| aspects of the development of flight-muscle sarcosomes in the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, in relation to changes in the distribution of protein and some respiratory enzymes during metamorphosis. | 1. changes in the amounts and distribution of protein and respiratory enzymes have been estimated during the life cycle of the fly lucilia cuprina. 2. the fully fed larva contains about 7mg. of protein, the pupa and newly emerged fly about 4mg., and the mature adult about 3mg. 3. there are two periods of incorporation of protein into particles at the expense of the soluble protein; the first, immediately after pupation, may store protein (0.5mg./insect) for use in adult development; the second, ... | 1967 | 4291561 |
| prasinons a and b: potent insecticides from streptomyces prasinus. | two metabolites which have high activity against sheep blowfly larvae (lucilia sericata and l. cuprina) were found to be produced by streptomyces prasinus ncib 10719. these substances were isolated from culture filtrate by solvent extraction and chromatography and named prasinons a and b. fermentation factors affecting the formation of these substances are described together with their physical, chemical, and biological properties. | 1973 | 4762390 |
| distribution of long-chain fatty acids among the lipid classes of lucilia sericata (meigen) and galleria mellonella (linnaeus). | | 1970 | 5475086 |
| studies on glycosphingolipids of larvae of the green-bottle fly, lucilia caesar. ii. isolation and structural studies of three glycosphingolipids with novel sugar sequences. | three novel glycosphingolipids containing five to seven sugars in their saccharide chains have been isolated from larvae of the green-bottle fly, lucilia caesar. the structures of these glycolipids were identified by sequential enzymatic degradation with exoglycosidases, methylation analysis, and partial acid hydrolysis to be: gal-nac alpha (1-4)galnac beta (1-4)glcnac beta (1-3)man beta (1-4)glc-cer, gal alpha (1-4)galnac alpha (1-4)galnac beta (1-4)glcnac beta (1-3)man beta (1-4)glc-cer, and g ... | 1982 | 7142125 |
| a resistance mechanism in organophosphorus-resistant strains of sheep blowfly (lucilia cuprina). | | 1968 | 5643263 |
| preliminary evaluation of 1,1-bis (4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-nitropropane as an oviposition deterrent for the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina, and development of methods for evaluating oviposition deterrents against sheep blowfly. | 1,1-bis(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-nitropropane (gh74) was evaluated as an oviposition deterrent for the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina. in several test situations, flies laid only very few egg masses on fleece to which 0.5% gh74 had been applied, and which had been exposed in the field for up to 6 months. however, a significant number of egg masses were laid on the breech of severely scouring sheep when tested several weeks after application of gh74 at the same concentration. procedures for evaluating ov ... | 1982 | 7168716 |
| cga-72662--a new sheep blowfly insecticide. | the efficiency of 2-cyclopropylamino-4, 6-diamino-s-triazine cga-72662 (proposed common name: cyromazine) for the control of blowfly strike was tested in fly cage and field trials on sheep. the safety to sheep and physico-chemical properties of the compound as they relate to blowfly control were also assessed. when the sheep were thoroughly jetted with a solution of cga-72662 containing 1g of active ingredient per litre, the mean incidence of fly strike in 7 field trials was reduced from 16.5% t ... | 1982 | 7181777 |
| antibody degradation in wound exudates from blowfly infections on sheep. | sheep were immunised with ovalbumin and then infected with the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina in order to study immunoglobulin and specific antibody degradation at the wound site. serum and wound exudates were collected over the infection period and the dry weight and protein content of the exudates were determined. exudates were analysed by sds-page and immunoblotting for igg degradation. levels of igg and specific anti-ovalbumin antibodies in the exudates were measured by elisa. the total weig ... | 1995 | 7635640 |
| the metabolism of 3,5-di-tert.-butylphenyl n-methylcarbamate in insects and by mouse liver enzymes. | the oxidation of 3,5-di-tert.-butylphenyl n-methylcarbamate (butacarb) has been studied in the flies musca domestica and lucilia sericata, grass grubs costelytra zealandica and the mouse. in all species eleven oxidation products, which were formed by hydroxylation of the tert.-butyl groups and the n-methyl group, were detected. | 1971 | 5144737 |
| cuticular lipids of adults and puparia of the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina (wied.). | the presence of a strong contact component in the sex and ovipositing behavior of the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina wied. prompted an investigation into the chemical composition of the cuticular wax of the adult male and female flies as well as that of the blowfly puparia. thin-layer chromatography indicated that the lipids in all the waxes examined comprise hydrocarbons, nonglyceryl esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and hydroxy compounds, probably diglycerides and monoglycerides. phospho ... | 1970 | 5411981 |
| isolation of sphingoethanolamine from pupae of the green-bottle fly, lucilia caesar. | | 1968 | 5707810 |
| susceptibility of mulesing wounds to oviposition and strike development by the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina. | the age and/or physical condition of mulesing wounds had a significant effect on both the oviposition response of l. cuprina and the ability of the wound to support a strike. up to 48 h after mulesing, untreated wounds elicited a strong oviposition response in contrast with chemically treated wounds, although subsequent larval development was negligible. seven to 9-day-old wounds, however, regardless of the wound treatment, were highly attractive oviposition sites, which subsequently developed i ... | 1990 | 2288537 |
| [human myiasis caused by phaenicia sericata]. | | 1967 | 5598428 |
| lucilia sericata (diptera: calliphoridae) causing hospital-acquired myiasis of a traumatic wound. | a case of traumatic nosocomial myiasis caused by the green bottle fly lucilia sericata (meigen, 1826) occurred in a patient hospitalized following a serious road traffic accident. the patient had suffered extensive polytrauma particularly in the facial area of the skull. a total of 50 larvae was discovered in the oral cavity, nose, paranasal sinuses and enucleated eye-socket. projected timing indicated that the eggs were laid while the patient was hospitalized. the development of myiasis was fac ... | 1994 | 7844348 |
| cochliomyia hominivorax (coquerel, 1858) and phaenicia sericata (meigen, 1826) parasiting domestic animals in buenos aires and vicinities (diptera, calliphoridae). | | 1994 | 7885240 |
