| identification and nucleotide sequence of a gene in feline herpesvirus type 1 homologous to the herpes simplex virus gene encoding the glycoprotein h. | a gene encoding the glycoprotein h (gh) homologue of feline herpesvirus type 1 was identified and sequenced. it was located immediately downstream of the thymidine kinase gene within an ecori 6.6 kbp fragment. in addition, a partial ul21 homologous gene was located downstream of the gh homologous gene. the primary translation product of the gh homologous gene is predicted to consist of 821 amino acids with a molecular weight of 92.5 kda. it possesses several characteristics typical of transmembr ... | 1993 | 8394688 |
| detection of active and latent feline herpesvirus 1 infections using the polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to detect the thymidine kinase gene of feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) and to study the active and latent carrier state in a group of naturally fhv-1 infected specific pathogen free (spf) cats. the detection limit of pcr products on ethidium bromide stained gels was 390 fg or about 3 x 10(3) copies of the fhv-1 genome. the pcr was 25% more sensitive than conventional cell culture based virus isolation techniques in detecting fhv-1 in oral/ocular ... | 1993 | 8397503 |
| construction of the recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 deleted thymidine kinase gene. | we constructed a recombinant virus containing defined deletion within thymidine kinase (tk) gene from feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) c7301, which was isolated in japan, by standard rescue procedures with thymidine arabinoside (arat) selection. the arat resistant recombinant virus was designated as c7301dltk. southern blot analysis, together with polymerase chain reaction, revealed a deletion with the expected size, based on agarose gel electrophoresis, of the tk gene region in the c7301dltk. ... | 1995 | 8519903 |
| a feline herpesvirus-1 recombinant with a deletion in the genes for glycoproteins gi and ge is effective as a vaccine for feline rhinotracheitis. | using a site-directed mutagenesis technique we constructed a new feline herpesvirus-1 recombinant strain containing a deletion in two genes encoding glycoproteins gi and ge. these proteins may have a role in virulence, the establishment of latency, and viral recurrence as shown in other herpesviruses of the varicella and simplex types. this recombinant was characterized and used to immunize juvenile cats against virulent virus challenge. significant protection resulted from vaccination of cats b ... | 1995 | 8525607 |
| gene organization in the ul region and inverted repeats of the canine herpesvirus genome. | restriction mapping and the determination of scattered nucleotide sequences have permitted a description of the global structure and evolutionary affinities of the canine herpesvirus (chv) genome. the global structure closely resembles that of the totally sequenced genomes of varicella-zoster virus and equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) in having a 37 bp inverted repeat flanking a long unique region (ul) of approximately 100,000 bp, and a 10,100-10,700 bp inverted repeat flanking a short unique region ... | 1996 | 8558127 |
| molecular interactions between retroviruses and herpesviruses. | human and animal herpesviruses are able to stimulate gene expression of various human and animal retroviruses and the activation appears to be a common theme. it is of interest why the retroviruses can be commonly activated by herpesviruses despite clear diversities in each mechanism for retrovirus gene expression. in this review, three typical examples of the interactions; human immunodeficiency virus and human herpesviruses, avian retroviruses and marek's disease virus, and feline immunodefici ... | 1995 | 8593284 |
| expression and identification of the feline herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein b (gp143/108). | the gene for feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) glycoprotein b (gb) has been cloned into an expression vector, prvsvneo, containing the long terminal repeat of rous sarcoma virus and polyadenylation signal of sv40. this expression vector containing fhv-1 gb gene, prvsvgbneo, was transfected into crandell feline kidney (crfk) cells which are susceptible to fhv-1 infection. by indirect immunofluorescence analysis, the expressed gb was recognized with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against ... | 1995 | 8607284 |
| parasite prevalence in free-ranging farm cats, felis silvestris catus. | no animals tested were positive for feline leukemia virus antigen and chlamydia psittaci antibodies, but all were positive for antibodies to feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv1) and rotavirus. they had antibodies to feline parvovirus (96%), feline coronavirus (84% and cowpox virus (2%). antibody to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was found in 53% of animals, which were less likely to be infected with haemobartonella felis, and had higher fhv antibody titres than cats without ... | 1996 | 8620914 |
| pathogenicity and vaccine efficacy of a thymidine kinase-deficient mutant of feline herpesvirus type 1 in cats. | we constructed a recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) which was deleted in a defined region (450 bp) within the thymidine kinase (tk) gene (c7301dltk) [yokoyama et al. (1995) j vet med sci 57: 709-714]. in this report, we carried out two experiments to assess the pathogenicity and vaccine efficacy of the recombinant c7301dltk in cats. the first experiment showed that, following multiple inoculation of the recombinant c7301dltk by intraocular, intranasal and oral routes, the virus was su ... | 1996 | 8645090 |
| glycoproteins gl and ge of feline herpesvirus-1 are virulence genes: safety and efficacy of a gl-ge deletion mutant in the natural host. | feline rhinotracheitis virus (frv) is an important upper respiratory tract pathogen of cats. frv is a member of the subfamily alphaherpesvirinae and is designated feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1). besides upper respiratory clinical signs, fhv-1 may cause generalized infections in neonates or abortions in pregnant queens. recently we described a recombinant fhv-1 strain with a deletion in the genes for glycoproteins gl and ge (fhb beta-galglge delta) and reported that cats vaccinated subcutaneously w ... | 1996 | 8661381 |
| the feline herpesvirus type 1 icp4 down-regulates feline immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat (ltr)-directed gene expression via the c/ebp site in the ltr. | we investigated effects of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) icp4 on feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) long terminal repeat (ltr)-directed gene expression by transient transfection assay in crandell feline kidney cells. we demonstrated that fhv-1 icp4 significantly stimulates the fiv ltr after introduction of site-specific mutation of the c/ebp site in the ltr, and the c/ebp site is sufficient to confer inhibitory effects by fhv-1 icp4 on a heterologous promoter. these results indicate that fh ... | 1995 | 8720064 |
| regulatory properties of the integrated long terminal repeat of the feline immunodeficiency virus. | to examine the regulatory properties of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) long terminal repeat (ltr) integrated into host chromatin, crandell feline kidney cells were stably transfected with the fiv ltr that directs the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene. using these cells, we examined the effects of treatment with several chemical agents, infection with feline viruses, or transfection with effector plasmids expressing fiv gene products on fiv ltr-directed gene expression. ... | 1996 | 8738180 |
