| murine cytomegalovirus: induction of and sensitivity to interferon in vitro. | moderate amounts of viral inhibitor were produced by mouse embryo (me) cultures infected with two strains of plaque-purified murine cytomegalovirus (mcv). this inhibitor was shown to be interferon, based on the possession of similar properties. the growth studies of mcv in me cells showed that interferon was produced as early as 4 h after infection, infectious virus was produced between 12 to 16 h, and cytopathic effect was produced between 16 to 18 h. since mcv-induced interferon production and ... | 1975 | 172448 |
| evidence for covalent attachment of fatty acids to sindbis virus glycoproteins. | selective binding of lipid to glycoprotein was detected when [3h]palmitate-labeled sindbis virus particles or viral-infected cells were disrupted by heating with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and glycoproteins were isolated by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate/10% polyacrylamide gels. the smaller glycoprotein (e2) retained 2 to 3 times more labeled lipid than did the larger ei glycoprotein, and the cell-associated glycoprotein precursor (pe2) bound even less lipid. no lipid was associated with ... | 1979 | 287008 |
| eukaryotic mrna cap binding protein: purification by affinity chromatography on sepharose-coupled m7gdp. | a 24,000-dalton polypeptide that binds strongly and can be specifically crosslinked to the 5'-terminal cap structure m7gpppn in eukaryotic mrnas has been detected in protein synthesis initiation factor preparations [proc. natl. acad. sci. usa (1978) 75, 4843--4847]. this polypeptide has been purified to apparent homogeneity by one chromatographic passage through an affinity resin prepared by coupling the levulinic acid o2',3'-acetal of m7gdp to ah-sepharose 4b. translation, in hela cell extracts ... | 1979 | 291969 |
| interactions between immune cells and antibody in protection from fatal sindbis virus encephalitis. | transfer of anti-sindbis virus serum, obtained from peripherally inoculated donors, protected mice from an otherwise fatal intracerebral infection with neuroadapted sindbis virus (nsv). f(ab)'2 preparations of serum were not protective, indicating that the fc piece of immunoglobulin g was important. complement-depleted animals were protected with anti-nsv serum, ruling out as essential the complement-fixing function of the fc piece. the presence of protective antibody correlated with the ability ... | 1979 | 311344 |
| in vitro heterologous cytotoxicity by t effector cells from mice immunized with sindbis virus. | an in vitro correlate of cell-mediated cross-protection among alpha-viruses was demonstrated by cytotoxicity of sindbis-immune spleen cells from mice to both sindbis and semliki forest virus (sfv)-infected target cells. this cytotoxicity was shown to be mediated by the t cell population of the spleen and was independent of the presence of macrophages or b cells. the time when the level of the lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (lmc) to sfv-infected cells was maximal coincides with the time when im ... | 1979 | 314471 |
| cross protection among togaviruses in nude mice and littermates. | after immunization with sindbis virus, t-cell deficient nude mice, compared to normal littermates, were equally protected against challenge with sindbis virus. however, the nude mice showed about one-tenth the protection observed with normal littermates after challenge with semliki forest virus at a dose of 100 ld50. this consistent with our previous interpretation that sensitized t-cell populations play a major role in cross protection between the two togaviruses. the remaining low level of spe ... | 1979 | 316446 |
| envelope antigens of sindbis virus in cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants. | indirect fluorescent-antibody studies of living and fixed chick cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of sindbis virus suggest that functional envelope glycoprotein e1 must be inserted through the plasma membrane before e2. pe2 and e2 do not affect the insertion of e1. the experiments also suggest that normal pe2, a glycosylated precursor to e2, reacts with anti-e2 serum; the abnormal pe2 made by a temperature-sensitive pe2 cleavage-defective mutant did not. abnormal e1 proteins made ... | 1977 | 319257 |
| [potential virostatics. 1. quinoxalines]. | | 1977 | 203954 |
| antiviral effects of amphotericin b methyl ester. | the methyl ester of amphotericin b (ame) is water soluble, retains antifungal activity, and is significantly less toxic in mammals than amphotericin b. in contrast to amphotericin b, which is not water soluble, ame exhibits antiviral effects against vesicular stomatitis virus, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, sindbis virus, and vaccinia virus in a plaque reduction assay. no antiviral effects could be demonstrated against the unenveloped adenovirus type 4 or echovirus type 11. the extent of vi ... | 1978 | 206201 |
| [interaction of the sindbis virus and rauscher and friend leukoviruses in primary cultures and subcultures of mouse fibroblasts in the early stages of persistence]. | the interaction between friend and raucher leukoviruses and sindbis togavirus was studied in primary cultures of mouse fibroblasts and subcultures passaged for 77 days. in primary cultures, two types of virus interactions were observed: neutralism and interference. in interference, the release of the infectious sindbis virus from the cells is blocked. according to electron microscopic observations, its reproduction terminates by formation of virus nucleocapsid. the blocking of the togavirus matu ... | 1977 | 333760 |
