| influence of immunosuppressive treatment of borna disease in rabbits. | a total of 72 borna disease virus infected rabbits were treated with different concentrations of cyclophosphamide, glucocorticoids or both in combination. comparison with untreated, infected rabbits showed a drastic alteration in the clinical picture, a considerable prolongation of the survival time, and differences in weight and body temperature during the course of the disease. the immunosuppressed animals had no or low amounts of antibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid, but they harbo ... | 1981 | 7224860 |
| borna disease in rhesus monkeys as a models for uveo-cerebral symptoms. | borna disease, a naturally occurring encephalomyelitis of horses and sheep, was induced in rhesus monkeys after intracerebral infection with virus containing rabbit brain suspension. the animals developed neurological disorders followed by a severe encephalomyelitis which was accompanied by a retinopathy. in all the analyzed brain and retina tissue pieces, virus-specific antigen could be demonstrated by immunoelectrophoretic techniques. antibodies could be demonstrated by the intermediate gel te ... | 1981 | 7241097 |
| [the encephalitic reaction in borna disease virus infected rhesus monkeys]. | | 1981 | 7347457 |
| immunoreactivity of the central nervous system in cats with a borna disease-like meningoencephalomyelitis (staggering disease). | the inflammatory cell composition and the expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens in the central nervous system (cns) of 13 cats with a spontaneous, borna disease-like meningoencephalomyelitis (staggering disease) was investigated by immunohistochemistry with a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. t lymphocytes were the predominating inflammatory cells within the adventitial space. cd4+ t cells were more abundant than cd8+ t cells. scattered igg-, iga- and igm-con ... | 1995 | 7484095 |
| demonstration of borna disease virus rna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy horses in japan. | borna disease (bd) is a progressive poliomeningoencephalomyelitis which occurs naturally in horses and sheep. here, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) derived from 57 healthy horses in japan were examined by a nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to determine the prevalence of bd virus (bdv) infection. seventeen (29.8%) of the samples were positive by this examination and the specificity of the amplified product was confirmed by hybridization with authentic oligomer prob ... | 1995 | 7491814 |
| borna disease virus p24 and p38/40 synthesized in a baculovirus expression system: virus protein interactions in insect and mammalian cells. | to facilitate studies of the individual viral proteins, two borna disease virus proteins, p24 and p38/40, were synthesized in vitro by means of a baculovirus expression system and examined for antigenic identity to viral proteins from bdv-infected cells. recombinant proteins p24 and p38/40 were nearly identical in size to the viral proteins from bdv-infected cells. immunoblot and immunocytochemistry analysis of bdv proteins from infected tissue culture cells and rat brain showed binding of antis ... | 1994 | 7524242 |
| demonstration of human borna disease virus rna in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | bdv naturally infects horses and sheep, and causes sporadic neurological disease. serological evidence suggests an association of bdv, or a related virus, with specific psychiatric diseases in humans. here, by using a nested rt-pcr technique, we demonstrate that human bdv rna is present in the pbmc of psychiatric patients. in an examination of a total of 60 patients from 5 wards of a hospital in japan, the detection rate differed within each ward, ranging from 8% to > 50% (37% on the average). o ... | 1995 | 7538936 |
| local nitric oxide production in viral and autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system. | because of the short half-life of no, previous studies implicating no in central nervous system pathology during infection had to rely on the demonstration of elevated levels of no synthase mrna or enzyme expression or no metabolites such as nitrate and nitrite in the infected brain. to more definitively investigate the potential causative role of no in lesions of the central nervous system in animals infected with neurotropic viruses or suffering from experimental allergic encephalitis, we have ... | 1995 | 7539914 |
| expression of c1q, a subcomponent of the rat complement system, is dramatically enhanced in brains of rats with either borna disease or experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. | in situ hybridization, rt-pcr and northern blot analysis as well immunohistochemistry were used to examine the expression of c1q, a subcomponent of the rat complement system, in brains of rats infected with borna disease virus (bdv) and rats afflicted with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) induced by the adoptive transfer of myelin basic protein specific t cells. c1q mrna, which was not detected in normal brain, became clearly detectable using rt-pcr analysis by d14 post infection (p ... | 1995 | 7544401 |
| staggering disease in cats: isolation and characterization of the feline borna disease virus. | a borna disease virus (bdv)-like agent was isolated from the central nervous system (cns) of cats with a spontaneous non-suppurative encephalomyelitis ('staggering disease'). in contrast to the rabbit-adapted bdv strain v, which can be propagated in several primary and permanent cell cultures, the cat virus grew only in embryonic mink brain cells. infection of adult wistar rats with feline brain tissue material did not result in clinical disease during a period of 5 months, nor in growth of infe ... | 1995 | 7561758 |
| does borna disease virus infect humans? | | 1995 | 7585033 |
| borna disease virus genome transcribed and expressed in psychiatric patients. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a neurotropic, negative and single-stranded enveloped rna virus that persistently infects various domestic animal species. infection causes disturbances in behaviour and cognitive functions, but can also lead to a fatal neurologic disease. human infections seemed likely, since serum antibodies were detected in neuropsychiatric patients. further proof came from our discovery that peripheral blood monocytes carry viral antigens. here, we present the first data on diffe ... | 1995 | 7585039 |
