| antimicrobial activity of pyrrocidines from acremonium zeae against endophytes and pathogens of maize. | acremonium zeae produces pyrrocidines a and b, which are polyketide-amino acid-derived antibiotics, and is recognized as a seedborne protective endophyte of maize which augments host defenses against microbial pathogens causing seedling blights and stalk rots. pyrrocidine a displayed significant in vitro activity against aspergillus flavus and fusarium verticillioides in assays performed using conidia as inoculum, with pyrrocidine a being more active than b. in equivalent assays performed with c ... | 2009 | 19055442 |
| antimicrobial activity of isolate hl-12 against clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in the presence of cadmium. | an actinomycete, strain hl-12, that was isolated from a farmland on the huajiachi campus of zhejiang university was capable of inhibiting the growth of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm) and was identified as a member of streptomyces. its antimicrobial activity against cmm was measured using the agar plate sensitivity method in pure culture and evaluated by the inhibition ratio of cmm in soil. the inhibitory activity of strain hl-12 against cmm following exposure to low concent ... | 2009 | 19194799 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection and identification of plant pathogenic bacteria (in particular for erwinia amylovora and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus). | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is the most commonly used serological diagnostic technique. a number of different elisa formats can be used for the detection of bacterial plant pathogens and in particular erwinia amylovora and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. | 2009 | 19301748 |
| use of buckwheat seed protease inhibitor gene for improvement of tobacco and potato plant resistance to biotic stress. | the possibility to use agrobacterial transformation of leaf discs to produce resistance to bacterial infections in tobacco and potato plants by introduction of a single gene encoding the serine proteinase inhibitor bwi-1a (isp) from buckwheat seeds is shown. all studied pcr-positive transgenic plants exhibited antibacterial activity in biotests. it was shown that the presence of just a single gene of serine proteinase inhibitor provides sufficient protection at least against two bacterial phytop ... | 2009 | 19364319 |
| single-channel analysis of the anion channel-forming protein from the plant pathogenic bacterium clavibacter michiganense ssp. nebraskense. | the anion channel protein from clavibacter michiganense ssp. nebraskense (schürholz, th. et al. 1991, j. membrane biol. 123: 1-8) was analyzed at different concentrations of kcl and kf. at 0.8 m kcl the conductance g(v(m)) increases exponentially from 21 ps at 50 mv up to 53 ps at v(m) = 200 mv, 20 degrees c. the concentration dependence of g(v(m)) corresponds to a michaelis-menten type saturation function at all membrane voltage values applied (0-200 mv). the anion concentration k(0.5), where g ... | 1993 | 19431871 |
| the putative secreted serine protease chp-7 is required for full virulence and induction of a nonhost hypersensitive response by clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. | molecular biological studies on clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato, have gained greater feasibility due to the recent availability of whole genomic sequences and genetic tools for related taxa. here, we describe the first report of construction and characterization of a transposon (tn) mutant library of c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus sp. strain r10. since virulence of r10 in potato has been shown previously to be associated with el ... | 2009 | 19522563 |
| activation and manipulation of host responses by a gram-positive bacterium. | the interaction between tomato plants and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm) represents a model pathosystem to study the interplay between the virulence determinants of a gram-positive bacterium and the attempt of a crop plant to counteract pathogen invasion. to investigate plant responses activated during this compatible interaction, we recently analyzed gene expression profiles of tomato stems infected with cmm. this analysis revealed activation of basal defense responses tha ... | 2008 | 19704516 |
| [identification and analysis of an actinomycete strain suppressing clavibacter michiganensis subsp, michiganensis]. | to identify and analyze bioactive compounds of an actinomycete strain z-l-22 suppressing clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the causal agent of bacterial canker of tomato. | 2009 | 19873752 |
| miniprimer pcr assay targeting multiple genes: a new rapid and reliable tool for genotyping pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii. | development of a 'miniprimer' pcr assay for genotyping pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii, the causal agent of the stewart's bacterial wilt on maize. | 2010 | 20002575 |
| sequential expression of bacterial virulence and plant defense genes during infection of tomato with clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | the molecular interactions between clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and tomato plant were studied by following the expression of bacterial virulence and host-defense genes during early stages of infection. the c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis genes included the plasmid-borne cellulase (cela) and the serine protease (pat-1), and the serine proteases chpc and ppaa, residing on the chp/toma pathogenicity island (pai). gene expression was measured following tomato inoculation with ... | 2010 | 20128699 |
| effects of bovine milk lactoperoxidase system on some bacteria. | bovine lactoperoxidase (lpo) was purified from skimmed milk using amberlite cg-50-h+ resin, cm sephadex c-50 ion-exchange chromatography, and sephadex g-100 gel filtration chromatography. lactoperoxidase was purified 20.45-fold with a yield of 28.8%. purity of enzyme checked by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method and a single band was observed. km was 0.25 mm at 20 degrees c, vmax value was 7.95 micromol/ml min at 20 degrees c (ph 6.0). antibacterial study was done ... | 2010 | 20198919 |
| bioluminescence imaging of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis infection of tomato seeds and plants. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is a gram-positive bacterium that causes wilting and cankers, leading to severe economic losses in commercial tomato production worldwide. the disease is transmitted from infected seeds to seedlings and mechanically from plant to plant during seedling production, grafting, pruning, and harvesting. because of the lack of tools for genetic manipulation, very little is known regarding the mechanisms of seed and seedling infection and movement of c. mic ... | 2010 | 20400561 |
| biochemical characterization of gram-positive and gram-negative plant-associated bacteria with micro-raman spectroscopy. | raman spectra of gram-positive and gram-negative plant bacteria have been measured with micro-raman spectrometers equipped with 785 and 514.5 nm lasers. the gram-positive bacteria microbacterium testaceum, paenibacillus validus, and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis have strong carotenoid bands in the regions 1155-1157 cm(-1) and 1516-1522 cm(-1) that differentiate them from other tested gram-negative bacteria. in the raman spectrum of gram-positive bacteria bacillus megaterium exci ... | 2010 | 20412629 |