| [human myiasis caused by phaenicia sericata (meigen, 1826) in chile (diptera, calliphoridae)]. | | 1967 | 5603109 |
| the immune response of the sheep popliteal lymph node to a purified phenoloxidase from larval cuticle of the sheep ectoparasite, lucilia cuprina. | the popliteal lymph node of the sheep can mount a strong immune response to a phenoloxidase, enzyme a, purified from larval cuticle of a major sheep ectoparasite, the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. continuous sampling from a cannulated efferent lymphatic allowed monitoring of changes in both cellular output (total cells and large blast cells) and specific antibody production (by elisa) following primary and secondary challenge with antigen. anti-enzyme a antibodies in lymph selectively precipit ... | 1989 | 2493091 |
| effects of temperature on oxygen consumption and fuel utilization by the sheep blowfly. | | 1966 | 6004784 |
| residues of butacarb in sheep muscle, fat, liver and kidney following dipping for the control of sheep blowfly (lucilia spp.). | | 1967 | 6074465 |
| survival after submergence in the pupae of five species of blow flies (diptera: calliphoridae). | survival of pupae of known ages after 1 to 5 d of submersion under water was assessed by determining the emergence of protophormia terraenovae (robineau-desvoidy), calliphora vicina (robineau-desvoidy), cochliomyia macellaria (f.), phormia regina (meigen), and phaenicia sericata (meigen). survival after 1 d of submergence was < 14% in the white puparial stage, 0-100% in pharate adults nearing eclosion, and approximately 100% in pupae between these two stages. this pattern inversely tracks o2 con ... | 1994 | 7966181 |
| insecticide resistance status of lucilia cuprina in new zealand using biochemical and toxicological techniques. | the resistance status to diazinon based organophosphorus insecticides has been examined in the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, a recent arrival to new zealand. samples, representative of the distribution of l. cuprina in new zealand, were scored for the presence or absence of a microsomal esterase (e3) associated with resistance. iso-female lines were generated from four sites to examine variation in resistance levels using toxicological data. results from both techniques show resistance at a hi ... | 1994 | 7975126 |
| an estimate of the number of serine protease genes expressed in sheep blowfly larvae (lucilia cuprina). | a large and diverse family of serine protease genes was identified in first-instar larval cdna of the sheep blowfly (lucilia cuprina). this complex repertoire of genes was identified via a pcr approach using highly degenerate primers based on structurally conserved regions which surround the active site his and ser residues found in all serine proteases. pcr products from entire first-instar larval cdna, or from third-instar larval salivary glands or cardia, generated using a microscale rt-pcr m ... | 1994 | 7987520 |
| the search for a veterinary insecticide. ii. carbamates active against sheep blowfly. | | 1967 | 6074889 |
| specific resistance to malathion in laboratory and field populations of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina (diptera: calliphoridae). | | 1984 | 6520294 |
| ultrastructure of pigment granules in the eyes of adults of the ommochrome-deficient mutant yellow of the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina. | compound eyes from adult flies of the ommochrome deficient mutant yellow of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, are processed for transmission electron microscopy using conventional methods. the ultrastructure of the pigment granules in the primary and secondary pigment cells is compared with that in corresponding cells of the wild-type strain and of yellow adults raised from larvae fed a diet supplemented with 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-hk). the pigment granules in both cell types of yel ... | 1980 | 7358058 |
| dieldrin and diazinon resistance in populations of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, from sheep-grazing areas and rubbish tips. | populations of l. cuprina collected from adjacent sheep-grazing areas and rubbish tips in victoria (mansfield and warrnambool) and new south wales (lismore) were tested for resistance to the insecticides diazinon and dieldrin. populations from sheep-grazing areas had a significantly higher diazinon rop-1 allele frequency than those from adjacent tips with the victorian populations being more resistant than those from lismore. victorian sheep and tip populations had similar gene frequencies at th ... | 1984 | 6536262 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of a glutathione s-transferase from the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | crystals of a glutathione s-transferase from the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina have been grown from ammonium sulphate by the hanging drop vapour diffusion method. successful crystallization required the presence of the inhibitor s-hexylglutathione. the crystals belong to the tetragonal space group p4(1)22 (or p4(3)22) with cell dimensions of a = b = 88.1 a and c = 66.9 a. they contain one monomer in the asymmetric unit and diffract beyond 2.8 a resolution. | 1994 | 8126729 |
| a sticky-trap for studying the spatial distribution of the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina. | | 1984 | 6743160 |
| selection for insecticide resistance in the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | egg implant studies on sheep demonstrate that the relative fitness of resistance genotypes of the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, changes over time for the 2 insecticides dieldrin and diazinon. the results suggest that selection may occur following exposure of larvae to sub-lethal concentrations and help to explain the relative rates of the development of resistance to dieldrin and diazinon by l.cuprina. | 1982 | 7056365 |
| characterization of a juvenile hormone binding lipophorin from the blowfly lucilia cuprina. | the larval haemolymph of the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina (weidemann) contains a juvenile hormone binding protein with a kd for racemic jh iii of 33 +/- 6 nm. the density of the binding sites is 212 +/- 33 pmol/mg haemolymph protein. the binding protein is equally specific for jh iii and methyl farnesoate. some natural juvenoids were ranked for their ability to displace [3h]jh iii with jh iii > jh ii > jh i > jh iii acid > jh iii diol > jhb3 = no detectable displacement. these data, together wi ... | 1994 | 7553348 |
| genotype, environment and the asymmetry phenotype. dieldrin-resistance in lucilia cuprina (the australian sheep blowfly). | dieldrin-resistant (rdl/rdl and rdl/+) and susceptible (+/+) phenotypes of lucilia cuprina were scored for departures from bilateral symmetry for bristle characters after development at different temperatures, larval densities or concentrations of dieldrin. the asymmetry phenotype of resistant flies was dominant and independent of developmental temperature and larval density. the asymmetry of susceptibles increased for temperatures and larval densities above and below standard rearing conditions ... | 1995 | 7558887 |