| evaluation of subunit vaccines against feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | subunit vaccines prepared against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection were evaluated in two trials. first, cats were immunized with bacterial expression products of an envelope fragment that contained the v3 neutralization domain of the fiv surface protein fused to either galactokinase (k-su3) or glutathione-s-transferase (g-su3). quantitative and qualitative differences in the humoral immune response were observed with three adjuvants of which quil a was the best in terms of total and ... | 1996 | 8744554 |
| biosynthesis of glycoproteins e and i of feline herpesvirus: ge-gi interaction is required for intracellular transport. | the biosynthesis of glycoproteins e and i of feline herpesvirus was studied by using the vaccinia virus vtf7-3 expression system. ge and gi were synthesized as n-glycosylated, endoglycosidase h (endoh)-sensitive precursors with mrs of 83,000 and 67,000, respectively. when coexpressed, ge and gi formed sodium dodecyl sulfate-sensitive hetero-oligomeric complexes that were readily transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (er). concomitantly, the glycoproteins acquired extensive posttranslational ... | 1996 | 8764058 |
| in vivo properties of a feline herpesvirus type 1 mutant carrying a lacz insertion at the gi locus of the unique short segment. | the major cause of upper respiratory tract disease in cats in the feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1). fhv-1 replicates predominantly in the mucosal epithelium of the oral and nasal cavities, local immunity should therefore be the key target for vaccine development. recombinant dna technology enables accurate manipulation of the genetic content of the fhv-1 genome, hopefully resulting in a next generation of safe vaccine strains that can be used intranasally in cats. integration of a reporter gene ... | 1996 | 8821641 |
| characterization of the feline herpesvirus type 1 immediate early gene expression. | we analyzed the mechanism for feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) immediate early (ie) gene expression. we demonstrated that (i) the transcription initiation site of the fhv-1 ie transcript lies in the putative fhv-1 icp4 binding site, (ii) the fhv-1 ie transcript is spliced to remove 906 bp intron from the leader region, (iii) cis-acting elements of the fhv-1 ie promoter map both down- and upstream of the transcription initiation site, and (iv) a deletion of a 58 bp sequence which includes the pu ... | 1996 | 8877967 |
| identification and nucleotide sequence of the thymidine kinase gene of canine herpesvirus. | this paper presents the entire nucleotide sequence of the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of canine herpesvirus (chv). the gene was located within a 2.1 kbp ecorv fragment by southern-blot hybridization with a probe derived from the known feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) tk gene. an open reading frame (orf) of 987 nucleotides, capable of encoding a tk translation product of 328 amino acids, was identified. alignment of the predicted amino acid sequence of the chv tk with other herpesvirus tks reveal ... | 1996 | 8879135 |
| vaccination against feline leukaemia using a new feline herpesvirus type 1 vector. | a recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) was constructed expressing the envelope glycoprotein gene from feline leukaemia virus (felv). the expression cassette containing the long terminal repeat promoter from rous sarcoma virus was stably integrated at the locus downstream of the gc homologue in fhv-1. oronasal vaccination with recombinant fhv-1 engendered significant protection against challenge with the homologous felv-a/glasgow-1 isolate. three of four vaccinated cats did not become vi ... | 1996 | 9014292 |
| gazelle herpesvirus 1: a new neurotropic herpesvirus immunologically related to equine herpesvirus 1. | a herpesvirus was isolated from thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsoni) kept at a zoological garden in japan during an outbreak of epizootic acute encephalitis. the virus, gazelle herpesvirus 1 (ghv-1), was serologically related to equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1). however, dna fingerprints of ghv-1 were different from those of ehv-1 and other equine herpesviruses. southern hybridization with probes of cloned bamhi fragments derived from ul and us segments of ehv-1 revealed differences in the dna restr ... | 1997 | 9015181 |
| expression and properties of feline herpesvirus type 1 gd (hemagglutinin) by a recombinant baculovirus. | we constructed a recombinant baculovirus expressing feline herpesvirus type i (fhv-1) gd in insect cells (sf9 cells). the expressed product was identified as fhv-1 gd by a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for the fhv-1 gd, and had an apparent molecular mass of approximately 49 kda, which was less than that of the authentic fhv-1 gd. when the fhv-1 gd protein were expressed in sf9 cells and crfk cells in the presence of tunicamycin, the fhv-1 gd exhibited a molecular mass of 41 kda. it was ... | 1996 | 9029779 |
| recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 expressing immunogenic proteins inducible virus neutralizing antibody against feline calicivirus in cats. | in this study, an entire open reading frame encoding the capsid protein of feline calicivirus (fcv) f4 strain was inserted into the deletion locus (smai site) of the thymidine kinase (tk) deficient mutant (c7301dltk) of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) and the resulting recombinant virus was designated as c7301dltk-cap. expression of the fcv antigens by c7301dltk-cap was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay and immunoblot analysis. to assess whether the recombinant virus can induce vi ... | 1996 | 9032896 |
| detection of feline herpesvirus 1 dna by the nested polymerase chain reaction. | the thymidine kinase region of feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv 1) genome in ocular/nasal swabs from cats with clinical manifestations of upper respiratory disease was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (nested pcr). two primer pairs were prepared for nested pcr. fhv 1 dna in ocular/nasal swabs was extracted using instagene-dna purification matrix. nested pcr for the fhv 1 culture supernatants was ten times as sensitive as single pcr. on comparing viral isolation with single pcr and nested p ... | 1996 | 9054130 |
| do postvaccinal sarcomas occur in australian cats? | a soft tissue sarcoma occurred in the interscapular area of a cat, 1 to 7 months after vaccination at that site. the vaccine contained inactivated feline panleucopaenia virus combined with modified live feline herpesvirus and calicivirus. the tumour showed histological features of both fibrosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. the tumour was observed to evolve from the site of a presumed postvaccinal granuloma. local recurrence 6 weeks post excision necessitated more radical resection. eu ... | 1997 | 9066965 |