| the endolysins of bacteriophages cmp1 and cn77 are specific for the lysis of clavibacter michiganensis strains. | putative endolysin genes of bacteriophages cmp1 and cn77, which infect clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and c. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, respectively, were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the his-tagged endolysin of cmp1 consists of 306 amino acids and has a calculated molecular mass of 34.8 kda, while the his-tagged endolysin of cn77 has 290 amino acids with a molecular mass of 31.9 kda. the proteins were purified and their bacteriolytic activity was demonstrate ... | 2010 | 20447991 |
| [etiology of mass tomato disease in the farms of ukraine]. | it was established, that the main cause of bacterial tomato wilting in the fields and greenhouses is clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the agent of tomato bacterial canker. it is especially dangerous in the greenhouse soil, where it causes the mass plant diseases in the fruiting period. in greenhouses, the tbc appears as the vein disease, while in fields--as leaf and fruit disease. in conditions of artificial infection in fields, the ability of cmm to cause the fruit rotting was fo ... | 2009 | 20458935 |
| comparison of specificity and sensitivity of immunochemical and molecular techniques for determination of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | detection of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm), causing bacterial canker of tomato, was verified using pta-elisa and ifas with pabs of neogen europe ltd. (uk), and with published and also laboratory-generated pcr primers from the cmm tomatinase gene. the specificity of this technique was determined with 15 plant-pathogenic and 4 common, saprophytic bacteria. with ifas, crossreactions were found for pantoea dispersa, p. agglomerans and rahnella aquatilis, and with pta-elisa for ... | 2010 | 20526836 |
| [effect of cultivation conditions on fatty acid content of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis lipids]. | the fatty acid content of c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis cellular lipids in different culture conditions was investigated. it was established, that it lies in a narrow range c14-c18 and belongs to isoanteiso type. the species character is constant, independent of temperature, duration of cultivation and medium content dominance of saturated branched-chain fatty acids, among which the anteiso-acids dominate, generally a-c15. a response to the temperature modification of bacteria cultivatio ... | 2010 | 20695226 |
| silencing of host basal defense response-related gene expression increases susceptibility of nicotiana benthamiana to clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is an actinomycete, causing bacterial wilt and canker disease of tomato (solanum lycopersicum). we used virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) to identify genes playing a role in host basal defense response to c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis infection using nicotiana benthamiana as a model plant. a preliminary vigs screen comprising 160 genes from tomato known to be involved in defense-related signaling identified a set of 14 genes whose suppress ... | 2011 | 21062112 |
| the clavibacter michiganensis subspecies: molecular investigation of gram-positive bacterial plant pathogens. | clavibacter michiganensis subspecies are actinomycete plant pathogens residing mainly in the xylem vessels that infect economically important host plants. in the clavibacter subspecies michiganensis and sepedonicus, infecting tomato and potato, respectively, essential factors for disease induction are plasmid encoded and loss of the virulence plasmids converts these biotrophic pathogens into endophytes. the genes responsible for successful colonization of the host plant, including evasion/suppre ... | 2010 | 21438679 |
| over-expression of snakin-2 and extensin-like protein genes restricts pathogen invasiveness and enhances tolerance to clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in transgenic tomato (solanum lycopersicum). | two tomato proteins were evaluated by over-expression in transgenic tomato for their ability to confer resistance to clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm). snakin-2 (sn2) is a cysteine-rich peptide with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in vitro while extensin-like protein (elp) is a major cell-wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein linked with plant response to pathogen attack and wounding. tomato plants, cultivar mountain fresh, were transformed via agrobacterium tumefaciens ... | 2011 | 21479554 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (cmn) is a gram-positive bacterium and an incitant of goss's bacterial wilt and leaf blight or "leaf freckles" in corn. a population structure of a wide temporal and geographic collection of cmn strains (n = 131), originating between 1969 and 2009, was determined using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis and repetitive dna sequence-based box-pcr. analysis of the composite data set of aflp and box-pcr fingerprints revealed two group ... | 2011 | 21510777 |
| gyrb sequence analysis and maldi-tof ms as identification tools for plant pathogenic clavibacter. | the bacterial genus clavibacter has only one species, clavibacter michiganensis, containing five subspecies. all five are plant pathogens, among which three are recognized as quarantine pests (mentioned on the eppo a2 list). prevention of their introduction and epidemic outbreaks requires a reliable and accurate identification. currently, identification of these bacteria is time consuming and often problematic, mainly because of cross-reactions with other plant-associated bacteria in immunologic ... | 2011 | 21802235 |
| genomic and molecular analysis of phage cmp1 from clavibacter michiganensis subspecies michiganensis. | bacteriophage cmp1 is a member of the siphoviridae family that infects specifically the plant-pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. the linear double- stranded dna is terminally redundant and not circularly permuted. the complete nucleotide sequence of the bacteriophage cmp1 genome consists of 58,652 bp including the terminal redundant ends of 791 bp. the g+c content of the phage (57%) is significantly lower than that of its host (72.66%). 74 potential open reading frames were ... | 2011 | 21687530 |
| colonization of tomato seedlings by bioluminescent clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis under different humidity regimes. | abstract tomato bacterial canker, caused by clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, is transmitted by infected or infested seed and mechanically from plant to plant. wounds occurring during seedling production and crop maintenance facilitate the dissemination of the pathogen. however, the effects of environmental factors on c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis translocation and growth as an endophyte have not been fully elucidated. a virulent, stable, constitutively bioluminescent c. ... | 2011 | 21936661 |
| colonization and movement of gfp-labeled clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis during tomato infection. | the vascular pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is responsible for bacterial wilt and canker of tomato. pathogenicity of this bacterium is dependent on plasmid-borne virulence factors and serine proteases located on the chromosomal chp/toma pathogenicity island (pai). in this study, colonization patterns and movement of c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis during tomato infection was examined using a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-labeled strain. a plasmid expressing gfp i ... | 2012 | 21879791 |
| antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effects of magnolia dealbata and its active compounds. | multi-drug resistance is of great concern for public health worldwide and necessitates the search for new antimicrobials from sources such as plants. several magnolia (magnoliaceae) species have been reported to exert antimicrobial effects on sensitive and multidrug-resistant microorganisms. however, the antimicrobial properties of magnolia dealbata have not been experimentally evaluated. the antimicrobial effects of an ethanol extract of magnolia dealbata seeds (mde) and its active compounds ho ... | 2011 | 21922914 |
