| arcanobacterium/corynebacterium-like bacterial isolates from sheep. | | 2001 | 11258726 |
| influence of escherichia coli and arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from bovine puerperal uteri on phenotypic and functional properties of neutrophils. | when cows develop endometritis after birth, escherichia coli and arcanobacterium pyogenes are usually the most prominent bacteria present in bovine uterine lochial secretions. a. pyogenes alone is rarely found in the course of a disturbed puerperium. this was confirmed in this study, since average and high-grade uterine contaminations were always associated with the presence of both bacteria. the contamination grade was positively correlated with uterine polymorphonuclear granulocyte (pmn) numbe ... | 2001 | 11267794 |
| arcanobacterium/corynebacterium-like bacterial isolates from sheep. | | 2001 | 11292097 |
| isolation of bovine viral diarrhea virus from a free-ranging mule deer in wyoming. | a noncytopathic type 1a bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was isolated from a free-ranging yearling female mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from northwestern wyoming (usa). the mule deer was emaciated, weak, and salivating, and arcanobacterium pyogenes was cultured from lung abscesses. bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from lung, however, bvdv antigen was not detected by immunohistochemistry. the bvdv genotype was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and the rna s ... | 2001 | 11310881 |
| infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis and lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the third eyelid in heifers. | on a dairy cattle farm, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was diagnosed in 29 (24%) calves and heifers aged from 2 weeks to 1 year old. the highest infection rate (18%) occurred in animals aged 3-6 months. the bacteriological examination of swabs from the affected animals yielded several species of bacteria: moraxella bovis, neisseria ovis, n. cuniculi, plasma coagulase-negative staphylococcus spp., alpha-haemolytic streptococcus spp., arcanobacterium pyogenes and escherichia coli. moraxell ... | 2001 | 11315524 |
| [detection of arcanobacterium haemolyticum in primoculture using the reverse camp test]. | arcanobacterium haemolyticum was isolated from 8,641 throat swabs in 49 cases (0.56%), from patients aged 16 to 24 years only, twice more often from men than from women. the isolation was achieved on sheep blood agar supplemented with streak with staphylococcus aureus strain producing beta-lysine. in all cases the presence of a. haemolyticum colonies was disclosed by the irregular periphery of haemolysis around the staphylococcal streak after the 48-hour incubation. the technique described shoul ... | 2001 | 11329730 |
| analysis of the functional domains of arcanobacterium pyogenes pyolysin using monoclonal antibodies. | pyolysin (plo), secreted by arcanobacterium pyogenes, is a novel member of the thiol-activated cytolysin (tacy) family of bacterial toxins. four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to plo were prepared for the analysis of functional domains of this toxin. two (mabs s and h) of these markedly inhibited the hemolytic activity of plo, but the inhibiting activity of the other two antibodies (mabs c and g) was weaker. subsequently, nine truncated plos were derived from recombinant escherichia coli by variou ... | 2001 | 11390107 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of a neuraminidase gene from arcanobacterium pyogenes. | arcanobacterium pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen, associated with suppurative infections in domestic animals. in addition to pyolysin, a pore-forming, cholesterol-binding toxin, a. pyogenes expresses a number of putative virulence factors, including several proteases and neuraminidase activity. a 3,009-bp gene, nanh, was cloned and sequenced and conferred neuraminidase activity on an escherichia coli host strain. the predicted 107-kda nanh protein displayed similarity to a number of bacteri ... | 2001 | 11401983 |
| molecular characterization of the pore-forming toxin, pyolysin, a major virulence determinant of arcanobacterium pyogenes. | arcanobacterium pyogenes is a common inhabitant and opportunistic pathogen of domestic animals. the pathogenesis of this organism in a range of suppurative diseases is not well understood. however, the development of genetic techniques to study this organism has allowed advances in the analysis of a. pyogenes virulence factors. a major step in this analysis was the identification and cloning of the a. pyogenes hemolytic exotoxin, pyolysin (plo). plo is the most divergent member of the cholestero ... | 2001 | 11470547 |
| [pneumonia in calves: characterization of the bacterial spectrum and the resistance patterns to antimicrobial drugs]. | the population under study included young calves with pneumonia (group a, n = 13) and their controls (group b, n = 9), as well as older calves from which the lungs with (group c, n = 90) or without (group d, n = 10) lesions were collected after slaughter. arcanobacterium pyogenes was the organism most commonly isolated from calves in group a (46%), followed by haemophilus somnus (23%), mannheimia haemolytica (15%), streptococcus suis and pasteurella multocida (7.7% each). only s. suis (22%) and ... | 2001 | 11476040 |
| pharyngitis and exanthema caused by arcanobacterium haemolyticum. | | 2001 | 11501657 |
| [detection of arcanobacterium haemolyticum phospholipase d neutralizing antibodies in patients with acute tonsillitis]. | neutralization test carried on a non-nutrient blood agar prepared from sheep erythrocytes sensibilized with equi factor of rhodococcus equi was used for the detection of antibodies against phospholipase d (pld) of arcanobacterium haemolyticum. altogether, 433 sera from 404 patients aged 1 to 25 years with the signs of acute tonsillitis were examined. antibodies against pld were found in 28 patients (6.9%). in 116 sera from persons without the signs of tonsillitis the antibodies against pld were ... | 2001 | 11550418 |
| the diagnosis and treatment of a thoracic abscess in an alpaca. | a 6-month-old alpaca presented for lethargy, failure to thrive and leucocytosis. diagnostic procedures, including thoracic ultrasound, radiographs and a computed tomography scan, were used to document a thoracic mass. based on appearance and ultrasound-guided aspiration of purulent material, the mass was determined to be a large abscess. the abscess was treated with surgical drainage and long-term antibiotic therapy. the origin of this thoracic abscess was felt to be the caudal mediastinum, seco ... | 2001 | 11712705 |
