| histochemical analysis of camv 35s promoter-beta-glucuronidase gene expression in transgenic rice plants. | the cauliflower mosaic virus promoter is commonly used to drive transcription of chimeric genes in transgenic plants, including the cereals. to determine the tissue and cell types of cereal plants that the promoter functions in, transgenic rice plants containing a camv 35s promoter/gus chimeric gene were analyzed for gus activity. insertion of a 35s/gus chimeric gene at low copy number into chromosomal dna of plants regenerated from electroporated protoplasts was confirmed by gel blot hybridizat ... | 1990 | 2102372 |
| characteristics of a strong promoter from figwort mosaic virus: comparison with the analogous 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus and the regulated mannopine synthase promoter. | a segment of dna from the genome of figwort mosaic virus (fmv) strain m3 possesses promoter activity when tested in electroporated protoplasts from, and transgenic plants of, nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi nc. the 1.1 kb dna segment, designated the '34s' promoter, is derived from a position on the fmv genome comparable to the position on the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) genome containing the 35s promoter. the 34s and 35s promoters show approximately 63% nucleotide homology in the tata, ccact, a ... | 1990 | 2102823 |
| quantitation of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase in transgenic tobacco plants by elisa and correlation with gene copy number. | a monoclonal antibody to chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) was used in an indirect competitive enzyme immunoassay (elisa) for the quantitation of cat in leaf extracts of eighteen transgenic tobacco plants containing the cat gene fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the elisa could be used to quantify cat when present in extracts at 20 ng/ml. enzymatic activity and electrophoretic mobility of cat in these extracts was not different from cat from escherichia coli. concentrati ... | 1990 | 2102836 |
| fos and jun oncogenes transactivate chimeric or native promoters containing ap1/gcn4 binding sites in plant cells. | the function of mammalian transcription factors of the leucine zipper class was investigated in leaf-derived protoplasts of tobacco. in transient expression experiments, fos and jun strongly activated chimeric promoters composed of the tata box region of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s transcript preceded by one to five copies of an ap1/gcn4 binding site. fos and jun also stimulated a wheat high molecular weight glutenin promoter in which similar binding sites are located more than 500 base pai ... | 1990 | 2136639 |
| role of propeptide glycan in post-translational processing and transport of barley lectin to vacuoles in transgenic tobacco. | mature barley lectin is a dimeric protein composed of two identical 18-kilodalton polypeptides. the subunits of barley lectin are initially synthesized as glycosylated proproteins, which are post-translationally processed to the mature protein preceding or concomitant with deposition of barley lectin in vacuoles. to investigate the functional role of the glycan in processing and intracellular transport of barley lectin to vacuoles, the sole n-linked glycosylation site residing within the cooh-te ... | 1990 | 2152118 |
| analysis of regulatory elements involved in the induction of two tobacco genes by salicylate treatment and virus infection. | tobacco genes encoding the pr-1a protein and a glycine-rich protein are expressed after treatment of plants with salicylate or infection with tobacco mosaic virus. upstream sequences of these genes were fused to reporter genes, and these constructs were used to transform tobacco. upstream sequences of the pr-1a gene of 689 base pairs or longer were sufficient for induction of the reporter gene in tobacco mosaic virus-inoculated leaves, systemically induced leaves from infected plants, and leaves ... | 1990 | 2152122 |
| mobility of the maize suppressor-mutator element in transgenic tobacco cells. | maize suppressor-mutator (spm) transposable elements have been introduced into tobacco cells and a visual assay for spm activity has been developed using a bacterial beta-glucuronidase gene. the spm element is mobile in tobacco and can trans-activate excision of a transposition-defective spm (dspm) element either from a different site on the same transforming ti plasmid or from a second plasmid. an spm element expressed from the stronger cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter trans-activates tran ... | 1989 | 2538837 |
| analysis of tomato polygalacturonase expression in transgenic tobacco. | tomato polygalacturonase is a cell wall enzyme secreted in large amounts during tomato fruit ripening. polygalacturonase is synthesized as a glycoprotein precursor that undergoes numerous cotranslational and post-translational processing steps during its maturation, yielding three isozymes in tomato fruit, pg1, pg2a, and pg2b. to investigate the physiological roles of the three isozymes and the functional significance of the polygalacturonase processing domains in its intracellular transport and ... | 1990 | 2152163 |
| cauliflower mosaic virus p35s promoter activity in escherichia coli. | we present evidence that the cauliflower mosaic virus promoter p35s can direct expression of the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase ii (nptii) gene in escherichia coli. transcription is initiated at several sites, the major one being located approximately 315 bases upstream of the plant start site. the nucleotide sequence directly preceding this start site is strongly homologous to the prokaryotic promoter consensus sequence. thus constructs designed for introduction into plants can be expres ... | 1990 | 2176717 |
| the cauliflower mosaic virus open reading frame vii product can be expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae but is not detected in infected plants. | antiserum was prepared against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the n-terminal 20 amino acids of the protein encoded by cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) open reading frame vii (orf vii). this antiserum was used to detect the expression of camv orf vii either in saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed by an expression vector containing camv orf vii or in camv-infected plants. only in s. cerevisiae has a 14-kilodalton protein been detected. | 1990 | 2186173 |
| analysis of the promotors of the single-copy genes for plastocyanin and subunit delta of the chloroplast atp synthase from spinach. | the promotors of the single-copy genes for subunit delta of the chloroplast atp synthase (atpd) and plastocyanin (pc) from spinach have been sequenced, dissected and analysed in transgenic f0 and f1 tobacco plants using the bacterial gus gene as a reporter for promotor activity. the transcription of these genes is photo-controlled. the results have been compared with those obtained for the spinach rbcs-1 gene, one of the light-regulated genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphospha ... | 1990 | 2194803 |
| an octopine synthase enhancer element directs tissue-specific expression and binds asf-1, a factor from tobacco nuclear extracts. | we have investigated the expression pattern conferred by a cis-regulatory element (-212 to -154) from the upstream region of the octopine synthase (ocs) gene in transgenic tobacco plants. analysis of beta-glucuronidase expression driven by the ocs regulatory element revealed a pattern that is tissue-specific and developmentally regulated. in young seedlings, expression is confined primarily to root tips. in older seedlings, expression is stronger and becomes apparent also in the shoot apex. inse ... | 1989 | 2562557 |