| The Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis-Tomato Interactome Reveals the Perception of Pathogen by the Host and Suggests Mechanisms of Infection. | The Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) causes wilt and canker disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Mechanisms of Cmm pathogenicity and tomato response to Cmm infection are not well understood. To explore the interaction between Cmm and tomato, multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) and tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyze in vitro and in planta generated samples. The results show that during infection Cmm senses the pla ... | 2011 | 22098337 |
| cow teat skin, a potential source of diverse microbial populations for cheese production. | the diversity of the microbial community on cow teat skin was evaluated using a culture-dependent method based on the use of different dairy-specific media, followed by the identification of isolates by 16s rrna gene sequencing. this was combined with a direct molecular approach by cloning and 16s rrna gene sequencing. this study highlighted the large diversity of the bacterial community that may be found on teat skin, where 79.8% of clones corresponded to various unidentified species as well as ... | 2012 | 22081572 |
| a new selective medium for isolation of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis from tomato plants and seed. | a new selective and highly sensitive medium was developed for isolation of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm), the causal agent of bacterial canker of tomato, from seed and latently infected plants. the new medium (bct) proved to be superior to all published semiselective media for cmm and is denoted as selective medium because of (i) its mean plating efficiency, amounting to ≤89% within 7 days for all 30 cmm strains from different sources tested; (ii) the high selectivity, bec ... | 2011 | 21999159 |
| phylogenetic analysis and polyphasic characterization of clavibacter michiganensis strains isolated from tomato seeds reveal that nonpathogenic strains are distinct from c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | the genus clavibacter comprises one species and five subspecies of plant-pathogenic bacteria, four of which are classified as quarantine organisms due to the high economic threat they pose. clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is one of the most important pathogens of tomato, but the recommended diagnostic tools are not satisfactory due to false-negative and/or -positive results. to provide a robust analysis of the genetic relatedness among a worldwide collection of c. michiganensis su ... | 2012 | 23001675 |
| discovery of novel small molecule modulators of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm) is a gram-positive seed-transmitted bacterial phytopathogen responsible for substantial economic losses by adversely affecting tomato production worldwide. a high-throughput, cell-based screen was adapted to identify novel small molecule growth inhibitors to serve as leads for future bactericide development. a library of 4,182 compounds known to be bioactive against saccharomyces cerevisiae was selected for primary screening against cmm wild-t ... | 2015 | 26539169 |
| development of a sensitive and specific polyclonal antibody for serological detection of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. | the quarantine bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (cms) causes bacterial ring rot (brr) in potato but is difficult to detect, hampering the diagnosis of this disease. elisa immunoassays have not been widely used to detect cms because commercially available anti-cms antibodies detect mainly eps-producing bacteria and can fail to detect strains that do not produce eps. in the current study, we developed a new type of polyclonal antibody that specifically detects clavibacter mic ... | 2017 | 28068400 |
| pg-2, a potent amp against pathogenic microbial strains, from potato (solanum tuberosum l cv. gogu valley) tubers not cytotoxic against human cells. | in an earlier study, we isolated potamin-1 (pt-1), a 5.6-kda trypsin-chymotrypsin protease inhibitor, from the tubers of a potato strain (solanum tuberosum l cv. gogu valley). we established that pt-1 strongly inhibits pathogenic microbial strains, but not human bacterial strains, and that its sequence shows 62% homology with a serine protease inhibitor. in the present study, we isolated an antifungal and antibacterial peptide with no cytotoxicity from tubers of the same potato strain. the pepti ... | 2013 | 23429275 |
| complete genome of pseudomonas chlororaphis strain ufb2, a soil bacterium with antibacterial activity against bacterial canker pathogen of tomato. | strain ufb2 was isolated from a soybean field soil in mississippi and identified as a member of pseudomonas chlororaphis. strain ufb2 has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against common soil-borne pathogens. plate assays showed that strain ufb2 was especially efficient in inhibiting the growth of clavibacter michiganensis 1-07, the causal agent of the devastating bacterial canker of tomato. here, the complete genome sequence of p. chlororaphis strain ufb2 is reported and described. the st ... | 2015 | 26634018 |
| validation and application of a real-time pcr protocol for the specific detection and quantification of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in potato. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (cms) multiplies very rapidly, passing through the vascular strands and into the stems and petioles of a diseased potato. therefore, the rapid and specific detection of this pathogen is highly important for the effective control of the pathogen. although several pcr assays have been developed for detection, they cannot afford specific detection of cms. therefore, in this study, a computational genome analysis was performed to compare the sequenced gen ... | 2015 | 26060431 |
| tomato fruit and seed colonization by clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis through external and internal routes. | the gram-positive bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, causal agent of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, is an economically devastating pathogen that inflicts considerable damage throughout all major tomato-producing regions. annual outbreaks continue to occur in new york, where c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis spreads via infected transplants, trellising stakes, tools, and/or soil. globally, new outbreaks can be accompanied by the introduction of contaminated seed s ... | 2013 | 24014525 |
| new type of antimicrobial protein produced by the plant pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | it has previously been shown that the tomato pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis secretes a 14-kda protein, c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis amp-i (cmmamp-i), that inhibits growth of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato. using sequences obtained from tryptic fragments, we have identified the gene encoding cmmamp-i and we have recombinantly produced the protein with an n-terminal intein tag. the gene sequence showe ... | 2013 | 23851100 |
