| polymorphism and gene conversion in mouse alpha-globin haplotypes. | we have cloned and characterized three distinct alpha-globin haplotypes obtained from inbred strains of the mouse, mus domesticus. we report here the complete nucleotide sequence of the six alpha-globin genes that the haplotypes contain. our analysis of these genes and those from one other previously described haplotype indicates that recurrent gene conversion events have played a major role in their history. the pattern of nucleotide substitutions suggests that conversions have occurred both wi ... | 1987 | 3032738 |
| cdna sequence and chromosomal localization of the mouse parvalbumin gene, pva. | in the homozygous condition, the mutation adr (arrested development of righting response) of the mouse causes a myotonia and a drastic reduction of the ca2+-binding protein parvalbumin (pv) in fast muscles. using a rat pv probe, a mouse cdna clone was isolated from a lambda gt11 wild-type fast-muscle library and its nucleotide sequence was determined. the protein coding and the 3' nontranslated regions of the mouse gene show extensive homology with the rat pv gene. the result of southern blot hy ... | 1989 | 2572511 |
| evolution of a v kappa gene family. | to examine the evolution of multigene families we have selected as an example an immunoglobulin light chain variable region subgroup (v kappa 24) which has been extensively characterized in inbred mice (mus musculus domesticus). homologous genes have been isolated and sequenced from mus pahari, a genetically and geographically isolated species believed to be the oldest living representative of the genus. southern blot analysis using probes corresponding to individual genes in this subgroup revea ... | 1986 | 3093373 |
| variations of a y chromosome repeated sequence across subspecies of mus musculus. | the complex species mus musculus is widespread in eurasia and consists of four parapatric genetical entities (subspecies) that have recently radiated. two of them (m. m. domesticus and m. m. musculus) are known to interact through a narrow zone of hybridisation across which autosomal and mitochondrial exchanges are very limited and y chromosome exchange is absent. we extend here the study of this group by the genetical analysis of 22 asian strains of various origins (china, korea, japan, taiwan, ... | 1989 | 2575606 |
| evolution of mouse chromosome 17 and the origin of inversions associated with t haplotypes. | mouse t haplotypes are variant forms of chromosome 17 that exist at high frequencies in worldwide populations of several species of house mouse. they are known to differ from wild-type chromosomes with respect to two relative inversions referred to as proximal and distal. an untested assumption has been that these two inversions originated in the chromosomal lineage leading to present-day t haplotypes. to investigate the evolutionary origins of these inversions and the possibility of additional ... | 1989 | 2717616 |
| fertility in intersubspecific hybrids of laboratory mice (mus musculus domesticus) and molossinus mice (m. m. molossinus). | we studied the reproductive performance of f1 and f2 hybrids of laboratory mice (c57bl/6, b6 and balb/c) and molossinus mice (mom and mol-a). the f1 x f1 crosses were fully fertile. in the f2 x f2 crosses, the copulation rate was slightly lower and the pregnancy rate was markedly depressed: only 5 out of 18 copulated females (27.8%) became pregnant in the f2 hybrids derived from the reciprocal crosses of b6 x mom, and in the f2 hybrids from balb/c x mol-a crosses, the pregnancy rate was 51.4% (1 ... | 1988 | 3240777 |
| the y chromosome, social signals, and offense in mice. | offense is one type of aggression in mice (mus musculus/mus domesticus). offense was measured in a panel of testers design for two congenic strains of mice. the two congenic strains were dba1bg and dba1. c57bl10-ybg. these differ in the y chromosome. offense was measured for the following dyadic pairs: group 1 (dba1 tested against a dba1 opponent); group 2 (dba1 tested against a dba1.c57bl10-y opponent); group 3 (dba1.c57bl10-y tested against a dba1.c57bl10-y opponent); and group 4 (dba1.c57bl10 ... | 1989 | 2803176 |
| evolution of the iga heavy chain gene in the genus mus. | to examine questions of immunoglobulin gene evolution, the iga alpha heavy chain gene from mus pahari, an evolutionarily distant relative to mus musculus domesticus, was cloned and sequenced. the sequence, when compared to the iga gene of balb/c or human, demonstrated that the iga gene is evolving in a mosaic fashion with the hinge region accumulating mutations most rapidly and the third domain at a considerably lower frequency. in spite of this pronounced accumulation of mutations, the hinge re ... | 1988 | 2842228 |
| a unique alpha chain in hemoglobin of "skive" danish mus musculus. | the primary structures of the alpha chains in hemoglobins from three stocks of mice with the hbaw2, hbaw3, and hbaw4 haplotypes were determined to establish whether the tentative alpha-chain assignments based on the results of isoelectric focusing patterns were correct. these hba haplotypes were identified in laboratory descendants of feral mice captured in different parts of the world. hemoglobin from "centreville", maryland, mus musculus domesticus (hbaw2) contains equal amounts of alpha chain ... | 1988 | 3377753 |
| three new t-haplotypes of mus musculus reveal structural similarities to t-haplotypes of mus domesticus. | | 1988 | 3410314 |