| use of nested polymerase chain reaction to identify feline herpesvirus in ocular tissue from clinically normal cats and cats with corneal sequestra or conjunctivitis. | to use a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect feline herpesvirus (fhv-1) dna in conjunctiva or cornea from clinically normal cats and cats with conjunctivitis or corneal sequestra. | 1997 | 9099374 |
| adhesion of insect cells expressing the feline herpesvirus type 1 hemagglutinin (gd) to feline cell lines. | feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) gd-expressing sf9 cells adhered to two feline cell lines, but not to the porcine, bovine, or canine cell lines tested. in addition, this adhesion activity was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody against fhv-1 gd. these results showed that the fhv-1 gd might bind to a specific-molecule(s) on the surface of feline cell lines. we discussed a possible importance of the fhv-1 gd in host cell restriction to fhv-1 infection. | 1997 | 9101483 |
| high sensitivity polymerase chain reaction assay for active and latent feline herpesvirus-1 infections in domestic cats. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed and used to detect feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) in conjunctival and oropharyngeal swabs, and in latently infected tissues (trigeminal ganglia, optic nerves, optic chiasma, olfactory bulbs and corneas) collected from 10 experimentally infected cats. there was good agreement between parallel tests of the swab specimens by pcr and virus isolation assay during the phase of acute, latent and recurrent disease episodes (kappa = 0.63, p < 0.001). th ... | 1997 | 9106973 |
| vaccination of cats for feline rhinotracheitis results in a quantitative reduction of virulent feline herpesvirus-1 latency load after challenge. | we recently described the construction of a feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) recombinant vaccine strain, fhv beta-galglge delta, containing a deletion in both the gi and the ge genes. we also reported comparative tests of its safety and efficacy in cats. these cats were unvaccinated or subcutaneously vaccinated with fhv beta-galglge delta, its isotypic parent strain (fhv-1sa), or a commercial fhv-1 vaccine strain (fhv-1cv) and subsequently challenged with a virulent field strain of fhv-1. here we re ... | 1997 | 9123845 |
| expression of the feline herpesvirus type 1 icp4 gene is controlled by two alternative promoters. | feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) produces a single 5.4 kb immediate-early (ie) transcript encoding fhv-1 icp4 which acts as a trans-acting factor [kawaguchi et al. (1994) virology 204: 430-435]. our earlier study has shown that the fhv-1 ie transcript is spliced in the leader region and the fhv-1 ie gene product (icp4) down-regulates its own promoter through the region which includes its transcription initiation site [kawaguchi et al. (1996) j vet med sci 58: 715-721]. here we investigated fhv- ... | 1997 | 9125041 |
| differential sensitivity of culture and the polymerase chain reaction for detection of feline herpesvirus 1 in vaccinated and unvaccinated cats. | the diagnostic sensitivities of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and culture were compared and correlated with clinical signs in 5 vaccinated cats and 3 unvaccinated cats that were experimentally infected with feline herpesvirus 1. conjunctival swabs were taken each day from 0 to 14 days and on 21, 28 and 30 days after challenge. pcr (49.3%) was significantly more sensitive than culture (30.1%) as assessed by an adjusted mcnemar's test to account for non-independence of results between days w ... | 1997 | 9155873 |
| herpesviral abortion in domestic animals. | abortion or neonatal disease may follow infection with several alpha, beta and gamma-herpesviruses. the alpha-herpesvirus, equid herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1), causes single or epizootic abortions or neonatal deaths in equids, and the closely related virus ehv-4 causes sporadic equine abortions. in cattle, the alpha-herpesviruses, bovine herpesvirus-1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) and bovine herpesvirus-5 (bovine encephalitis virus), and a gamma-herpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus-4, have all be ... | 1997 | 9232116 |
| identification and characterization of the feline herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein c gene. | the feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) gene encoding glycoprotein c (gc) has been sequenced and identified based on its genomic location and comparative analysis to other alphaherpesvirus gcs, and the expressed gc protein was also identified by using specific monoclonal antibodies. the fhv-1 gc gene was located within a 7.0 kbp ecori fragment, and was 1602 bp in length. the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence was predicted to encode a membrane glycoprotein containing a charac ... | 1997 | 9237349 |
| comparison of nested polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation, and fluorescent antibody testing for identifying feline herpesvirus in cats with conjunctivitis. | to compare nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr), virus isolation (vi), and fluorescent antibody (fa) testing to detect feline herpesvirus (fhv) in cats with naturally acquired conjunctivitis or respiratory tract disease, or both. | 1997 | 9256959 |
| effects of valacyclovir in cats infected with feline herpesvirus 1. | to determine whether orally administered valacyclovir can be used safely and effectively to treat cats with primary, feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) infection. | 1997 | 9328668 |
| structure-function analysis of the ge-gi complex of feline herpesvirus: mapping of gi domains required for ge-gi interaction, intracellular transport, and cell-to-cell spread. | alphaherpesvirus glycoproteins ge and gi form a noncovalently associated hetero-oligomeric complex, which is involved in cell-to-cell spread. in the absence of gi, feline herpesvirus (fhv) ge is transport incompetent and fully retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. here, we assess the effect of progressive c-terminal truncations of fhv gi on the biosynthesis, intracellular transport, and function of the ge-gi complex. the truncated gi proteins were coexpressed with ge in the vaccinia virus-based ... | 1997 | 9343196 |
| characterization of canine herpesvirus glycoprotein d (hemagglutinin). | glycoprotein d (gd) of canine herpesvirus (chv) yp2 strain was expressed in cos-7 and insect (spodoptera frugiperda; sf9) cells. the gds expressed in cos-7 and sf9 cells reacted with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against chv gd (hemagglutinin) and an mab 25c9 against feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) gd by indirect immunofluorescence assay, and possessed a molecular weight (mw) of approximately 51-55 and 41-46 kilodalton (kda), respectively, when examined by immunoblot analysis. after ... | 1997 | 9409515 |
| sequences of the ribonucleotide reductase-encoding genes of felid herpesvirus 1 and molecular phylogenetic analysis. | the felid herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) genes encoding the two ribonucleotide reductase (rr) subunits (rr1, large subunit and rr2, small subunit) were cloned and their nucleotide (nt) sequence determined. the rr1 open reading frame (orf) is 2358 nts long and is predicted to encode a protein of 786 amino acids (aa). in common with herpesviruses in the varicellovirus genus of the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, fhv-1 rr1 lacks the n-terminal serine threonine protein kinase region present in herpes simplex vir ... | 1997 | 9482586 |