| multilocus variable-number-tandem-repeats analysis (mlva) distinguishes a clonal complex of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains isolated from recent outbreaks of bacterial wilt and canker in belgium. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm) causes bacterial wilt and canker in tomato. cmm is present nearly in all european countries. during the last three years several local outbreaks were detected in belgium. the lack of a convenient high-resolution strain-typing method has hampered the study of the routes of transmission of cmm and epidemiology in tomato cultivation. in this study the genetic relatedness among a worldwide collection of cmm strains and their relatives was approach ... | 2013 | 23738754 |
| antimicrobial effects of a hexapetide kcm21 against pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are small but effective cationic peptides with variable length. in previous study, four hexapeptides were identified that showed antimicrobial activities against various phytopathogenic bacteria. kcm21, the most effective antimicrobial peptide, was selected for further analysis to understand its modes of action by monitoring inhibitory effects of various cations, time-dependent antimicrobial kinetics, and observing cell disruption by electron microscopy. the effects ... | 2014 | 25289010 |
| interactions of seedborne bacterial pathogens with host and non-host plants in relation to seed infestation and seedling transmission. | the ability of seed-borne bacterial pathogens (acidovorax citrulli, clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, xanthomonas euvesicatoria, and pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea) to infest seeds of host and non-host plants (watermelon, tomato, pepper, and soybean) and subsequent pathogen transmission to seedlings was investigated. a non-pathogenic, pigmented strain of serratia marcescens was also included to assess a null-interacting situation with the same pl ... | 2014 | 24936863 |
| comparative genome analysis of pathogenic and non-pathogenic clavibacter strains reveals adaptations to their lifestyle. | the genus clavibacter harbors economically important plant pathogens infecting agricultural crops such as potato and tomato. although the vast majority of clavibacter strains are pathogenic, there is an increasing number of non-pathogenic isolates reported. non-pathogenic clavibacter strains isolated from tomato seeds are particularly problematic because they affect the current detection and identification tests for clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm), which is regulated with a ... | 2014 | 24885539 |
| uv light inactivation of human and plant pathogens in unfiltered surface irrigation water. | fruit and vegetable growers continually battle plant diseases and food safety concerns. surface water is commonly used in the production of fruits and vegetables and can harbor both human- and plant-pathogenic microorganisms that can contaminate crops when used for irrigation or other agricultural purposes. treatment methods for surface water are currently limited, and there is a need for suitable treatment options. a liquid-processing unit that uses uv light for the decontamination of turbid ju ... | 2014 | 24242253 |
| evaluation of a sumo e2 conjugating enzyme involved in resistance to clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in solanum peruvianum, through a tomato mottle virus vigs assay. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm) causes bacterial wilt and canker of tomato. currently, no solanum lycopersicum resistant varieties are commercially available, but some degree of cmm resistance has been identified in solanum peruvianum. previous research showed up-regulation of a sumo e2 conjugating enzyme (scei) transcript in s. peruvianum compared to s. lycopersicum following infection with cmm. in order to test the role of scei in resistance to cmm, a fragment of scei from ... | 2015 | 26734014 |
| cytotoxic effect and tlc bioautography-guided approach to detect health properties of amazonian hedyosmum sprucei essential oil. | bioautography has been used as rapid and easy strategy to detect and identify bioactive fractions/molecules in the never before investigated hedyosmum sprucei solms (chloranthaceae) essential oil (eo). the antioxidant activity, performed through dpph bioautographic assay and spectrophotometric evaluations (ic50 = 230 ± 10 µg/ml), seemed to be mainly due to α-cadinol and α-muurolol. (hp)tlc bioautography, focused on antimicrobial capacities, pointed out α-cadinol, α-muurolol, τ-muurolol, caryophy ... | 2016 | 27118979 |
| growth characteristics and biofilm formation of various spoilage bacteria isolated from fresh produce. | this study investigated the characteristics of spoilage bacteria isolated from fresh produce including growth at various temperatures, biofilm formation, cell hydrophobicity, and colony spreading. the number of spoilage bacteria present when stored at 35 °c was significantly greater than when stored at lower temperatures, and maximum population size was achieved after 10 h. however, bacillus pumilus, dickeya zeae, pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum pcc21, and bacillus pumilus (rda-r) ... | 2014 | 25224561 |
| top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology. | many plant bacteriologists, if not all, feel that their particular microbe should appear in any list of the most important bacterial plant pathogens. however, to our knowledge, no such list exists. the aim of this review was to survey all bacterial pathologists with an association with the journal molecular plant pathology and ask them to nominate the bacterial pathogens they would place in a 'top 10' based on scientific/economic importance. the survey generated 458 votes from the international ... | 2012 | 22672649 |
| isolation and characterization of bacterial endophytes of curcuma longa l. | fourteen endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from the rhizome of curcuma longa l. were characterized on the basis of morphology, biochemical characteristics and 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. the isolates were identified to six strains namely bacillus cereus (ecl1), bacillus thuringiensis (ecl2), bacillus sp. (ecl3), bacillus pumilis (ecl4), pseudomonas putida (ecl5), and clavibacter michiganensis (ecl6). all the strains produced iaa and solubilized phosphate and only two strains produ ... | 2016 | 28330130 |
| antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of three essential oils extracted from mediterranean aromatic plants. | there is a growing interest in essential oils (eos) as possible alternatives for traditional chemical pesticides. this study was carried out to characterize the chemical composition of the three eos extracted from verbena officinalis, majorana hortensis, and salvia officinalis using gas chromatography (gc) and gc-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and to evaluate in vitro their efficacy against some phyto or human pathogens. the antifungal activity was investigated against colletotrichum acutatum and bot ... | 2016 | 27792456 |
| effects of different heat treatments on lysozyme quantity and antimicrobial activity of jenny milk. | thermal treatments are used to improve milk microbial safety, shelf life, and biological activity of some of its components. however, thermal treatments can reduce the nutritional quality of milk, affecting the molecular structure of milk proteins, such as lysozyme, which is a very important milk component due to its antimicrobial effect against gram-positive bacteria. jenny milk is characterized by high lysozyme content. for this reason, in the last few years, it has been used as an antimicrobi ... | 2016 | 27157571 |
| an in vitro attempt for controlling severe phytopathogens and human pathogens using essential oils from mediterranean plants of genus schinus. | growing concerns about food safety and environmental protection enhanced the need for new and safe plant disease control strategies. the chemical composition of the three essential oils (eos) extracted from leaves and fruits of schinus terebinthifolius and leaves of schinus molle, growing in tunisia, was studied by gc and gc-ms. in all, 12 compounds were identified. the oils were mainly composed of terpene compounds. α-pinene, α-phellandrene, and d-limonene were the major constituents. the aim o ... | 2016 | 26836214 |