| detection of antibodies to alphaviruses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | cell culture-derived antigens detected antibodies to alphaviruses in human sera with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. results correlated with those from hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests. | 1979 | 393723 |
| [kyzylagach virus (family togaviridae, genus alphaviruses), a new arbovirus isolated from culex modestus mosquitoes trapped in the azerbaijani ssr]. | a strain of leiv 65a virus was isolated in 1969 from culex modestus mosquitoes collected in the kyzylagach preserve, the azerbaijan ssr, in a colony of ciconiiformes birds. investigations of the antigenic properties of this virus by the complement fixation and neutralization tests as well as by electron microscopy showed it to belong to alphaviruses of the togaviridae family. kyzylagach virus had one-way relations with sindbis virus. some biological and biophysical-biochemical properties of the ... | 1979 | 159565 |
| lipid-saccharide intermediates and glycoprotein biosynthesis in a temperature-sensitive chinese hamster cell mutant. | the characterization of a temperature-sensitive chinese hamster cell mutant has been continued with the aim of localizing the apparent defect in glycoprotein synthesis (tenner et al., '77). although the mutation is lethal, a demonstration of the ability of the mutant cells to support proliferation of mengo virus at the nonpermissive temperature indicates that the general metabolic processes of the cells remain intact at a time when glycoprotein synthesis is severely depressed. a quantitative stu ... | 1979 | 217883 |
| murine interferon system regulation: isolation and characterization of a mutant 3t6 cell engaged in the semiconstitutive synthesis of interferon. | we describe the isolation and characterization of a virus-resistant mutant of murine 3t6 cells. the mutant, designated 3t6-vrb2, displays a high degree of resistance to infection by members of the toga-, rhabdo- and picornavirus classes. the level of this resistance to infection is similar to the parent 3t6 pretreated with approximately 100 lu/ml of interferon. upon co-cultivation of 3t6-vrb2 cells with interferon-sensitive mouse cells, an antiviral state is induced in the latter cells as measur ... | 1978 | 208779 |
| efficient transfer of interferon-induced virus resistance between human cells. | the rate of development of interferon-induced virus resistance in a mixture of two human cell types (u and wish) is determined by the cell type (wish) in the mixture which responds first. this phenomenon has been shown with two types of interferon assay procedure, and with both vesicular stomatitis virus and sindbis virus. the transfer of virus resistance from one human cell (wish) to another (u) (homospecific transfer) is much more efficient than the transfer from mouse l cells to wish cells (h ... | 1978 | 214520 |
| oligonucleotide mapping studies of standard and defective sindbis virus rna. | oligonucleotide mapping studies of the rna from standard and defective interfering particles of sindbis virus demonstrate that 3'- and 5'-terminal regions of the genome are conserved in the defective rnas. these studies also suggest that defective rnas contain multiple deletions. | 1979 | 430611 |
| tunicamycin inhibits glycosylation and multiplication of sindbis and vesicular stomatitis viruses. | tunicamycin (tm), an antibiotic that inhibits the formation of n-acetylglucosamine-lipid intermediates, thereby preventing the glycosylation of newly synthesized glycoproteins, inhibits the growth of sindbis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus in bhk cells. at 0.5 mug of tm per ml, the replication of both viruses is inhibited 99.9%. noninfectious particles were not detected. all the viral proteins were synthesized in the presence of tm, but the glycoproteins were selectively altered in that the ... | 1977 | 189071 |
| biological activity of sera obtained by hyperimmunizing rabbits with interferon from mouse l cells. | rabbits immunized with interferon from mouse l cells for long periods of time produced interferon-neutralizing antibodies with titers from 1:80 to 1,2000. the anti-interferon sera also contained antibodies against antigens contaminating the interferon preparations such as albumin, bovine gamma-globulin, chicken albumin, extract from l cells, and sindbis virus antigens. some sera also displayed cytotoxic activity against cells of transplantable murine leukemia. these antibodies could be removed b ... | 1979 | 444043 |
| serologic examination of human population in south moravia (czechoslovakia) on the presence of antibodies to arboviruses of the alfavirus, flavivirus, turlock groups and bunyamwera supergroup. | a statistically representative group of human population from the south moravian region (cssr) was examined on the presence of antibodies against the following arboviruses: lednice, sindbis, tick-borne encephalitis, west nile, tahyna and calovo. the ascertained absence of antibodies to the lednice virus is an evidence that at present this virus is of no epidemiological importance in the region studied. no antibodies to sindbis, west nile and calovo viruses were demonstrated. 17.8 to 42.0% of ant ... | 1979 | 447128 |
| comparison of sindbis virus and immunoglobulin glycopeptides in mouse myeloma cells. | | 1979 | 447657 |