| evidence for an essential serine residue in the active site of the theta class glutathione transferases. | a consistent feature of the alpha-, mu- and pi-class glutathione transferases (gsts) is the presence near the n-terminus of a tyrosine residue that contributes to the activation of glutathione. while this residue appears to be conserved in many theta-class gsts, its absence in some suggested that the theta-class gsts may have a significantly different structure or catalytic mechanism. the elucidation of the crystal structure of the theta-class gst from the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cupri ... | 1995 | 7575461 |
| [nosocomial myiasis in central europe]. | the authors describe a case of nosocomial myiasis of cavities caused by larvae of the fly lucilia sericata (meigen 1926), in a patient hospitalized at the resuscitation unit after a motor car accident where he suffered fractures of the skull and other injuries. on the fourth day in hospital in the nasal and oral cavity of the patient larvae of the 1st and 2nd instar of the mentioned species were detected. the ova were laid in hospital. l. sericata is the most frequent causal agent of tissue, cav ... | 1995 | 7670806 |
| genetic maps of the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina: linkage-group correlations with other dipteran genera. | linkage data and revised genetic maps for 72 autosomal loci in lucilia cuprina are presented. comparison of the linkage relationships of biochemically and morphologically similar mutations in ceratitis capitata, drosophila melanogaster, and musca domestica supports the hypothesis that the major linkage elements have survived relatively intact during evolution of the higher diptera. the relationship of the linkage groups of the mosquito aedes aegypti to these species is less clear. | 1993 | 8349126 |
| genetic basis of resistance to diazinon in victorian populations of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | populations of l. cuprina from the bairnsdale, glenrowan, hamilton and torrita areas of victoria were found to have similar high diazinon resistance status, following near fixation of a single allele at the r1 locus. pure-breeding resistant strains were derived from each area and used as base populations for a selection program on adults. an approximate doubling of the level of resistance to diazinon was achieved in each strain after eight generations of selection. relaxation of selection over s ... | 1980 | 7396809 |
| the ovipositional response of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, to fleece-rot odours. | the ovipositional response of lucilia cuprina flies to odours emanating from fleece-rot lesions of greasy wool in which pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria proliferated, was studied. fractionation of the fleece-rot odours was carried out by bubbling the volatile components through hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions to remove basic odours and acidic odours respectively. it was found that the acidic/neutral odours of fleece-rot wool, when perfused into wet, greasy wool stimulated l. cupr ... | 1981 | 7337595 |
| uptake and fate of specific antibody in feeding larvae of the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | the quantity of specific antibody ingested by larvae of lucilia cuprina and its fate after ingestion were studied in larvae grown on sheep and on an artificial diet. larvae grown to late first or early second instar on sheep vaccinated with horse myoglobin contained 66% less specific antibody detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay than larvae grown to a similar stage on an artificial diet containing 75% serum from the same sheep. a similar result was obtained when larvae were grown to mid ... | 1993 | 8481535 |
| the ultrastructure of the prothoracic gland/corpus allatum/corpus cardiacum ring complex of the australian sheep blowfly larva lucilia cuprina (wied.) (insecta: diptera). | the ultrastructure of the constituent endocrine glands within the ring complex of lucilia cuprina larvae has not been previously described. this study investigated the ring complex of mid-third instar larvae. three distinct endocrine cell types were identified: (1) prothoracic gland (ptg) cells which constituted the major cell type; (2) corpus allatum (ca) cells, localized in the anterior central region, and (3) corpus cardiacum (cc) cells, located posteriorly, ventral to the aorta. ptg cells we ... | 1993 | 8485517 |
| larvicidal activity of inhibitors of dopa decarboxylase on the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | inhibitors of dopa decarboxylase, the key enzyme in the formation of the sclerotizing agent (n-acetyl dopamine) of the blowfly cuticle, have been tested for larvicidal activity against l. cuprina. a significant level of dopa decarboxylase activity has been shown to be present throughout larval life in this species. four potent in vitro inhibitors of l. cuprina larval dopa decarboxylase (carbidopa, benserazide, methyl tyrosine and methyl dopa) have been shown to be effective larvicides when fed t ... | 1980 | 7436865 |
| the seasonal pattern of sheep blowfly strike in england and wales. | information on 4049 cases of sheep blowfly strike on 495 farms in england and wales was gathered in a longitudinal survey conducted in 1991. the breech was the most commonly infested area, accounting for 70.9% of all strikes recorded. body strikes accounted for 19.7% and foot strikes 11.4% of all strikes. early in the season the incidences of both breech and body strikes were higher in ewes than in lambs, but from june to october lamb strikes predominated. the incidence of foot strike was greate ... | 1995 | 7696683 |
| orientation of agents of wound myiasis to hosts and artificial stimuli in hungary. | the orientation of adults of the myiasis species wohlfahrtia magnifica and lucilia sericata to artificial visual stimuli (cloth targets) and olfactory stimuli ('swormlure-4', a potent screwworm attractant), was studied in sheep pastures near to sárbogard in hungary. experiments with odour-baited cloth targets, enclosed in electrocuting grids, demonstrated that colour was an important factor influencing catches on targets: a black target caught most flies of both species, with other colours in th ... | 1995 | 7696692 |
| digestion of ovine immunoglobulin g in larvae of the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina. | | 1995 | 8541603 |
| cytokine mrna expression in skin in response to ectoparasite infection. | cellular infiltration and local cytokine mrna levels were examined during the first 48 h of infection of skin by larvae of the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina. at the cellular level the response involved a dramatic influx of leucocytes (cd45+ cells). among these infiltrating cells were large numbers of granulocytes, including neutrophils and eosinophils, as well as macrophage-like cells and lymphocytes. many of the lymphocytes expressed cell surface markers characteristic of t cells including cd4, ... | 1994 | 7838594 |