| binding characteristics and synergistic effects of bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates. | expansins are non-catalytic proteins which loosen plant cell wall structure. in this study, binding kinetics and synergistic action of five bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides were studied. the expansins differed in binding capacity (bmax) and affinity (kd) for different substrates. a common pattern of binding efficiency (bmax/kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (pasc), then the hemi ... | 2015 | 25460993 |
| [influence of bacteria of bacillus genus on the causative agent of bacterial cancer of tomatoes]. | it has been shown that bacteria of the genus bacillus inhibited the development of infection caused by clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, in tomatoes. pre-sowing seed treatment with suspensions of bacillus subtilis imv b-7023 and bacillus pumilus 3 enhanced resistance of plants to bacterial disease of cancer, probably due to the synthesis of biologically active substances with antimicrobial properties by these bacteria. of the two strains of bacillus, differing by antagonist propert ... | 2013 | 23120989 |
| high-antibacterial activity of urtica spp. seed extracts on food and plant pathogenic bacteria. | the aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate antibacterial activities of methanol (metoh) and aqueous (dw) leaf (l), root (r) and seed (s) extracts of urtica dioica l. (ud; stinging nettle) and urtica pilulifera l. (up; roman nettle) on both food- and plant-borne pathogens, with total phenolic contents and dpph radical scavenging activities (drsa). metoh extracts of leaves and roots of u. dioica had the highest drsa. extracts with high antibacterial activity were in the order up-lmetoh (1 ... | 2013 | 23067263 |
| antibacterial activity of antagonistic bacterium bacillus subtilis djm-51 against phytopathogenic clavibacter michiganense subsp. michiganense atcc 7429 in vitro. | to investigate antibacterial activity against the tomato pathogen clavibacter michiganense subsp. michiganense atcc 7429 (cmm atcc 7429), bacillus subtilis djm-51 was isolated from rhizosphere soil. for isolation of bacteria, samples were taken from rhizosphere soil. the isolate, dja-51, had strong antagonistic ability against tomato pathogen cmm atcc 7429 on nutrient-broth yeast extract agar (nbya) as indicated by inhibition zones around colonies. on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of a co ... | 2014 | 25457795 |
| bacilysin overproduction in bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 markerless derivative strains fzbrep and fzbspa enhances antibacterial activity. | bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains fzbrep and fzbspa were derived from the wild-type fzb42 by replacement of the native bacilysin operon promoter with constitutive promoters p repb and p spac from plasmids pmk3 and ploss, respectively. these strains contained two antibiotic resistance genes, and markerless strains were constructed by deleting the chloramphenicol resistance cassette and promoter region bordered by two lox sites (lox71 and lox66) using cre recombinase expressed from the temperatur ... | 2015 | 25472439 |
| let there be light! bioluminescent imaging to study bacterial pathogenesis in live animals and plants. | : bioluminescence imaging (bli) of bacteria was primarily designed to permit real-time, sensitive, and noninvasive monitoring of the progression of infection in live animals. generally, bli relies on the construction of bacterial strains that possess the lux operon. the lux operon is composed of a set of genes that encode the luciferase enzyme and its cognate substrate, which interact to produce light-a phenomenon that is referred to as bioluminescence. bioluminescence emitted by the bacteria ca ... | 2016 | 25395174 |
| growth of bacterial phytopathogens in animal manures. | animal manures are routinely applied to agricultural lands to improve crop yield, but the possibility to spread bacterial phytopathogens through field fertilization has not been considered yet. we monitored 49 cattle, horse, swine, sheep or chicken manure samples collected in 14 polish voivodeships for the most important plant pathogenic bacteria - ralstonia solanacearum (rsol), xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc), pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc), pectobacterium atros ... | 2017 | 28319994 |
| comparative genomics of clavibacter michiganensis subspecies, pathogens of important agricultural crops. | subspecies of clavibacter michiganensis are important phytobacterial pathogens causing devastating diseases in several agricultural crops. the genome organizations of these pathogens are poorly understood. here, the complete genomes of 5 subspecies (c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, cmi; c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, cms; c. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, cmn; c. michiganensis subsp. insidiosus, cmi and c. michiganensis subsp. capsici, cmc) were analyzed. this study assessed the ... | 2017 | 28319117 |
| toxicity of twenty-two plant essential oils against pathogenic bacteria of vegetables and mushrooms. | asbtract toxicity of twenty-two essential oils to three bacterial pathogens in different horticultural systems: xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (causing blight of bean), clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (bacterial wilt and canker of tomato), and pseudomonas tolaasii (causal agent of bacterial brown blotch on cultivated mushrooms) was tested. control of bacterial diseases is very difficult due to antibiotic resistance and ineffectiveness of chemical products, to that essential o ... | 2016 | 27494458 |
| genome analysis and development of a multiplex taqman real-time pcr for specific identification and detection of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. | the reemergence of the goss's bacterial wilt and blight disease in corn in the united states and canada has prompted investigative research to better understand the genome organization. in this study, we generated a draft genome sequence of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis strain doab 395 and performed genome and proteome analysis of c. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis strains isolated in 2014 (doab 397 and doab 395) compared with the type strain, ncppb 2581 (isolated over 40 years ... | 2016 | 27452898 |
| pcr-mediated detection and quantification of the goss's wilt pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis via a novel gene target. | goss's leaf blight and wilt of maize (corn) is a significant and reemerging disease caused by the bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. despite its importance, molecular tools for diagnosing and studying this disease remain limited. we report the identification of cmn_01184 as a novel gene target and its use in conventional pcr (cpcr) and sybr green-based quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays for specific detection and quantification of c. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. the cpcr ... | 2016 | 27442535 |
| clavibacter michiganensis subsp. capsici subsp. nov., causing bacterial canker disease in pepper. | clavibacter michiganensis is a gram-stain-positive bacterium with eight subspecies. one of these subspecies is c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, which causes bacterial canker disease in tomato. bacterial strains showing very similar canker disease symptoms to those of a strain originally classified as c. michiganensis have been isolated from pepper. in this paper, we reclassified strains isolated from pepper. on the basis of phylogenetic analysis with 16s rrna gene sequences, the strains is ... | 2016 | 27412674 |