| description of feline nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis ("staggering disease") and studies of its etiology. | a spontaneous neurological disease in domestic cats is described. the clinical signs included staggering gait, hind limb ataxia, and paresis. histologically, a nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis with a characteristic distribution pattern was found, indicating a viral etiology. in serum samples from diseased cats, antibodies to borna disease virus were demonstrated. | 1995 | 7650212 |
| ["in the beginning the horse is sad"--a historical abstract of borna disease]. | borna disease has a 230 year old history, having first been described in 1766. scientific studies of borna disease began in 1895. ernst joest and kurt degen found inclusion bodies within ganglion cells of the hippocampus in 1909. wilhelm zwick successfully transmitted borna disease to rabbits in 1924. this marked the beginning of systematic studies to determine the pathogenesis of borna disease as it is now understood in the 1990s. | 1995 | 7676427 |
| in vivo expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in experimentally induced neurologic diseases. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) mrna in the brain tissue of rats and mice under the following experimental conditions: in rats infected with borna disease virus and rabies virus, in mice infected with herpes simplex virus, and in rats after the induction of experimental allergic encephalitis. the results showed that inos mrna, normally nondetectable in the brain, was present in animals after viral infection or after induction o ... | 1993 | 7681993 |
| t cell memory specific for self and non-self antigens in rats persistently infected with borna disease virus. | we have studied cd4+ th1 t cell responses in borna disease (bd), a virus-mediated immune disease of the central nervous system (cns), and demonstrate the priming of virus-specific as well as autoreactive t cells specific for myelin antigens in the course of viral infection. the fate of these in vivo generated t cells was subsequently assessed by in vitro proliferation assays with lymphocytes from different lymphoid organs of diseased animals over a long period of time. virus-specific t cell resp ... | 1993 | 7690314 |
| severity of neurological signs and degree of inflammatory lesions in the brains of rats with borna disease correlate with the induction of nitric oxide synthase. | the putative role of nitric oxide in the neuropathogenesis of borna disease was investigated by determining changes in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) mrna and constitutively expressed nos (cnos) mrna in brains of borna disease virus (bdv)-infected rats. inos mrna was not detected in normal rat brain but was identified in bdv-infected brain at 14 days postinfection (p.i.), reaching maximum levels at 21 days p.i., when neurological signs and inflammatory reactions in the ... | 1993 | 7690410 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies to borna disease virus-specific proteins. | borna disease virus is a unique neurotropic rna virus that causes neurologic disease in a wide variety of animal hosts. we established an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to borna disease virus on the basis of the use of three recombinant viral proteins (recp40, recp23, and recp18). this assay system is more sensitive and rapid than the methods currently used for the serologic diagnosis of infection such as western blotting (immunoblotting), indirect immunofluore ... | 1995 | 7714191 |
| a double monoclonal antibody elisa for detecting pestivirus antigen in the blood of viraemic cattle and sheep. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) has been produced to the p125/p80 non-structural polypeptide of border disease virus (bdv) and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv). this polypeptide appears to be highly conserved among bdv and bvdv isolates and consequently the mabs directed against it have a broad cross-reactivity with pestivirus isolates. the epitope specificities of these mabs were determined by competitive binding and four of the mabs with mutually exclusive epitope specificities were ... | 1995 | 7716885 |
| borna disease virus: implications for human neuropsychiatric illness. | the cause of borna disease, a neurological syndrome affecting mammals and birds, has recently been shown to be infection with an rna virus. molecular genetic analysis suggests that borna disease virus represents a new viral taxon. it has a wide host range and is tropic for specific circuits in the central nervous system. there is indirect evidence that links it to diseases of the human central nervous system. | 1995 | 7728387 |
| a proposed division of the pestivirus genus using monoclonal antibodies, supported by cross-neutralisation assays and genetic sequencing. | sixty-six pestiviruses from ruminant and porcine hosts were analysed with a panel of 76 monoclonal antibodies raised against 9 different viruses. reactivity was used to construct epitope similarity maps for all of the viruses. four principal virus subgroups were demonstrated. one subgroup equated to classical swine fever virus (csfv) and included most porcine pestiviruses but none from ruminants. a second subgroup contained mainly viruses of bovine origin, including reference bovine viral diarrh ... | 1995 | 7735309 |
| hematologic consequences of borna disease virus infection of rat bone marrow and thymus stromal cells. | borna disease virus (bdv) was previously believed to have a strict tropism for the nervous system. bdv has recently been identified by a reverse transcription-polymerization chain reaction-enzyme immunosorbent assay (rt-pcr-eia) in bone marrow cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) in bdv-infected lewis rats. we now report the identification of bdv rna and infectious virus in thymus cells from rats infected either as neonates (pti-nb) or as adults (4 weeks of age). based on in vitro ... | 1995 | 7742537 |
| further characterization of border disease virus isolates: evidence for the presence of more than three species within the genus pestivirus. | the molecular analysis of three ovine pestivirus strains revealed the existence of two distinct groups of sheep-derived pestiviruses, namely "true" border disease virus strains (bdv) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)-like strains. as an extension of these studies rt-pcr and nucleotide sequencing of the autoprotease (npro) and nucleocapsid protein (c) encoding regions of additional serologically defined ovine pestivirus strains were performed. a comparison of npro and c revealed that three o ... | 1995 | 7747470 |
| molecular biology of borna disease virus. | | 1995 | 7789146 |
| human infections with borna disease virus and potential pathogenic implications. | | 1995 | 7789147 |
| a borna-like disease of ostriches in israel. | | 1995 | 7789149 |
