strategies in the understorey of a beech-dominated n-limited forest ecosystem depends on n source and species. | in forest ecosystems, species use different strategies to increase their competitive ability for nitrogen (n) acquisition. the acquisition of n by trees is regulated by tree internal and environmental factors including mycorrhizae. in this study, we investigated the n uptake strategies of three co-occurring tree species [european beech (fagus sylvatica l.), sycamore maple (acer pseudoplatanus l.) and norway maple (acer platanoides l.)] in the understorey of a beech-dominated, n-limited forest on ... | 2016 | 26786538 |
| Are gastropods, rather than ants, important dispersers of seeds of myrmecochorous forest herbs? | Abstract Seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) is widespread, and seed adaptations to myrmecochory are common, especially in the form of fatty appendices (elaiosomes). In a recent study, slugs were identified as seed dispersers of myrmecochores in a central European beech forest. Here we used 105 beech forest sites to test whether myrmecochore presence and abundance is related to ant or gastropod abundance and whether experimentally exposed seeds are removed by gastropods. Myrmecochorous plant ... | 2012 | 22173465 |
| inhibitory effects of pentosan polysulfate sodium on map-kinase pathway and nf-κb nuclear translocation in canine chondrocytes in vitro. | pentosan polysulfate sodium (pps) has a heparin-like structure and is purificated from the plant of european beech wood. pps has been used for the treatment of interstitial cystitis for human patients. recent years, it was newly recognised that pps reduce pain and inflammation of oa. the molecular biological mechanism of pps to express its clinical effects is not fully understood. the purpose of the present study is to investigate a mechanism of action of pps on inflammatory reaction of chondroc ... | 2011 | 22214865 |
| tree species diversity interacts with elevated co2 to induce a greater root system response. | as a consequence of land-use change and the burning of fossil fuels, atmospheric concentrations of co2 are increasing and altering the dynamics of the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems. in a number of studies using single tree species, fine root biomass has been shown to be strongly increased by elevated co2 . however, natural forests are often intimate mixtures of a number of co-occurring species. to investigate the interaction between tree mixture and elevated co2 , alnus glutinosa, betula pen ... | 2012 | 23504733 |
| odor, gaseous and pm10 emissions from small scale combustion of wood types indigenous to central europe. | in this study, we investigated the emissions, including odor, from log wood stoves, burning wood types indigenous to mid-european countries such as austria, czech republic, hungary, slovak republic, slovenia, switzerland, as well as baden-württemberg and bavaria (germany) and south tyrol (italy). the investigations were performed with a modern, certified, 8 kw, manually fired log wood stove, and the results were compared to emissions from a modern 9 kw pellet stove. the examined wood types were ... | 2012 | 23471123 |
| frequency of inversions affects senescence phenology of acer pseudoplatanus and fagus sylvatica. | in mountainous regions, inversion situations with cold-air pools in the valleys occur frequently, especially in fall and winter. with the accumulation of inversion days, trees in lower elevations experience lower temperature sums than those in middle elevations. in a two-year observational study, deciduous trees, such as acer pseudoplatanus and fagus sylvatica, on altitudinal transects responded in their fall leaf senescence phenology. phenological phases were advanced and senescence duration wa ... | 2013 | 23912394 |
| network analysis reveals ecological links between n-fixing bacteria and wood-decaying fungi. | nitrogen availability in dead wood is highly restricted and associations with n-fixing bacteria are thought to enable wood-decaying fungi to meet their nitrogen requirements for vegetative and generative growth. we assessed the diversity of nifh (dinitrogenase reductase) genes in dead wood of the common temperate tree species fagus sylvatica and picea abies from differently managed forest plots in germany using molecular tools. by incorporating these genes into a large compilation of published n ... | 2014 | 24505405 |
| host preferences and differential contributions of deciduous tree species shape mycorrhizal species richness in a mixed central european forest. | mycorrhizal species richness and host ranges were investigated in mixed deciduous stands composed of fagus sylvatica, tilia spp., carpinus betulus, acer spp., and fraxinus excelsior. acer and fraxinus were colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizas and contributed 5% to total stand mycorrhizal fungal species richness. tilia hosted similar and carpinus half the number of ectomycorrhizal (em) fungal taxa compared with fagus (75 putative taxa). the relative abundance of the host tree the em fungal richnes ... | 2010 | 20886243 |