| effects of seven antibiotics on the growth and development of phaenicia sericata (diptera: calliphoridae) larvae. | maggot therapy is used for patients with severe tissue destruction, who often receive antibiotics concurrently. therefore, we studied the effects on maggots of ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftizoxime, clindamycin, gentamicin, mezlocillin, and vancomycin in concentrations of 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 times the average minimum bactericidal or bacteriostatic concentration against highly susceptible organisms. there was a reduction in larval survival in media with gentamicin at concentrations of 1,000 times ... | 1995 | 7473619 |
| dispersal and distribution of calliphoridae (diptera) immatures from animal carcasses in southern louisiana. | spatial distributions of calliphorid pupae (based on adult emergence) from swine carcasses located in woods and pasture were determined during 4 seasons in southern louisiana. adult emergence was substantially greater in pastures than woods for all seasons except winter. secondary screwworm, cochliomyia macellaria (f.), was the predominant calliphorid species collected ( > 95%) during summer and fall; whereas, black blow fly, phormia regina (meigen), was the primary species (86%) during spring. ... | 1996 | 8699464 |
| responses of the sheep blowflies lucilia sericata and l. cuprina to odour and the development of semiochemical baits. | the literature relating to the attraction of the sheep blowflies lucilia sericata and lucilia cuprina to their ovine hosts is reviewed. the responses of the two species are similar and different components of the behaviour leading to host location and oviposition appear to involve at least two distinct sets of semiochemical cues. activation, upwind orientation and landing appear to occur in response to putrefactive sulphur-rich volatiles, originating from bacterial decomposition products. ovipos ... | 1994 | 7841484 |
| isolation of a trypsin-like serine protease gene family from the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina. | various protease inhibitors active against both trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like serine proteases were used to characterize gut proteases from lucilia cuprina by in vitro feeding assays. significant larval growth retardation was observed on feeding first-instar larvae with trypsin inhibitors, particularly soybean trypsin inhibitor. feeding of chymostatin, a specific chymotrypsin inhibitor, resulted in no significant growth retardation. this information suggests that trypsin-like serine proteases a ... | 1994 | 7894748 |
| the immune response of sheep infected with larvae of the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina monitored via efferent lymph. | changes in lymphocyte traffic in efferent lymph from the prescapular lymph node of sheep were monitored during local primary and secondary infection with blowfly, lucilia cuprina. during primary infections the response was characterised by an increase in the output of cd4+ t cells over cd8+ t cells for the first 48 h after wound initiation. by 72 h the output of cd8+ t cells exceeded that of cd4+ t cells. during secondary infections the increased output of cd8+ t cells was more pronounced and oc ... | 1994 | 7913782 |
| resistance to two organophosphorus insecticides in new zealand populations of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | a treated-surface test was used in a bioassay to detect insecticide resistance to the organophosphorus compounds diazinon and propetamphos, in larvae of field strains of lucilia cuprina in new zealand during 1990/91 and 1991/92 (december-april). mean lc50s for both diazinon and propetamphos showed a significant increase between seasons although this is not necessarily indicative of a trend. mean lc50s for diazinon increased from 1.16 to 1.60 mg/l (p < 0.001) and for propetamphos from 0.49 to 0.5 ... | 1994 | 7949314 |
| polytene chromosomes and linkage group-chromosome correlations in the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina (diptera: calliphoridae). | | 1969 | 5800665 |
| development rates of some pre-adult stages in blowflies with reference to low temperatures. | duration of some pre-adult stages of calliphora vicina robineau-desvoidy, c.alpina zett., c. vomitoria linn., phormia terraenovae r.-d. and lucilia sericata meig. were determined at 3.5-26 degrees c, in the context of use of these insects in forensic estimates of post-mortem intervals. egg development in c. vicina occurs down to at least 3.5 degrees c, larval growth to 4 degrees c and puparial formation, development and perfect adult emergence to 5 degrees c. growth curves by successive weighing ... | 1994 | 7949316 |
| colour discrimination by the sheep blowfly lucilia sericata. | in laboratory trials designed to examine the alighting response of the blowfly lucilia sericata meigen to colour, yellow sticky cloth targets caught the largest number of both males and females, followed by pale blue, black, green, dark blue and red. the number caught by any colour showed a strong positive relationship with the percentage of its spectral reflectivity in the 450-580 nm wavelength band. in field trials, targets baited with the synthetic attractant "swormlure' caught significantly ... | 1996 | 8887333 |
| the peritrophic membrane: its formation, structure, chemical composition and permeability in relation to vaccination against ectoparasitic arthropods. | peritrophic membrane (pm) lines the gut of many arthropods and other animals, and thus separates ingested food from the gut epithelium. its main functions are connected with its partitioning of the gut lumen into regions between which the transfer of large macromolecules and other particles is limited by its permeability properties. in the context of vaccinating mammalian hosts against parasitic arthropods. pm may either restrict penetration of ingested immune effector components within the para ... | 1994 | 8021105 |
| controlled release insecticide devices for protection of sheep against head strike caused by lucilia cuprina. | the effectiveness of polymer matrix tags containing (w/w) 8.5% cypermethrin, 7.5% flucythrinate, 13.7% tetrachlorvinphos or 20.0% diazinon in protecting sheep against head strike by the sheep blowfly (lucilia cuprina wiedemann) was investigated in larval implant, fly cage and field studies. tags impregnated with cypermethrin reduced the total number of egg masses deposited on the heads of sheep in fly cage studies over a 6 week period by 73.3% compared with no treatment. tags impregnated with fl ... | 1994 | 8030177 |