| borna disease--neuropathology and pathogenesis. | natural bd is a nonpurulent acute/subacute encephalitis of horses and sheep with a propensity to involve the olfactory and limbic systems, and the brain stem. the inflammation is concentrated primarily in the gray matter, but subcortical white matter may also be affected. experimental bd can be produced in a series of animals from birds to primates. the neuropathology after experimental infection is similar to that in natural disease but the inflammatory changes are more diffuse. in the rat and ... | 1995 | 7789150 |
| detection of borna disease virus rna in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissues by nested pcr. | a method for detecting borna disease virus (bdv) rna in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue sections was established. by digestion with proteinase k and subsequent extraction with guanidinium thiocyanate, phenol, and chloroform, we were able to efficiently release rna from the fixed tissues. by reverse transcription of the rna and nested pcr a 212-bp product was generated, as expected. | 1995 | 7790444 |
| borna disease virus and schizophrenia. | the development of a new serological assay method to detect antibodies in human sera recognizing borna disease virus (bdv) proteins and a clinical pilot study are presented. psychiatric patients from a schizophrenia research clinic in baltimore, maryland, were examined for antibodies to bdv antigen with traditional indirect immunofluorescence assays (ifa) that used both single and double labeling techniques and also with a western blot assay capable of detecting antibodies to the three bdv prote ... | 1995 | 7792340 |
| the remarkable coding strategy of borna disease virus: a new member of the nonsegmented negative strand rna viruses. | bdv uses a remarkably broad range of mechanisms to direct expression of its 8.9-kb genome. although much remains to be elucidated, it is clear that bdv genome expression is modulated by the use of multiple strategies, including differential gene transcription, post-transcriptional modification, and translational efficiency. further insights into the details of this multilevel system will be essential to understanding bdv biology, pathogenesis, and neurotropism. | 1995 | 7793061 |
| neutralizing antibodies in borna disease virus-infected rats. | borna disease is a neurologic syndrome caused by infection with a nonsegmented, negative-strand rna virus, borna disease virus. infected animals have antibodies to two soluble viral proteins, p40 and p23, and a membrane-associated viral glycoprotein, gp18. we examined the time course for the development of neutralization activity and the expression of antibodies to individual viral proteins in sera of infected rats. the appearance of neutralizing activity correlated with the development of immun ... | 1995 | 7815538 |
| immunopathogenic role of t-cell subsets in borna disease virus-induced progressive encephalitis. | borna disease is an immunopathological virus-induced encephalopathy comprising severe inflammation and degenerative brain cell lesions which results in organ atrophy and chronic debility in rats. cd4+ and cd8+ t cells have been reported to be involved in the development of this disease of the central nervous system. a virus-specific homogeneous t-cell line, established in vitro after immunization of rats with the recombinant 24-kda virus-specific protein, showed antigen-specific proliferation in ... | 1995 | 7815558 |
| [development of pcr tests for the detection of bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine respiratory syncytial viruses and pestiviruses]. | the development of pcr assays for detection of bhv-1, brsv, bvdv and another pestiviruses is summarized. a polymerase chain reaction assay based on primers selected from the viral gi glycoprotein gene detected 3 fg pure bhv-1 dna, 0.1-1.0 tcid50 or a single infected cell. no amplification was observed with dna from bhv-2, bhv-3, bhv-4, ohv-1 or ohv-2. however, a fragment of the correct size (468 bp) was amplified using dna from herpesviruses isolated from reindeer, red deer and goat. the pcr ass ... | 1994 | 7817501 |
| borna virus infections in cattle associated with fatal neurological disease. | | 1994 | 7817508 |
| induction of protection against borna disease by inoculation with high-dose-attenuated borna disease virus. | borna disease is a chronic neurological disease caused by an enveloped negative-strand rna virus (bdv). experimental disease can be reproduced in rats with brain homogenates derived from infected animals or with virus derived from infected cells in culture. the virus replicates in cultured cells without evidence of cytopathic effect or production of significant levels of cell-free virus. borna disease is caused by an immunopathological response to viral infection of neural cells. to further inve ... | 1995 | 7831798 |
| rna splicing contributes to the generation of mature mrnas of borna disease virus, a non-segmented negative strand rna virus. | we recently demonstrated that borna disease virus (bdv) has a negative non-segmented single stranded (nns) rna genome, whose organization is similar to that of other members of the mononegavirales order. however, we have also documented that in contrast to the rest of the nns-rna animal viruses, bdv replication and transcription occur in the nucleus of infected cells. here, we provide evidence that bdv uses the host nuclear splicing machinery to generate some of the viral mrnas, representing the ... | 1994 | 7831966 |
| sequence analyses of the p24 gene of borna disease virus in naturally infected horse, donkey and sheep. | by reverse transcriptase/pcr amplification and subsequent sequence determination of the p24 gene, the relatedness of borna disease virus (bdv) in various naturally infected animal species was determined. these results are indicative of a common ancestral virus pool and a remarkably low species barrier of bdv. comparison of 11 sequences to that of tissue culture adapted virus revealed that the homology among all isolates was at least 96.2% at the nucleotide level, and 97% at the amino acid level. ... | 1994 | 7856315 |
| enteroviral hypothesis for motor neurone disease. | | 1995 | 7866141 |
| polymerase chain reaction (pcr) search for viral nucleic acid sequences in schizophrenia. | previous studies looking for evidence of viral infection in schizophrenics have yielded conflicting results. we searched for viral nucleic acids to test the hypothesis of the viral aetiology of schizophrenia. | 1995 | 7894877 |
| a novel marker for borna disease virus infection. | | 1994 | 7905125 |