| climate change induces shifts in abundance and activity pattern of bacteria and archaea catalyzing major transformation steps in nitrogen turnover in a soil from a mid-european beech forest. | ongoing climate change will lead to more extreme weather events, including severe drought periods and intense drying rewetting cycles. this will directly influence microbial nitrogen (n) turnover rates in soil by changing the water content and the oxygen partial pressure. therefore, a space for time climate change experiment was conducted by transferring intact beech seedling-soil mesocosms from a northwest (nw) exposed site, representing today's climatic conditions, to a southwest (sw) exposed ... | 2014 | 25462589 |
| evidence for a role of gibberellins in salicylic acid-modulated early plant responses to abiotic stress in arabidopsis seeds. | exogenous application of gibberellic acid (ga(3)) was able to reverse the inhibitory effect of salt, oxidative, and heat stresses in the germination and seedling establishment of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), this effect being accompanied by an increase in salicylic acid (sa) levels, a hormone that in recent years has been implicated in plant responses to abiotic stress. furthermore, this treatment induced an increase in the expression levels of the isochorismate synthase1 and nonexpressor ... | 2009 | 19439570 |
| negative regulation of abscisic acid signaling by the fagus sylvatica fspp2c1 plays a role in seed dormancy regulation and promotion of seed germination. | fspp2c1 was previously isolated from beech (fagus sylvatica) seeds as a functional protein phosphatase type-2c (pp2c) with all the conserved features of these enzymes and high homology to abi1, abi2, and pp2ca, pp2cs identified as negative regulators of aba signaling. the expression of fspp2c1 was induced upon abscisic acid (aba) treatment and was also up-regulated during early weeks of stratification. furthermore, this gene was specifically expressed in aba-treated seeds and was hardly detectab ... | 2003 | 12970481 |
| overexpression of a protein phosphatase 2c from beech seeds in arabidopsis shows phenotypes related to abscisic acid responses and gibberellin biosynthesis. | a functional abscisic acid (aba)-induced protein phosphatase type 2c (pp2c) was previously isolated from beech (fagus sylvatica) seeds (fspp2c2). because transgenic work is not possible in beech, in this study we overexpressed this gene in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) to provide genetic evidence on fspp2c2 function in seed dormancy and other plant responses. in contrast with other pp2cs described so far, constitutive expression of fspp2c2 in arabidopsis, under the cauliflower mosaic virus ... | 2006 | 16815952 |
| ozone foliar symptoms in woody plant species assessed with ultrastructural and fluorescence analysis. | this paper compares the responses to ozone in five woody species: fagus sylvatica (fs), acer pseudoplatanus (ap), fraxinus excelsior (fe), viburnum lantana (vl) and ailanthus altissima (aa). the hypothesis being tested was that the strategies that plants adopt to resist oxidative pressure are species-specific. the study was carried out on field grown plants in an area in northern italy characterized by elevated levels of ozone pollution. the observations were made both at ultrastructural (using ... | 2005 | 15869654 |
| tree age effects on fine root biomass and morphology over chronosequences of fagus sylvatica, quercus robur and alnus glutinosa stands. | there are few data on fine root biomass and morphology change in relation to stand age. based on chronosequences for beech (9-140 years old), oak (11-140 years) and alder (4-76 years old) we aimed to examine how stand age affects fine root biomass and morphology. soil cores from depths of 0-15 cm and 16-30 cm were used for the study. in contrast to previously published studies that suggested that maximum fine root biomass is reached at the canopy closure stage of stand development, we found almo ... | 2016 | 26859755 |
| elevated co2 enrichment induces a differential biomass response in a mixed species temperate forest plantation. | in a free-air carbon dioxide (co(2)) enrichment study (bangorface), alnus glutinosa, betula pendula and fagus sylvatica were planted in areas of one-, two- and three-species mixtures (n = 4). the trees were exposed to ambient or elevated co(2) (580 μmol mol(-1)) for 4 yr, and aboveground growth characteristics were measured. in monoculture, the mean effect of co(2) enrichment on aboveground woody biomass was + 29, + 22 and + 16% for a. glutinosa, f. sylvatica and b. pendula, respectively. when t ... | 2013 | 23356474 |
| growth and energetics of a trichopteran larva feeding on fresh submerged and terrestrial plants. | we studied the growth and assimilation of larvae of anabolia nervosa, a lotic trichopteran shredder, on diets of fresh tissue of the submerged macrophyte potamogeton perfoliatus and fresh leaves of the trees alnus glutinosa and fagus sylvatica. fifth-instar larvae were fed these three diets for 23 days (20 may-12 june) in the laboratory. instantaneous growth rate and gross growth efficiency were almost the same for larvae fed potamogeton and alnus, but lower for larvae fed fagus. the larvae cons ... | 1994 | 28313638 |