| endometritis in postparturient cattle associated with bovine herpesvirus-4 infection: 15 cases. | suppurative, ulcerative endometritis associated with bovine herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) infection was identified in 15 postparturient dairy cows from 5 separate dairies. characteristic eosinophilic to amphophilic intranuclear viral inclusion bodies were identified within degenerate endometrial lining epithelium and endothelial cells. bovine herpesvirus-4 was confirmed as the etiology by a combination of fluorescent antibody assays, viral isolation, heminested pcr, ultrastructural examination of the ut ... | 2001 | 11724141 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of corynebacteria isolated from ewe's mastitis. | the antimicrobial susceptibility of 50 coryneform isolates from subclinical mastitis in sheep was evaluated. arcanobacterium pyogenes (five isolates) had a susceptibility pattern distinct from the corynebacterium species tested. the corynebacterium isolates could be divided in two groups according to the mic values for ciprofloxacin. their antimicrobial susceptibility was usually unpredictable and consequently antimicrobial susceptibility tests are necessary for clinical and epidemiological purp ... | 2001 | 11738347 |
| intracranial abscessation in white-tailed deer of north america. | from january 1996 through april 1997, the geographic distribution, etiology, demographics, seasonality, and prevalence of an intracranial abscessation/suppurative meningoencephalitits syndrome in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were evaluated by surveying wildlife disease diagnostic laboratories and by examining both natural mortality and hunter-harvested deer skulls from north america. intracranial abscesses were diagnosed as the cause of death or illness in 97 of nearly 4,500 (2.2%) ... | 2001 | 11763729 |
| cow- and quarter-level risk factors for streptococcus uberis and staphylococcus aureus mastitis. | this study was designed to identify risk factors for intramammary infections with streptococcus uberis and staphylococcus aureus under field conditions. an 18-mo survey with sampling of all quarters of all lactating cows at 3-wk intervals was carried out in three dutch dairy herds with medium bulk milk somatic cell count (200,000 to 300,000 cells/ml). quarter milk samples were used for bacteriology and somatic cell counting. data on parity, lactation stage, and bovine herpesvirus 4-serology were ... | 2001 | 11814021 |
| the gram-positive tonsillar and nasal flora of piglets before and after weaning. | to investigate gram-positive nasal and tonsillar microbial flora of piglets before and after weaning. | 2001 | 11851806 |
| identification of a second arcanobacterium pyogenes neuraminidase and involvement of neuraminidase activity in host cell adhesion. | arcanobacterium pyogenes, a common inhabitant of the upper respiratory and urogenital tracts of economically important animals, such as cattle and swine, is also an opportunistic pathogen associated with suppurative infections in these animals. a. pyogenes expresses neuraminidase activity encoded by the nanh gene, and previously, construction of a nanh mutant of a. pyogenes bbr1 indicated that a second neuraminidase is present in this strain. a 5,112-bp gene, nanp, was cloned and sequenced, and ... | 2002 | 11854189 |
| susceptibility of arcanobacterium pyogenes from different sources to tetracycline, macrolide and lincosamide antimicrobial agents. | chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and the macrolide, tylosin, are extensively used for growth promotion and disease prophylaxis in the cattle and swine industries in the us. arcanobacterium pyogenes, a common inhabitant of the mucosal surfaces of cattle and swine, is also a pathogen associated with a variety of infections in these animals. a broth microdilution technique was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of 48 a. pyogenes isolates to macrolides, lincosamides and tetracycli ... | 2002 | 11856585 |
| pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur in plasma and uterine secretions and tissues after subcutaneous postpartum administration in lactating dairy cows. | a study was conducted to measure concentrations of potentially active ceftiofur derivatives, in plasma, in uterine tissues (endometrium and caruncles) and in uterine secretions at different time points after a single subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur hydrochloride (excenel rtu sterile suspension) at the dose of 1 mg/kg body weight in holstein-friesian dairy cows. the animals (n=4) were injected within 24 h of calving, after expulsion of the foetal membranes. plasma, lochial fluid, caruncl ... | 2002 | 11874524 |
| periodontal bacteria in rabbit mandibular and maxillary abscesses. | despite the high incidence of odontogenic abscesses in pet rabbits, published data on the bacteriology of these infections are lacking, and clinical cultures are often ambiguous, making antibiotic choices difficult. in order to define the bacteriology of these infections, 12 rabbit mandibular and maxillary abscesses were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. all specimens yielded pathogenic bacteria, including fusobacterium nucleatum, prevotella heparinolytica, prevotella spp., peptostreptococ ... | 2002 | 11880435 |
| modulation of the uterine response to infectious bacteria in postpartum ewes. | exogenous progesterone and prostaglandin e2 (pge2) can downregulate uterine immune functions and render the uterus susceptible to bacterial infection. | 2002 | 11883750 |
| clinical and bacteriological aspects on the use of oxytetracycline and flunixin in primiparous cows with induced retained placenta and post-partal endometritis. | retention of the fetal membranes and post-partal endometritis (rfm) are common problems in dairy cows. treatment often includes manual removal of the placenta in combination with antibiotic treatment. earlier studies have shown that cows with endometritis post-partum have a strong tendency to recover spontaneously. the present study focused on treatments of post-partal endometritis with the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, flunixin (f) either alone or combined with oxytetracycline (t). the stu ... | 2001 | 11885742 |
| arcanobacterium hippocoleae sp. nov., from the vagina of a horse. | a polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on a previously unidentified gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, diphtheroid-shaped organism isolated from a vaginal discharge of a horse. comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing demonstrated that the strain was a member of the genus arcanobacterium, but sequence divergence values of >4% with described species of this genus (viz: arcanobacterium haemolyticum, arcanobacterium bernardiae, arcanobacterium phocae, arcanobacterium pluranimalium and arcanoba ... | 2002 | 11931175 |