| two small virus-specific polypeptides are produced during infection with sindbis virus. | we have identified and characterized two small virus-specific polypeptides which are produced during infection of cells with sindbis virus, but which are not incorporated into the mature virion. the larger of these is a glycoprotein with an approximate molecular weight of 9,800 and is found predominantly in the medium of infected cells. three independent lines of evidence demonstrate conclusively that this 9,800-dalton glycoprotein is produced during the proteolytic conversion of the precursor p ... | 1979 | 448798 |
| studies on the morphology of alphaviruses. | | 1979 | 462801 |
| na+ and k+ concentrations and the regulation of protein synthesis in sindbis virus-infected chick cells. | | 1979 | 462804 |
| effect of incubation time on the generation of defective-interfering particles during undiluted serial passage of sindbis virus in aedes albopictus and chick cells. | | 1979 | 462807 |
| [accelerated method of determining the antiviral activity of interferon inducers in experimental infection]. | by the example of trials of two typical interferon inducers: a double-stranded complex of synthetic polyribonucleotides poly (i).poly (c) and polyacrylic acid the use of the proposed rapid method for the determination of the antiviral activity of interferon inducers in an experimental infection of mice with an alphavirus is described. the method permits to perform a statistically treated evaluation of the antiviral effect of a group of preparations within 96 hours. the mean standard error of the ... | 1979 | 462928 |
| adjuvant polyarthritis. iii. evidence in support of viral etiology. | intraperitoneal administration of a relatively small volume (0.2 ml) of plasma obtained from sindbis virus--infected animals containing approximately 480 units of interferon/ml effectively suppressed the development of adjuvant arthritis. similarly, administration of interferon (624 units/rat/day, ip) prepared in vitro by exposing rat embryo fibroblast culture to poly i:c in the presence of cycloheximide also suppressed the development of adjuvant arthritis without affecting the humoral or the c ... | 1977 | 200247 |
| purification and amino acid compositions of the structural proteins of sindbis virus. | | 1979 | 473598 |
| proposal for a common oligosaccharide intermediate in the synthesis of membrane glycoproteins. | | 1977 | 202393 |
| a radioisotopic technique for measuring the mononuclear inflammatory response in sindbis virus-induced encephalitis of mice. | the mononuclear inflammation occurring in sindbis virus-induced encephalitis of mice has been measured by means of pulse labelling with [125i]udr at a defined time after infection. the method should be applicable to other studies of encephalitis and of mononuclear cellular infiltration occurring in other organs as a result of disease or infection. | 1979 | 479615 |
| virus infection of murine teratocarcinoma stem cell lines. | | 1977 | 202395 |
| endoribonuclease activity associated with animal rna viruses. | a specific endoribonucleolytic activity was detected when detergent-lysed vesicular stomatitis of sendai virus was incubated with the precursor to escherichia coli trna tyr. the cleavage products produced and the characteristics of the reaction were similar to those previously reported for human kb cell rnase nu. like rnase nu, the virus-associated reaction generates 5'-hydroxyl and 3'-phosphate groups at the cleavage sites. at protein concentrations similar to those used to test vesicular stoma ... | 1978 | 202740 |
| the extreme 5'-terminal sequences of sindbis virus 26 and 42 s rna. | | 1979 | 483569 |
| differential effects of ouabain on host- and sindbis virus-specified protein synthesis. | | 1979 | 494493 |
| purification of togavirus haemagglutinins by chromatography on controlled pore glass. | purified preparations of haemagglutinins from sindbis, west nile and tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) viruses could be obtained from infected mouse brains by alkaline extraction, precipitation with protamine and chromatography on polyethylene glycol-coated controlled pore glass with 242 a pore diameter. | 1975 | 241241 |
| absence of a cleavable signal sequence in sindbis virus glycoprotein pe2. | partial nh2-terminal sequence analysis has been performed on some products that result from the translation of 26 s mrna of sindbis virus either in vivo or in vitro. in vivo products were obtained after pulse-labeling of virus-infected cells. in vitro products were obtained after cell-free translation either in the absence or presence of microsomal membrane vesicles from dog pancreas. the sequence data indicate that the selective translocation across the microsomal membrane required for a distin ... | 1979 | 500711 |
| amino-terminal sequence analysis of the structural proteins of sindbis virus. | the structural proteins of sindbis virus, an enveloped virus which belongs to the togavirus family, have been subjected to automated edman degradation using improved techniques. extensive nh2-terminal sequences of about 50 residues were determined for each of the two membrane glycoproteins. in both cases the nh2 terminus of the molecule was found to be similar in composition to typical water-soluble proteins. the viral capsid protein was found to have a blocked alpha-amino group. this is consist ... | 1978 | 275841 |
| [change in the nature of the persistence of alpha- and flaviviruses in the body of balb/c strain mice with a mixed infection with leukovirus]. | the features of pathogenesis of infection caused in adult balb/c mice intraperitoneally infected with sindbis virus, virulent or attenuated strains of west nile (wn) virus, individually or in combination with rauscher leukemia virus (rlv) were studied. the influence of the latter on the course of togavirus infections was characterized by 3 features: (a) different effects on the visceral and neural phases of the pathogenesis (increased period of viremia and virus reproduction in the viscera did n ... | 1979 | 506204 |