| multiarray on a test strip (mats): rapid multiplex immunodetection of priority potato pathogens. | multiarray on a test strip (mats) was developed for the detection of eight important potato pathogens. the proposed assay combines the rapidity of immunochromatography with the high throughput of array techniques. the test zone of the immunochromatographic strip comprises ordered rows of spots containing antibodies specific for different potato pathogens. the assay benefits from the simplicity of immunochromatography; colored immune complexes form at the corresponding spots within the test zone. ... | 2016 | 27007732 |
| differential contribution of clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis virulence factors to systemic and local infection in tomato. | clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis (cmm) causes substantial economic losses in tomato production worldwide. the disease symptoms observed in plants infected systemically by cmm are wilting and canker on the stem, whereas blister-like spots develop in locally infected leaves. a wide repertoire of serine proteases and cell wall-degrading enzymes has been implicated in the development of wilt and canker symptoms. however, virulence factors involved in the formation of blister-like spots, ... | 2017 | 26992141 |
| complete genome sequence of pseudomonas brassicacearum lbum300, a disease-suppressive bacterium with antagonistic activity toward fungal, oomycete, and bacterial plant pathogens. | pseudomonas brassicacearum lbum300, a plant rhizosphere-inhabiting bacterium, produces 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and hydrogen cyanide and has shown antagonistic activity against the plant pathogens verticillium dahliae, phytophthora cactorum, and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. here, we report the complete genome sequence of p. brassicacearum lbum300. | 2016 | 26823582 |
| variables associated with severity of bacterial canker and wilt caused by clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in tomato greenhouses. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the causal agent of bacterial canker and wilt of tomato, is considered to be one of the most important bacterial pathogens worldwide. in the year 2000 there was an increase in the number of infected greenhouses and in the severity of the disease in israel. as part of the effort to cope with the disease, a comprehensive survey was conducted. scouts recorded disease severity monthly in 681 production units. at the end of the season the scouts met wit ... | 2016 | 26623996 |
| characterization and comparison of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis strains recovered from epiphytic and symptomatic infections of maize in iowa. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (cmn), the causal organism of goss's wilt and leaf blight of maize, can be detected in the phyllosphere of its host prior to disease development. we compared the morphology and pathogenicity of 37 putative isolates of cmn recovered from asymptomatic and symptomatic maize leaves. thirty-three of the isolates produced mucoid orange colonies, irrespective of the source of isolation and all but four of these isolates were pathogenic on maize. the remaini ... | 2015 | 26599211 |
| detection of goss's wilt pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis in maize by loop-mediated amplification. | the goss's wilt pathogen, clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, can cause considerable losses in maize (zea mays) production. diagnosis of goss's wilt currently is based on symptomology and identification of c. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, following isolation on a semiselective medium and/or serological testing. in an effort to provide a more efficient identification method, a loop-mediated amplification (lamp) assay was developed to detect the tripartite atp-independent periplasm ... | 2016 | 26595113 |
| a proteomic study of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis culture supernatants. | clavibacter michiganensis, subsp. michiganensis is a gram-positive plant pathogen infecting tomato (solanum lycopersicum). despite a considerable economic importance due to significant losses of infected plants and fruits, knowledge about virulence factors of c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and host-pathogen interactions on a molecular level are rather limited. in the study presented here, the proteome of culture supernatants from c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ncppb382 was analyzed ... | 2015 | 28248277 |
| antibacterial activity of cyclo(l-pro-l-tyr) and cyclo(d-pro-l-tyr) from streptomyces sp. strain 22-4 against phytopathogenic bacteria. | two bioactive cyclic dipeptides, cyclo(l-pro-l-tyr) and cyclo(d-pro-l-tyr), were isolated from the culture broth of streptomyces sp. strain 22-4 and tested against three economically important plant pathogens, xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, ralstonia solanacearum and clavibacter michiganensis. both cyclic dipeptides were active against x. axonopodis pv. citri and r. solanacearum with mic of 31.25 μg/ml. no activity could be observed against c. michiganensis. | 2016 | 26469746 |
| complete genome sequence of the cellulase-producing bacterium clavibacter michiganensis pf008. | the gram-positive actinobacterium clavibacter michiganensis strain pf008 produces a cellulase of biotechnological interest, which is used for degradation of cellulose, a major component of plant cell walls. here we report the complete genome sequence of this bacterium for better understanding of cellulase production and its virulence mechanism. | 2015 | 26410454 |
| antimicrobial activity of bacteriophage endolysin produced in nicotiana benthamiana plants. | the increasing spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has raised the interest in alternative antimicrobial treatments. in our study, the functionally active gram-negative bacterium bacteriophage cp933 endolysin was produced in nicotiana benthamiana plants by a combination of transient expression and vacuole targeting strategies, and its antimicrobial activity was investigated. expression of the cp933 gene in e. coli led to growth inhibition and lysis of the host cells or production of trace am ... | 2016 | 26403819 |
| draft genome sequence of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis strain doab 397, isolated from an infected field corn plant in manitoba, canada. | in 2014, the pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis was isolated from symptomatic corn leaves in manitoba, canada. we report the draft genome sequence of c. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis doab 397, consisting of 3.059 mb with 73.0% g+c content, 2,922 predicted protein-coding sequences, 45 trnas, 3 rrnas, and 37 pseudogenes. | 2015 | 26159537 |
| putative serine protease effectors of clavibacter michiganensis induce a hypersensitive response in the apoplast of nicotiana species. | clavibacter michiganensis subspp. michiganensis and sepedonicus cause diseases on solanaceous crops. the genomes of both subspecies encode members of the pat-1 family of putative serine proteases known to function in virulence on host plants and induction of hypersensitive responses (hr) on nonhosts. one gene of this family in c. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, chp-7, is required for triggering hr in nicotiana tabacum. here, further investigation revealed that mutation of the putative catalyti ... | 2015 | 26075829 |