| heparin-binding activity of feline herpesvirus type 1 glycoproteins. | feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) possesses a very narrow host range, but the mechanism of its infection has not yet been analyzed. heparan sulfate on the cell surface serves as a receptor for several herpesviruses. in this study, we determined that infection of fhv-1 is inhibited by addition of soluble heparin in cells cultures. using heparin-affinity column, it was shown that fhv-1 gc is a major heparin-binding protein, and fhv-1 gb weakly binds to heparin, but fhv-1 gd does not. furthermore, ... | 1997 | 9495532 |
| the effects of treatment with chemical agents or infection with feline viruses on protein-binding properties of the feline immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat. | the effects of treatment with chemical agents or infection with feline viruses on protein-binding properties of the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) long terminal repeat (ltr) were examined by gel-mobility-shift assays using oligonucleotides designed to represent putative ap-1 or atf motif from the fiv ltr. infection with fiv led to less nuclear proteins binding to the ap-1 and atf sites, suggesting that proteins binding to the sites were consumed or suppressed by fiv-replication in fiv-infec ... | 1997 | 9498618 |
| in vitro recombination of feline herpesvirus type 1. | we investigated the possibility of in vitro recombination of three different strains of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1), a virulent strain (c7805), a vaccine strain (f2), and a candidate vaccine strain with a deletion in the thymidine kinase gene (c7301dltk). the results showed that recombination within different genotypes of fhv-1 strains could occur at a relatively high frequency ranging from 10.1% to 21.5% in vitro. these results indicate the generation of multiple mutant viruses by in vitr ... | 1998 | 9505964 |
| nucleotide sequence of canine herpesvirus homologues of herpes simplex virus type 1 us2, us3, glycoproteins i and e, us8.5 and us9 genes. | the partial nucleotide sequence of two bamhi fragments that span the unique short region (us), terminal repeat region (tr) and internal repeat region (ir) of canine herpesvirus (chv) has been determined. data obtained revealed several open reading frames (orf's) identified as the us2, us3, gi, ge and us9 homologues of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1). the chv homologues also show significant identity in amino acid sequence with those encoded by feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv1), bovine herpesvi ... | 1997 | 9524817 |
| vaccine efficacy of recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 expressing immunogenic proteins of feline calicivirus in cats. | we previously constructed a recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv1), c7301dltk-cap, which contains an entire open reading frame encoding the capsid protein of feline calicivirus (fcv) f4 strain in the deleted locus of the thymidine kinase (tk) deficient mutant (c7301dltk) of fhv1. in this report, we carried out in vivo experiments to assess the vaccine efficacy of the recombinant c7301dltk-cap against fcv and fhv1 infections in cats. as a result, two vaccinations with the c7301dltk-cap by i ... | 1996 | 9526541 |
| construction of a recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 expressing gag precursor protein of feline immunodeficiency virus. | we constructed a deletion mutant of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) and a recombinant fhv-1. the deletion mutant is the virus with a region (367 bp) deleted from the start codon of thymidine kinase (tk) gene to the smai site within the tk gene, and the other is a recombinant fhv-1 expressing gag protein of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), in which a cdna encoding the gag protein of fiv was inserted at the tk deletion site of the former deletion mutant. these viruses were designated as c730 ... | 1998 | 9572547 |
| detection of feline herpesvirus 1 dna in corneas of cats with eosinophilic keratitis or corneal sequestration. | to determine whether feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) dna is in the corneas of clinically normal cats and cats with eosinophilic keratitis or corneal sequestration. | 1998 | 9659551 |
| effect of a live attenuated intranasal vaccine on latency and shedding of feline herpesvirus 1 in domestic cats. | a prospective study was conducted that evaluated duration of virus shedding through acute and experimentally-induced recurrent disease episodes in 12 cats, and tissue distribution of latent infections, following intranasal vaccination with a temperature sensitive (ts) mutant strain of feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv1). six of these cats were challenged with a virulent field strain of the agent to assess the extent to which vaccination affected subsequent shedding of virus and the establishment of late ... | 1997 | 9672602 |
| further development of a recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 vector expressing feline calicivirus immunogenic antigen. | we previously reported the attenuation of thymidine kinase (tk) deficient mutant (c7301dltk) of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) in cats and the construction of a recombinant fhv-1 (c7301dltk-cap) inserted a precursor capsid gene of feline calcivirus (fcv) into the tk deletion locus of the c7301dltk. in this study, we constructed a further improved recombinant fhv-1 (dltk(gcp)-cap) carrying a putative fhv-1 gc promoter sequence upstream of the fcv precursor capsid gene of the c7301dltk-cap. gro ... | 1998 | 9673943 |
| the disulfide-bonded structure of feline herpesvirus glycoprotein i. | alphaherpesvirus glycoproteins e and i (ge and gi, respectively) assemble into a hetero-oligomeric complex which promotes cell-to-cell transmission, a determining factor of virulence. focusing on gi of feline herpesvirus (fhv), we examined the role of disulfide bonds during its biosynthesis, its interaction with ge, and ge-gi-mediated spread of the infection in vitro. the protein's disulfide linkage pattern was determined by single and pairwise substitutions for the four conserved cysteine resid ... | 1998 | 9696819 |
| properties and functions of feline herpesvirus type 1 glycoproteins. | feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) is a causative agent of feline viral rhinotracheitis and belongs to the subfamily alphaherpesvirinae of the family herpesviridae. since first isolated in 1958 by crandell and maurer, fhv-1 is distributed worldwide and is the most clinically significant agent for respiratory infections in cats. in this review, we describe the recent findings with properties and functions of fhv-1 glycoproteins, especially hemagglutinins. | 1998 | 9764399 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of feline herpesvirus 1 igg in serum, aqueous humor, and cerebrospinal fluid. | feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv) is an important cause of feline ocular and respiratory disease, but the role the virus plays in central nervous system disease of cats has not been explored. the study described here was performed to validate an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect fhv-specific igg antibodies for use in feline epidemiologic, ocular, and central nervous system disease studies. the indirect igg elisa was applied to serum, aqueous humor, and cerebrospinal fluid fro ... | 1998 | 9786517 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection leads to increased incidence of feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (forl). | feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (forl), previously known as 'neck lesions,' are commonly known in domestic, but also in non-domestic cats. they are characterized by odontoclastic resorptive processes, which take place at the dental root and at the periodontium. chronic inflammation of gingiva and periodontium is believed to be an important etiological factor in the development of forl. in this context, various feline viruses have been discussed to play a relevant role in the pathogenesis ... | 1998 | 9839881 |