| isolation of arcanobacterium (actinomyces) pyogenes from cases of feline otitis externa and canine cystitis. | arcanobacterium pyogenes is a normal inhabitant of the mucous membranes of domestic animals, such as cattle, sheep, swine, and goats. it is also an opportunistic pathogen in these animals, where it causes a variety of purulent infections involving the skin, joints, and visceral organs. two recent cases of isolation of a. pyogenes from companion animals are reported. in the first case, a cat presented with a chronic otitis externa, from which a. pyogenes was isolated in pure culture. the second c ... | 2002 | 11939339 |
| widespread distribution of a tet w determinant among tetracycline-resistant isolates of the animal pathogen arcanobacterium pyogenes. | tetracycline resistance is common among isolates of the animal commensal and opportunistic pathogen arcanobacterium pyogenes. the tetracycline resistance determinant cloned from two bovine isolates of a. pyogenes was highly similar at the dna level (92% identity) to the tet(w) gene, encoding a ribosomal protection tetracycline resistance protein, from the rumen bacterium butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. the tet(w) gene was found in all 20 tetracycline-resistant isolates tested, indicating that it is a ... | 2002 | 11959557 |
| [do you recognize the pharyngitis and dermatitis caused by arcanobacterium haemolyticum?]. | | 2000 | 11989007 |
| biofilm bacteria: formation and comparative susceptibility to antibiotics. | the calgary biofilm device (cbd) was used to form bacterial biofilms of selected veterinary gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria from cattle, sheep, pigs, chicken, and turkeys. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (mbec) of ampicillin, ceftiofur, cloxacillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin g, streptomycin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tilmicosin, and trimethoprim-sulfadoxine for gram-positive and -negative b ... | 2002 | 11989739 |
| bacteriological and epidemiological findings during examination of the uterine content of ewes with retention of fetal membranes. | we included 92 pairs of ewes with or without retention of fetal membranes in a cohort study of 25 flocks in southern greece. we obtained two uterine content samples under aseptic conditions, by introducing a swab into the uterus of these ewes, on the 2nd-4th and the 5th-9th day after lambing. we used conventional bacteriological techniques to isolate and identify bacteria and to carry out antimicrobial agents susceptibility testing. the prevalence of bacterial intrauterine contamination among ew ... | 2002 | 12041685 |
| lochial secretions of escherichia coli- or arcanobacterium pyogenes-infected bovine uteri modulate the phenotype and the functional capacity of neutrophilic granulocytes. | it has been suggested that in cases of puerperal endometritis of cattle infected with escherichia coli and arcanobacterium pyogenes, the neutrophils are compromised in their defense capacity or downregulated functionally. in addition to direct bacterial effects, contents of lochial secretions and secreted products of locally activated polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes (pmns) may also account for changes in function of freshly immigrating neutrophils. in this study, lochial secretions w ... | 2002 | 12041909 |
| pyothorax associated with a mycoplasma sp and arcanobacterium pyogenes in a kitten. | pyothorax associated with a mycoplasma sp and arcanobacterium pyogenes was diagnosed at necropsy in a 1-month-old female van kitten. the pleural cavity contained approximately 50 ml of blood-tinged, reddish-brown, nonodourous fluid bilaterally. gram positive coccobacilli were seen in the exudate from necrotic plaques on the pleurae. mycoplasma sp and a pyogenes were isolated from a sample of the fluid in the pleural cavity. the concomitant presence of mycoplasma sp and a pyogenes could be consid ... | 2002 | 12153057 |
| genotypic diversity of clinical actinomyces species: phenotype, source, and disease correlation among genospecies. | we determined the frequency distribution of actinomyces spp. recovered in a routine clinical laboratory and investigated the clinical significance of accurate identification to the species level. we identified 92 clinical strains of actinomyces, including 13 strains in the related arcanobacterium-actinobaculum taxon, by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis and recorded their biotypes, sources, and disease associations. the clinical isolates clustered into 21 genogroups. twelve genogroups (74 strains) ... | 2002 | 12202591 |
| first report of a parasitic copepod (pennella balaenopterae) infestation in a pinniped. | an infestation by the parasitic copepod pennella balaenopterae was found in a stranded, 8-mo-old, female northern elephant seal (mirounga angustirostris). diagnosis was based on the finding of the cephalothoraxes of 14 adult female copepods from three subcutaneous sites. bacteria cultured from lesion exudate included arcanobacterium phocae, escherichia coli, edwardsiella tarda, an enterococcus sp., and proteus mirabilis. the lesions were drained and irrigated with chlorhexidine, and the seal was ... | 2002 | 12216795 |
| lemierre's disease caused by co-infection of arcanobacterium haemolyticum and fusobacterium necrophorum: a case report. | we report the first case of lemierre's disease caused by a co-infection with a. haemolyticum and f. necrophorum. a characteristic skin rash and predominant growth on multiple blood cultures suggests a causative role for arcanobacterium. failures of penicillin therapy in a. haemolyticum infections should be considered when the initial antibiotic regimen is chosen. | 2002 | 12217717 |
| isolation of arcanobacterium pyogenes from the porcine gastric mucosa. | arcanobacterium (actinomyces) pyogenes is an inhabitant of the mucous membranes of the respiratory and genital tracts of a number of domestic animal species. however, following a precipitating physical or microbial insult, a. pyogenes can become an opportunistic pathogen, associated with suppurative infections. the isolation of a. pyogenes from the bovine ruminal wall indicated that this organism may also inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of, at least, cattle. to determine whether a. pyogenes w ... | 2002 | 12241094 |
| "actinobaculum massiliae," a new species causing chronic urinary tract infection. | we report on a new actinobaculum species, "actinobaculum massiliae," isolated from the urine of an elderly woman with recurrent cystitis. its phenotypic pattern was similar to those of both of the other actinobaculum species described to date. on 16s rrna sequencing, the marseille isolate shared 95% homology with actinobaculum suis, 92 to 93% homology with actinobaculum schaalii, 91 to 92% homology with arcanobacterium spp., and 87 to 90% homology with actinomyces species. a bootstrap value of 9 ... | 2002 | 12409355 |