| functional expression of the leftward open reading frames of the a component of tomato golden mosaic virus in transgenic tobacco plants. | the genome of the geminivirus tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) consists of two circular dna molecules designated as components a and b. we have constructed nicotiana benthamiana plants that are transgenic for the three overlapping open reading frames, al1, al2, and al3, from the left side of tgmv a. in the transgenic plants, the al open reading frames are under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. in tgmv infectivity assays, seven of 10 transgenic lines complemented ... | 1989 | 2562559 |
| evolutionary conservation of transcriptional machinery between yeast and plants as shown by the efficient expression from the camv 35s promoter and 35s terminator. | complementation of fission yeast mutants by plant genomic libraries could be a promising method for the isolation of novel plant genes. one important prerequisite is the functioning of plant promoters and terminators in schizosaccharomyces pombe and saccharomyces cerevisiae. therefore, we studied the expression of the bacterial beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and 35s terminator. we show here that s. pombe initiates tran ... | 1990 | 2202523 |
| tissue-specific expression of the tmv coat protein in transgenic tobacco plants affects the level of coat protein-mediated virus protection. | transgenic tobacco plants were produced that express a chimeric gene encoding the coat protein (cp) of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) under the control of the promoter from a ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (rbcs) gene. plant lines expressing comparable levels of cp from the rbcs and cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoters were compared for resistance to tmv. in whole plant assays the 35s:cp constructs gave higher resistance than the rbcs:cp constructs. on the other hand, leaf mesophy ... | 1990 | 2238465 |
| gene vi of figwort mosaic virus (caulimovirus group) functions in posttranscriptional expression of genes on the full-length rna transcript. | experimental evidence for a molecular function for gene vi of the caulimoviruses is presented. based on experiments with the figwort mosaic virus (fmv), it appears that gene vi has a role in the posttranscriptional expression of the closely packed genes (vii and i-v), which appear on the larger, full-length rna transcript of this virus. gene vi with its flanking 5'/3' expression signals included as a separate plasmid during electroporation of dna into protoplasts of nicotiana edwardsonii shows a ... | 1989 | 2594762 |
| the complete sequence of soybean chlorotic mottle virus dna and the identification of a novel promoter. | the complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of soybean chlorotic mottle virus (soycmv) dna was determined and compared with those of three other caulimoviruses, cauliflower mosaic virus (camv), carnation etched ring virus and figwort mosaic virus. the double-stranded dna genome of soycmv (8,175 bp) contained nine open reading frames (orfs) and one large intergenic region. the primer binding sites, gene organization and size of orfs were similar to those of the other caulimoviruses, e ... | 1989 | 2602148 |
| vacuolar targeting and posttranslational processing of the precursor to the sweet potato tuberous root storage protein in heterologous plant cells. | sporamin, the tuberous root storage protein of the sweet potato, which is localized in vacuoles, is synthesized as a prepro-precursor with an n-terminal sequence of amino acids that includes a signal peptide and an additional pro-segment of 16 amino acids. a full-length cdna for sporamin was placed downstream of the 35 s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus and introduced into tobacco and sunflower genomes by ti plasmid-mediated transformation. a polypeptide of nearly the same size as mature spo ... | 1990 | 2246259 |
| molecular analysis of an aurea photosynthetic mutant (su/su) in tobacco: lhcp depletion leads to pleiotropic mutant phenotypes. | su is a nuclear encoded, semi-dominant aurea mutation in nicotiana tabacum l. the homozygous plants (su/su) are pale yellow and non-photosynthetic while the heterozygous (su/+) are photosynthetically competent and have a yellow-green phenotype which is distinct from that of green wild-type plants (+/+). we have examined the rna and protein levels for a number of nuclear and plastid encoded chloroplast proteins under high and low light plant growth conditions. under high light conditions, the lig ... | 1990 | 2249672 |
| enhancer sequences from arabidopsis thaliana obtained by library transformation of nicotiana tabacum. | in this paper we report on the use of a bidirectional enhancer cloning vehicle to isolate and characterize new enhancer sequences from arabidopsis thaliana. a library of a. thaliana genomic sau3a segments was constructed in escherichia coli in the binary plasmid enhancer cloning vehicle proa97. the t-dna based vector carries abbreviated tata regions from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s transcription unit upstream of two genes. the library was transferred via triparental mating into agrobacteriu ... | 1990 | 2250645 |
| variable patterns of expression of luciferase in transgenic tobacco leaves. | a carboxyl-terminally modified firefly luciferase, encoded as a gene fusion to the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (which confers kanamycin resistance), was found to be enzymatically active for both enzymes when expressed in bacteria and in transgenic plants. a military-type starlight vision system was used to conveniently analyze the pattern of gene expression in transgenic tobacco plant leaves. transgenic tobacco plants which expressed luciferase uniformly in all areas of the leaf, and assays ... | 1990 | 2251262 |
| effect of cpg methylation on gene expression in transfected plant protoplasts. | activity of the cat gene driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter has been assayed by transfecting petunia protoplasts with the puc8camvcat plasmid. in vitro methylation of this plasmid with m.hpaii (methylates c in ccgg sites) and m.hhai (methylates gcgc sites) did not affect bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) activity. it should be noted, however, that no hpaii or hhai sites are present in the promoter sequence. in contrast, in vitro methylation of the plasmid with th ... | 1990 | 2258051 |
| plant nuclear factor asf-1 binds to an essential region of the nopaline synthase promoter. | we have characterized a tobacco nuclear factor that binds to the -118 region of the nopaline synthase (nos) promoter from the ti plasmid of agrobacterium tumefaciens. the binding site for this factor, identified by dnase i footprinting, encompasses the region from -138 to -103 of the nos promoter. this region, which contains a potential z-dna-forming sequence, was previously shown to be essential for nos promoter activity in transgenic tobacco. a synthetic 21-base pair sequence from the protecte ... | 1990 | 2351681 |
| efficient functioning of plant promoters and poly(a) sites in xenopus oocytes. | mature xenopus oocytes were challenged with dna constructs including plant regulatory elements, namely, the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter as well as the nopaline synthase (nos) promoter and polyadenylation signal. the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) was used as a reporter gene. when microinjected into these cells, the plant-derived dna constructs effectively promoted cat synthesis in a manner dependent on the presence of the plant promoters and probably also on ... | 1989 | 2798133 |