| natural phenolic metabolites from endophytic aspergillus sp. ifb-yxs with antimicrobial activity. | prompted by the pressing necessity to conquer phytopathogenic infections, the antimicrobial compounds were characterized with bioassay-guided method from the ethanol extract derived from the solid-substrate fermentation of aspergillus sp. ifb-yxs, an endophytic fungus residing in the apparently healthy leave of ginkgo biloba l. the aim of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and mechanism(s) of these bioactive compounds against phytopathogens. among the compounds, xanthoascin (1) ... | 2015 | 26004581 |
| complete genome sequence of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosus r1-1 using pacbio single-molecule real-time technology. | we report here the complete genome sequence of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosus r1-1, isolated in minnesota, usa. the r1-1 genome, generated by a de novo assembly of pacbio sequencing data, is the first complete genome sequence available for this subspecies. | 2015 | 25953184 |
| effect of selenium and arabinogalactan nanocomposite on viability of the phytopathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. | | 2015 | 25937329 |
| infection processes of xylem-colonizing pathogenic bacteria: possible explanations for the scarcity of qualitative disease resistance genes against them in crops. | disease resistance against xylem-colonizing pathogenic bacteria in crops. plant pathogenic bacteria cause destructive diseases in many commercially important crops. among these bacteria, eight pathogens, ralstonia solanacearum, xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, x. campestris pv. campestris, erwinia amylovora, pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii, clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, and xylella fastidiosa, infect their host plants through different infe ... | 2015 | 25917599 |
| an amino acid at position 512 in β-glucosidase from clavibacter michiganensis determines the regioselectivity for hydrolyzing gypenoside xvii. | a recombinant β-glucosidase from clavibacter michiganensis specifically hydrolyzed the outer and inner glucose linked to the c-3 position in protopanaxadiol (ppd)-type ginsenosides and the c-6 position in protopanaxatriol (ppt)-type ginsenosides except for the hydrolysis of gypenoside lxxv (gyplxxv). the enzyme converted gypenoside xvii (gypxvii) to gyplxxv by hydrolyzing the inner glucose linked to the c-3 position. the substrate-binding residues obtained from the gypxvii-docked homology models ... | 2015 | 25820645 |
| clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis vatr1 and vatr2 transcriptional regulators are required for virulence in tomato. | the plant pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm) is a gram-positive bacterium responsible for wilt and canker disease of tomato. while disease development is well characterized and diagnosed, molecular mechanisms of cmm virulence are poorly understood. here, we identified and characterized two cmm transcriptional regulators, vatr1 and vatr2, that are involved in pathogenicity of cmm. vatr1 and vatr2 belong to tetr and mocr families of transcriptional regulators, respective ... | 2015 | 27839071 |
| seed-associated subspecies of the genus clavibacter are clearly distinguishable from clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | the genus clavibacter contains one recognized species, clavibacter michiganensis. clavibacter michiganensis is subdivided into subspecies based on host specificity and bacteriological characteristics, with clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis causing bacterial canker of tomato. clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is often spread through contaminated seed leading to outbreaks of bacterial canker in tomato production areas worldwide. the frequent occurrence of non-pathogenic c ... | 2015 | 25481293 |
| characterizing the genetic diversity of the clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis population in new york. | new york clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis isolates, collected from disparate bacterial canker of tomato outbreaks over the past 11 years, were characterized with a multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa) scheme that differentiated the 51 isolates into 21 haplotypes with a discriminatory power of 0.944. the mlsa scheme consisted of five housekeeping genes (kdpa, sdha, dnaa, liga, and gyrb) and three putative pathogenicity genes (cela, toma, and naga). repetitive polymerase chain reactio ... | 2015 | 25208240 |
| detection of potato brown rot and ring rot by electronic nose: from laboratory to real scale. | a commercial electronic nose (e-nose) equipped with a metal oxide sensor array was trained to recognize volatile compounds emitted by potatoes experimentally infected with ralstonia solanacearum or clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, which are bacterial agents of potato brown and ring rot, respectively. two sampling procedures for volatile compounds were tested on pooled tubers sealed in 0.5-1 l jars at room temperature (laboratory conditions): an enrichment unit containing different a ... | 2014 | 25127615 |
| clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis vatr1 and vatr2 transcriptional regulators are required for virulence in tomato. | the plant pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is a gram-positive bacterium responsible for wilt and canker disease of tomato. although disease development is well characterized and diagnosed, molecular mechanisms of c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis virulence are poorly understood. here, we identified and characterized two c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis transcriptional regulators, vatr1 and vatr2, that are involved in pathogenicity of c. michiganensis subsp. michig ... | 2014 | 24940988 |
| potential role of flavobacterial gliding-motility and type ix secretion system complex in root colonization and plant defense. | members of the flavobacterium genus are often highly abundant in the rhizosphere. nevertheless, the physiological characteristics associated with their enhanced rhizosphere competence are currently an enigma. flavobacteria possess a unique gliding-motility complex that is tightly associated with a recently characterized bacteroidetes-specific type ix protein secretion system, which distinguishes them from the rest of the rhizosphere microbiome. we hypothesize that proper functionality of this co ... | 2014 | 24921925 |
| treatment of amaranthus cruentus with chemical and biological inducers of resistance has contrasting effects on fitness and protection against compatible gram positive and gram negative bacterial pathogens. | amaranthus cruentus (ac) plants were treated with the synthetic systemic acquired resistance (sar) inducer benzothiadiazole (bth), methyl jasmonate (meja) and the incompatible pathogen, pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (pss), under greenhouse conditions. the treatments induced a set of marker genes in the absence of pathogen infection: bth and pss similarly induced genes coding for pathogenesis-related and antioxidant proteins, whereas meja induced the arginase, lox2 and amarandin 1 genes. bth ... | 2014 | 24913050 |
| identification of novel bacterial expansins and their synergistic actions on cellulose degradation. | novel expansins, non-catalytic proteins which induce weakening of the rigid cellulose structure, have been identified in this study. a pipeline of bioinformatics was implemented for sequence and structure-based prediction of putative bacterial expansin-like group × family from nr databases. all putative expansins had no detectable activity against cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates but showed varying degrees of synergy (2.0-7.6 folds) with the commercial trichoderma reesei cellulase (cellu ... | 2014 | 24632627 |