| [infections by arcanobacterium haemolyticum: an emerging pathogen]. | arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a grampositive rod wich belonged, until a short time ago, to corynebacterium genus, and recently classified in a new genus, with only one specie. human is the main reservoir. it has been isolated from the skin and pharinx of healthy individuals, but also it is cause of infection, specially pharingitis, in children, and chronic cutaneous ulcus, in diabetic patients. less frequently, it is cause of osteomyelitis, meningitis, pneumonia, abscess, endocarditis and seps ... | 2002 | 12420635 |
| effect of amino acid substitutions in the epitope regions of pyolysin from arcanobacterium pyogenes. | pyolysin (plo), secreted by arcanobacterium pyogenes, is a novel member of the thiol-activated cytolysin (tacy, cholesterol-dependent cytolysin) family of bacterial toxins. recently, we demonstrated that the epitopes of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) s, h, c, and g lie in the regions of amino acids regions 55-73, 123-166, 482-506, and 482-506 of plo, respectively, by the reaction of mabs with truncated plos. in this study, we substituted the amino acids in these epitope regions of plo by site-dire ... | 2003 | 12458169 |
| the variant undecapeptide sequence of the arcanobacterium pyogenes haemolysin, pyolysin, is required for full cytolytic activity. | the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (cdcs) are characterized by an undecapeptide sequence (ectglawewwr) that is located near the c terminus and within domain 4 of these proteins. pyolysin (plo), the cdc of arcanobacterium pyogenes, has a variant undecapeptide sequence (eatglawdpww). site-directed mutants were constructed in undecapeptide residues in a recombinant plo molecule containing a hexahistidine tag (his-plo). mutations in each of the three undecapeptide tryptophan residues resulted in l ... | 2002 | 12480898 |
| arcanobacterium hemolyticum: identification and susceptibility to nine antimicrobial agents. | | 2002 | 12519360 |
| morbidity and mortality factors in key deer (odocoileus virginianus clavium). | the population health of endangered key deer (odocoileus virginianus clavium) was monitored from 10 february 1986 to 28 september 2000 by necropsy of animals that were killed by vehicles, euthanized because of terminal injuries or disease conditions, or found dead. the predominant mortality factor during the period was collision with motor vehicles; however, several infectious diseases were diagnosed, including infections with arcanobacterium pyogenes, haemonchus contortus, salmonella spp., and ... | 2002 | 12528433 |
| evaluation of the pathology, pathogenesis and aetiology of auricular elephantiasis in slaughter pigs. | ears from slaughter pigs with auricular elephantiasis (n = 24) and the corresponding lymph nodes (lnn.) (n = 26) were grossly, histopathologically and microbiologically examined. immunostaining for igm, igg, cd3epsilon and bacterial antigens of arcanobacterium pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus was performed by indirect enzyme-based techniques. ears were variably thickened depending on the sampled area (basis, centre and apex). however, at all locations the thickness, the length from basis to ap ... | 2002 | 12549830 |
| venous ulcer infection caused by arcanobacterium haemolyticum. | a. haemolyticum has been described as an unusual pathogen causing pharyngotonsillitis and extra pharyngeal infections like ulcerative lesions infection mainly in patients with underlying condition (peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, alcoholism). a case of a. haemolyticum venous leg ulcer infection is reported in a 66 year-old diabetic male patient. bacteriological diagnosis is based on conventional culture technique. but, due to its coryneform appearance and time growing, it is probably unde ... | 2001 | 12561674 |
| characterization of some actinomyces-like isolates from human clinical sources: description of varibaculum cambriensis gen nov, sp nov. | fifteen strains of an anaerobic, catalase-negative, gram-positive diphtheroid-shaped bacterium recovered from human sources were characterized by phenotypic and molecular chemical and molecular genetic methods. the unidentified bacterium showed some resemblance to actinomyces species and related taxa, but biochemical testing, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of whole-cell proteins, and amplified 16s ribosomal dna restriction analysis indicated the strains were distinct from all curren ... | 2003 | 12574260 |
| arcanobacterium haemolyticum. | | 2003 | 12582410 |
| role of ovarian progesterone and potential role of prostaglandin f2alpha and prostaglandin e2 in modulating the uterine response to infectious bacteria in postpartum ewes. | in sheep and cattle, the postpartum uterus is resistant to bacterial challenge until after corpora lutea develop. a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to determine whether prostaglandins may mediate the effects of progesterone in transforming the postpartum uterus from resistant to susceptible. on d 14 postpartum, ewes (n = 6/group) were ovariectomized or sham ovariectomized, and the vena cava was catheterized for daily collection of uteroovarian-enriched blood. from d 15 to 20, ... | 2003 | 12597400 |
| characterization and clinical manifestations of arcanobacterium phocae infections in marine mammals stranded along the central california coast. | between 1994 and 2000, 141 arcanobacterium phocae isolates were recovered from marine mammals that stranded along the central california coast (usa). arcanobacterium phocae was cultured from tissue sites with abnormal discharge or evidence of inflammation in 66 california sea lions (zalophus californianus), 50 pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardii), 19 northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris), five southern sea otters (enhydra lutris nereis), and one common dolphin (delphinus d ... | 2003 | 12685077 |
| immunization with genetic toxoids of the arcanobacterium pyogenes cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, pyolysin, protects mice against infection. | pyolysin (plo), a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin expressed by arcanobacterium pyogenes, is an important host-protective antigen. however, this molecule is toxic and requires inactivation prior to its use as a vaccine. three genetically toxoided, nonhemolytic plo molecules, his-plo.f(497), his-plo.delta p(499), and his-plo.a(522), were found to be nontoxic, and vaccinated mice were protected from infection, indicating the potential of these toxoids as vaccines. furthermore, in a mouse model of i ... | 2003 | 12704180 |