| biophysical studies on circle formation by sindbis virus 49 s rna. | | 1979 | 513134 |
| replication of standard and defective ross river virus in bhk cells: patterns of viral rna and polypeptide synthesis. | virus-specific macromolecule synthesis has been examined in bhk cells infected with ross river virus. unpassaged virus (r-0) and tenth-passage virus (r-10) have been compared. in infected cells r-0 generates i) 45s, 28s, 33s and 26s viral rnas, ii) virus-specific precursor polypeptides of mol. wt. 127,000, 95,000 and 61,000 and iii) viral envelope proteins (mol. wts. 52,000 and 49,000) and nucleocapsid protein (mol. wt. 32,000). thus in terms of virus-specific rna and polypeptide synthesis, the ... | 1979 | 518301 |
| establishment of persistent infection in bhk-21 cells by temperature-sensitive mutants of sindbis virus. | twelve temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of sindbis were examined for their ability to establish persistent infection in bhk-21 cells at 39 degrees c. five of these mutants were able to initiate colony formation in infected cultures, which followed an extensive c.p.e. two of the mutants were able to establish persistent infections which survived beyond the fifth cell passage p.i. the ability to initiate colony formation was correlated with low reversion of the ts mutation, or with ability to in ... | 1979 | 521804 |
| immunoferritin studies on the multiplication of sindbis virus in chick embryo fibroblasts. | replication of sindbis virus chick embryo fibroblasts was studied by means of the immunoferritin technique. virus specific antigens, diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm, were observed at first 3 hours p.i. at the same time in ohter cells ferritin particles in linear arrangement occured at the surface of vesicles. at these places heavily labelled nucleocapsids were observed later on. this means, that the surface of vesicles is a site of assembly of nucleocapsids. maturation of virus takes plac ... | 1977 | 325950 |
| cellular interactions determine the rate and degree of interferon action. | the rate and degree of interferon action on mouse embryo (me), mouse l, and human amnion (wish) cells were found to be dependent on the cell density. the most precipitous drop in interferon action occurred just below cell confluency. this effect was shown with both vesicular stomatitis virus and sindbis virus and at both constant and variable input multiplicities of infection. at both "high" and "low" cell densities, cells attached to a surface develop viral resistance faster than suspended cell ... | 1979 | 217833 |
| [origin and formation of different types of vacuoles induced by the multiplication of the alphavirus sindbis virus in various cell systems]. | spherule-containing vacuoles and nucleocapsid-bearing vacuoles (cytopathic vacuoles types 1 and 2 respectively of grimley et al. 1968) induced by alphavirus sindbis were studied in brains from newborn mice, chicken embryo fibroblasts, and two lines of tumoral glial cells from muridae. endoplasmic reticulum (er) elements and finely granular electron-dense material also seen in contact with nucleocapsids seemed to be involved in the formation of the classical single-membrane spherule-containing va ... | 1979 | 534962 |
| infections in sentinel pigeons by sindbis and west nile viruses in south africa, with observations on culex (culex) univittatus (diptera: culicidae) attracted to these birds. | | 1979 | 537007 |
| functional defects of rna-negative temperature-sensitive mutants of sindbis and semliki forest viruses. | defects in rna and protein synthesis of seven sindbis virus and seven semliki forest virus rna-negative, temperature-sensitive mutants were studied after shift to the restrictive temperature (39 degrees c) in the middle of the growth cycle. only one of the mutants, ts-6 of sindbis virus, a representative of complementation group f, was clearly unable to continue rna synthesis at 39 degrees c, apparently due to temperature-sensitive polymerase. the defect was reversible and affected the synthesis ... | 1979 | 541824 |
| [antiviral immunity in insects]. | | 1977 | 332038 |
| synthesis of sindbis virus nonstructural polypeptides in chicken embryo fibroblasts. | the identification of eight previously undescribed polypeptides in chicken embryo cells infected with sindbis virus is reported. seven of these polypeptides were distinguishable from the virus structural polypeptides and their precursors by their molecular weights and tryptic peptide maps. the eighth was closely related to pe2 (schlesinger and schlesinger, 1973), a precursor to one of the virus particle glycoproteins. pulse-chase experiments and the use of an inhibitor of proteolytic cleavage al ... | 1977 | 559103 |
| virus-directed post-translational cleavage in sindbus virus-infected cells. | the viral polypeptides synthesized in cells coinfected with group c and group d or e sindbis virus mutants were studied. cleavage of the ts2 protein occurs in cells coinfected with ts2 and ts20. since the ts2 protein fails to chase in cells infected with ts2 alone, the activity effecting this cleavage must be, at least in part, virus specified. | 1977 | 559105 |
| role of extracellular virus on the maintenance of the persistent infection induced in aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells by sindbis virus. | sindbis virus infection of cultured mosquito cells was found to have no effect on the growth of these cells; instead, a persistent infection of the culture followed an initial acute phase of rapid virus synthesis. nearly all of the cells in the acute stage of infection were found to actively release virus in an infectious-center assay and to contain significant amounts of virus antigen as determined by immunofluorescence. cells in the persistent phase of infection released few virions into the m ... | 1977 | 561193 |