| transcription factor iia of wheat and human function similarly with plant and animal viral promoters. | eucaryotic transcription initiation by rna polymerase ii involves protein:dna interactions during the formation of a transcription complex. in addition to rna polymerase ii there are at least five other general transcription factors necessary for initiation with the adenovirus major late promoter. one of these, tfiia, is involved in the earliest events during transcription complex assembly. we have purified tfiia from wheat germ and characterized it in an in vitro transcription system. wheat tfi ... | 1990 | 2362810 |
| differential inhibition of downstream gene expression by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna leader. | the effect of the 600 nucleotide-long camv 35s rna 5' leader sequence on the expression of downstream genes was analyzed both in plant protoplasts and in vitro. for transient expression studies in protoplasts derived from host and nonhost plants, the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene was fused to the initiation codon of orf vii. the leader sequence reduced cat expression two- to four-fold in protoplasts derived from three host species, but 10- to 50-fold in protoplasts deri ... | 1989 | 2815595 |
| introns increase gene expression in cultured maize cells. | using electroporation-mediated gene transfer, the gene encoding the slow (s) migrating polypeptide of the maize (zea mays l.) alcohol dehydrogenase-1 (adh1) enzyme has been introduced stably and transiently into maize cells containing an endogenous fast (f) adh1 electromorph. in stable transformants an 11.5-kb fragment was sufficient to program normal s expression relative to the endogenous f allele. in transient assays, adh1-s gene constructs lacking the 9 adh1-s intervening sequences (introns) ... | 1987 | 2828168 |
| seed-transmissible expression of mammalian metallothionein in transgenic tobacco. | a binary plasmid was constructed to contain the mouse metallothionein c-dna, the constitutive 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus, the polyadenylation signal from the pea rbcs-e9 gene and several selectable markers. the plasmid was transferred to agrobacterium tumefaciens and the leaf disc method was used to transform tobacco. callus and shoots were regenerated in the presence of kanamycin and transformed plants were obtained. southern, northern and western blot analysis demonstrated inte ... | 1988 | 2829879 |
| amino acid sequence homology in gag region of reverse transcribing elements and the coat protein gene of cauliflower mosaic virus. | a nucleic acid binding protein (nbp) derived from the gag gene of retroviruses that is thought to interact with genomic rna in virion cores, contains a highly conserved arrangement of cysteine residues. a search of available nucleic acid and protein sequences has revealed that the motif cysx2cysx4hisx4cys (nbpcys) is invarient in all replication competent retroviruses, a syrian hamster intracisternal a-particle gene, the drosophila retrotransposon copia and in cauliflower mosaic virus (camv). in ... | 1986 | 2418414 |
| overproduction of alfalfa glutamine synthetase in transgenic tobacco plants. | we have obtained transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the enzyme glutamine synthetase (gs) by fusing an alfalfa gs gene to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promotor and integrating it into nicotiana tabacum var. w38 plants by agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated gene transfer. the amount of rna specific to alfalfa gs was about 10 times higher in transgenic tobacco plants than in alfalfa. the alfalfa gs produced by these transgenic plants was identified by western blotting and represented 5% of ... | 1989 | 2475755 |
| regulation of plant genes specifically induced in nitrogen-fixing nodules: role of cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors in leghemoglobin gene expression. | transgenic alfalfa plants harboring a gene fusion between the soybean leghemoglobin (lbc3) promoter region and the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene were used to determine the influence of rhizobial mutants on lb gene expression in nodules. the promoter region of the sesbania rostrata glb3 (srglb3) leghemoglobin gene was examined for the presence of conserved motifs homologous to binding site 1 and 2 of the soybean lbc3 promoter region, found to interact with a trans-acting factor pr ... | 1989 | 2491659 |
| chimeric vector construction for higher-plant transformation. | a chimeric vector pkr612b1 was developed containing the neomycin phosphotransferase (aph) gene from the tn5 transposon under the control of the gene vi promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv), and was used to transform higher plant protoplasts. plasmid pdob612, the parental vector of pkr612b1, has two unique restriction sites, smai and bamhi, positioned just downstream of the camv gene vi promoter sequence. these unique cloning sites can be used for any kind of gene insertion into this vecto ... | 1985 | 3007300 |
| expression in plants of two bacterial antibiotic resistance genes after protoplast transformation with a new plant expression vector. | two bacterial antibiotic resistance genes, one coding for the neomycin phosphotransferase (npt i) from tn903, and the other coding for the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase from tn9 were used as plant selectable markers. both genes were introduced into the nicotiana tabacum genome in a new plant expression vector, using the direct gene transfer method. the vector pdh51, used in these experiments contains a plant expression unit as a movable cassette, consisting of the strong cauliflower mosaic v ... | 1986 | 3016666 |
| detection of a potential transcription control sequence on the cauliflower mosaic virus genome by dinucleotide primed "in vitro" transcription. | the three sites of selective dinucleotide-primed "in vitro" transcription initiation on a cloned cauliflower mosaic virus dna fragment have been localised by s1 nuclease mapping. two of these sites lie within a region which has been shown to be essential for transcription complex formation on the viral sequences, one corresponding to a nuclease s1 hypersensitive site and the other to an imperfect repeat 100bp downstream. these sequences show striking homology with known transcription control seq ... | 1986 | 3017314 |
| transient gene expression in electroporated solanum protoplasts. | electroporation was used to evaluate parameters important in transient gene expression in potato protoplasts. the protoplasts were from leaves of wild potato solanum brevidens, and from leaves, tubers and suspension cells of cultivated solanum tuberosum cv. désirée. reporter enzyme activity, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, depended on the field strength and the pulse duration used for electroporation. using field pul ... | 1989 | 2491668 |
| expression of a bacterial gene in transgenic tobacco plants confers resistance to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. | plants resistant to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) were produced through the genetic engineering of a novel detoxification pathway into the cells of a species normally sensitive to 2,4-d. we cloned the gene for 2,4-d monooxygenase, the first enzyme in the plasmid-encoded 2,4-d degradative pathway of the bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus, into a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter expression vector and introduced it into tobacco plants by agrobacterium-mediated transformatio ... | 1989 | 2491671 |
| escherichia coli lacz gene as a biochemical and histochemical marker in plant cells. | several lacz chimeric genes were constructed by fusing the truncated lacz sequence of escherichia coli to n-terminal sequences of few other genes. promoters used to direct expression of the chimeric genes were the promoter for 35s rna of cauliflower mosaic virus (p35s) as well as those of the small subunit gene of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and the octopine synthase gene. these constructs were introduced into tobacco cells using a ti plasmid of agrobacterium tumefaciens, and beta-galactos ... | 1988 | 3138164 |