| sequence and genome organization of borna disease virus. | we have previously demonstrated that borna disease virus (bdv) has a negative nonsegmented single-stranded (nns) rna genome that replicates in the nucleus of infected cells. here we report for the first time the cloning and complete sequence of the bdv genome. our results revealed that bdv has a genomic organization similar to that of other members of the mononegavirales order. we have identified five main open reading frames (orfs). the largest orf, v, is located closest to the 5' end in the bd ... | 1994 | 7906311 |
| borna disease virus-specific t cells protect against or cause immunopathological borna disease. | in this report we show that passive immunization of lewis rats with viable cd4+, borna disease virus (bdv)-specific t cells before infection with bdv resulted in protection against bd, whereas inoculation of these t cells after bdv infection induced clinical disease with more rapid onset than seen in bdv control animals. the protective as well as encephalitogenic effector functions of bdv-specific cd4+ t cells were mediated only by viable bdv-specific t cells. the protective situation was obtain ... | 1994 | 7909324 |
| immune-mediated brain atrophy. cd8+ t cells contribute to tissue destruction during borna disease. | borna disease (bd) is a virus-induced immunopathologic disease of the central nervous system in a variety of species from birds to primates and probably in humans. severe inflammatory reactions lead to tissue destruction and finally to cortical brain atrophy. after experimental infection of the rat, intraparenchymal cd8+ t cells, mhc class i ags on borna disease virus (bdv)-infected neurons, and numerous nerve cell lesions were present. treatment of bdv-infected rats with the mab ox-8 directed a ... | 1994 | 7912707 |
| characterization of a borna disease virus glycoprotein, gp18. | borna disease virus is a nonsegmented negative-strand rna virus that causes neurologic disease in a wide variety of animal hosts. here we describe identification and characterization of the first glycoprotein in this viral system. the 18-kda glycoprotein, gp18, has been purified from infected rat brain. isolation and microsequencing of this protein allowed identification of a 16.2-kda open reading frame in the viral antigenome. lectin binding and endoglycosidase sensitivity assays indicate that ... | 1994 | 7933072 |
| borna disease virus antibodies among workers exposed to infected ostriches. | | 1994 | 7934567 |
| cytotoxic t cell responses in lambs experimentally infected with border disease virus. | mononuclear cells cytotoxic to a noncytopathic strain of border disease virus (bdv) but not to uninfected cells were detected in the peripheral blood of experimentally infected lambs, 10 days after experimental infection, reaching peak levels of cytotoxicity 15 days post-inoculation. the specificity of the cytotoxic activity to bdv-infected cells was tested by including autologous targets infected with another virus (bovine respiratory syncytial virus, brsv) and normal uninfected autologous targ ... | 1994 | 7941304 |
| n-glycosylated protein(s) are important for the infectivity of borna disease virus (bdv). | tunicamycin inhibited the production of infectious borna disease virus (bdv) and glycosidase treatment eliminated the infectivity of cell-free virus. a glycoprotein of approximately 17 kda, found in association with infectious virus, was identified by concanavalin a binding. | 1994 | 7944960 |
| borna disease in naturally infected cattle. | based on the immunohistochemical demonstration of viral antigen and on the histological brain lesions, borna disease was diagnosed in a cow and a bull which had suffered from a severe, subacute progressive disorder of the central nervous system. virus-specific antigen was characteristically localized in neurons, predominantly in the perikaryon and dendrites. in a serum sample available from one of the animals a borna disease virus antibody titre of 1 in 80 was demonstrated. this is the first rep ... | 1994 | 7962728 |
| molecular biology of borna disease virus: prototype of a new group of animal viruses. | | 1994 | 7966555 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the structural gene coding region of the pestivirus border disease virus. | border disease virus (bdv) of sheep, an important ovine pathogen, is serologically related to the two other well characterized members of the pestivirus genus of the flaviviridae family, namely bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and hog cholera virus (hocv). to determine its genetic relationship to bvdv and hocv, the genome of bdv strain, bd-78 encompassing the 5' untranslated region (utr) and structural gene coding region was molecularly cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. the sequen ... | 1994 | 7985409 |
| virus-like particles in mdck cells persistently infected with borna disease virus. | a line of madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells persistently infected with borna disease virus was examined by electron microscopy. thin sections revealed the presence of intracytoplasmic virus-like particles ranging from 50-100 nm in diameter. nuclei of the infected cells exhibited accumulation of electron-dense granular structures 15-18 nm in diameter. the intracytoplasmic particles were roughly spherical with a limiting membrane, suggesting the presence of a lipid-containing envelope. the in ... | 1994 | 7985412 |
| molecular characterization of borna virus rnas. | borna disease virus is cell-associated in infected animals. antibodies in animals are directed against bdv proteins of 38/39, 24, and 14.5 kd. cdna clones that encode these proteins hybridize to five mrnas of 10.5, 3.6, 2.1, 1.4, and 0.85 kb. the 10.5, 3.6, 2.1, and 0.85 kb rnas are 3' co-terminal; the 1.4 kb rna is contained within the 10.5, 3.6, and 2.1 kb species but is not 3' co-terminal. a negative strand 10 kb rna is also present in infected cells. to determine which of the large 10 kb spe ... | 1994 | 8032272 |
| rna splicing in borna disease virus, a nonsegmented, negative-strand rna virus. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a nonsegmented, negative-strand rna virus related to rhabdoviruses and paramyxoviruses. unlike animal viruses of these two families, bdv transcribes rnas in the nuclei of infected cells and produces high levels of transcripts containing multiple open reading frames. previous northern blot analysis of rna from bdv-infected rat brain tissue has shown that two viral transcripts, a 6.1-kb rna and a 1.5-kb rna, lack regions that are internal to two otherwise identical tra ... | 1994 | 8035500 |
| [bovine virus diarrhea/mucosal disease: a review]. | infections with the bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease virus (bvdv) are widespread and cause a variety of diseases including reproductive disorders, abortion and malformation, pneumoenteritis, thrombocytopenia and mucosal disease. together with the closely related border disease virus of sheep (bdv) and european swine fever virus (csfv), also referred to as hog cholera virus, bvdv is now classified in the genus pestivirus of the flaviviridae family. the bvdv exists in two biotypes, noncytopat ... | 1994 | 8036482 |