| evaluation of serologic and viral detection methods for diagnosing feline herpesvirus-1 infection in cats with acute respiratory tract or chronic ocular disease. | to determine the value of virus isolation (vi), immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) assay, serum neutralization (sn), and elisa for the diagnosis of clinical feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) infection in cats. | 1999 | 10029851 |
| feline viruses in wildcats from scotland. | few data are available on the prevalence of feline viruses in european wildcats (felis silvestris). previous surveys have indicated that wildcats may be infected with the common viruses of domestic cats, apart from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). in the present study, 50 wildcats trapped throughout scotland (uk) between august 1992 and january 1997 were tested for evidence of viral infection. all were negative for fiv by several serological or virological methods. by contrast, 10% of the ca ... | 1999 | 10073361 |
| comparison of pcr, virus isolation, and indirect fluorescent antibody staining in the detection of naturally occurring feline herpesvirus infections. | cats with clinical signs suggestive of ocular infection with feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv 1) and cats without such signs were assayed by 3 methods to detect fhv. comparison of polymerase chain reaction (pcr), virus isolation, and indirect fluorescent antibody staining techniques for the detection of fhv demonstrated higher sensitivity of pcr in detecting this common infectious agent of cats. compared with pcr, sensitivity and specificity for virus isolation was 49% and 100%, respectively, and ... | 1999 | 10098682 |
| cellular elongation factor 1delta is modified in cells infected with representative alpha-, beta-, or gammaherpesviruses. | earlier reports (y. kawaguchi, r. bruni, and b. roizman, j. virol. 71:1019-1024, 1997; y. kawaguchi, c. van sant, and b. roizman, j. virol. 72:1731-1736, 1998) showed that herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) infection causes the hyperphosphorylation of translation elongation factor 1delta (ef-1delta) and that the modification of ef-1delta is the consequence of direct phosphorylation by a viral protein kinase encoded by the ul13 gene of hsv-1. the ul13 gene is conserved in members of all herpesvirus s ... | 1999 | 10196346 |
| transcriptional analyses of the region of the equine herpesvirus type 4 genome encoding glycoproteins i and e. | to map the transcripts encoding the equine herpesvirus type 4 (ehv-4) glycoproteins i (gi) and e (ge), transcriptional analyses were performed at the right part of the unique short segment of ehv-4 genome. the results revealed that the gi gene is encoded by a 1.6-kb transcript which is 3' coterminal with a 3.0-kb gd mrna while the ge gene is encoded by two transcripts of 3.5- and 2.4-kb in size. the transcriptional patterns described in this study for the ehv-4 gi and ge are similar to those fou ... | 1999 | 10226624 |
| long-term immunity in cats vaccinated with an inactivated trivalent vaccine. | to evaluate duration of immunity in cats vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine of feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), feline herpesvirus (fhv), and feline calicivirus (fcv). | 1999 | 10328440 |
| prevalence of feline chlamydia psittaci and feline herpesvirus 1 in cats with upper respiratory tract disease. | the epidemiology of feline chlamydiosis and feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv1) infection in cats was determined using a duplex polymerase chain reaction assay. in cats with upper respiratory tract disease (urtd), prevalences of 66 (14.3%) of 462 cats and 98 (21.2%) of 462 cats were found for chlamydia psittaci and fhv1, respectively. in cats without urtd, prevalences were 1/87 (1.1%) for both pathogens. younger cats, cats sampled in summer, and cats with conjunctivitis were more likely to be positive f ... | 1999 | 10357102 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of feline herpesvirus 1 dna isolated from wild felids. | | 1999 | 10378284 |
| feline respiratory diseases. | respiratory diseases in kittens can quickly result in life-threatening emergencies if not identified and managed early. congenital anomalies of young cats are extremely uncommon. viral respiratory infections in the cat are primarily caused by feline herpesvirus type 1 and feline calicivirus. primary bacterial respiratory infections occur sporadically in cats. bordetella bronchiseptica may cause severe respiratory signs in young kittens. | 1999 | 10390794 |
| complementation of a gl-deficient feline herpesvirus recombinant by allotopic expression of truncated gl derivatives. | the alphaherpesvirus glycoproteins ge and gi form a hetero-oligomeric complex involved in cell-to-cell transmission. the gi-deficient recombinant feline herpesvirus (fhv), fhvdeltagi-lz, produces plaques that are only 15% the size of those of wild-type fhv. here, we have complemented fhv(delta)gi-lz allotopically by expressing intact gi and c-terminally truncated gi derivatives from the thymidine kinase locus. the effect on ge-gi-mediated cell-to-cell spread was assessed by plaque assay employin ... | 1999 | 10423149 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using nuclear antigen for detection of feline herpesvirus 1 antibody. | to detect antibody against feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) in the sera of cats, the sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using nuclear antigen was investigated. the standardized optical density readings (ods) of the elisa obtained by the 1-step serum dilution (1:80) method were compared with the serum neutralization test (snt) results, with a correlation of 0.993, and with the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test results, with a correlation of 0.851. the ods ... | 1999 | 10424649 |
| detection of feline herpesvirus-specific antibodies and dna in aqueous humor from cats with or without uveitis. | to determine whether uveitis in cats was associated with intraocular production of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1)-specific antibodies or with detection of fhv-1 dna in aqueous humor (ah). | 1999 | 10451199 |
| structure of the immediate early gene of canine herpesvirus. | the nucleotide sequence of the immediate early (ie) gene of canine herpesvirus was determined. this gene was located in the inverted repeat regions, encoding a polypeptide of 1,383 amino acids. the predicted amino acid sequence was most closely related to that of the feline herpesvirus 1 ie protein among those of other alphaherpesviruses. dna binding and transcriptional activation domains were found in the ie protein. a spliced region of the ie gene transcript was determined in its 5' non-coding ... | 1999 | 10470264 |