| two tobacco dna-binding proteins with homology to the nuclear factor creb. | the 35s promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) contains a tandem repeat of the sequence tgacg in the region -83 to -63. this 21-base pair (bp) sequence, called as-1, is involved in root expression of the 35s promoter. when inserted in a promoter of a gene expressed specifically in photosynthetic tissues, as-1 confers high level expression in roots. we have described a factor, asf-1, that binds specifically to as-1 in vitro. there is a good correlation between asf-1 binding affinity to a ... | 1989 | 2528073 |
| multiple cis regulatory elements for maximal expression of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in transgenic plants. | the 35s promoter is a major promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus that infects crucifers. this promoter is still active when excised from cauliflower mosaic virus and integrated into the nuclear genome of transgenic tobacco. previous work has shown that the -343 to -46 upstream fragment is responsible for the majority of the 35s promoter strength (odell, j.t., nagy, f., and chua, n.-h. [1985]. nature 313, 810-812). here we show by 5', 3', and internal deletions that this upstream fragment can ... | 1989 | 2535461 |
| constitutive expression of pathogenesis-related proteins pr-1, grp, and pr-s in tobacco has no effect on virus infection. | samsun nn tobacco cells were transformed with chimeric genes for pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins derived from genomic (pr-1a, grp) or cdna (pr-s) clones under the transcriptional control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. regenerated plants were assayed by rna and protein gel blotting, and plants showing high specific expression of the inserted genes were selected for self-pollination and seed formation. inspection of second generation transformants showed that constitutive express ... | 1989 | 2535503 |
| a sunflower helianthinin gene upstream sequence ensemble contains an enhancer and sites of nuclear protein interaction. | genes encoding helianthinin, the major seed protein in sunflower, are highly regulated. we have identified putative cis-acting and trans-acting elements that may function in the control of helianthinin expression. a 404-base pair dna fragment on the sunflower helianthinin gene hag3d, located 322 base pairs from the transcriptional start site, enhanced beta-glucuronidase expression in transgenic tobacco embryos. sequences within this fragment were found to bind nuclear proteins present in both su ... | 1989 | 2535527 |
| asf-2: a factor that binds to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and a conserved gata motif in cab promoters. | we have used nuclear extracts prepared from tobacco leaf tissue to characterize a factor binding site, designated as-2 (activating sequence-2), at the -100 region of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the activity of this factor, called asf-2 (activating sequence factor-2), is not detected in tobacco root extracts. as-2 includes two gt motifs with sequence homology to the sv40 enhancer core a element and the box ii element of pea rbcs. nevertheless, oligomers of these sequence elements d ... | 1989 | 2535536 |
| molecular transformation of fusarium solani with an antibiotic resistance marker having no fungal dna homology. | a vector was constructed for transformation of the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium solani. the promoter 35sp, from cauliflower mosaic virus, was fused to the bacterial gene aph(3')ii, which confers resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotic g418. two transformation procedures were developed: one using isolated fungal protoplasts, the other using germinated fungal spores. a transformation frequency of 3.3 g418-resistant colonies were obtained per microgram dna. of 14 colonies analyzed, 12 had v ... | 1989 | 2550150 |
| cauliflower mosaic virus promoters direct efficient expression of a bacterial g418 resistance gene in schizosaccharomyces pombe. | a system is presented for transformation of the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe to resistance against the antibiotic g418. the bacterial resistance gene of the transposon tn5 is expressed under the control of promoters and transcription terminators from cauliflower mosaic virus (camv). the promoter of the s. pombe alcohol dehydrogenase gene has also been used. transformants can be selected directly on medium containing g418 (up to 1 mg/ml) due to inactivation of g418 by the tn5 gene prod ... | 1989 | 2558289 |
| specific modulation of the transcription of cloned avian vitellogenin ii gene by estradiol-receptor complex in vitro. | avian vitellogenin-cauliflower mosaic virus hybrid gene is effectively transcribed in vitro in the homologous embryonic liver nuclei system. the transcription of the hybrid gene is modulated by the addition of an estradiol-receptor preparation that has been shown to bind selectively to an upstream region of cloned vitellogenin gene. stimulation of the transcription of cloned vitellogenin hybrid gene by estradiol receptor is alpha-amanitin sensitive, hormone dependent, and promoter specific. simi ... | 1985 | 3856262 |
| cell-autonomous behavior of the rolc gene of agrobacterium rhizogenes during leaf development: a visual assay for transposon excision in transgenic plants. | we describe a genetic switch based on the ac transposable element of maize and the rolc gene of agrobacterium rhizogenes, a dominant gene, which has pleiotropic effects on plant growth and morphology. moreover, rolc gene expression under the control of the 35s cauliflower mosaic virus promoter decreases chlorophyll content in transgenic tobacco plants. chlorophyll is a visible cell-autonomous marker, and it is shown here that the reduction in chlorophyll content caused by the rolc gene product a ... | 1989 | 2562512 |
| abscisic acid-responsive sequences from the em gene of wheat. | we demonstrate that a chimeric gene containing the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene linked to a 646-base pair 5' fragment (-554 to +92) from the abscisic acid (aba)-regulated em gene from wheat is correctly expressed in transgenic tobacco. we observe high activity only in embryos of mature seeds, and immature seeds cultured on aba show enhanced expression. using a rice transient assay, we identify a 260-base pair fragment (-168 to +92) that accounts for the aba-specific 15-fold to 20-fold ... | 1989 | 2562556 |
| transient gene expression in aleurone protoplasts isolated from developing caryopses of barley and wheat. | methods have been developed for the isolation of aleurone protoplasts from developing caryopses of hordeum vulgare and triticum aestivum in order to study transient expression of introduced genes. chimaeric gene constructs were introduced into aleurone protoplasts by polyethylene glycol (peg). transient expression directed by the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) of the reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) was detected in aleurone protoplasts from devel ... | 1989 | 2562757 |
| phytochrome activation of two nuclear genes requires cytoplasmic protein synthesis. | we have investigated the effects of protein synthesis inhibitors on light-induced expression of two plant nuclear genes, cab and rbcs, in wheat, pea and transgenic tobacco. light activation of these two genes is very sensitive to cycloheximide, an inhibitor of cytoplasmic protein synthesis but not to chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of organellar protein synthesis. studies with chimeric gene constructs in transgenic tobacco seedlings show that cycloheximide exerts its effect at the transcriptional ... | 1989 | 2583082 |