| progesterone increases susceptibility of gilts to uterine infections after intrauterine inoculation with infectious bacteria. | in cattle and sheep, a progestogenated uterus is susceptible to infections, but this is not well documented for pigs. therefore, the effects of day of the estrous cycle and progesterone on the susceptibility to uterine infections were evaluated. gilts (n = 5 per group) were assigned to treatments in 2 x 2 factorial arrays. in exp. 1, day of cycle and bacterial challenge were main effects. on d 0 or 8, uteri were inoculated with either 70 x 10(7) cfu of escherichia coli and 150 x 10(7) cfu of arc ... | 2003 | 12772852 |
| arcanobacterium haemolyticum sinusitis and orbital cellulitis. | we present a case of sinusitis and orbital cellulitis in a 9-year-old girl caused by the gram-positive bacillus arcanobacterium haemolyticum. in addition to antimicrobial chemotherapy, two surgical procedures were required to drain the ethmoid and maxillary sinus cavities and a subperiosteal abscess. | 2003 | 12797314 |
| bovine mastitis in selected areas of southern ethiopia. | a study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern ethiopia. a total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous zebu, 85 jersey and 60 holstein-friesian. were examined by clinical examination and the california mastitis (cmt) test. of these, 40.4% were positive by cmt and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevale ... | 2003 | 12797409 |
| uterine response to infectious bacteria in estrous cyclic ewes. | luteal-phase uteri are susceptible to infections, and pge2 and exogenous progesterone can down-regulate, whereas pgf2alpha can up-regulate, uterine immune functions. | 2003 | 12854731 |
| the arcanobacterium pyogenes collagen-binding protein, cbpa, promotes adhesion to host cells. | arcanobacterium pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen associated with suppurative diseases in economically important food animals such as cattle, pigs, and turkeys. a. pyogenes adheres to host epithelial cells, and adhesion is promoted by the action of neuraminidase, which is expressed by this organism. however, a neuraminidase-deficient mutant of a. pyogenes only had a reduced ability to adhere to host epithelial cells, indicating that other factors are involved in adhesion. far western blottin ... | 2003 | 12874314 |
| some new aspects of the pathology, pathogenesis, and aetiology of disseminated lung lesions in slaughter pigs. | from 40 pigs rejected for human consumption at slaughter due to an apparent presence of pyemic lung lesions (defined as disseminated processes containing pus and/or necrotic material), the lungs, spleen, liver, and kidneys were subjected to an extended macroscopic examination. several lung lesions were sampled from each animal for histological and bacteriological examination. samples from the kidneys and spleens were also subjected to bacteriological examination. at gross level, four groups of l ... | 2003 | 12887504 |
| [arcanobacterium haemolyticum sinusitis]. | arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a bacterial pharyngeal pathogen that predominantly infects adolescents and young adults. it rarely causes severe infection. a case of sinusitis in an 18-year-old female patient with a skin rash is presented. the strain was susceptible to erythromicin, ampicilin, vancomicin, cephalotin, clindamicin, rifampicin and penicillin. erythromicin has been proposed as first-line therapy. | 2001 | 12934267 |
| mandibular pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis in a sannen goat. | mandibular pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis was diagnosed in a female sannen goat. the doe presented for difficulty prehending and chewing food. the left mandible was swollen and firm on palpation. radiographs revealed changes consistent with osteomyelitis of the affected mandible. arcanobacterium pyogenes was isolated from aspirates of swollen mandible. despite antimicrobial therapy, the goat died. histopathological findings were consistent with pyogranulomatous disease of the affected mandible. ... | 2003 | 12948160 |
| the gene encoding pyolysin, the pore-forming toxin of arcanobacterium pyogenes, resides within a genomic islet flanked by essential genes. | the plo gene, encoding the arcanobacterium pyogenes cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, pyolysin (plo), was localized to a 2.7-kb genomic islet of reduced %g+c content and alternate codon usage frequency. this islet, conserved among isolates from diverse hosts and geographical locations, separated the housekeeping genes smc and ftsy, which are found adjacent in many prokaryotes. the ftsy and ffh genes, located downstream of the plo islet, encode components of the signal recognition particle. mutati ... | 2003 | 12951248 |
| macrolide and lincosamide resistance in the gram-positive nasal and tonsillar flora of pigs. | macrolide and lincosamide resistance phenotypes and the presence of the erm(a), erm(b), erm(c), and mef(a) genes were determined in 344 bacterial strains belonging to 34 species and nine genera, isolated from the tonsils and nasal cavities of 2-week- and 6-week-old piglets, derived from four different farms. these piglets had never before been treated with macrolides or lincosamides. macrolide and lincosamide resistance was most frequently present in streptococcus and enterococcus strains, of wh ... | 2003 | 12959408 |
| arcanobacterium pyogenes as a cause of fatal pleuropneumonia after capture and transport of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | | 1999 | 12968764 |
| tylosin resistance in arcanobacterium pyogenes is encoded by an erm x determinant. | arcanobacterium pyogenes, a commensal on the mucous membranes of many economically important animal species, is also a pathogen, causing abscesses of the skin, joints, and visceral organs as well as mastitis and abortion. in food animals, a. pyogenes is exposed to antimicrobial agents used for growth promotion, prophylaxis, and therapy, notably tylosin, a macrolide antibiotic used extensively for the prevention of liver abscessation in feedlot cattle in the united states. of 48 a. pyogenes isola ... | 2003 | 14576111 |
| antibiotic sensitivity and biochemical characterization of fusobacterium spp. and arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from farmed white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) with necrobacillosis. | bacterial cultures from 32 living and dead farmed white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) with necrobacillosis yielded fusobacterium necrophorum from nine individuals, f. varium from six individuals, and arcanobacterium pyogenes from 16 individuals. the isolates were characterized biochemically using automated identification systems. gram-stained smears suggested the presence of fusobacterium spp. in eight cases from which organisms were not cultured. minimum inhibitory concentration determin ... | 2003 | 14582788 |