| serosurvey for selected virus infections of wild carnivores in taiwan and vietnam. | serum samples from two leopard cats (felis bengalensis) and four formosan gem-faced civets (paguma larvata taivana) in taiwan, september 1995, and nine leopard cats in vietnam, august and december 1997, were examined for the prevalence of antibodies against feline parvovirus, feline herpesvirus type 1, feline calicivirus and feline immunodeficiency virus. all civets and nine of 11 leopard cats were shown to have antibodies against feline parvovirus (fpv), and fpv's were isolated from mononuclear ... | 1999 | 10479095 |
| herpesviruses of carnivores. | this review focuses on felid herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1), the most studied of the carnivore herpesviruses. canid herpesvirus (chv-1) and phocid (seal) herpesvirus 1 (phhv-1) are also included where information is available. fhv-1 is a member of the varicellovirus genus of the alphaherpesvirinae, which appears to be closely related phylogenetically to both chv-1 and phhv-1. fhv-1 infects both domestic and some wild felidae, such as cheetahs, and is predominantly a respiratory pathogen of cats. as in ot ... | 1999 | 10515274 |
| structure-function analysis of the feline herpesvirus virulence factors ge and gi. | the biosynthesis and function of the ge-gi complex of feline herpesvirus (fhv) was studied by heterologous expression of the cloned genes in the vaccinia virus-based vtf7-3 expression system and by analysis of fhv recombinants. this work has led to the identification of domains in gi involved in complex formation with ge, and to a model for the disulfide-bonded structure of gi. the effects of mutations in gi on ge-gi-dependent cell-to-cell transmission are discussed. | 1999 | 10515275 |
| molecular phylogenetic analysis of felid herpesvirus 1. | the position of felid herpesvirus 1 within the alphaherpesvirus subfamily was investigated using molecular phylogenetic techniques applied to multiple sequence alignments of recently reported fhv-1 gene homologs (glycoprotein b, ribonucleotide reductase and dna polymerase). fhv-1 was most closely related to other carnivore alphaherpesviruses, (phocid herpesvirus 1 and canid herpesvirus 1) and to the equid herpesviruses 1 and 4. | 1999 | 10515276 |
| vaccination of cats against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv): a matter of challenge. | so far, most apparently successful immunodeficiency virus vaccines have only been tested against challenge with cell culture-adapted virus. however, even live priming of cats with feline herpesvirus (fhv) vectors expressing the fiv gag and env gene followed by inactivated booster vaccination with fixed fix infected cell vaccine proved non-protective against infection with a primary fiv isolate. an effective fiv vaccine for field applications therefore is still not underway. | 1999 | 10515278 |
| feline herpesvirus 1-associated facial and nasal dermatitis and stomatitis in domestic cats. | feline herpesvirus-associated dermatitis has rarely been reported. recently we documented a unique ulcerative and often persistent facial dermatitis or stomatitis syndrome associated with feline herpesvirus 1. we believe this syndrome is relatively common, with the 10 cases in our series diagnosed between 1996 and 1997. the syndrome is associated with epithelial cell necrosis, eosinophilic inflammation, and intraepithelial herpesvirus inclusion bodies. the prevalence of eosinophilic inflammation ... | 1999 | 10562999 |
| comparison of prevalence of feline herpesvirus type 1, calicivirus and parvovirus infections in domestic and leopard cats in vietnam. | a serosurvey of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1), feline calicivirus (fcv), and feline parvovirus (fpv) in cats from ho chi minh city area in southern vietnam was conducted in december 1998, and we compared the results with our previous results in northern vietnam (hanoi area). the positive rate of fhv and fcv in domestic cats were 44% and 74%, respectively. they were rather higher than those in hanoi area, while the seropositivity of fpv (44%) was similar to that in hanoi area. in leopard cats ... | 1999 | 10651052 |
| diagnosis of feline herpesvirus infection by immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, and in situ hybridization. | an adult domestic shorthair cat had severe chemosis due to purulent and necrotizing blepharitis and conjunctivitis. purulent rhinitis, necrotizing glossitis, and dermatitis were also diagnosed. the cat was positive for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus. histologically, intranuclear cowdry type a inclusions were found within numerous epithelial cells adjacent to the lesions in skin, conjunctiva, and tongue. electron microscopic examination revealed herpesviral particles with ... | 2000 | 10730956 |
| feline herpesvirus infection in a group of semi-captive cheetahs. | clinical disease caused by feline herpesvirus type-1 in wild felid species is similar to that in domestic cats. herpesviruses are endemic in free-ranging lions in south africa but actual clinical disease due to them has not been reported in free-ranging felids. the first reports of feline herpesvirus infection associated with clinical disease in wild felids came from australia and the usa in 1970. subsequent reports of clinical disease in cheetahs and other wild felid species were limited to cap ... | 1999 | 10852685 |
| recent epidemiological status of feline upper respiratory infections in japan. | epidemiology of upper respiratory infections of cats was studied. nasal, ocular, and oral swabs collected from 111 cats presented at animal hospitals during the past 2.5 years were examined. twenty-four (21.6%) and 4 (3.6%) cats were diagnosed as feline calicivirus (fcv) infection and feline viral rhinotracheitis, respectively, indicating fcv is more prevalent than feline herpesvirus-1, which revealed a considerable shift from data obtained in 1970s. cat sera immunized by using vaccines containi ... | 2000 | 10945306 |
| serologic survey of selected viral agents in recently captured wild north american river otters (lontra canadensis). | blood samples were collected from 64 wild north american river otters (lontra [lutra] canadensis) from northern and eastern new york state and analyzed for serologic evidence of exposure to selected viral agents during a 1995 1996 translocation program. no clinical signs of disease nor lesions suggestive of prior viral exposure were seen. titers were detected for antibodies against canine distemper virus, canine herpesvirus-1, and canine parvovirus-2 but not for antibodies against canine adenovi ... | 2000 | 10982127 |
| feline herpesvirus. | feline herpesvirus infection is extremely common and may lead to recurring ocular disease in the adult cat. recognition of the history and clinical signs that are consistent with fhv-1 infection is critical because diagnostic tests may be negative. although a variety of treatment options are available, no one therapy is successful in every cat, and a small percentage of cats respond poorly to any treatment. | 2000 | 11033871 |
| efficient expression of the envelope protein of feline immunodeficiency virus in a recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) using the gc promoter of fhv-1. | we constructed two recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) expressing the envelope (env) protein of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). one recombinant, designated dltk-env, has the whole fiv env gene inserted at a thymidine kinase (tk) deletion site. the second recombinant, designated dltk(gcp)-env, has a cassette containing a partial fiv env gene fused with the signal sequence of the gc protein of fhv-1 (under the control of the gc promoter) inserted at the same site. growth kinetics of ... | 2000 | 11074121 |