| expression of proteinase inhibitors i and ii in transgenic tobacco plants: effects on natural defense against manduca sexta larvae. | genes containing the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter fused to open reading frames coding for tomato proteinase inhibitor i, tomato inhibitor ii, and potato inhibitor ii were expressed in transgenic tobacco plants. inhibitor i and ii proteins were identified by immunoblotting and quantified by immunoradial diffusion. both inhibitors exhibited the molecular weights found for the native proteins in their natural environments. extracts of leaves from transformed plants contained inhibitory act ... | 1989 | 2602379 |
| primary structural comparison of rna-dependent polymerases from plant, animal and bacterial viruses. | possible alignments for portions of the genomic codons in eight different plant and animal viruses are presented: tobacco mosaic, brome mosaic, alfalfa mosaic, sindbis, foot-and-mouth disease, polio, encephalomyocarditis, and cowpea mosaic viruses. since in one of the viruses (polio) the aligned sequence has been identified as an rna-dependent polymerase, this would imply the identification of the polymerases in the other viruses. a conserved fourteen-residue segment consisting of an asp-asp seq ... | 1984 | 6207485 |
| the nucleotide sequence of a soybean mosaic virus coat protein-coding region and its expression in escherichia coli, agrobacterium tumefaciens and tobacco callus. | a dna complementary to the 3'-terminal 1168 nucleotides of the genome of the n strain of soybean mosaic virus (smv) has been cloned and sequenced. cdna sequence and coat protein analyses indicate that the smv coat protein-coding region is at the 3' end of the genome, and that the coat protein is processed from a larger protein. the coat protein-coding sequence is predicted to be 795 nucleotides in length, encoding a protein of 265 amino acids with a calculated mr of 29,857. the 3' untranslated r ... | 1989 | 2661723 |
| infectivities of native and cloned dna of cauliflower mosaic virus. | infectivity assays on turnips reveal that (i) cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) dna, whether circular or linear, is as infectious as the complete virus; (ii) linear dna obtained with restriction enzymes from the native camv dna has the same specific infectivity as when first cloned in plasmid (pbr322) or bacteriophage (lambda gtwes) vectors and then restricted at the cloning site; (iii) in all cases studied mosaic symptoms are accompanied by virus production. dna isolated from these viruses is aga ... | 1980 | 6260583 |
| cauliflower mosaic virus produces an aspartic proteinase to cleave its polyproteins. | cauliflower mosaic virus (camv), a plant pararetrovirus, produces polyproteins from its adjacent genes for the coat protein (orf iv) and for enzymatic functions (orf v). the n-terminal domain of the latter gene includes a sequence showing homology to the active site of other retroviral and acid proteases. we have now shown that this domain does indeed produce a functional aspartic protease that can process both the polyproteins. mutations in the putative active site abolished virus infectivity. ... | 1989 | 2684630 |
| nuclear proteins binding to a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s truncated promoter. | proteins present in tobacco nuclear extracts bind to a truncated cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter fragment (from -90 to +2 relative to the transcription start site) in a sequence specific manner. gel mobility shift assays show the presence of two protein-dna complexes that are not competed by a -47/+2 promoter fragment. dnase i protection and dna methylation interference reveal two protected sites in the slower migrating complex; both include the pentamer tgacg, separated by a stretc ... | 1989 | 2770693 |
| the expression, localization, and effect of a human interferon in plants. | the orf ii of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) dna was replaced with the human ifn alpha d coding sequence to yield a stable camv strain designated ca524i. inoculation of turnip (brassica rapa cv "just right") with strain ca524i dna excised from plasmid pca524i resulted in the production of biologically active ifn alpha d in infected plants. this was also true for its mutant (ca562i) where one of the cys codons was deleted. ifn alpha d produced in planta did not hamper superinfection with a singl ... | 1989 | 2773316 |
| functional analysis of the 3' control region of the potato wound-inducible proteinase inhibitor ii gene. | proteinase inhibitor genes are expressed strongly in specific plant tissues under both developmental and environmental regulation. we have studied the role of the 3' control region of the potato proteinase inhibitor ii gene (pi-ii) that is inducible in leaves in response to herbivore attacks or other severe wounding. comparison of the terminator from the pi-ii gene with two different terminators from the 6b and 7 genes, driven by a common pi-ii promoter-cat fusion molecule, indicated that the pi ... | 1989 | 2535459 |
| nucleotide sequence of the phosphinothricin n-acetyltransferase gene from streptomyces viridochromogenes tü494 and its expression in nicotiana tabacum. | the phosphinothricin (pt) n-acetyltransferase gene (pat) of streptomyces viridochromogenes tü494 is located on a 0.8-kb bglii fragment [strauch et al., gene 63 (1988) 65-74]. by sequencing a 1.3-kb bglii-sstii fragment, an open reading frame representing the pat gene was found. it encodes a polypeptide of 183 amino acids with an mr of 20,621. the base composition of the pat gene is typical for streptomyces [70.1 mol% (g + c) in total and 93.5 mol% (g + c) in the third position]. translation of p ... | 1988 | 3240868 |
| gus fusions: beta-glucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants. | we have used the escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase gene (gus) as a gene fusion marker for analysis of gene expression in transformed plants. higher plants tested lack intrinsic beta-glucuronidase activity, thus enhancing the sensitivity with which measurements can be made. we have constructed gene fusions using the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter or the promoter from a gene encoding the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcs) to direct the expression of beta-gluc ... | 1987 | 3327686 |
| design and construction of a versatile system for the expression of foreign genes in plants. | we have built a series of vectors to allow the constitutive or light-regulated expression of foreign genes in plants. these vectors carry expression cassettes consisting of either the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter or the pea rbcs-e9 promoter, a multiple cloning site derived from m13um20, and the rbcs-e9 polyadenylation site. these cassettes have been incorporated into pbr322-based or rk2-based replicons to facilitate direct dna uptake or agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer. ... | 1987 | 3443303 |
| oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis of cauliflower mosaic virus dna using a repair-resistant nucleoside analogue: identification of an agnogene initiation codon. | mutation of the initiation codon of the dispensible open reading frame, orf vii, of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) delayed the appearance of disease symptoms, but the mutants reverted with high frequency. this suggests a role of this start codon in viral expression. oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, utilizing a novel, repair-resistant deoxyguanosine analogue, 2'-deoxy-7-deazainosine (ddi), highly improved the yield of mutants. | 1986 | 3519365 |