| effects of neuraminidase of the phenotype of sindbis virus grown in fibroblasts obtained from patients with i-cell disease. | | 1978 | 568847 |
| replication of sindbis virus. vii. location of 5-methyl cytidine residues in virus-specific rna. | | 1978 | 568849 |
| [interferonogenic activity of gossypol, a low-molecular substance]. | the interferonogenic activity of gossipol, a low molecular substance of polyphenolic nature was shown in the cell cultures of chick embryos and organisms of mice. pronounced prophylactic efficiency of the drug in mice with experimental infection caused by the west nile virus was found. definite parallelism between the intensity of interferonogenesis and the protection level from the virus affection due to the use of gossipol in mice was noted. difference between gossipol and other known low mole ... | 1978 | 206198 |
| requirement of cell nucleus for african swine fever virus replication in vero cells. | the role of the cell nucleus in the development of african swine fever virus in vero cells has been studied. no viral growth could be detected in enucleated cells under conditions that allow normal development of sindbis virus. furthermore, african swine fever virus dna synthesis was inhibited more than 95% after infection of enucleated vero cells as compared with normal cells. | 1977 | 403300 |
| human arthropod-borne virus infections in nigeria. serological and virological investigations and shaki, oyo state. | during the early dry season of 1972, an arbovirus surveillance was carried out is shaki. on hundred and twenty human blood samples and 304 sera were processed for virus isolation and serology respectively. a high prevalence of antibodies to 8 arbovirus antigens was found in the community. percentage of positive sera was as follows: chikungunya (24%) sindbis (19%), yellow fever (55%), dengue (54%), west nile (58%) and wesselsbron (67%). human infections by ilesha virus (35%) and ingwavuma (15%) ... | 1978 | 570581 |
| the outer boundary of the cytoskeleton: a lamina derived from plasma membrane proteins. | we prepared the cytoskeletal framework by gently extracting cells with triton x-100. lipids and soluble proteins were removed, leaving a complex meshlike structure which contains the cell nucleus and is composed of the major cell filament networks as well as the microtrabeculae with attached polyribosomes. the surface sheet or lamina covering this structure contains most of the cell surface proteins by the following criteria. intact cells are labeled externally with radioiodine and then extracte ... | 1979 | 573666 |
| virus neutralizing antibodies to arboviruses in birds of the order anseriformes in czechoslovakia. | sera from birds of the order anseriformes in czechoslovakia were examined for virus neutralizing (vn) antibodies to arboviruses. vn antibodies to sindbis, calovo and tahyna viruses were found in 15, 5 and 6 out of 106 greylag goose (anser anser) sera. out of 38 ducks, 6 mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and 1 garganey (anas querquedula) contained vn antibodies to sindbis virus, 6 mallards to calovo virus, 4 mallards and 1 garganey to tahyna virus, 2 mallards and 1 garganey to tick-borne encephalitis ... | 1975 | 241234 |
| sindbis envelope proteins as endogenous acceptors in reactions of guanosine diphosphate-[14c]mannose with preparations of infected chicken embryo fibroblasts. | preparations of sindbis-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts incubated with gdp-[14c]mannose and udp-n-acetylglucosamine catalyze the glycosylation of endogenous phospholipids and membrane-associated proteins. the proteins are identified as the viral envelope proteins by precipitation with anti-sindbis antiserum, by comparison with authentic virion glycoproteins on sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis, and by comparison of the glycopeptides of the membrane-associated glycopr ... | 1977 | 404295 |
| the effect of interferon induction on complement level in rat. | relatively high levels of interferon were achieved in rat sera by intracardial inoculation with sindbis virus followed 15 min later by intraperitoneal application of dimethylsulfoxide. at intervals when interferon titres reached the maximum, the levels of complement were decreased as compared with the control group of rats. single administration of dimethylsulfoxide did neither induce interferon nor influence the complement levels in sera of rats of the dobrá voda breed tested. similar results w ... | 1979 | 230679 |
| membrane biogenesis. in vitro cleavage, core glycosylation, and integration into microsomal membranes of sindbis virus glycoproteins. | sindbis virus 26s rna has been translated in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system from rabbit reticulocytes. when the system was supplemented with edta-stripped dog pancreas microsomal membranes, the following results were obtained: (a) complete translation of 26s rna, resulting in the production, by endoproteolytic cleavage, of three polypeptides that are apparently identical to those forms of c, pe2, and e1 that are synthesized in vivo by infected host cells during a 3-min pulse with [35s]m ... | 1979 | 422651 |
| [inhibition of vaccinia, sindbis and para-influenza virus replication by isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone derivative and methisazone in vitro and in vivo]. | | 1979 | 232050 |