| insecticide resistance and malathion carboxylesterase in the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | resistance to the organophosphorus insecticide malathion in genetically related strains of the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina was examined. separate lines of blowflies were established by homozygosis of the fourth chromosome of the parental rm strain. both the rm and the derived resistant (der-r) strains are approximately 100 times more resistant to malathion than the related susceptible der-s strain, resistance being correlated with a 45- to 50-fold increase in a malathion carboxylest ... | 1994 | 8031296 |
| the structure, sequence and developmental pattern of expression of the white gene in the blowfly lucilia cuprina. | we have sequenced the complete coding region of the white gene of lucilia cuprina. strong sequence identity exists between this gene and its homologue from drosophila melanogaster at both nucleotide and derived amino acid levels (68% and 78% respectively). the exon/intron structure of the two genes is also largely conserved, although the lucilia gene contains one extra intron. expression of the gene peaks during mid-pupal stage, with secondary peaks in late larval and early adult stages. compari ... | 1996 | 8933176 |
| selection at the diazinon resistance locus in overwintering populations of lucilia cuprina (the australian sheep blowfly). | in excess of 70 per cent mortality is observed during the overwintering stage of the life cycle of l. cuprina. the mortality is selective in the absence of a fitness modifier; phenotypes resistant to diazinon overwinter less successfully than susceptibles. in the presence of the modifier the overwintering success of all genotypes is similar. the effect is dominant. laboratory and field experiments show that selection against resistant individuals increases with time in arrested development. the ... | 1994 | 8077112 |
| purification, molecular cloning and heterologous expression of a glutathione s-transferase from the australian sheep blowfly (lucilia cuprina). | three glutathione s-transferases from lucilia cuprina (australian sheep blowfly) pupae were purified by affinity chromatography and anion-exchange chromatography. one isoenzyme was composed of m(r)-24,800 subunits, and two isoenzymes had subunits of m(r) 23,900. the m(r)-23,900 subunits showed immunological identity and were immunologically distinct from the m(r)-24,800 subunits. all three enzymes were active with the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and had low activity with 1,2-dichloro-4 ... | 1994 | 8172603 |
| a dna-based approach to the identification of insect species used for postmortem interval estimation. | insect larvae found on a corpse can be used for estimating postmortem intervals. here, we describe a molecular method for rapid identification of these insects. specific insect dna fragments were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), followed by direct dna sequencing of the amplification products. we sequenced 2300 base pairs of mitochondrial dna from each of three blowfly species: phormia regina, phaenicia sericata and lucilia illustris. all three species are important in forensi ... | 1994 | 8195754 |
| immunoglobulin g antibodies to the antigens of lucilia cuprina in the sera of fly-struck sheep. | a solid-phase radioimmunoassay was used to demonstrate that sheep with myiasis caused by the larvae of the australian sheep blowfly, l. cuprina, had serum igg antibodies to antigens present in an extract of the ground-up larvae. previously struck animals demonstrated a more severe myiasis than their unstruck counterparts when both groups were subjected to a standard larval challenge. the effects of immunosuppressive therapy were expressed in terms of a decrease in the total number of larvae grow ... | 1980 | 7396805 |
| cdna cloning, baculovirus-expression and kinetic properties of the esterase, e3, involved in organophosphorus resistance in lucilia cuprina. | resistance to organophosphorus insecticides (ops) in the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, is associated with a non-staining phenotype of the carboxylesterase isozyme, e3 (e.c. 3.1.1.1). here, we show that a member of alpha-esterase multigene family, lc alpha e7, encodes e3. an lc alpha e7 cdna has been isolated from an op-susceptible strain and expressed in a baculovirus. the expressed product is the same as e3 in its electrophoretic mobility and preference for alpha-over beta-naphthyl acetate as ... | 1997 | 9061925 |
| toxicity of the venom from nasonia vitripennis (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) toward fly hosts, nontarget insects, different developmental stages, and cultured insect cells. | a venom preparation from nasonia vitripennis, a wasp ectoparasitoid of fly pupae, was assayed for lethality in different stages of insects representing ten different orders and in cultured insect cells. in most cases, the motor activity of the injected insects remained completely normal for 1-2 days after the injection and displayed none of the symptoms of paralysis commonly reported for venoms of the hymenoptera. a natural host, the flesh fly sarcophaga bullata, was highly sensitive in the pupa ... | 1993 | 8342173 |
| efficacy of ivermectin jetting fluid against strike by some primary and secondary blowflies of sheep. | merino sheep, which were hand jetted with ivermectin jetting fluid, and untreated sheep were challenged with larval implants of lucilia cuprina, lucilia sericata, calliphora nociva and chrysomya rufifacies at intervals of about 2 weeks from 6 to 16 weeks after treatment. both lucilia species produced strike rates of about 90% in untreated sheep; the respective rates were lower for chr rufifacies (55%) and c nociva (60%). strike rates for the treated group were about 17, 11, and 9% for l cuprina, ... | 1993 | 8343088 |
| effect of avermectin residues in sheep dung on mating of the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina. | male and female lucilia cuprina adults were separated after emergence and then fed either dung excreted from sheep after an oral treatment with ivermectin (ivomec) or non-treated sheep dung. fresh dung (non-treated or ivermectin-treated) was collected daily and fed to adults for 6 days after drenching. after this feeding period, males and females from each feeding treatment were paired and all aspects of mating behaviour recorded. feeding on avermectin residues by adults had a significant effect ... | 1993 | 8346634 |
| identification and quantification of juvenile hormone biosynthesized by larval and adult australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina (diptera: calliphoridae). | recent evidence indicates that higher dipterans biosynthesize predominantly the novel juvenile hormone (jh) bisepoxide, methyl (2e,6trans)-6,7,10,11-bisepoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2-dodecen oate (jhb3), together with a small proportion of methyl (2e,6e)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6-dodecadienoate (jhiii) and possibly its 6,7-epoxy isomer. a strategy of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) involving cool on-column gc and negative-ion chemical ionization ms has enabled the selective analysi ... | 1993 | 8353527 |