| sequence of figwort mosaic virus dna (caulimovirus group). | the nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of figwort mosaic virus (fmv) was determined using the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method. the double-stranded dna genome (7743 base pairs) contained eight open reading frames (orfs), seven of which corresponded approximately in size and location to the orfs found in the genome of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) and carnation etched ring virus (cerv). orfs i and v of fmv demonstrated the highest degrees of nucleotide and amino acid sequence ... | 1987 | 3671088 |
| molecular and general genetics of a hybrid foreign gene introduced into tobacco by direct gene transfer. | two clones of n. tabacum, transformed to kanamycin resistance by direct transfer to protoplasts of a hybrid gene, consisting of the protein coding region from the bacterial gene for aminoglycoside phosphotransferase under the control of 5'/3' expression signals from cauliflower mosaic virus gene vi, in the bacterial plasmid puc8, have been subjected to a detailed genetic crossing analysis accompanied by southern blot analysis and enzyme activity assays of representative offspring. the genetic da ... | 1985 | 3860712 |
| identification of dna sequences required for activity of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. | although promoter regions for many plant nuclear genes have been sequenced, identification of the active promoter sequence has been carried out only for the octopine synthase promoter. that analysis was of callus tissue and made use of an enzyme assay. we have analysed the effects of 5' deletions in a plant viral promoter in tobacco callus as well as in regenerated plants, including different plant tissues. we assayed the rna transcription product which allows a more direct assessment of deletio ... | 1985 | 3974711 |
| expression of a putative plant viral gene in escherichia coli. | a recombinant plasmid, pcb300, was constructed which carries a cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) dna insert corresponding to nucleotides 1825-2280, including the coding sequence (1830-2219) of open reading frame iii (orf iii). this camv dna insert was fused with the amino-terminal portion of the beta-galactosidase gene. transcription of the hybrid gene is controlled by the lac promoter, which is repressed in escherichia coli strain jm103 and can be induced by isopropylthio-beta-d-galactoside (iptg ... | 1984 | 6098536 |
| inhibition of brome mosaic virus (bmv) amplification in protoplasts from transgenic tobacco plants expressing replicable bmv rnas. | transgenic tobacco plants (v123 plants) expressing a set of full-length brome mosaic virus (bmv) genomic rnas from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter were produced. the accumulation level of bmv rnas in v123 plant cells was approximately 1% of that in nontransgenic tobacco protoplasts inoculated with bmv rnas. the level of bmv rna in v123 protoplasts did not increase after inoculating the protoplasts with bmv rnas, whereas v123 protoplasts supported the accumulation of cucumber mosaic vir ... | 1995 | 7595390 |
| a cauliflower mosaic virus promoter directs expression of kanamycin resistance in morphogenic transformed plant cells. | the promoter region of the camv inclusion body protein gene was modified for use in chimeric gene fusions. the modified promoter was used to construct a selectable marker for plant transformation based on the tn 5 kanamycin resistance gene. this chimeric selectable marker was introduced into plant cells using oncogenic and deoncogenized strains of agrobacterium tumefaciens. both types of transformation produced kanamycin-resistant cell lines. the resistant cell lines derived from the deoncogeniz ... | 1984 | 6099400 |
| dna transfer from agrobacterium to zea mays or brassica by agroinfection is dependent on bacterial virulence functions. | dna transfer from agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil bacterium, to the non-host graminaceous monocotyle-donous plant zea mays, was analysed using the recently developed technique of agroinfection. agroinfection of z. mays with maize streak virus using strains of a. tumefaciens carrying mutations in the ptic58 virulence region showed an almost absolute dependence on the products of the bacterial virc genes. in contrast, agroinfection of the control host brassica rapa with cauliflower mosaic virus ... | 1989 | 2770696 |
| site-specific mutations alter in vitro factor binding and change promoter expression pattern in transgenic plants. | the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) is able to confer high-level gene expression in most organs of transgenic plants. a cellular factor from pea and tobacco leaf tissue, which recognizes nucleotides in a tandemly repeated tgacg motif at the -75 region of this promoter, has been detected by dnase i footprinting and gel retardation assays. this factor is named activation sequence factor 1 (asf-1). a cellular factor binding to the two tgacg motifs can also be detected in tobacco roo ... | 1989 | 2813365 |
| tn10-encoded tet repressor can regulate an operator-containing plant promoter. | the tn10-encoded tet repressor-operator system was used to regulate transcription from the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. expression was monitored in a transient assay system by using electric field-mediated gene transfer ("electroporation") into tobacco protoplasts. the tet repressor, being expressed in the plant cells under the control of eukaryotic transcription signals, blocks transcription of a camv 35s promoter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) fusion gene when the two ... | 1988 | 2830617 |
| nucleotide sequence characterization of ty 1-17, a class ii transposon from yeast. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of a class ii yeast transposon (ty 1-17) which is found just centromere-distal to the leu2 structural gene on chromosome iii of saccharomyces cerevisiae. the complete element is 5961 bp long and is bounded by two identical, directly repeated, delta sequences of 332 bp each. the sequence organization indicates that ty 1-17 is a retrotransposon, like the class i elements characterized previously. it contains two long open reading-frames, tya (439 amino ac ... | 1985 | 2997719 |
| expression of aequorea green fluorescent protein in plant cells. | the coding region of the green fluorescent protein (gfp) from aequorea victoria has been fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and introduced into maize leaf protoplasts. transient expression of gfp was observed. in addition, the coding region of gfp was fused to an arabidopsis heat shock promoter and co-transformed with another construct in which gfp has been replaced with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). the heat-induced expression of gfp in maize protoplasts parallels tha ... | 1995 | 7649282 |
| immunological detection of cauliflower mosaic virus gene v protein produced in engineered bacteria or infected plants. | antiserum was prepared against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the c-terminal 25 amino acids (aa) of the protein encoded by cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) gene v, which is thought to be a reverse transcriptase involved in viral dna replication. this antiserum was used to detect the expression of camv gene v either in escherichia coli jm103 transformed by an expression vector containing camv gene v or in camv-infected plants. in both cases, an 80-kdal protein has been detected. | 1985 | 3000879 |