| synthesis of alphavirus-specified rna. | uv irradiation of chicken fibroblasts infected with semliki forest or sindbis virus has been used to investigate the mechanism of synthesis of 42s and 26s rna, the major plus-strand virus-specified rnas formed during the multiplication of standard virus particles. from an analysis of the kinetics of uv inactivation of the synthesis of these two rnas, we conclude (i) that 26s rna is formed by internal transcriptive initiation from a point about two-thirds of the way from the 3' end of the 42s neg ... | 1978 | 625087 |
| adaptation of an aedes aegypti mosquito cell line to growth at 15 degrees c and its response to infection by sindbis virus. | aedes aegypti mosquito cells, usually cultured at 28 to 30 degrees c, were adapted to grow at 15 degrees c. they were designated a. aegypti (c) cells, and had an estimated doubling time of 10 days. sindbis virus (sv) replicated in these cells to peak titres of over 1.0 x 10(9) p.f.u./ml 8 to 10 days after inoculation. these, or about 10-fold lower titres, continued to be produced over a 130 day test period without causing visible cell damage. continuous virus proliferation and the yield of unifo ... | 1978 | 627872 |
| carbohydrate structure of sindbis virus glycoprotein e2 from virus grown in hamster and chicken cells. | sindbis virus was used as a probe to examine glycosylation processes in two different species of cultured cells. parallel studies were carried out analyzing the carbohydrate added to sindbis glycoprotein e2 when the virus was grown in chicken embryo cells and bhk cells. the pronase glycopeptides of sindbis glycoprotein e2 were purified by a combination of ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. four glycopeptides were resolved, ranging in molecular weight from 1,800 to 2,700. structures ... | 1979 | 430605 |
| ribosome-protected fragments from sindbis 42-s and 26-s rnas. | sindbis virus 42-s and 26-s rnas labeled with 32p were purified from infected chick embryo fibroblasts. the rna's were incubated in the presence of a wheat germ cell-free translating system under conditions that yielded 40-s and 80-s initiation complexes. after digestion with rnase a, ribosome-protected fragments were isolated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and compared with respect to number, size, cap content and oligonucleotide composition. the two rna species yielded several fragments ... | 1979 | 436845 |
| dimethyl sulfoxide enhancement of phlebotomus fever virus plaque formation. | dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso)incorporated into an agar overlay containing deae-dextran enhanced plaque formation in vero cells by naples sandfly fever virus passaged in mouse brain or vero cell cultures. no plaques were visible when dmso was used without the deae-dextran, some plaques were rarely visible (less than 0.5mm) when deae-dextran was used without the dmso, and up to 10-fold more plaques were clearly visible (0.5-1.5 mm) when both chemicals were used. the combined enhancing effect of dmso a ... | 1979 | 223461 |
| interaction of sindbis virus with liposomal model membranes. | radiolabeled sindbis virus was found to bind to protein-free lipid model membranes (liposomes) derived from extracts of sheep erythrocytes. the virus interaction was dependent on initial ph, and the range of ph dependence (ph 6.0 to 6.8) was the same as the observed with virus-dependent hemagglutination. after the initial interaction, ph changes no longer influenced the virus binding to liposomes. virus bound to liposomes prepared from a mixture of erythrocyte phospholipids, but the binding was ... | 1975 | 234538 |
| ribonuclease-resistant rna of kemerovo virus. | rna of partially purified kemerovo virus sedimented in a relatively broad region in sucrose density gradient with a peak at 14 s. approximately 65% of this rna was resistant to the action of ribonuclease which indicates the double-stranded nature of kemerovo virus rna. | 1975 | 235200 |
| replication of sindbis virus. vi. poly(a) and poly(u) in virus-specific rna species. | | 1978 | 664244 |
| effect of ouabain on sindbis virus replication in ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-resistant aedes albopictus cells (singh). | | 1978 | 664253 |
| glycopeptides of murine leukemia viruses. i. comparison of two ecotropic viruses. | the glycopeptides obtained by pronase digestion of two ecotropic strains of murine leukemia virus (mulv) were compared by gel filtration. four different glycopeptide size classes, designated g(1), g(2), g(3), and g(4), with molecular weights of approximately 5,100, 2,900, 2,200, and 1,500, respectively, were shown to be associated with rauscher mulv virions grown in jls-v9 cells. various sugar precursors, including glucosamine, galactose, fucose, and mannose were incorporated into g(1) and g(2), ... | 1979 | 228050 |
| local resistance of chicken respiratory tract to viral infections. | | 1978 | 696080 |
| the pathogenesis of sindbis virus infection in athymic nude mice. | | 1979 | 469246 |
| characterization of a sinbis virus variant with altered host range. | a variant of sindbis virus which is much more infectious for mouse cells than the standard virus has been examined for biochemical properties which might be responsible for this biological difference. the variant has a much enhanced ability to adsorb to mouse plasmacytoma (mopc 315) cells, but when these cells were pretreated with heparin, they were able to adsorb the standard virus almost as well as the variant. this suggested that there was a surface charge difference between variant and stand ... | 1978 | 708264 |