| steroidal regulation of uterine resistance to bacterial infection in livestock. | postpartum uterine infections reduce reproductive efficiency and have significant animal welfare and economic consequences. postpartum uterine infections are classified as nonspecific, but arcanobacterium pyogenes and escherichia coli are usually associated with them in cattle and sheep. pyometra is the most common type of uterine infection in dairy cattle, and it is detected almost exclusively in cows with active corpora lutea. luteal progesterone typically down-regulates uterine immune functio ... | 2003 | 14641941 |
| a second tylosin resistance determinant, erm b, in arcanobacterium pyogenes. | arcanobacterium pyogenes, a common inhabitant of the mucosal surfaces of livestock, is also a pathogen associated with a variety of infections. in livestock, a. pyogenes is exposed to antimicrobial agents used for prophylaxis and therapy, notably tylosin, a macrolide used extensively for the prevention of liver abscessation in feedlot cattle in the united states. many, but not all, tylosin-resistant a. pyogenes isolates carry erm(x), suggesting the presence of other determinants of tylosin resis ... | 2004 | 14982756 |
| ribosomal mutations in arcanobacterium pyogenes confer a unique spectrum of macrolide resistance. | four macrolide-resistant arcanobacterium pyogenes isolates contained a2058t, a2058g, or c2611g (escherichia coli numbering) mutations in their 23s rrna genes. while these mutations conferred resistance to erythromycin, oleandomycin, and spiramycin, they did not confer resistance to tylosin. | 2004 | 14982799 |
| four-year survey of urinary tract infections in calves in israel. | the prevalence of urinary tract infections in calves aged seven days to three months in three dairy cattle herds ranged from 0.5 to 1.6 per cent, with an average of 1.1 per cent. the mortality rate reached 16.1 per cent. the morbidity rate of the female calves was 1.4 per cent and that of the male calves 0.8 per cent. the bacteria isolated from urine, and from vaginal and preputial swabs were escherichia coli (35 per cent), corynebacterium renale (14 per cent), plasma coagulase-negative staphylo ... | 2004 | 14994858 |
| necrotizing stomatitis associated with fusobacterium necrophorum in two goats. | necrotizing stomatitis associated with fusobacterium necrophorum in two goats is described. arcanobacterium pyrogenes was the dominant component of the microbial flora cultured under aerobic condition. treatment with penicillin, at a dose of 50 000 iu/kg for 6 days was used successfully in the cure of the disease. | 2004 | 14995978 |
| experimentally induced orchitis associated with arcanobacterium pyogenes: clinical, ultrasonographic, seminological and pathological features. | the objectives of this study were to describe the features of experimentally induced orchitis associated with arcanobacterium pyogenes and confirm the pathogenicity of the organism for the ovine testicle. one testicle of each of nine rams was inoculated with 1.3 +/- 10(4) colony-forming-units of an a. pyogenes isolate and regular clinical, ultrasonographic, bacteriological and seminological examinations were carried out up to 204 days after challenge. the rams were sequentially euthanatized 3, 6 ... | 2004 | 15325557 |
| [one case of pneumonia with arcanobacterium pyogenes]. | arcanobacterium pyogenes is an anaerobic gram-positive bacilli and it is a part of the normal flora in many domestic animals. a. pyogenes is a rare cause of pyogenic infections in humans and most of cases reported are questionable since there was failure to definitively identify the pathogen. a man with no past medical history presented with respiratory infection. the blood sample collected confirmed an arcanobacterium pyogenes. it was necessary the addition of clarytromycin to the initial empir ... | 2004 | 15347239 |
| fibrinonecrotic rhinitis caused by a concurrent infection of fusobacterium necrophorum and arcanobacterium pyogenes in a cow. | an 8 year-old cow showing severe dyspnea and nasal mucosal necrosis immediately after parturition was subjected to pathological examination. the principal lesions were fibrinonecrotic rhinitis, necrotic bronchopneumonia and renal infarction. fusobacterium necrophorum biotype a and arcanobacterium pyogenes antigens were detected in the nasal and pulmonary lesions. these results suggest that the lesions were caused by a concurrent infection of the detected bacteria and that the pulmonary lesions w ... | 2004 | 15353853 |
| pulmonary mycoplasmosis in farmed white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | an outbreak of respiratory disease at a farmed cervid facility resulted in isolation and identification of mycoplasma boris in four affected white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) fawns. microscopically, pulmonary lesions similar to those associated with m. bovis infections in calves, inclulding lymphoplasmacytic peribronchiolar cuffing and caseonecrotic bronchiectasis, were present. arcanobacterium pyogenes was recovered from lung tissue as well. this report indicates that m. bovis can be a ... | 2004 | 15362844 |
| effect of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on milk yield in dairy cows. | our objective was to estimate the effects of the first occurrence of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis (cm) on milk yield in 3071 dairy cows in 2 new york state farms. the pathogens studied were streptococcus spp.,staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus spp., escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., arcanobacterium pyogenes, other pathogens grouped together, and "no pathogen isolated." data were collected from october 1999 to july 2001. milk samples were collected from cows showing signs of cm and wer ... | 2004 | 15377615 |
| foot infections associated with arcanobacterium pyogenes in free-living fallow deer (dama dama). | we describe foot infection associated with arcanobacterium pyogenes in three adult male free-living fallow deer (dama dama) from sueve regional hunting reserve (principality of asturias, spain). affected fallow deer were culled in november 1997 and 1998 during the hunting season. necropsy, radiography, and microbiologic analysis were carried out for each animal. unilateral swelling of one extremity at the coronary band was observed in all three cases. areas of bone loss, severe periosteal reacti ... | 2004 | 15465736 |
| influence of various treatment methods on bacteriological findings in cows with puerperal endometritis. | the aim of the study was to identify the species of microorganisms isolated from the uterus of healthy cows (control group) and cows affected with puerperal metritis (pm) before and after an experimental therapy with an immunomodulator and antibiotics versus commonly applied methods (antibiotic + beta-blocker or antibiotic + pgf2alpha). examinations were carried out on 110 cows with pm in three farms with similar system of rearing and nutrition. the control group consisted of 21 cows without pos ... | 2004 | 15478861 |