| expression vectors based on the agrobacterium rhizogenes ri plasmid transformation system. | this article describes several new expression vectors that capitalize on the ability of agrobacterium rhizogenes to transfer dna from its ri plasmid to the plant nuclear genome. the intermediate vectors described include an expression cassette based on one of the three following promoters: the nopaline synthase promoter, or the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) promoters responsible for transcription of either the 19s or 35s camv rna. the termination and polyadenylation signals are either from the ... | 1987 | 3111548 |
| matching nucleotide sequences of human antibodies with other known sequences. | from an evolutionary point of view, the complementarity-determining regions of antibodies are distinct from other proteins including the framework regions of antibodies. a search for identical nucleotide sequences of eighty-four 15 consecutive bp in the complementary-determining regions of human antibody heavy chains with other known sequences yielded four matches: two sequential 15-bp matches, or one 16-bp match, with the coding region of a sea-urchin testis histone h2b-2, one 15-bp match with ... | 1988 | 3136277 |
| relative strengths of the 35s cauliflower mosaic virus, 1', 2', and nopaline synthase promoters in transformed tobacco sugarbeet and oilseed rape callus tissue. | the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus and promoters from the nopaline synthase, 1' and 2' genes of agrobacterium tumefaciens t-dna were fused to the bacterial octopine synthase and chitinase gene coding regions. these chimaeric gene constructions were introduced into tobacco, sugarbeet and oilseed rape cells and their relative levels of expression measured by primer extension analysis of rna isolated from pooled populations of stably transformed calli. in tobacco callus, the 35s promoter ... | 1988 | 3163765 |
| cauliflower mosaic virus 35 s rna leader region inhibits translation of downstream genes. | the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35 s rna is a full-length transcript of the viral genome. it encodes the genes vii and i-v, arranged in tandem along the rna, preceded by a long leader region (600 bases) containing many short open reading frames. we have examined the effects of the leader and the first gene (gene vii) on downstream gene i translation in vitro and in an in vivo transient expression system (carrot protoplasts). rnas from constructs containing the intact leader, and from various ... | 1988 | 3188393 |
| restriction map of native and cloned cauliflower mosaic virus dna. | cloned camv dna replicates faithfully in escherichia coli, since the restriction map of the cloned dna can be superimposed over that of the native viral dna. however, some short fragments were difficult to detect in the restricted native viral dna, whereas they formed clear bands when derived from cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) dna clones propagated in the e. coli host. apparently, the small fragments that carry variable-length single-stranded gaps present only in native viral dna, give rise to ... | 1980 | 7002732 |
| the non-rnase h domain of saccharomyces cerevisiae rnase h1 binds double-stranded rna: magnesium modulates the switch between double-stranded rna binding and rnase h activity. | eukaryotic ribonucleases h of known sequence are composed of an rnase h domain similar in size and sequence to that of escherichia coli rnase hi and additional domains of unknown function. the rnase h1 of saccharomyces cerevisiae has such an rnase h domain at its c-terminus. here we show that the n-terminal non-rnase h portion of the yeast rnase h1 binds tightly to double-stranded rna (dsrna) and rna-dna hybrids even in the absence of the rnase h domain. two copies of a sequence with limited sim ... | 1995 | 7489497 |
| sequence homology between retroviral reverse transcriptase and putative polymerases of hepatitis b virus and cauliflower mosaic virus. | in infected cells, the rna genomes of rna tumour viruses are copied into dna by a virus-encoded reverse transcriptase enzyme. this transfer of information from rna into dna was thought to be a unique feature of rna tumour viruses, but recent results suggest it may be a more general strategy. hepatitis b virus (hbv) has a double-stranded dna genome, and it has recently been shown that the minus dna strand of the hbv genome is copied from a plus-strand rna template, leading to the suggestion that ... | 1983 | 6195530 |
| asymmetric transcription of cauliflower mosaic virus genome by the escherichia coli rna polymerase in vitro. | | 1980 | 6250888 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of cauliflower mosaic virus by m13mp7 shotgun sequencing. | we have determined the complete primary structure (8031 base pairs) of an infectious clone of cauliflower mosaic virus strain cm1841. the sequence was obtained using the strategy of cloning shotgun restriction fragments in the sequencing vector m13mp7. comparison of the cm1841 sequence with that published for another camv strain (strasbourg) reveals 4.4% changes, mostly nucleotide substitutions with a few small insertions and deletions. the six open reading frames in the sequence of the strasbou ... | 1981 | 6269062 |
| mutagenesis of cauliflower mosaic virus. | a series of insertion mutants of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) dna has been constructed in vitro. these insertions consist of a short dna sequence (10 or 22 bp) containing a restriction endonuclease site (smai) not represented on the viral dna. viral infectivity was analyzed by inoculating plants with the mutated cloned viral dna and observing symptoms. insertions within orfvii, and in one site within the large intergenic region, did not interfere with viral infectivity, whilst insertions with ... | 1983 | 6319236 |
| a dna polymerase activity is associated with cauliflower mosaic virus. | a dna polymerase activity is found within the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) particle. analysis of the reaction product reveals that the linear form of the virion dna is preferentially labelled. the molecular weight of the dna polymerase as determined on an "activity gel" is 76 kda. | 1984 | 6514573 |
| the application of spot hybridization to the detection of dna and rna viruses in plant tissues. | a solid-phase nucleic acid hybridization technique for the detection of dna and rna viruses in plant tissues is described. the method involves spotting crude samples onto nitrocellulose and using 12p-labelled dna hybridization probes. the limit of sensitivity is 5-20 pg virus/spot or approximately 5 micrograms/g leaf tissue. the method is quantitative for dna viruses in crude homogenates, but not for rna viruses. the amount of cauliflower mosaic virus in infected leaves and protoplasts was estim ... | 1983 | 6863467 |
| activity of the yeast flp recombinase in arabidopsis. | the coding sequence for flp recombinase, originally from the 2 mu plasmid of saccharomyces cerevisiae, was introduced into arabidopsis behind the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. flp activity was monitored by the glucuronidase activity resulting from inversion of an antisense-oriented gus reporter gene flanked by a pair of frt target sites in inverted repeat. flp-dependent gus activity was observed in both transient assays and transgenic plants. the flp system will be useful for a variety ... | 1995 | 7548830 |
| correct processing of the kiwifruit protease actinidin in transgenic tobacco requires the presence of the c-terminal propeptide. | a 355 cauliflower mosaic virus promoter and a tapetum-specific promoter were used to direct the synthesis in tobacco of preproactinidin and a derivative that lacked a c-terminal extension. preproactinidin was processed into a form that migrated identically on protein gels with mature actinidin extracted from kiwifruit. this protein was proteolytically active in vitro, and high-level accumulation of this protein appeared to be detrimental to plant growth. plants expressing an actinidin cdna const ... | 1995 | 7784505 |