| double-stranded complex of polyguanylic and polycytidylic acids and its antiviral activity in tissue culture. | the antiviral activity and conditions of formation of the most active double-stranded complexes of synthetic homopolynucleotides, polyriboguanylic and polyribocytidylic acids, were studied on the model of primary trypsinized chick embryo cells and rna-containing viruses. the (poly g).(poly c) complex was very active against the viruses tested; their replication in cell cultures was inhibited completely. the antiviral activity of the (poly g).(poly c) complex increased markedly in the presence of ... | 1975 | 239557 |
| evidence for an autoprotease activity of sindbis virus capsid protein. | | 1978 | 726255 |
| virazole prevents production of sindbis virus and virus-induced cytopathic effect in aedes albopictus cells. | | 1978 | 741653 |
| inhibition of sindbis virus replication in aedes albopictus cells deprived of methionine. | | 1978 | 741661 |
| arthropod-borne virus infections in western new guinea (irian jaya): a serological retrospection. | a serological investigation, covering many localities throughout western new guinea (irian jaya) in 1958-1961 showed that: a general endemicity of arbovirus infections rather than sporadic epidemics, exists in the southern lowlands--large differences exist in geographical distribution of these viruses especially when comparing coastal areas of the southern, with those of the northern and north western parts of the island--in both arbovirus groups noticeable differences in altitude were observed ... | 1978 | 749276 |
| [various properties of continuous culture of mosquito cells]. | the possibility of cultivating a continuous line of aedes aegypti mosquito cells in mitsuhashi and maramorosh medium and medium c-45 was studied. the results of morphological, karyological, and electron microscopic studies of these cells as well as the results of the study of isoenzymes of a. aegypti mosquito cells are presented. replication of sindbis, okhotsky, and baku viruses in these cells was demonstrated. | 1978 | 749343 |
| study on the mechanism of interference between friend leukemia and sindbis viruses in tissue culture. | some mechanisms of interference developing in balb/c mouse embryo fibroblast culture (mec) infected with friend leukemia virus (flv) and 48 hours later superinfected with sindbis virus (sv) was studied. in flv-infected cells the amount of sv antigen formed was 2-3 times lower than in sv monoinfection, as indicated by immunofluorescence and cytofluorimetry. electron microscopic examination showed that in mixed infection the number of newly formed sv particles decreased markedly (by 90%) despite t ... | 1976 | 775350 |
| [clinical and epidemiologic significance of arboviruses in central europe]. | | 1976 | 794666 |
| [a rapid assay of sindbis virus infectivity by counting immunofluorescence foci in "aedes albopictus" cell culture (author's transl)]. | the aedes albopictus cell line is susceptible to numerous arboviruses but the appearance of cytopathic effect is observed mostly with flavivirus. a method of rapid titration of sindbis virus by counting immunofluorescent foci is described, using this cell line. | 1976 | 799476 |
| isolation of chikungunya virus contaminating an aedes albopictus cell line. | an aedes albopictus cell line was found contaminated with structures morphologically compatible with an alphavirus. rapid isolation of a cytopathic virus was effected by combining sonication, concentration with aquacide ii-r, rate zonal sedimentation and subsequent plating of fractions on vero cells under agar overlay. the virus caused neithedeath nor disease on inoculation into infant and adult mice. it produced a c.p.e. in vero and bhk 21 cells, and multiplied in singh's aedes aegypti cells. t ... | 1975 | 806659 |
| immune lysis of sindbis virus. | | 1975 | 808033 |
| requirements for the insertion of the sindbis envelope glycoproteins into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. | previous work has shown that the sindbis structural proteins, core, the internal protein, and pe2 and e1, the integral membrane glycoproteins are synthesized as a polyprotein from a 26s mrna; core pe2 and e1 are derived by proteolytic cleavage of a nascent chain. newly synthesized core protein remains on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum while newly synthesized pe2 and e1 are inserted into the lipid bilayer, presumably via their amino-termini. pe2 and e1 are glycosylated as nasce ... | 1979 | 479287 |
| [the length of polyadenylic acid tracts of sindbis virus rna: the possible existence of two synthetic mechanisms]. | the poly (a) tracts of rna's from viral particles and from replicative complex belong to two classes of 180 and of 60 nucleotides in length. those of the mrna are homogenous and around 280 nucleotides in length. the results presented here strongly suggest the possibility of a copying mechanism in the first case and of a posttranscriptional addition in the latter. | 1975 | 809185 |
| isolation and identification of group b arboviruses from the blood of birds captured in czechoslovakia. | three west nile (wn) virus strains were isolated from the blood of birds (tringa ochropus, vanellus vanellus and streptopenia turtur) captured in south slovakia. one strain of tick-borne encephalitis (te) virus was isolated from the blood of tringa ochropus captured in south moravia. | 1975 | 239564 |