| possible derivation of the laboratory mouse genome from multiple wild mus species. | laboratory strains of mice are thought to be derived from wild populations of mus domesticus. many instances of non-domesticus genetic information fixed in these strains have been described, however, and the amount of strain-to-strain genetic variation exceeds that found in wild domesticus populations. in order to estimate the extent of the non-domesticus contribution to laboratory mouse genomes, and to determine whether it could account for observed variation, we have used computer simulations ... | 1986 | 2879770 |
| [drainage of the thoracic duct in the house mouse (mus musculus domesticus) in starvation]. | | 1987 | 3445705 |
| the molecular organization of the beta-globin complex of the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus. | recombinant dna clones have been isolated that contain 80 kb of the beta-globin complex from the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus. comparisons of this complex with that from the laboratory mouse, mus domesticus (with an order 5'-hbby, hbb-bho, hbb-bhl, hbb-bh2, hbb-bh3, hbb-bl, hbb-b2 3') highlight organizational trends in the beta-globin complex since the two species diverged. unlike other mammals studied thus far, the deer mouse possesses three adult genes. partial sequence analysis indicate ... | 1987 | 3447002 |
| p450 genes: evolution, regulation, and relationship to human cancer and pharmacogenetics. | three pharmacogenetic differences (the acetylation, debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase, and ah locus polymorphisms) appear to be associated with increased risk of environmentally caused human cancer. the latter two polymorphisms represent differences in p450 gene expression. it is predicted that molecular biological studies will soon provide a means (rflp patterns or expression vector assays) of predicting individual cancer risk related to these polymorphisms. at the present time, only the ah locus poly ... | 1986 | 3472766 |
| t-cell receptor vt beta genes in natural populations of mice. | the composition of 15 vt beta gene subfamilies has been examined by southern hybridization among a broad spectrum of colony bred rat and mouse species extending phylogenetically from rattus to mus musculus domesticus. most mouse species contain a similar content of vt beta genes as determined by the number of hybridizing restriction fragment (rf) bands. furthermore, the extent of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) appears to be limited. some vt beta gene families, however, are missi ... | 1988 | 2890577 |
| evolution of mouse major histocompatibility complex genes borne by t chromosomes. | virtually all wild mouse populations carry t haplotypes that cause embryonic lethality or semilethality, distortion of segregation ratios, suppression of crossing-over, and male sterility. the t complex of genes is located on chromosome 17, closely linked to the h-2, the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse. the t haplotypes differ from each other not only in lethal genes they carry but also in their linked h-2 haplotypes. in this study, we compared the class ii h-2 genes present on 31 ... | 1985 | 2986138 |
| chromosomal polymorphism in the house mouse (mus domesticus) of greece and yugoslavia. | a total of 88 wild mice from the dalmatian coast of yugoslavia (35 animals), and peloponnesus (30 animals) and thebes (23 animals) on mainland greece were karyotyped. in all but five animals robertsonian translations were found. mice from the dalmatian region were homozygous for translocations rb(5.15), rb(6.12), rb(8.17), rb(9.13), and rb(10.14); they were homo- or heterozygous for the translocation rb(1.11). some of them lacked the rb(1.11) translocation altogether so that the diploid numbers ... | 1987 | 3581997 |
| molecular evidence for the rapid propagation of mouse t haplotypes from a single, recent, ancestral chromosome. | mouse t haplotypes are variant forms of chromosome 17 that exist at high frequencies in worldwide populations of two species of commensal mice. to determine both the relationship of t haplotypes to each other and the species within which they exist, 35 representative t haplotypes were analyzed by means of 10 independent molecular probes, including five dna clones and five polypeptide spots identified by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. all of the tested haplotypes were found to shar ... | 1987 | 2897062 |
| genes that modify expression of major urinary proteins in mice. | a survey of major urinary proteins (mups) from eight balb/c mouse substrains by isoelectric focusing identified a common pattern with about 10 protein bands in males. one substrain, balb/cjpt, differed in that it expressed two variant mup patterns, designated 4.1lo and null. to find the chromosomal location of the gene which determines the 4.1lo phenotype, balb/cjpt-mup-4.1lo was crossed with a wild-derived mus musculus domesticus inbred strain (cla) that expresses the common balb/c mup pattern. ... | 1988 | 2900461 |
| altered turnover of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase in erythroid cells of mice expressing hprt a and hprt b alleles. | we have previously shown that mice expressing hprt a allele(s) have erythrocyte hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) levels that are approximately 25-fold (mus musculus castaneus) and 70-fold (mus spretus) higher than in mice that express the hprt b allele (mus musculus domesticus; c57bi/6j; c3h/heha), and that these differences in erythrocyte hprt levels are due to differences in the turnover rates of the hprt a and b proteins as reticulocytes mature to erythrocytes. we show here that: ... | 1987 | 3609725 |