| persistent pestivirus infection in sheep in apulia (southern italy). | a study in a flock of 100 sheep was carried out to detect animals persistently infected with border disease virus (bdv). from buffy coats of animals without neutralizing antipestivirus antibodies, 6 non cytopathic pestiviruses were isolated in cell cultures. using 3 monoclonal antibodies, the 6 viruses were initially characterized as bdv strains. | 1994 | 8065275 |
| identification of signal sequences that control transcription of borna disease virus, a nonsegmented, negative-strand rna virus. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a nonsegmented, negative-strand rna virus that causes neurologic disorders in a wide range of animal species. although the virus is unclassified, sequence analysis of the 8.9-kb viral genome has shown that it is related to rhabdoviruses and paramyxoviruses. we have mapped subgenomic rnas of bdv strain he80-1 to the viral genome by determining the precise sequences at their 5' and 3' termini. this analysis showed that the genome contains three transcription initiation ... | 1994 | 8083989 |
| borna disease virus: immunoelectron microscopic characterization of cell-free virus and further information about the genome. | the etiological agent of borna disease, a persistent virus infection of the central nervous system with differently expressed symptomatology, was morphologically unknown. here we provide the first convincing data on its phenotypic architecture. salt-released virus comprising the biological parameters of koch's postulates has an unsegmented single-stranded rna. a dense band (1.22 g/cm3) in cscl contains 90-nm particles which appear to be enveloped and a fraction of 50- to 60-nm particles. labelin ... | 1994 | 8084008 |
| [viruses and cell therapy. evaluation of cell therapy from the virologic viewpoint]. | the risks of cell therapy as seen by the microbiologist and virologist, are not calculable. numerous viruses with longterm persistence in the host cells, cannot be detected on the basis of an acute disease in the host. this applies, for example to herpesviruses, lentiviruses, retroviruses, hepatitis c virus, borna disease virus and the so-called unconventional viruses. there are two reasons why testing of the donor animal ist not possible, the first being the great number of potential pathogens, ... | 1994 | 8088689 |
| borna disease virus (bdv), a nonsegmented rna virus, replicates in the nuclei of infected cells where infectious bdv ribonucleoproteins are present. | borna disease virus (bdv) causes neurological disease in a wide range of animal species, providing an important model for studies of persistent viral infection of the central nervous system. in addition, the detection of antibodies that react with bdv antigen in serum from psychiatric patients suggests a role for bdv, or related viruses, in human mental disorders, providing further reason for study of this poorly characterized neurotropic virus. we present evidence that bdv has a nonsegmented ne ... | 1994 | 8107202 |
| demonstration of borna disease virus-specific rna in secretions of naturally infected horses by the polymerase chain reaction. | the presence of borna disease virus (bdv)-specific rna was traced by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in conjunctival fluid, nasal secretions and saliva of horses which were seropositive but did not have any history of clinical borna disease. positive reactions encompassed sequences encoding the p24 bdv-specific protein. virus specificity of the amplified product was confirmed by hybridization with the respective oligomer probe. viral infectivity or virus-specific antigen was ... | 1993 | 8121330 |
| [clinical aspects and diagnosis of border disease]. | the term border disease (bd) refers to a clinical condition of newborn lambs that results from congenital infection by a pestivirus (family: flaviviridae), occurring during the first one-half of gestation. the most prominent clinical features are tonic-clonic tremors and hairy fleece ("hairy shaker" symptomatology). moreover early transplacental infection often causes fetal death, abortion or stillbirth and teratogenic disorders. in germany there are only few reports on clinical cases of bd, how ... | 1994 | 8165658 |
| [expanded nuclear magnetic resonance studies in borna disease virus seropositive psychiatric patients and control probands]. | there is growing evidence, that borna disease virus (bdv) or a variant may cause neuropsychiatric disorders in humans. the presence of specific bdv serum antibodies indicates an earlier contact with bdv. earlier mri results showing a raised prevalence of white matter lesions in bdv-seropositive psychiatric patients, possibly indicating encephalitic lesions, are not confirmed in this extended study, however in bdv-seropositive psychiatric patients the occurrence of cerebral atrophy seems to be mo ... | 1994 | 8177357 |
| genomic organization of borna disease virus. | borna disease virus is a neurotropic negative-strand rna virus that infects a wide range of vertebrate hosts, causing disturbances in movement and behavior. we have cloned and sequenced the 8910-nucleotide viral genome by using rna from borna disease virus particles. the viral genome has complementary 3' and 5' termini and contains antisense information for five open reading frames. homology to filoviridae, paramyxoviridae, and rhabdoviridae is found in both cistronic and extracistronic regions. ... | 1994 | 8183914 |
| partial purification and characterization of borna disease virions released from infected neuroblastoma cells. | borna disease is a rare but severe neurological disease of horses and sheep. borna disease virus (bdv) has not been fully characterized because cell-free virus has not been isolated. homogenates of infected brain are infectious both for animals and for some cell lines in culture. we report here the partial purification and characterization of cell-free bdv from the tissue culture supernatant of infected human neuroblastoma sknsh cells. a single negative strand 10-kb rna was detected in purified ... | 1994 | 8184547 |
| detection of borna disease virus rna in naturally infected animals by a nested polymerase chain reaction. | borna disease virus in naturally infected horses, a donkey and sheep was detected for the first time by amplification of viral rna using pcr. in contrast to a control group of healthy horses, brain tissue was positive by this assay in all animals with neurological symptoms. the use of a second round of pcr with nested primers following southern hybridization confirmed the specificity and increased the sensitivity of the test. comparison with conventional methods recommends this technique for mon ... | 1994 | 8188810 |