| habitat preferences and carcase colonization by sheep blowflies in the northern north island of new zealand. | in urban auckland, from september 1991 to may 1992, only six specimens of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, were collected in farmed parkland and in garden habitats. the common green blowfly, lucilia sericata, was the most common calliphorid trapped in these habitats. neither of the two lucilia species were found in native bush remnants in urban or rural areas where calliphora hilli was dominant. similarly very few l.cuprina (0.3% of the total) were trapped in rural rubbish tips in ... | 1993 | 8481532 |
| [maggot therapy for gangrene and osteomyelitis]. | 5 patients with diabetic-foot were treated by maggot therapy. the most serious case was in a 75-year-old man who had gangrene and osteomyelitis of the right foot. proteus mirabilis, enterococcus sp., providencia stuartii and staphylococcus spec. (coagulase positive) were isolated from lesions which did not respond to antibiotic therapy. the patient had twice refused amputation but agreed to maggot therapy. larvae of the sheep blowfly phoenicia (lucilia) sericata were used for twice-weekly treatm ... | 1997 | 9153871 |
| description of the photoperiodic control of larval burrowing in the blowfly lucilia cuprina: a novel index for photoperiodic research. | the photoperiodic control of larval burrowing depth in the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina (wiedemann) (diptera: calliphoridae) was investigated by measuring burrowing depth under controlled laboratory photoperiods. the results demonstrated that larvae exposed to long photoperiods (ld 18 : 6) burrowed to deeper depths than those in shorter photoperiods (ld 12 : 12), and that this behavior was induced during the third instar stage. the ecological significance of this behavior is discusse ... | 1997 | 9167885 |
| lucilia cuprina: inhibition of larval growth induced by immunization of host sheep with extracts of larval peritrophic membrane. | a culture system has been established to produce gram amounts of peritrophic membrane from larvae of the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. peritrophic membrane obtained from this culture has been used to immunize sheep. the immunization produced an immune response which resulted in the average weight of larvae on immunized sheep being only 50% of that of larvae grown on control sheep (p < 0.05). fractionation of the components of the peritrophic membrane followed by immunization trials showed that ... | 1993 | 8496004 |
| efficacy of dressings for killing larvae of the sheep blowfly. | resistance to organophosphorus (op) insecticides in the australian sheep blowfly has decreased the larvicidal effectiveness of several popular products used as dressings for flystrike. laboratory bioassays in which near full-size australian sheep blowfly larvae were immersed in flystrike dressings at registered concentrations for times ranging from 5 to 180 s indicated that none of the products was completely effective in killing highly op-resistant larvae. several products performed poorly, eve ... | 1995 | 8534226 |
| a simple, sterile food source for rearing the larvae of lucilia sericata (diptera: calliphoridae). | larvae of the sheep blowfly lucilia sericata (meigen) were reared on various mixtures of puréed liver, agar, brewer's yeast and trypsin, in order to develop a simple, sterile, tissue-based diet. growth and survival rates of larvae reared on a sterile 1:1 mixture of puréed liver with 3% bacto agar equalled or exceeded those of larvae reared on raw liver. the addition of yeast and/or trypsin to the medium was of no additional benefit. this sterile, homogenous, tissue-based substrate offers a simpl ... | 1995 | 8541590 |
| a single amino acid substitution converts a carboxylesterase to an organophosphorus hydrolase and confers insecticide resistance on a blowfly. | resistance to organophosphorus (op) insecticides is associated with decreased carboxylesterase activity in several insect species. it has been proposed that the resistance may be the result of a mutation in a carboxylesterase that simultaneously reduces its carboxylesterase activity and confers an op hydrolase activity (the "mutant ali-esterase hypothesis"). in the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, the association is due to a change in a specific esterase isozyme, e3, which, in resistant flies, ha ... | 1997 | 9207114 |
| expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxydipeptidases in the larvae of four species of fly. | hieace, a soluble 70 kda protein related to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) has recently been identified, characterized and cloned from the adult buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua). hieace is enzymatically similar to the mammalian aces and its predicted amino acid sequence has 42% identity with the mammalian testicular aces. in adult h.i. exigua, hieace expression is restricted to the compound ganglion and posterior midgut, and the maturing male reproductive system. western blot an ... | 1997 | 9219369 |
| resistance and the control of sheep ectoparasites. | for about 100 years australian woolgrowers have used a variety of chemicals to control blowflies, lice and other ectoparasites of sheep. while the chemicals have changed considerably the application technology has not changed very much at all. chemicals registered for use on sheep have paralleled the evolution of synthetic insecticides with the unfortunate consequence of the development of resistance in the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, following closely behind. organochlorine (diel ... | 1995 | 8635885 |
| arthropod succession on exposed rabbit carrion in alexandria, egypt. | in 1988 and 1989, seasonal field studies on exposed rabbit carcasses were conducted in alexandria, egypt, to describe the decomposition process and arthropod succession patterns. four decomposition stages were recognized: fresh, bloated, decay, and dry. carcasses in summer and spring decayed at a much faster rate than those in fall and winter. the bloated stage in summer lasted longer than in spring because of the difference in breeding biology of the primary flies infesting carcasses in these s ... | 1996 | 8699450 |
| isolation of alpha cluster esterase genes associated with organophosphate resistance in lucilia cuprina. | pcr primers designed from the alpha-esterase gene cluster of drosophila melanogaster have been used to isolate fragments from eight esterase genes in the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. phylogenetic analysis suggests that three are homologues of the alpha e7, alpha e8 and alpha e9 genes of the alpha-esterase cluster of d. melanogaster. a further three are also probably alpha-esterases, whereas the remaining two more closely resemble beta-esterases. transcripts for five of the alpha-es ... | 1996 | 8799740 |