| clavibacter michiganensis subsp. phaseoli subsp. nov., pathogenic in bean. | a yellow gram-reaction-positive bacterium isolated from bean seeds (phaseolus vulgaris l.) was identified as clavibacter michiganensis by 16s rrna gene sequencing. molecular methods were employed in order to identify the subspecies. such methods included the amplification of specific sequences by pcr, 16s amplified rdna restriction analysis (ardra), rflp and multilocus sequence analysis as well as the analysis of biochemical and phenotypic traits including api 50ch and api zym results. the resul ... | 2014 | 24554636 |
| identification of volatile markers in potato brown rot and ring rot by combined gc-ms and ptr-ms techniques: study on in vitro and in vivo samples. | ralstonia solanacearum (rs) and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (cms) are the bacterial causal agents of potato brown and ring rot, respectively, and are included in the a2 list of quarantine pathogens in europe. identification by gc-ms analysis of volatile organic compounds from rs or cms cultured on different nutrient media was performed. gc-ms and ptr-ms analysis were carried out also on unwounded potato tubers infected with the same pathogens. infected tubers were produced by ex ... | 2014 | 24313381 |
| complete genome of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicusis siphophage cn1a. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicusis is a gram-positive actinomycete that is the causative agent of the potato disease ring rot. here, we announce the complete genome sequence of the clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicusis siphophage cn1a. cn1a is only the second fully sequenced clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicusis phage reported to date. core and unique features of its genome are described. | 2013 | 24309731 |
| genome-wide transcriptome analysis of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis grown in xylem mimicking medium. | the interaction between clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis with its host, the tomato plant (solanum lycopersicum), is poorly understood and only few virulence factors are known. while studying of the bacteria in planta is time-consuming and difficult, the analysis in vitro would facilitate research. therefore, a xylem mimicking medium (xmm) for c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis was established in this study based on an apoplast medium for xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. i ... | 2013 | 24060828 |
| tobacco cell cultures transformed by the hsp101 gene exhibit an increased resistance to clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus. | | 2013 | 23821058 |
| loop-mediated amplification of the clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis mica gene is highly specific. | loop-mediated amplification (lamp) was used to specifically identify clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, causal agent of bacterial canker of tomato. lamp primers were developed to detect mica, a chromosomally stable gene that encodes a type ii lantibiotic, michiganin a, which inhibits growth of other c. michiganensis subspecies. in all, 409 bacterial strains (351 c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and 58 non-c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis) from a worldwide collection were t ... | 2013 | 23802869 |
| genetic diversity of non-pathogenic clavibacter strains isolated from tomato seeds. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm) is a seed-transmitted, quarantine pathogen which causes bacterial wilt and canker of tomato. despite efforts to prevent seed contamination, new introductions are regularly detected, associated with new regions of tomato seed production. it seems as if the expanding diversity of cmm also challenges the limited host range. clavibacter-like isolates from tomato seed are phenotypically similar to cmm in the common diagnostic semi-selective media a ... | 2013 | 23768656 |
| simultaneous detection of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis and pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii based on microsphere immunoreaction. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (cmn) and pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (pss) are two plant pathogens that can cause tremendous agricultural economic losses. this novel method based on microsphere immunoreaction was developed for the simultaneous detection of cmn and pss in maize. this multiplex method was constructed based on microsphere immunodetection with fluorescent labels such as quantum dots (qds) and r-phycoerythrin (r-pe) for the detection of cmn and pss. captured qds ... | 2013 | 23169888 |
| multiplex pcr to detect four different tomato-infecting pathogens. | this work was aimed to develop a multiplex pcr assay to detect infectious agents such as clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, fusarium sp, leveillula taurica, and begomoviruses in tomato (solanum lycopersicum) plants. specific primer sets of each pathogen were designed based on intergenic ribosomal rna sequences for the first three, whereas for begomoviruses, primers were designed based on conserved regions. the design also considered that the length (200-800 bp) of the pcr products w ... | 2013 | 23135900 |
| identification of the replication region of a 111-kb circular plasmid from rhodococcus opacus b-4 by λ red recombination-based deletion analysis. | the replication region of the 111-kb circular plasmid pknr from rhodococcus opacus b-4 was identified. a pcr-based deletion analysis using the λ red recombination technique followed by restriction digestion and pcr-amplification analyses revealed that a 2.5-kb fragment covering one putative open reading frame (orf) was involved in the replication of pknr. the product of this orf showed significant similarity to a functionally unknown protein encoded in the replication region of the 70-kb circula ... | 2012 | 23006580 |
| a quantitative and direct pcr assay for the subspecies-specific detection of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis based on a ferredoxin reductase gene. | the gram-positive bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is the causal agent of canker disease in tomato. because it is very important to control newly introduced inoculum sources from commercial materials, the specific detection of this pathogen in seeds and seedlings is essential for effective disease control. in this study, a novel and efficient assay for the detection and quantitation of c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in symptomless tomato and red pepper seeds was de ... | 2012 | 22752914 |
| production of dapg and hcn by pseudomonas sp. lbum300 contributes to the biological control of bacterial canker of tomato. | bacterial canker caused by clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is known to cause significant economic losses to tomato production worldwide. biological control has been proposed as an alternative to current chemical containment methods, which are often inefficient and may leave adverse effects on the environment. however, only little headway has so far been made in developing biocontrol strategies against c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. to address this knowledge gap, we investi ... | 2012 | 22713078 |
| analysis of the interaction of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis with its host plant tomato by genome-wide expression profiling. | genome-wide expression profiles of the phytopathogenic actinomycete clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm) strain ncppb382 were analyzed using a 70mer oligonucleotide microarray. cmm causes bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, a systemic disease leading to substantial economic losses worldwide. global gene expression was monitored in vitro after long- and short-term incubation with tomato homogenate to simulate conditions in planta and in vivo ten days after inoculation of tomatoes ... | 2012 | 22326627 |