| replication of border disease virus in ovine lymphocytes and monocytes in vitro. | adherent and non-adherent mononuclear cells obtained from the peripheral blood of normal sheep supported the in vitro replication of a non-cytopathic and a cytopathic strain of border disease virus (bdv) with no apparent cytopathic effects. there was a significant rise in virus titres in adherent mononuclear cells (monocyte) and non-adherent (lymphocyte) cultures infected with both non-cytopathic and cytopathic strains of bdv 24 hours after inoculation. peak virus titres of 5.36 log10 tcid50 ml- ... | 1994 | 8191010 |
| early and persistent abnormalities in rats with neonatally acquired borna disease virus infection. | newborn rats inoculated with borna disease virus (bdv) develop a persistent, tolerant nervous system infection (pti-nb), with no signs of encephalitis or borna disease. we measured body weight, body length, taste preferences, and spontaneous locomotor activity over a 4-month period in pti-nb and control rats. pti-nb rats had decreased weight and length but not detectable disturbances in growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 biosynthesis as compared to control rats. in single bottle tas ... | 1994 | 8193931 |
| lymphocyte responses to viral antigens and phytohaemagglutinin in persistently viraemic sheep and lambs experimentally infected with border disease virus. | lymphocytes obtained from lambs 5 to 21 days after experimental infection with border disease virus (bdv) showed significant blastogenic responses to live or inactivated bdv. live virus stimulated significantly higher lymphocyte transformation (lt) responses than inactivated virus. lymphocytes obtained from uninfected control and persistently infected lambs had no significant response to live or inactivated antigen. lymphocyte responses to phytohaemagglutinin were significantly higher in control ... | 1994 | 8203131 |
| borna disease in ostriches. | | 1993 | 8204140 |
| border disease virus transmitted to sheep and cattle by a persistently infected ewe: epidemiology and control. | in a swedish sheep flock comprising 202 ewes and 13 rams, a pair of twin lambs born in the spring of 1990 demonstrated signs of border disease (bd) and were persistently infected (pi) with border disease virus (bdv). investigation showed that bdv had been introduced in the preceding tupping period 5-6 months earlier by a bought-in ewe which, on the basis of immunoperoxidase- and polymerase chain reaction techniques, was shown to be pi with bdv. only 7 of the ewes, all of which had been in close ... | 1994 | 8209823 |
| borna disease virus: nature of the etiologic agent and significance of infection in man. | this review presents data on the characterization of borna disease virus (bdv) and its potential as a possible causative agent in humans. the isolation of: (i) bdv-specific cdna clones that encode various bdv-specific proteins and (ii) partially purified virus particles led to the conclusion that the viral genome consists of negative-sense, single-stranded rna. the organization of the bdv-specific rna species appears to be a nested set of overlapping subgenomic rna transcripts. furthermore, evid ... | 1993 | 8219796 |
| biology and neurobiology of borna disease viruses (bdv), defined by antibodies, neutralizability and their pathogenic potential. | borna disease viruses (bdv) isolated from more than 20 naturally infected horses, 2 sheep and a possible feline isolate were included in these studies. most of these wild-type viruses were grown in rabbit cells. specifically rabbit-adapted viruses establish persistent infection in immortalized cell lines of various animal species. brain-, tissue culture-, and cell-free released viruses could all be neutralized with antibodies from naturally and experimentally infected animals (horse; hamster, ra ... | 1993 | 8219797 |
| pathogenesis of borna disease. | borna disease represents a unique model of a virus-induced immunological disease of the brain. naturally occurring in horses and sheep, the mechanisms of pathogenesis have been studied in experimental animals, namely in the rat. many investigations have revealed that the infection of the natural hosts principally follows the same pathogenic pathways as observed in rats, leading to a severe encephalomyelitis. this affliction of the central nervous system results in severe neurological disorders t ... | 1993 | 8219798 |
| brain cell lesions in borna disease are mediated by t cells. | experimental borna disease (bd) in rats is characterized by severe lymphocytic encephalitis and by massive brain cell lesions finally leading to brain atrophy. treatment of bdv-infected rats with monoclonal antibodies directed against cd4+ and cd8+ t cells could almost completely inhibit the immunopathological reactions and revealed less bdv-infected neurons and astrocytes that expressed mhc class i antigen. brain cell lesions were minimal, and no obvious brain atrophy could be observed even lat ... | 1993 | 8219800 |
| borna disease virus infection and affective disorders in man. | borna disease virus (bdv) can persistently infect the central nervous system of a broad spectrum of animal species. the clinical course varies from slight behavioral disturbances to a fatal neurological syndrome. in-vivo diagnosis is based on the strong humoral immune response to bdv antigens. since also human infections could be confirmed by specific antibodies and increased seroprevalence was found in patients with chronic neurologic or immunologic disorders, the contribution of bdv or a bdv-l ... | 1993 | 8219801 |
| in borna disease virus infected rabbit neurons 100 nm particle structures accumulate at areas of joest-degen inclusion bodies. | borna disease virus infected rabbits were chosen to search for electronmicroscopic structures. intensively investigated hippocampal neurons showed intranuclear inclusions; 100 nm particle-like structures surrounded by 20 nm granular forms were prominent. in connection with elsewhere reported in situ hybridization studies of virus-specific rna to areas of the joest-degen inclusions we suggest that these particle structures may represent borna virus. jost-degen (8) found intranuclear inclusion bod ... | 1993 | 8237200 |
| natural borna disease in domestic animals others than horses and sheep. | in 24 cats (uppsala, sweden) with neurological signs of "staggering disease" and typical neuropathology, 44% had borna disease virus (bdv)-specific antibodies. in 173 cat sera (berlin, germany) of animals with unknown record, 7% were bdv positive. out of 24 cats with undefined neurological disorders, 13% were bdv positive. similarities in staggering disease of cats and borna disease of horses and sheep suggest related etiological agents. | 1993 | 8237201 |