| scalloped wings is the lucilia cuprina notch homologue and a candidate for the modifier of fitness and asymmetry of diazinon resistance. | the scalloped wings (scl) gene of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, is shown to be the homologue of the drosophila melanogaster notch gene by comparison at the dna sequence and genetic levels. a l. cuprina genomic fragment, which shows strong identity with the notch (n) gene at the molecular level, hybridizes to the location of the scl gene on polytene chromosomes. the two genes are functionally homologous; the dominant and recessive notch-like phenotypes produced by mutations in th ... | 1996 | 8807304 |
| the pathogenicity of serratia strains to lucilia sericata (diptera: calliphoridae) | adult blowflies, lucilia sericata, were tested for susceptibility to 11 strains of serratia marcescens, 2 strains of serratia liquefaciens, and 1 strain of serratia entomophila in a series of 14 laboratory bioassays. most bacterial strains were initially isolated from insects. s. marcescens strains were characterized to biotype level. most strains conformed to biotype a2a, the group most commonly associated with insects. flies were held individually in small tubes and fed bacterial suspensions c ... | 1996 | 8812561 |
| studies of wound myiasis among sheep and goats in north sinai governorate, egypt. | myiasis of man and animals is a real welfare problem of world wide distribution particularly in animal raising countries. studies of myiasis of sheep and goats in north sinai resulted in the identification of 21 species of myiasis producing flies. the predominant species was musca domestica followed by lucilia sericata and the least abundant was m. albina. in general, sheep were more infested with wound myiasis than goats. the overall infestation rate was high in summer, followed by spring then ... | 1997 | 9425818 |
| the hermit transposable element of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, belongs to the hat family of transposable elements. | we report the cloning of hermit, a member of the hat family of transposable elements from the genome of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. hermit is 2716 bp long and is 49% homologous to the autonomous hobo element, hfl1, at the nucleic acid level. hermit has 15 bp terminal inverted repeats that share 10 bp with the terminal inverted repeats of hfl1. conceptual translation reveals a 583 residue open reading frame (orf) that is 64% similar and 42% identical to the hfl1 orf. however, t ... | 1996 | 8851880 |
| environmental and genetic effects on the asymmetry phenotype: diazinon resistance in the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | the asymmetry phenotype of diazinon-resistant flies lacking a fitness/asymmetry modifier (+/+; r/-) was dominant and independent of developmental temperature, larval density and diazinon concentration. asymmetry score, pooled over three bristle characters, was approximately 50% greater for these phenotypes than for those of modified genotypes (m/+; +/+) and unmodified susceptibles (+/+; s/s) reared under standard laboratory conditions. modified and susceptible phenotypes showed increased asymmet ... | 1996 | 8878688 |
| stress and asymmetry during arrested development of the australian sheep blowfly. | the dieldrin and diazinon resistance systems of the australian sheep blowfly (lucilia cuprina) have been used previously to relate stress, departures from bilateral symmetry, developmental stability and relative fitness. these systems are now used to consider stress and asymmetry in a developmental context. larval to adult development is shown to be significantly impaired after arrested development at 8 degrees c, however the asymmetry score of adults of a given genotype is similar after arreste ... | 1997 | 9447731 |
| [myiasis in a skin tumor]. | a case of myiasis of a cutaneous tumour, a melanoblastoma in the right axilla of an 87-year old woman is described. after two years of illness in the last months of life an attack of the tumour by larvae of the fly lucilia sericata (meigen, 1826) was observed. this fly is the most frequent causal agent of tissue, cavity, ocular and urogenital human myiasis in central europe. usually, injured or seriously ill patients are attacked by the larvae in urban as well as rural conditions. this is the fi ... | 1998 | 9511285 |
| asymmetry--where evolutionary and developmental genetics meet. | the mechanisms responsible for the fine tuning of development, where the wildtype phenotype is reproduced with high fidelity, are not well understood. the difficulty in approaching this problem is the identification of mutant phenotypes indicative of a defect in these fine-tuning control mechanisms. evolutionary biologists have used asymmetry as a measure of developmental homeostasis. the rationale for this was that, since the same genome controls the development of the left and right sides of a ... | 1996 | 8885722 |
| molecular cloning of an alpha-esterase gene cluster on chromosome 3r of drosophila melanogaster. | all or part of the alpha-esterase gene cluster in drosophila melanogaster has been isolated by screening a yac clone that spans cytological region 84d3-10 with consensus carboxyl/cholinesterase oligonucleotides. the cluster encompasses 11 putative esterase genes within 65 kb of genomic dna and is one of the largest clusters of related protein-coding genes yet reported in drosophila. the cluster must include the gene encoding the major alpha-esterase isozyme, est9, which has previously been mappe ... | 1996 | 8900595 |
| species, sub-species and hybrid populations of the blowflies lucilia cuprina and lucilia sericata (diptera:calliphoridae). | the blowflies lucilia cuprina wiedmann and lucilia sericata meigen (diptera:calliphoridae) are facultative ectoparasites of warm blooded vertebrates, particularly domestic sheep. despite being similar in morphology and ecology, the two species and different populations of each species, are known to vary in their importance as pests in different regions of the world. to elucidate the genetic basis of these species and population level differences, flies were collected from sites in africa, europe ... | 1996 | 8914331 |
| the 5' regulatory region from the drosophila pseudoobscura hsp82 gene results in a high level of reporter gene expression in lucilia cuprina embryos. | we have previously examined the efficiency of two drosophila melanogaster promoters to enable reporter gene expression in embryos of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. both the hsp70 heat-shock promoter and the actin5c promoter resulted in low levels of expression of a reporter gene in these embryos. in this study, the d. pseudoobscura hsp82 promoter (phsp82) was tested for its ability to direct the expression of the escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase-encoding gene (c ... | 1996 | 8917099 |
| vaccination of sheep against larvae of the sheep blowfly (lucilia cuprina). | four first stage larval antigens from the sheep blowfly were identified using supernatants from cultures of antibody secreting cells. these partially purified larval antigens, when added to montanide isa-25 containing recombinant ovine il-1 beta (rovil-1 beta) were used to successfully vaccinate sheep against larvae of the sheep blowfly. significantly less strikes were recorded on vaccinated sheep compared to controls (p < 0.033) with surviving larvae from vaccinated sheep up to 85% smaller than ... | 1996 | 9004444 |