| molecular and genetic analysis of nitrite reductase co-suppression in transgenic tobacco plants. | silencing of nia host genes and transgenes (encoding nitrate reductase) was previously achieved by introducing into tobacco plants the tobacco nia2 cdna cloned downstream of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. to check whether nii host genes and transgenes (encoding nitrite reductase, the second enzyme of the nitrate assimilation pathway) were also susceptible to silencing, a transgene consisting of the tobacco nii1 gene with two copies of the enhancer of the 35s promoter cloned 1 ... | 1995 | 7565593 |
| composite structure of auxin response elements. | the auxin-responsive soybean gh3 gene promoter is composed of multiple auxin response elements (auxres), and each auxre contributes incrementally to the strong auxin inducibility to the promoter. two independent auxres of 25 bp (d1) and 32 bp (d4) contain the sequence tgtctc. results presented here show that the tgtctc element in d1 and d4 is required but not sufficient for auxin inducibility in carrot protoplast transient expression assays. additional nucleotides upstream of tgtctc are also req ... | 1995 | 7580254 |
| insertional mutagenesis of the cauliflower mosaic virus genome. | a series of small insertions has been introduced into the various translational reading frames of the dna of a "severe" strain of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv). a selectable gene (the kanamycin phosphotransferase gene of tn903), flanked by a series of symmetrically arranged cloning sites taken from m13mp7, was used to prepare the site-specific mutants. in-phase insertions of 12 or 30 bp, which introduced unique sali sites into reading regions i, iii, iv, v and into the amino-proximal portion o ... | 1983 | 6363213 |
| a member of the tomato pto gene family confers sensitivity to fenthion resulting in rapid cell death. | leaves of tomato cultivars that contain the pto bacterial resistance locus develop small necrotic lesions within 24 hr after exposure to fenthion, an organophosphorous insecticide. recently, the pto gene was isolated and shown to be a putative serine/threonine protein kinase. pto is one member of a multigene family that is clustered within a 400-kb region on chromosome 5. here, we report that another member of this gene family, termed fen, is responsible for the sensitivity to fenthion. fen was ... | 1994 | 7827490 |
| expression of a plant viral polycistronic mrna in yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae, mediated by a plant virus translational transactivator. | we demonstrate that the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) gene vi product can transactivate the expression of a reporter gene in bakers' yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae. the gene vi coding sequence was placed under the control of the galactose-inducible promoter gal1, which is presented in the yeast shuttle vector pyes2, to create plasmid js169. we also created a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter plasmid, js161, by inserting the cat reporter gene in-frame into camv gene ii and subse ... | 1995 | 7568042 |
| visualization of site-specific recombination catalyzed by a recombinase from zygosaccharomyces rouxii in arabidopsis thaliana. | excision of a dna segment can occur in arabidopsis thaliana by reciprocal recombination between two specific recombination sites (rss) when the recombinase gene (r) from zygosaccharomyces rouxii is expressed in the plant. to monitor recombination events, we generated several lines of transgenic arabidopsis plants that carried a cryptic beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene which was designed in such a way that expression of the reporter gene could be induced by r gene-mediated recombination. we ... | 1995 | 7616956 |
| [comparison between hepatitis b virus and cauliflower mosaic virus, which have gap structure in the genomic dna]. | | 1994 | 7856118 |
| an oleate 12-hydroxylase from ricinus communis l. is a fatty acyl desaturase homolog. | recent spectroscopic evidence implicating a binuclear iron site at the reaction center of fatty acyl desaturases suggested to us that certain fatty acyl hydroxylases may share significant amino acid sequence similarity with desaturases. to test this theory, we prepared a cdna library from developing endosperm of the castor-oil plant (ricinus communis l.) and obtained partial nucleotide sequences for 468 anonymous clones that were not expressed at high levels in leaves, a tissue deficient in 12-h ... | 1995 | 7624314 |
| a conditional negative selection for arabidopsis expressing a bacterial cytosine deaminase gene. | the enzyme activity for cytosine deaminase, which converts cytosine to uracil in bacterial, is usually undetected in higher plants and animals. the enzyme also catalyzes conversion of non-toxic 5-fluorocytosine (5-fc) to 5- fluorouracil (5-fu), a toxic compound for plant growth. the gene encoding cytosine deaminase (coda) from escherichia coli was fused to cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter (p35s), and cloned into a binary vector plabr101. the resulting plasmid plabr102 contained two m ... | 1995 | 7632443 |
| a plant basal in vitro system supporting accurate transcription of both rna polymerase ii- and iii-dependent genes: supplement of green leaf component(s) drives accurate transcription of a light-responsive rbcs gene. | an in vitro transcription initiation system has been developed from nuclei of rapidly growing, non-green tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) cultured (by-2) cells. conditions for nuclear extraction and in vitro transcription reaction have been optimized with a tobacco beta-1,3-glucanase gene, a constitutively expressed gene in by-2 cells. the in vitro system supports accurate transcription of rna polymerase ii-dependent promoters from not only plant genes (tobacco beta-1,3-glucanase gene, cauliflower mo ... | 1995 | 7889933 |
| dark induction and subcellular localization of the pathogenesis-related prb-1b protein. | the prb-1b gene codes for a basic-type pathogenesis-related protein of the pr-1 family of tobacco. prb-1b mrna accumulation is induced in response to biotic and abiotic elicitors, such as tmv, ethylene, salicylic acid, alpha-amino butyric acid and darkness. in order to determine the location of elements that control dark-regulated prb-1b gene expression, we tested promoter, transcribed regions and 3'-downstream regions of the gene for their ability to respond to dark induction in transgenic toba ... | 1995 | 7632922 |
| processing and secretion of a virally encoded antifungal toxin in transgenic tobacco plants: evidence for a kex2p pathway in plants. | ustilago maydis is a fungal pathogen of maize. some strains of u. maydis encode secreted polypeptide toxins capable of killing other susceptible strains of u. maydis. we show here that one of these toxins, the kp6 killer toxin, is synthesized by transgenic tobacco plants containing the viral toxin cdna under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus promoter. the two components of the kp6 toxin, designated alpha and beta, with activity and specificity identical to those found in toxin secreted b ... | 1995 | 7647561 |
| a dominant negative mutant of pg13 suppresses transcription from a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s truncated promoter in transgenic tobacco plants. | tga1a and pg13 constitute a family of tobacco basic leucine zipper (bzip) proteins that bind to activating sequence-1 (as-1), which is one of the multiple regulatory cis elements of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. after truncation of the camv 35s promoter down to position -90 (camv 35s [-90] promoter), transcription stringently depends on the presence of as-1, which is recognized by nuclear dna binding proteins called asf-1. the role of the tga1a/pg13 bzip family in the formati ... | 1994 | 7919980 |