| sequence conservation in field and experimental isolates of borna disease virus. | coding and noncoding sequences were analyzed from field and experimental isolates of borna disease virus. for a 24-kda protein, maximum divergence was 1.5% at the predicted amino acid level and 3.1% at the nucleotide level. for a 40-kda protein, maximum divergence was 1.1% at the predicted amino acid level and 4.1% at the nucleotide level. the highest variability in sequence (10%) was found in a 40-nucleotide stretch of genomic rna between coding sequences for the 40- and 24-kda proteins. the de ... | 1994 | 8254777 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the 5'-untranslated region of bovine viral diarrhoea virus: its use as a probe in rapid detection of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses and border disease viruses. | a 289 bp cdna fragment from the 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 16 bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) isolates was amplified by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction, and sequenced by dideoxy dna sequencing. the sequence showed greater than 90% homology between the isolates and bvdv nadl in this region, and greater than 97% homology within a 72 base sub-region (nt 314-386). the 289 bp fragment was then used as a probe for rapid detection of bvdv and border disease virus (bdv) from ... | 1993 | 8264668 |
| arachidonic acid immunoregulation in lambs persistently infected with border disease virus. | to evaluate arachidonic acid-related immunoregulatory mechanisms during long-term persistent pestivirus infection, we measured plasma contents of leukotriene c4 (ltc4), prostaglandin d2 (pgd2) and their plasma fatty acid (fa) precursor, arachidonic acid (aa), in six lambs with congenital border disease (bd). significantly elevated average plasma ltc4 during the first half year of life was associated with increased pdg2 when compared to uninfected control lambs. significantly elevated total plasm ... | 1993 | 8281741 |
| analysis of virus-specific rna species and proteins in freon-113 preparations of the borna disease virus. | treatment of homogenates from borna disease virus (bdv)-infected brain tissue or cell cultures with freon-113 yielded infectious particles with a buoyant density of 1.16-1.22 g/ml. positive- and negative-stranded bdv-specific rna species as well as three virus-specific proteins, known to be present in bdv-infected cell extracts, were demonstrated in these freon-treated fractions. when the freon-purified virus preparations were treated with rnase a prior to rna extraction, only negative-stranded, ... | 1993 | 8283962 |
| molecular characterization of border disease virus, a pestivirus from sheep. | three serologically different pestivirus strains isolated from sheep were selected for molecular analysis. cdna and deduced amino acid sequences of the genomic regions encoding glycoproteins e1 and e2 were obtained from the three strains. a comparison with amino acid sequences of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv) revealed that one of the three ovine pestivirus strains can be grouped together with bvdv. the other two strains, however, were clearly different ... | 1994 | 8291236 |
| lysis of major histocompatibility complex class i-bearing cells in borna disease virus-induced degenerative encephalopathy. | cd8+ as well as cd4+ t cells and macrophages are of crucial importance for the pathogenesis of borna disease in rats. this virus-induced immunopathological disease of the brain is characterized by neurological symptoms in the acute phase and chronic debility associated with severe loss of brain tissue in the late stage. we demonstrate here the cytotoxic activity of t lymphocytes in the brain of intracerebrally infected rats. t cells isolated from the brain of infected rats lyse major histocompat ... | 1993 | 8315376 |
| genomic organization of the structural proteins of borna disease virus revealed by a cdna clone encoding the 38-kda protein. | borna disease is a rare neurological disease of sheep and horses. the etiological agent, borna disease virus (bdv), has been shown to be an rna virus but has not been characterized sufficiently to assign it to a virus family. previous studies have shown that three bdv-specific proteins of 14, 24 and 38 to 39 kda are found in infected animals and cell culture (ludwig et al., 1988, prog. med. virol. 35, 107-151). cdna clones have been isolated that encode the 14- and 24-kda proteins; using the nuc ... | 1993 | 8317098 |
| borna disease virus in peripheral blood mononuclear and bone marrow cells of neonatally and chronically infected rats. | borna disease virus (bdv) establishes a persistent infection in cells of the nervous system in rats. the response, or lack thereof, of the immune system to bdv infection of neurons is responsible for the presence or absence, respectively, of borna disease. we recently demonstrated transmission of bdv by bone marrow cells from neonatally infected rats. our findings suggested the possibility of a heretofore unsuspected interaction between bdv and the immune system, that of direct effects of bdv in ... | 1993 | 8331163 |
| clinically diseased cats with non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis have borna disease virus-specific antibodies. | | 1993 | 8342461 |
| presumptive diagnostic differentiation of hog cholera virus from bovine viral diarrhea and border disease viruses by using a cdna nested-amplification approach. | hog cholera virus (hcv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and border disease virus (bdv) are closely related pestiviruses. bvdv and bdv are found worldwide but seldom cause disease in swine. in contrast, hcv has been successfully eradicated from swine in several nations but poses a potentially devastating threat to them because of its great virulence. rapid differential diagnosis of hcv from bvdv and bdv infections in swine is vital for detection of the possible reintroduction of hcv into nat ... | 1993 | 8384625 |
| detection of hog cholera virus and differentiation from other pestiviruses by polymerase chain reaction. | reverse transcription coupled with the polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used for the detection and differentiation of pestiviruses. for this purpose, one primer pair was selected from a highly conserved region of the genome of pestiviruses. using these primers (pest 1-pest 2), dna fragments of between 72 and 74 bp could be amplified from all pestivirus isolates tested. in order to differentiate hog cholera virus (hcv) from bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv), ... | 1993 | 8388887 |