| [comparative studies of two alphavirus by macroplaque assays and by a fluorescent focus method in vero cell lines (author's transl)]. | immune anti-sindbis and anti-chikungunya ascitic fluids have been titrated by the classic way of plaque reduction and by a quick fluorescent focus method using an indirect staining. the results are comparable, allowing to consider the use of this quick and inexpensive technic for counting-assays by neutralization. | 1976 | 828464 |
| [adaptation of a sindbis virus population to "drosophila melanogaster" (author's transl)]. | the evolution of a sindbis virus population during serial passages in drosophila has been studied. the adaptation of sindbis virus to this unusual host was achieved within about twenty passages. of course, the viral population went on evolving: a thermosensitive mutant appeared which excluded the original virus; later, a new type, different in plaques morphology, was observed: it did not exclude the former type but remained balanced with it. the adaptation of sindbis virus to drosophila was reve ... | 1976 | 828837 |
| proteins specified by togaviruses in infected aedes albopictus (singh) mosquito cells. | yields of greater than 10(7) p.f.u./ml at 28 or 37 degrees c of the alphavirus sindbis and the flavivirus kunjin were obtained in the aedes albopictus (singh) cell line, the latent periods being 4 to 6 and 10 to 12 h, respectively. despite a high background of host protein synthesis, virtually all the virus-specified proteins of the flaviviruses kunjin, dengue-2 and japanese encephalitis were labelled and resolved by slab gel electrophoresis of infected and uninfected cell proteins. in contrast, ... | 1979 | 479844 |
| heterologous interference in aedes albopictus cells infected with alphaviruses. | maximum amounts of 42s and 26s single-stranded viral rna and viral structural proteins were synthesized in aedes albopictus cells at 24 h after sindbis virus infection. thereafter, viral rna and protein syntheses were inhibited. by 3 days postinfection, only small quantities of 42s rna and no detectable 26s rna or structural proteins were synthesized in infected cells. superinfection of a. albopictus cells 3 days after sindbis virus infection with sindbis, semliki forest, una, or chikungunya alp ... | 1979 | 480461 |
| interferon induction by viruses. ii. sindbis virus: interferon induction requires one-quarter of the genome--genes g and a. | we have measured the amounts of interferon formed by chick cells 'aged' in vitro in response to different amounts of infectious wild-type sindbis virus. our results suggest that one plaque-forming unit is enough to induce maximum interferon formation. with higher m.o.i. the yield of interferon is less. to inactivate the interferon-inducing activity of sindbis virus, four times more u.v.-radiation was needed than to inactivate the infectivity of the virus. this suggests that only 25% of the virus ... | 1979 | 501335 |
| virulence of temperature-sensitive mutants of sindbis virus in neonatal mice. | the virulence in neonatal mice of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of sindbis virus was determined by measurements of mean survival time and 50% lethal dose after intracerebral injection. for 11 ts mutants, mean survival time was determined by the ribonucleic acid (rna) phenotype, rna+ mutants killing the mice sooner than rna- mutants for the same titer of virus injected. mortality caused by seven ts mutants was, with one exception, correlated with the proportion of revertants recovered after ... | 1979 | 528057 |
| defective interfering particles of sindbis virus. iv. virion rna species and molecular weight determination of defective double-stranded rna. | | 1977 | 841856 |
| defective interfering particles of sindbis virus. v. sequence relationships between svstd 42 s rna and intracellular defective viral rnas. | | 1977 | 841857 |
| sindbis virus rna replication. i. properties of the 38s rna species. | four species of single-stranded virus rna (49s, 38s, 33s and 26s) were detected in chick embryo fibroblasts infected with sindbis virus. the relative amounts of these rnas were unaffected by the m.o.i. there was also no significant difference in the molar proportions of the four rna species when purified virion rna was used as the inoculum. these findings suggest that the 38s and 33s species represent products of the transcription of non-defective virion rnas. kinetic analyses of rna synthesis i ... | 1979 | 528982 |
| evidence for the synthesis of defection interfering particles by aedes albopictus cells persistently infected with sindbis virus. | | 1977 | 855191 |
| a study of neucleotide sequence homology between the nucleic acids of different alphaviruses. | | 1977 | 860395 |
| immediate glycosylation of sindbis virus membrane proteins. | the mechanism by which the membrane proteins of sindbis virus are initially glycosylated during growth of the virus in chick cells was studied. the experiments suggest strongly that the two viral glycoproteins are glycosylated before release from the polysome, and that this glycosylation involves transfer of a large 1800 dalton oligosaccharide to the polypeptide chains. the donor of the oligosaccharide is most probably a lipid. | 1977 | 558830 |
| mutants of sindbis virus. iii. host polypeptides present in purified hr and ts103 virus particles. | the amounts of host-encoded protein present in purified sindbis virions of both the hr strain and of a mutant (ts103) which makes multicored particles were examined. cells were labeled with [35s]methionine before infection and with [3h]methionine postinfection. virions were purified by velocity sedimentation and isopycnic banding, and their polypeptides were examined by polyacrylamide gels in a sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing discontinuous buffer system. host prelabeled material was found prin ... | 1978 | 569218 |