| effects of l-lysine and l-arginine on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus type-1. | to determine the effects of various concentrations of l-lysine and l-arginine on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus type-1 (fhv-1). | 2000 | 11131583 |
| further development of a recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 expressing the gag protein of feline immunodeficiency virus. | we have previously reported the construction of a recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1), designated c7301ddltk-gag, expressing the gag precursor protein of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). in this study, we report the construction of a further recombinant fhv-1 (ddltk(gbp)-gag) which carries an fhv-1 gb promoter sequence upstream of the fiv gag gene of c7301ddltk-gag. strong expression of the fiv gag protein by ddltk(gbp)-gag was confirmed by immunoblot analyses and enzyme-linked imm ... | 2001 | 11315645 |
| detection of feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus 1 and chlamydia psittaci mucosal swabs by multiplex rt-pcr/pcr. | a single tube, multiplex reverse transcription (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr)/pcr assay was developed for detection of feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv1), chlamydia psittaci and feline calicivirus (fcv) in cats with upper respiratory tract disease (urtd), incorporating a simple, rapid extraction procedure capable of extracting both dna and rna. the assay was found to be as sensitive in vitro as simplex assays that have previously been shown to be as sensitive as, or more sensitive than, culture f ... | 2001 | 11376956 |
| construction of recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 expressing toxoplasma gondii surface antigen 1. | | 2001 | 11551636 |
| a study of feline upper respiratory tract disease with reference to prevalence and risk factors for infection with feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus. | a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of cats was carried out to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for respiratory tract disease, feline calicivirus (fcv) infection and feline herpesvirus (fhv) infection. seven hundred and forty cats were studied; samples for isolation of fcv and fhv were obtained from 622 (84%). data on individual cat and household variables were obtained by questionnaire for each cat and analysed using univariable and logistic regression analysis. thirty- ... | 2000 | 11716607 |
| ocular manifestations of feline herpesvirus. | feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) infection is ubiquitous in the domestic cat population worldwide. the most common clinical ocular manifestations of infection with fhv-1 are conjunctivitis and keratitis. this paper reviews the pathogenesis of feline herpesvirus-1 and discusses the various clinical ocular manifestations, diagnostic techniques and treatment of fhv-1-induced diseases. ocular manifestations include: conjunctivitis, keratitis, stromal keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, ophthalmia neo ... | 2001 | 11716625 |
| a field trial to assess the effect of vaccination against feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus and feline panleucopenia virus in 6-week-old kittens. | a trivalent (feline panleucopenia, feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus), modified live, commercially available cat vaccine was used at either 6, 9 and 12 weeks of age (early schedule) or 9 and 12 weeks of age (conventional schedule), and the serological response to vaccination was assessed. the level of maternally derived antibody present at 6 weeks of age was also established. the use of early vaccination at 6 weeks of age induced an antibody response to each virus by 9 weeks of age in a sig ... | 2001 | 11716626 |
| a candidate phocid herpesvirus vaccine that provides protection against feline herpesvirus infection. | phocid herpesvirus type 1 (phhv-1) causes significant morbidity and mortality among young and immunocompromised harbour seals. therefore, the availability of an effective phhv-1 vaccine would be of importance for orphanages and seal rehabilitation centres. since possibilities to test phhv-1 candidate vaccines in the target species are limited, a suitable animal model is needed. given the close genetic and antigenic relationships between phhv-1 and feline herpesvirus (fhv), the fhv cat system cou ... | 2001 | 11738761 |
| mineralized corneal sequestrum in a cat. | an 8-month-old 3-kg (6.6-lb) sexually intact male cat was evaluated for chronic refractory keratitis and a corneal plaque that developed after treatment with a corticosteroid-containing ophthalmic preparation. pertinent ophthalmic findings included blepharospasm, conjunctivitis, corneal vascularization, and a tan raised corneal plaque with a dense and gritty composition. lamellar keratectomy was performed to excise the plaque. the cornea healed with mild scarring. histologic examination revealed ... | 2001 | 11759995 |
| quantification of feline herpesvirus 1 dna in ocular fluid samples of clinically diseased cats by real-time taqman pcr. | a fluorogenic pcr was established for the quantification of feline herpesvirus 1 (fehv-1) dna in ocular fluid samples of clinically diseased cats. the new assay was specific for fehv-1 and sensitive. the 100% detection rate ranged from 0.6 to 6 50% tissue culture infective doses per sample. when spiked samples with known quantities of virus were used, infectious virus titers and quantification of viral dna by pcr correlated to each other in a linear fashion (r(2) = 0.9858) over a range of 4 orde ... | 2002 | 11825966 |
| hsv-1-based amplicon particles are able to transduce cells of feline origin with genes encoding biologically functional feline il-10 or il-6. | the most common viral disease of cats worldwide is the infection with feline herpesvirus 1 (fehv-1). this infection may be followed by herpetic stromal keratitis (hsk), which is supposed to have an immunopathological basis. experiments using herpes simplex viruses (hsv) in mouse models indicated that hsk may be treated by topical application of the interleukin 10 (il-10) gene. the objective of this study was the construction of human herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-based amplicon vectors exp ... | 2002 | 11888694 |
| recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 expressing toxoplasma gondi rop2 antigen inducible protective immunity in cats. | in order to investigate whether a recombinant viral vaccine composed of a feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhvi) vector and an immunogenic antigen of toxoplasma gondii can induce a protective immunity in cats, a recombinant fhv1 expressing rop2 antigen of t. gondii was prepared. we introduced a dna fragment encoding 1-538 amino acid residues of rop2 precursor into fhv1 genome under the control of a cytomegalovirus promoter. the recombinant fhv1 (fhv/rop2) successfully expressed a 59 kda antigen that w ... | 2002 | 11936503 |