| minimum inhibitory concentrations of some antimicrobial drugs against bacteria causing uterine infections in cattle. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of oxytetracycline, cephapirin, cephapirin/mecillinam, cefquinome, ceftiofur and enrofloxacin, candidate antibiotics for the principal bacteria associated with uterine infections: escherichia coli, arcanobacterium pyogenes and the anaerobic bacteria fusobacterium necrophorum and prevotella melaninogenicus, were determined by the agar dilution method. the bacteria were isolated from animals with clinical metritis and/or endometritis. for e coli, cefqui ... | 2004 | 15499809 |
| isolation of serratia, arcanobacterium and burkholderia species from visceral and cutaneous abscesses in four emaciated ewes. | | 2004 | 15508845 |
| a retrospective study of mortality in pennsylvania captive white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus): 20000--2003. | the postmortem records of 160 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) submitted for necropsy examination from 59 separate pennsylvania captive deer farms over a 3.5-year period were reviewed to determine the primary cause of death of each animal. the most common causes of death were bronchopneumonia (39 cases), enterocolitis (30 cases), malnutrition (13 cases), and trauma (11 cases). other causes of mortality included severe gastrointestinal parasitism (6 cases), cellulitis with septicemia (5 ... | 2004 | 15586566 |
| clinical evaluation of postpartum vaginal mucus reflects uterine bacterial infection and the immune response in cattle. | bacteria contaminate the uterus of most dairy cattle after parturition and endometritis causes infertility. an endometritis score can be ascribed based on the vaginal mucus character and odour but it is not clear if the clinical score reflects the number of uterine bacteria or the inflammatory response. the present study tested the hypothesis that clinical evaluation of endometritis reflects the number of bacteria present in the uterus, and the acute phase protein response. swabs (n = 328) were ... | 2005 | 15589277 |
| [treatment of chronic bovine endometritis and factors for treatment success]. | in a controlled field trial, 178 dairy cows with chronic endometritis and at least 21 days in lactation were randomly assigned to four different treatment groups: prostaglandin f2alpha intramuscularly (pg, 5 mg dinoprost (5 ml dinolytic), n = 51), intrauterine antibiotics (ab; 400 mg ampicillin + 800 oxacillin (20 ml totocillin), n = 49), intrauterine antiseptics (as; 100 ml 4% lotagen, n = 50); control (c, no initial treatment, n = 28). before treatment, uterine swabs for bacteriologic examinat ... | 2005 | 15714870 |
| a case series on chronic canaliculitis. | primary chronic canaliculitis is an uncommon disease, which is often misdiagnosed and insufficiently treated. we present two cases of canaliculitis caused by two different organisms, actinomycetes spp. and arcanobacterium haemolyticum. to the best of our knowledge, canaliculitis due to arcanobacterium haemolyticum has not been reported before. | 2005 | 15764110 |
| [bacterially conditioned thromboembolism in dairy cows--a retrospective study of 31 necropsy cases with special consideration of the causative complex]. | a study of 340 necropsied dairy cattle from northern bavaria resulted in 31 animals (9%) showing evidence of pyemic thromboembolism. the most frequent pathomorphologic lesions consisted in endocarditis valvularis thromboticans of the tricuspid and/or mitral valve (21), embolic pneumonia (26), nephritis (13) and renal infarction (12). the most common isolate found in bacteriologic culture was arcanobacterium pyogenes in 26 of 31 cases, followed by staphylococcus aureus (2), mannheimia haemolytica ... | 2005 | 15803759 |
| enzootic pneumonia of pigs--a diagnostic dilemma. | in an enzootic pneumonia-free australian pig herd, an outbreak of a severe respiratory disease in the grow-out herd was initially diagnosed as acute tracheitis and pneumonia precipitated by the dusty environment, with a superimposed mixed infection of pasteurella multocida and arcanobacterium pyogenes. culture for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, salmonella sp and fungi was negative. the outbreak persisted. subsequently, gross lesions consistent with enzootic pneumonia occurred, but histological lesion ... | 2005 | 15825621 |
| pharyngotonsillitis due to arcanobacterium haemolyticum in northern israel. | arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a well-recognized but uncommon cause of pharyngitis and skin rash in adolescents and young adults. to date, no data regarding its frequency in israel have been published. | 2005 | 15847204 |
| septic arthritis due to arcanobacterium haemolyticum. | diphtheroids or "coryneform" bacilli are usually considered to be nonpathogenic "normal flora" of human skin and mucous membranes. because bacterial cultures are frequently contaminated with these organisms the correct diagnosis and treatment may be delayed by the failure to recognize serious infections caused by them. few confirmed cases of orthopaedic infections due to arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection have been reported, partly because of inadequate identification of this bacterium. we r ... | 2005 | 15928428 |
| bovine herpesvirus 4-associated postpartum metritis in a spanish dairy herd. | in more than 10 spanish dairy cows, a bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv4) associated postpartum metritis was confirmed by virus isolation, bhv4-glycoprotein b (gb) pcr and/or serology. in this study, 12 cows with, and, at the time of sampling, 3 cows without clinical signs of acute postpartum metritis from one large dairy herd in spain were examined for bacterial and viral infections. blood, placenta/caruncles and uterine contents were collected between day 1 and day 20 post-calving, and examined for th ... | 2006 | 15946713 |
| prevalence of fusobacterium necrophorum and other upper respiratory tract pathogens isolated from throat swabs. | fusobacterium necrophorum, an anaerobic, gram-negative rod, has been identified recently as a significant cause of persistent sore throat syndrome (psts). this disease is characterised by chronic, recurrent or persistent sore throat, which is believed to respond poorly to penicillin in vivo. the aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of f. necrophorum in all throat swabs received in our diagnostic microbiology department and to compare the results with those for other recognised respirat ... | 2005 | 15997879 |