| impact of leaf traits on temporal dynamics of transpired oxygen isotope signatures and its impact on atmospheric vapor. | oxygen isotope signatures of transpiration (δ e ) are powerful tracers of water movement from plant to global scale. however, a mechanistic understanding of how leaf morphological/physiological traits effect δ e is missing. a laser spectrometer was coupled to a leaf-level gas-exchange system to measure fluxes and isotopic signatures of plant transpiration under controlled conditions in seven distinct species (fagus sylvatica, pinus sylvestris, acacia longifolia, quercus suber, coffea arabica, pl ... | 2017 | 28149303 |
| transpiration of urban trees and its cooling effect in a high latitude city. | an important ecosystem service provided by urban trees is the cooling effect caused by their transpiration. the aim of this study was to quantify the magnitude of daytime and night-time transpiration of common urban tree species in a high latitude city (gothenburg, sweden), to analyse the influence of weather conditions and surface permeability on the tree transpiration, and to find out whether tree transpiration contributed to daytime or nocturnal cooling. stomatal conductance and leaf transpir ... | 2016 | 26048702 |
| using sex pheromone and a multi-scale approach to predict the distribution of a rare saproxylic beetle. | the european red click beetle, elater ferrugineus l., is associated with wood mould in old hollow deciduous trees. as a result of severe habitat fragmentation caused by human disturbance, it is threatened throughout its distribution range. a new pheromone-based survey method, which is very efficient in detecting the species, was used in the present study to relate the occurrence of e. ferrugineus to the density of deciduous trees. the latter data were from a recently completed regional survey in ... | 2013 | 23840415 |
| chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics, photosynthetic activity, and pigment composition of blue-shade and half-shade leaves as compared to sun and shade leaves of different trees. | the chlorophyll (chl) fluorescence induction kinetics, net photosynthetic co2 fixation rates p n, and composition of photosynthetic pigments of differently light exposed leaves of several trees were comparatively measured to determine the differences in photosynthetic activity and pigment adaptation of leaves. the functional measurements were carried out with sun, half-shade and shade leaves of seven different trees species. these were: acer platanoides l., ginkgo biloba l., fagus sylvatica l., ... | 2013 | 23670216 |
| effect of ambient ozone and acid mist on aphid development. | the effect of ambient air with increased ozone concentrations and artificial acid mist on the population growth of two different aphid species was studied: aphis fabae on phaseolus vulgaris and phyllaphis fagi on seedings of fagus sylvatica. whereas the ambient air inhibited growth of aphis fabae, it stimulated population growth of phyllaphis fagi. in fagus, analysis of a phloem exudate revealed that the amino acid/sugar ratio was significantly increased by the ambient air compared to filtered a ... | 1989 | 15092475 |
| the melliferous potential of forest and meadow plant communities on mount tara (serbia). | the apiflora of 34 forest and meadow plant communities in tara national park was studied with the aim of assessing their melliferous potential and their contribution to bee pasture during the vegetation period. the melliferous plants were analyzed individually from the aspect of their flowering phenology, abundance, and the intensity of nectar and pollen production, as well as the production of honeydew. the melliferous potential of each investigated plant community was theoretically assessed on ... | 2013 | 23905735 |
| leaf litter decomposition in temperate deciduous forest stands with a decreasing fraction of beech (fagus sylvatica). | we hypothesised that the decomposition rates of leaf litter will increase along a gradient of decreasing fraction of the european beech (fagus sylvatica) and increasing tree species diversity in the generally beech-dominated central european temperate deciduous forests due to an increase in litter quality. we studied the decomposition of leaf litter including its lignin fraction in monospecific (pure beech) stands and in stands with up to five tree genera (acer spp., carpinus betulus, fagus sylv ... | 2010 | 20596729 |
| negative effects of density on space use of small mammals differ with the phase of the masting-induced population cycle. | home range size generally decreases with increasing population density, but testing how this relationship is influenced by other factors (e.g., food availability, kin structure) is a difficult task. we used spatially explicit capture-recapture models to examine how home range size varies with population density in the yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis). the relationship between population density and home range size was studied at two distinct phases of population fluctuations induced by ... | 2016 | 28031794 |
| advantages of masting in european beech: timing of granivore satiation and benefits of seed caching support the predator dispersal hypothesis. | the predator satiation and predator dispersal hypotheses provide alternative explanations for masting. both assume satiation of seed-eating vertebrates. they differ in whether satiation occurs before or after seed removal and caching by granivores (predator satiation and predator dispersal, respectively). this difference is largely unrecognized, but it is demographically important because cached seeds are dispersed and often have a microsite advantage over nondispersed seeds. we conducted rodent ... | 2016 | 26612728 |