| an etiological investigation of domestic cats with conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract disease in japan. | chlamydophila felis (c. felis), feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) and feline calicivirus (fcv) were detected in 39 (59.1%), 11 (16.7%) and 14 (21.2%) cats respectively, from 66 domestic cats presented with conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract disease (urtd) in 9 prefectures of japan. dual and multiple infections were found in 7 (10.6%) cats with both c. felis and fhv-1, 10 (15.2%) cats with both c. felis and fcv, and 1 (1.5%) cat with all three agents. c. felis was isolated from 11 (28.2%) of 3 ... | 2002 | 11999440 |
| virucidal efficacy of four new disinfectants. | virucidal efficacy was evaluated for four recently available disinfectants: chlorine dioxide, potassium peroxymonosulfate, a quaternary ammonium compound, and citricidal (grapefruit extract). sodium hypochlorite (3%) and tap water were used as positive and negative controls respectively. feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus, and feline parvovirus were exposed to the manufacturers' recommended dilutions of the evaluated disinfectants. both chlorine dioxide and potassium peroxymonosulfate comple ... | 2002 | 12022408 |
| inoculation with bartonella henselae followed by feline herpesvirus 1 fails to activate ocular toxoplasmosis in chronically infected cats. | infection by toxoplasma gondii is very common in cats although most remain disease free. the factors that trigger development of uveitis in some cats infected with t gondii have not been elucidated, but infection by more than one organism may be contributory. in this study, cats chronically infected with t gondii were inoculated with bartonella henselae followed by fhv-1 to test the hypothesis that immune stimulation by multiple infections will reactivate ocular toxoplasmosis. anterior uveitis a ... | 2002 | 12027509 |
| bilateral proliferative keratitis in a domestic long-haired cat. | a 9-year-old, female spayed, domestic long-haired cat was presented with bilateral, progressive, pink-white corneal opacities. the referring veterinarian had diagnosed feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) keratitis though diagnostics for fhv-1 had not been performed and treatment with antibiotics and antivirals did not improve the condition. histopathology showed neutrophils, plasma cells and lymphocytes, but no eosinophils or mast cells. routine diagnostics did not find an underlying cause, but souther ... | 2002 | 12071872 |
| kitten mortality in the united kingdom: a retrospective analysis of 274 histopathological examinations (1986 to 2000). | the postmortem findings in 274 kittens were reviewed. the kittens were grouped by age at death: perinatal (< one day), neonatal (one to 14 days), preweaning (15 to 34 days) and postweaning (35 to 112 days); 203 (74 per cent) of the kittens were postweaning and 38 (14 per cent) were preweaning. infectious disease was identified in 55 per cent of the kittens, and 71 per cent of the infectious disease was viral and detected significantly more frequently in rescue shelter kittens than in kittens fro ... | 2002 | 12430997 |
| survival of equine herpesvirus-4, feline herpesvirus-1, and feline calicivirus in multidose ophthalmic solutions. | to determine survival over time of infectious equine herpesvirus-4, feline herpesvirus-1, and feline calicivirus in three commercially available and commonly used ophthalmic solutions (eyewash, fluorescein, and proparacaine hcl). | 2002 | 12445296 |
| feline inflammatory polyps: historical, clinical, and pcr findings for feline calici virus and feline herpes virus-1 in 28 cases. | inflammatory polyps are associated with significant aural or nasopharyngeal disease in cats. it has been proposed that chronic viral infection may induce the masses. ventral bulla osteotomy (vbo) is usually recommended for definitive therapy but removal of masses from the nasopharynx or external ear canal by traction/avulsion is also used. a retrospective study of 28 cats with inflammatory polyps was conducted to correlate recurrence with mode of therapy. tissues from 41 polyps were assayed for ... | 2002 | 12468312 |
| post-exposure treatment of cats with mouse-cat chimeric antibodies against feline herpesvirus type 1 and feline calicivirus. | in order to confirm the in vivo effectiveness of anti- feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) mouse-cat chimeric antibody (fjh2), and anti-feline calicivirus (fcv) mouse-cat chimeric antibody (f1d7), cats that had been experimentally infected with fhv-1 or fcv were administered intravenously with the chimeric antibodies, and observed for clinical manifestations. the symptoms due to fhv-1 or fcv infection in the cats administered fjh2 or f1d7 were obviously decreased when compared with those of the no ... | 2002 | 12499687 |
| efficacy of oral supplementation with l-lysine in cats latently infected with feline herpesvirus. | to examine the effects of orally administered l-lysine on clinical signs of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) infection and ocular shedding of fhv-1 in latently infected cats. | 2003 | 12518876 |
| serologic survey for viral and bacterial infections in western populations of canada lynx (lynx canadensis). | a serologic survey for exposure to pathogens in canada lynx (lynx canadensis) in western north america was conducted. samples from 215 lynx from six study areas were tested for antibodies to feline parvovirus (fpv), feline coronavirus, canine distemper virus, feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus, yersinia pestis, and francisella tularensis. a subset of samples was tested for feline immunodeficiency virus; all were negative. for all other pathogens, evidence for exposure was found in at least o ... | 2002 | 12528455 |
| concurrent oral shedding of feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus 1 in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis. | oral mucosal salivary samples were collected from 25 cats with chronic gingivostomatitis and 24 cats with periodontal disease. viral culture and isolation of feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus 1 were performed. eighty-eight per cent of cats with chronic gingivostomatitis were shedding both viruses, compared to 21% of cats without chronic oral inflammatory disease. cats with chronic gingivostomatitis are significantly more likely to concurrently shed both feline calicivirus and feline herp ... | 2003 | 12654105 |
| use of serologic tests to predict resistance to feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, and feline parvovirus infection in cats. | to determine whether detection of virus-specific serum antibodies correlates with resistance to challenge with virulent feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1), feline calicivirus (fcv), and feline parvovirus (fpv) in cats and to determine percentages of client-owned cats with serum antibodies to fhv-1, fcv, and fpv. | 2002 | 12680445 |
| immunogenicity and efficacy of recombinant subunit vaccines against phocid herpesvirus type 1. | phocid herpesvirus type 1 (phhv-1) is an alpha-herpesvirus that causes significant morbidity and mortality among young and immunocompromised harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and therefore represents a major problem for seal rehabilitation centres. consequently, there is a need for a safe and effective phhv-1 vaccine. we tested an iscom-based recombinant phhv-1 gb vaccine alone (gb) or with the addition of recombinant phhv-1 gd (gbd) for (i). immunogenicity and protective efficacy against feline he ... | 2003 | 12744876 |