| pulmonary infections in swine induce altered porcine surfactant protein d expression and localization to dendritic cells in bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue. | surfactant protein d (sp-d) is a pattern-recognition molecule of the innate immune system that recognizes various microbial surface-specific carbohydrate and lipid patterns. in vitro data has suggested that this binding may lead to increased microbial association with macrophages and dendritic cells. the aim of the present in vivo study was to study the expression of porcine sp-d (psp-d) in the lung during different pulmonary bacterial infections, and the effect of the routes of infection on thi ... | 2005 | 16011521 |
| arcanobacterium pyogenes mastitis in a 18-month-old heifer. | | 2002 | 16032265 |
| gross abnormalities, bacteriology and histological lesions of uteri of dairy cows failing to conceive or maintain pregnancy. | to describe the gross pathology, bacteriology and histopathology of the reproductive tracts of dairy cows that failed to conceive or maintain pregnancy. | 2005 | 16044186 |
| arcanobacterium pyogenes: molecular pathogenesis of an animal opportunist. | arcanobacterium pyogenes is a commensal and an opportunistic pathogen of economically important livestock, causing diseases as diverse as mastitis, liver abscessation and pneumonia. this organism possesses a number of virulence factors that contribute to its pathogenic potential. a. pyogenes expresses a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, pyolysin, which is a haemolysin and is cytolytic for immune cells, including macrophages. expression of pyolysin is required for virulence and this molecule is th ... | 2005 | 16096685 |
| effect of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on herd life in two new york state dairy herds. | the objective of this study was to estimate the effects of clinical mastitis (cm) (both with and without specific pathogen identification) occurring in different stages of lactation on length of herd life in two new york state dairy farms. the 2,697 cows in the study were followed for one lactation (the first-occurring one on or after 1 october 1999), until it ended because of a new lactation, culling, or end of study (31 march 2001 in one farm; 31 july 2001 in the other). a cox proportional haz ... | 2005 | 16111778 |
| arcanobacterium haemolyticum associated with pyothorax: case report. | arcanobacterium haemolyticum has an established role in the etiology of human pharyngitis. there are increasing reports of systemic infections caused by this organism. from india, we report the first case of arcanobacterium haemolyticum causing pyothorax in an immunocompetent adolescent male patient. the probable mode of infection is also discussed. the role of a. hemolyticum as an animal pathogen needs further study. | 2005 | 16144543 |
| locomotive disorders associated with sow mortality in danish pig herds. | given the increase in sow mortality in danish pig herds over the last 10 years, we have investigated the causes of spontaneous death and killing of sows, especially those due to locomotive disorders. a total of 265 culled sows (93 spontaneously dead sows and 172 killed sows) from 10 different herds were sent for complete necropsy, and grouped according to primary diagnoses. from 35 of these sows, tissue for histological evaluation and samples for bacteriological cultivation were also collected, ... | 2005 | 16176574 |
| [resistance of mastitis pathogens in northern germany]. | the data of 1692 susceptibility tests acquired from april 2003 through march 2004 in the mastitis laboratory of the institute for food quality and safety were summarized in order to help veterinarians confronted with acute mastitis in choosing the appropriate antibiotic. two thirds of the milk samples were infected with gram-positive cocci. one third of these were identified as streptococcus (s.) uberis, one fourth as staphylococcus (s.) aureus. all isolates (100%) of s. uberis, s. dysgalactiae, ... | 2005 | 16206927 |
| uterine response to multiple inoculations with arcanobacterium pyogenes and escherichia coli in nulliparous ewes. | uterine infections seem more severe in nulliparous animals. our objective was to determine whether intrauterine inoculation of nulliparous ewes with arcanobacterium pyogenes and escherichia coli would produce an antibody response and reduce the severity of subsequent infections. | 2005 | 16212647 |
| aerobic bacterial flora of the nasal cavity in gulf of california sea lion (zalophus californianus) pups. | nasal swab samples from clinically healthy california sea lions pups (zalophus californianus) from six different reproductive rookeries in the gulf of california were collected to determine the type and frequency of the representative aerobic bacterial microflora of their nasal mucosa. a total of 114 samples were examined and 100 bacterial isolates were identified and typified by microbiological and biochemical standard tests. fifty four isolates corresponded to gram positive bacteria (54%) and ... | 2005 | 16266850 |
| perinatal exposure to low doses of pcb 153 and pcb 126 affects maternal and neonatal immunity in goat kids. | pregnant does (10 goats/group) were dosed orally either with polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) 153 (98 microg/kg body weight/d) or pcb 126 (ng/kg body weight/d) dissolved in corn oil or with corn oil only (control group) from gestation day (gd) 60 until delivery. an additional group (n = 5) of pregnant does received the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (des; 0.4 microg/kg body weight/d) by intramuscular injection using the same treatment schedule as for the pcb groups. blood samples for immune ... | 2006 | 16291567 |
| slaughterhouse survey of pyelonephritis in dairy cows. | twenty-one rejected kidneys from 2426 slaughtered dairy cows (0.87 per cent) had gross signs of pyelonephritis that were confirmed by histopathology. in all the kidneys the findings were consistent with a chronic rather than an acute infection. one species of bacteria was cultured from 12 of the kidneys and two species of bacteria were cultured from six. the most commonly isolated bacteria were escherichia coli, from eight kidneys, arcanobacterium pyogenes, from seven kidneys and corynebacterium ... | 2005 | 16299366 |
| arcanobacterium haemolyticum bacteraemia and soft-tissue infections: case report and review of the literature. | five cases of bacteraemia with arcanobacterium haemolyticum in association with soft-tissue infections are reported from immunocompetent patients. a review of all a. haemolyticum isolates from our institution over a three-year period reveals that 94% were cultured from patients with soft-tissue infections, and 72% of all patients had concomitant diabetes mellitus. arcanobacterium haemolyticum is an uncommon cause of bacteraemic soft-tissue infections, and diabetes mellitus may be an associated r ... | 2006 | 16316687 |
| [arcanobacterium haemolyticum]. | | 2005 | 16341357 |