| proteomic approach to analyze dormancy breaking of tree seeds. | in forest broadleaves from the temperate zone, a large number of species exhibit seed dormancy phenomena. tree seeds show some of the most pronounced and complicated forms of dormancy in the plant kingdom. many seeds are deeply physiologically dormant whatever their moisture level and age. however, dormancy can usually be overcome by a cold or warm stratification for several months. the transition from seed dormancy to germination is a multi-step process. in combination with the availability of ... | 2010 | 20306286 |
| perception of photoperiod in individual buds of mature trees regulates leaf-out. | experimental data on the perception of day length and temperature in dormant temperate zone trees are surprisingly scarce. in order to investigate when and where these environmental signals are perceived, we carried out bagging experiments in which buds on branches of fagus sylvatica, aesculus hippocastanum and picea abies trees were exposed to natural light increase or kept at constant 8-h days from december until june. parallel experiments used twigs cut from the same trees, harvesting treated ... | 2015 | 26096967 |
| reading the leaves' palm: leaf traits and herbivory along the microclimatic gradient of forest layers. | microclimate in different positions on a host plant has strong direct effects on herbivores. but little is known about indirect effects due to changes of leaf traits. we hypothesized that herbivory increases from upper canopy to lower canopy and understory due to a combination of direct and indirect pathways. furthermore, we hypothesized that herbivory in the understory differs between tree species in accordance with their leaf traits. we investigated herbivory by leaf chewing insects along the ... | 2017 | 28099483 |
| acclimation of leaf water status and stem hydraulics to drought and tree neighbourhood: alternative strategies among the saplings of five temperate deciduous tree species. | adjustment in leaf water status parameters and modification in xylem structure and functioning can be important elements of a tree's response to continued water limitation. in a growth trial with saplings of five co-occurring temperate broad-leaved tree species (genera fraxinus, acer, carpinus, tilia and fagus) conducted in moist or dry soil, we compared the drought acclimation in several leaf water status and stem hydraulic parameters. considering the extremes in the species responses, fraxinus ... | 2016 | 27881798 |
| coordination between growth, phenology and carbon storage in three coexisting deciduous tree species in a temperate forest. | in deciduous trees growing in temperate forests, bud break and growth in spring must rely on intrinsic carbon (c) reserves. yet it is unclear whether growth and c storage occur simultaneously, and whether starch c in branches is sufficient for refoliation. to test in situ the relationships between growth, phenology and c utilization, we monitored stem growth, leaf phenology and stem and branch nonstructural carbohydrate (nsc) dynamics in three deciduous species: carpinus betulus l., fagus sylvat ... | 2016 | 27126226 |
| modelling the mechanical behaviour of pit membranes in bordered pits with respect to cavitation resistance in angiosperms. | various correlations have been identified between anatomical features of bordered pits in angiosperm xylem and vulnerability to cavitation, suggesting that the mechanical behaviour of the pits may play a role. theoretical modelling of the membrane behaviour has been undertaken, but it requires input of parameters at the nanoscale level. however, to date, no experimental data have indicated clearly that pit membranes experience strain at high levels during cavitation events. | 2014 | 24918205 |
| stem water storage in five coexisting temperate broad-leaved tree species: significance, temporal dynamics and dependence on tree functional traits. | the functional role of internal water storage is increasingly well understood in tropical trees and conifers, while temperate broad-leaved trees have only rarely been studied. we examined the magnitude and dynamics of the use of stem water reserves for transpiration in five coexisting temperate broad-leaved trees with largely different morphology and physiology (genera fagus, fraxinus, tilia, carpinus and acer). we expected that differences in water storage patterns would mostly reflect species ... | 2013 | 23999137 |
| species, diaspore volume and body mass matter in gastropod seed feeding behavior. | seed dispersal of ant-dispersed plants (myrmecochores) is a well studied ecosystem function. recently, slugs have been found to act as seed dispersers of myrmecochores. the aim of our study was to (1) further generalize the finding that gastropods feed on seeds of myrmecochores and hence may act as seed dispersers, (2) to test whether gastropod body mass and the volume of diaspores have an influence on the seed dispersal potential. | 2013 | 23844239 |