| retroviral interference with neuronotrophic signaling in human motor neuron disease? | we tested 13/32 patients with non-familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) positive (41%) for human spuma retrovirus (hsrv) seroreactivity. half the non-als hsrv-positive neurologic patients (12/25) reported multiple fasciculations within the last two years. sera from four hsrv-env negative als patients measurably competed with visna antibodies on maedi-visna antigen. the serologies for bovine leukemia virus, borna disease virus and gm1igm-antibodies remained negative. both visna and foamy v ... | 1993 | 8393394 |
| differential effects of rabies and borna disease viruses on immediate-early- and late-response gene expression in brain tissues. | in situ hybridization and northern blot analysis were used to examine expression of the immediate-early-response genes (iegs) egr-1, junb, and c-fos, and the late response gene encoding enkephalin in the brains of rats infected intranasally with borna disease virus (bdv) or rabies virus. in both borna disease and rabies virus infections, a dramatic and specific induction of iegs was detected in particular regions of the hippocampus and the cortex. increased ieg mrna expression overlapped with th ... | 1993 | 8411369 |
| borna disease virus in mice: host-specific differences in disease expression. | we developed a mouse model of borna disease to facilitate immunopathogenesis research by adaptation of borna disease virus to mice through serial passage in mouse brain tissue. borna disease virus replication, antibody production, inflammation, and borna disease expression in several different strains of mice were examined. | 1993 | 8416380 |
| detection of borna disease virus-reactive antibodies from patients with affective disorders by western immunoblot technique. | borna disease (bd) virus is a partially characterized neurotropic agent with a predilection for neurons and astrocytes in the limbic system and cerebrum of infected hosts. although it usually causes a fatal encephalitis, some laboratory animals which have been experimentally inoculated can develop a persistent non-fatal infection characterized by a neuro-behavioral syndrome akin to human manic-depression. using immunofluorescent techniques, we previously observed bd virus-specific antibodies in ... | 1993 | 8432962 |
| characterization of a glial cell line persistently infected with borna disease virus (bdv): influence of neurotrophic factors on bdv protein and rna expression. | borna disease virus (bdv) infects cells of the nervous system in a wide range of species. previous work suggests that there are differences in bdv replication in neuronal cells and glial cells. many neurons are lysed by the immunopathologic response to bdv; lysis of dentate gyrus neurons in the absence of encephalitis is seen in rats inoculated with bdv as neonates. in contrast, persistently bdv-infected astrocytes increase over the course of bdv infection. therefore, we compared bdv replication ... | 1993 | 8437223 |
| sequence similarity between borna disease virus p40 and a duplicated domain within the paramyxovirus and rhabdovirus polymerase proteins. | | 1993 | 8437242 |
| rabies and borna disease. a comparative pathogenetic study of two neurovirulent agents. | rabies and borna disease viruses have been regarded as classical neurotropic agents. many pathogenetic similarities are shared by these two negative strand rna viruses. in view of recently gained data on the virology and pathology of these two diseases, and up-to-date comparative pathogenetic study seems to be justified. | 1993 | 8450648 |
| detection of antibodies against borna disease virus in sera and cerebrospinal fluid of horses in the usa. | sera from 295 horses in the usa were examined by an indirect immunofluorescence assay and western blot assays to determine the prevalence of borna disease virus infection. eight (2.7 per cent) of the samples were positive in both assays, and 18 (6.1 per cent) were positive only in the western blot assay. the indirect fluorescence titres ranged from 1:20 to 1:80 of antibodies recognising the virus-specific antigen from borna disease virus-infected cells. the purified virus-specific proteins isola ... | 1993 | 8460459 |
| presence of cd4+ and cd8+ t cells and expression of mhc class i and mhc class ii antigen in horses with borna disease virus-induced encephalitis. | tissues from 9 horses and 1 donkey suffering from natural borna disease were investigated immunomorphologically. lymphocytic inflammatory reactions and increased expressions of mhc class i and class ii antigen were found in the brain as well as in the trigeminal and olfactory system. perivascular inflammatory infiltrates were dominated by cd4+ t cells, whereas the majority of cd8+ t cells were disseminated intraparenchymally. no evidence of inflammation was found in the retina. borna disease vir ... | 1995 | 8520721 |
| sequence variability of borna disease virus open reading frame ii found in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | a cdna fragment of the borna disease virus (bdv) open reading frame ii (orf-ii), which encodes a 24-kda phosphoprotein (p24 [p protein]), was amplified from total rna of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from three psychiatric inpatients. the amplified cdna fragments were cloned, sequenced, and analyzed. a total of 15 clones, 5 from each patient, were studied. intrapatient divergencies of the bdv orf-ii nucleotide sequence were 4.2 to 7.3%, 4.8 to 7.3%, and 2.8 to 7.1% for the three pati ... | 1996 | 8523585 |
| demonstration of borna disease virus rna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from japanese patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. | cfs, a recently named heterogeneous disorder, is an illness of unknown etiology. the association of cfs with viral infections has been suggested. a common association between cfs and several viruses examined has not been confirmed. here, we centered on the possible link between cfs and bdv infection. by nested rt-pcr followed by hybridization, bdv rna was demonstrated as a clear signal in pbmcs in 3 out of 25 cfs patients. the amplified cdna fragments were cloned and sequenced. a total of 16 clo ... | 1996 | 8549821 |
| characterization of the camel skin cell line dubca. | a skin fibroblast cell culture was established from a 2-month-old dromedary foetus. the cells were transformed by infection with sv40 and cloned in soft agar. the established cell line is now designated dubca cells (dubai camel) and has been in permanent culture for 95 passages. the cell culture was examined morphologically, chromosome preparations made and dna fingerprinting performed by hybridization with the oligonucleotide probe (gtg)5. sv40 large t antigen was detected by western blotting. ... | 1995 | 8556315 |