| a 16s rrna gene oligonucleotide probe for identification of bacillus thuringiensis isolates from sheep fleece. | larvae of the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina are susceptible to some strains of bacillus thuringiensis, including some isolates from sheep fleeces from south australia and western australia. larvicidal strains of b. thuringiensis include var. thuringiensis, tolworthi, darmstadiensis, morrisoni, and toumanoffi. as part of an ecological study, a large number of b. thuringiensis fleece isolates from untreated sheep and sheep previously treated with larvicidal b. thuringiensis were screene ... | 1997 | 9028924 |
| growth effects of phaenicia sericata larval extracts on fibroblasts: mechanism for wound healing by maggot therapy. | the potential growth stimulating effects of the blow fly, phaenicia sericata, on mammalian tissue were assessed by exposing human fibroblast tissue culture to maggot extracts. the growth effects of these extracts were compared to those of epidermal growth factor (egf), recombinant interleukin 6 (il6), and the insect hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ec). results of dose-response experiments revealed that egf had a maximum fibroblast stimulation at 66078 +/- 1979 counts per minute (cpm), with peak coun ... | 1997 | 9042384 |
| molecular characterization of the notch homologue from the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | the drosophila melanogaster notch gene product as a receptor of intercellular signals and is central to cell fate specification. the scalloped wings (scl) gene is the homologue of notch in the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. an allele of scl is thought to be involved in the modification of darwinian fitness and bristle asymmetry in flies resistant to organophosphorous chemicals (ops). as a first step towards the testing of this hypothesis we cloned and sequenced scl. a full-length cdn ... | 1998 | 9753770 |
| the use of carrion as breeding sites by the blowfly lucilia sericata and other calliphoridae. | to examine the species composition of flies breeding in carrion in the field, the carcasses of mice and quail were exposed on sheep farms in the south west of england. calliphora vicina was the dominant species of diptera; 19,294 individuals emerged from 175 of the 241 infested carcasses recovered. lucilia sericata emerged from only 39 of the infested carcasses, at a median of 10 adults per infested carcass. other species of lucilia present were l.ampullacea, l.caesar and l.illustris. the highes ... | 1997 | 9061675 |
| activities of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins cyt1aa and cyt2aa against three species of sheep blowfly. | the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis cyt1aa protein to sheep blowfly larvae depends on its solubilization and proteolytic activation. cyt1aa crystals were not toxic. full-length and trypsin-digested cyt1aa proteins were toxic to larvae of three species of sheep blowfly. neither full-length nor trypsin-digested cyt2a soluble crystal proteins were toxic. | 1998 | 9758842 |
| seasonal colonization and decomposition of rat carrion in water and on land in an open field in south carolina. | decomposition and insect colonization of rat, rattus rattus l., carrion on land and in water were compared during summer and winter in a plowed field in northwestern south carolina. during winter, carcasses on land reached the dried-remains stage of decomposition, whereas carcasses in water reached the early-floating stage. during summer, carcasses in both habitats entered the final-remains stage of decomposition in 1-2 wk. fewer than 30 species of carrion insects were recorded from the carcasse ... | 1998 | 9775597 |
| traumatic myiasis of sheep in europe: a review. | the two most important fly species causing traumatic cutaneous myiasis of sheep in europe are wohlfahrtia magnifica (diptera: sarcophagidae), which causes a form of myiasis known as wound myiasis, mainly in southern and eastern europe, and lucilia sericata (diptera: calliphoridae), which causes sheep strike, mainly in the middle latitudes of europe. other calliphorid blow-flies play a role mainly as secondary agents of myiasis, but in northern latitudes the l. caesar/illustris group are primary ... | 1997 | 9802103 |
| suppression of the blowfly lucilia sericata using odour-baited triflumuron-impregnated targets. | field trials were carried out in 1995 and 1996 on farms in the south-west of england to assess the extent to which odour-baited targets could be used to suppress populations of the ectoparasitic blowfly, lucilia sericata, in sheep pastures. targets were constructed from 41 x 41 cm squares of aluminium sheet, covered by white cloth which had been dipped in a mixture of sucrose solution (50% w/v) and the chitin synthesis inhibitor triflumuron (10% suspension concentrate). each target was baited wi ... | 1998 | 9824828 |
| the effect of farm management strategies on the incidence of sheep strike in britain: a simulation analysis. | a deterministic model is used to simulate the seasonal incidence of sheep myiasis (strike) on farms in britain and to explore the effects of different farm management strategies on strike incidence. the model is based on two sub-components: the seasonal pattern of abundance of the primary agent of sheep myiasis in northwest europe, the blowfly lucilia sericata and the range of factors known to influence ewe and lamb susceptibility to strike. the results of these simulations show that familiar fa ... | 1998 | 9831956 |
| nosocomial myiasis in an extremely premature infant caused by the sheep blowfly lucilia sericata. | | 1998 | 9849997 |
| predicting insecticide resistance: mutagenesis, selection and response. | strategies to manage resistance to a particular insecticide have usually been devised after resistance has evolved. if it were possible to predict likely resistance mechanisms to novel insecticides before they evolved in the field, it might be feasible to have programmes that manage susceptibility. with this approach in mind, single-gene variants of the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, resistant to dieldrin, diazinon and malathion, were selected in the laboratory after mutagenesis of s ... | 1998 | 10021773 |
| vaccination against lucilia cuprina: the causative agent of sheep blowfly strike. | the sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina, is responsible for over 80% of cases of blowfly strike in australia and the losses in production and sheep deaths due to flystrike exceed $200 million per annum. traditional methods of control are becoming less effective because of the blowfly's resistance to insecticides and thus other methods of control are necessary. in general, sheep develop very little immunity to flystrike even after repeated infestation, however vaccination against l. cuprina has shown ... | 1993 | 8270274 |