| pineal indole metabolism in the mouse. | the activity of two pineal enzymes serotonin n-acetyltransferase (snat) and hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase, (hiomt) and the pineal content of serotonin (5-ht) and n-acetylserotonin (nas) were measured in several strains of mice (mus domesticus) in order to compare melatonin synthetic pathways among them. of the strains we examined, c57bl/6j, akr/j, balb/c, nzb/blnj and wild mice, only wild mice synthesize pineal melatonin. wild mice had high activity of both snat and hiomt; nzb had snat activ ... | 1987 | 3620949 |
| differences in patterns of pup care in mus musculus domesticus. viii. effects of previous experience and parity in xlii inbred mice. | an improvement in two variables of a retrieving test has been shown in eight inbred strains of mice following the second parturition. to test the possible contribution of presence at birth and/or caregiving to a cohabitation effect, retrieval behavior was measured in four groups of xlii inbred mice: one group of biparas, and three groups of primiparas; one without any previous maternal experience, one previously exposed to parturition and caregiving by an alien female, and one exposed to a femal ... | 1987 | 3628525 |
| transposition of a long member of the l1 major interspersed dna family into the mouse beta globin gene locus. | a long member of the highly repeated long interspersed dna family l1md (for l1 in mus domesticus) has integrated by transposition into a target site which lies between the two adult beta globin genes of mouse. dna hybridization and nucleotide sequence analysis show that this target site, which is part of the single copy dna flanking the globin genes, is interrupted by the l1 element in one chromosome but is uninterrupted in both allelic and ancestral chromosomes. other large dna rearrangements o ... | 1985 | 2991851 |
| extensive movement of lines one sequences in beta-globin loci of mus caroli and mus domesticus. | lines one (l1) is a family of movable dna sequences found in mammals. to measure the rate of their movement, we have compared the positions of l1 elements within homologous genetic loci that are separated by known divergence times. two models that predict different outcomes of this analysis have been proposed for the behavior of l1 sequences. (i) previous theoretical studies of concerted evolution in l1 have indicated that the majority of the 100,000 extant l1 elements may have inserted as recen ... | 1988 | 2905421 |
| endogenous mmtv proviral genomes in feral mus musculus domesticus. | | 1986 | 3015501 |
| gene-specific structures within class i genes from mus musculus domesticus are conserved in class i genes from mus pahari. | | 1986 | 3731845 |
| lipoprotein-associated oncornavirus-inactivating factor in the genus mus: effects on murine leukemia viruses of laboratory and exotic mice. | high titers of oncornavirus-inactivating factor (oif) were found previously in sera of laboratory mice. oif is highly active against mouse xenotropic and polytropic envelope recombinant murine leukemia viruses (mulvs) but not against ecotropic mulvs. of the 20 different mouse species or subspecies currently tested, that represent 4 subgenera, no oif was found in the 3 subgenera more distant to the laboratory mouse. in the subgenus mus, 7 of the 8 most distant species had no oif, whereas all the ... | 1987 | 3026614 |
| frequency of polymorphisms for alleles encoding for liver proteins of domesticated mice. | three different inbred strains of mice have been crossed with a lethal albino line (cch/c3h) and the liver polypeptides of the parents and offspring examined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for evidences of protein polymorphisms, different alleles of which have gone to fixation in different strains. in the battery of polypeptides considered most favorable for scoring, 3.3 +/- 1.6 percent of the battery exhibited paired variants and 1.6 +/- 1.2 percent, unpaired. an adjustme ... | 1985 | 4056362 |
| comparison of the mouse p(1)450 gene and flanking sequences from a mopc 41 plasmacytoma and normal liver. | the murine p(1)450 gene is inducible by foreign chemicals such as dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; tcdd). the induction process appears to involve binding of tcdd to the ah receptor, interaction of the inducer-receptor complex with chromatin, and transcriptional activation of the p(1)450 gene. p(1)450 gene expression did not occur in the mopc 41 plasmacytoma transplanted intra-abdominally in the balb/c mouse. by southern blot analysis, the p(1)450 gene restriction patterns are simila ... | 1985 | 4075955 |
| [experiments on the possibility of influencing radiation-induced cerebellar defects in domestic mice (mus musculus domesticus rutty 1772) by chemical radiation-protective agents]. | | 1966 | 5947722 |
| localization of the muscle, liver, and brain glycogen phosphorylase genes on linkage maps of mouse chromosomes 19, 12, and 2, respectively. | mammalian glycogen phosphorylases comprise a family of three isozymes, muscle, liver, and brain, which are expressed selectively and to varying extents in a wide variety of cell types. to better understand the regulation of phosphorylase gene expression, we isolated partial cdnas for all three isozymes from the rat and used these to map the corresponding genes in the mouse. chromosome mapping was accomplished by comparing the segregation of phosphorylase restriction fragment length polymorphisms ... | 1989 | 2575583 |
| beta-2 microglobulin types in mice of wild origin. | to determine the distribution of beta-2 microglobulin (b2m) alleles in wild mice we have typed mice derived from natural populations in europe, north africa, south america, and east asia. mus musculus domesticus mice from germany, france, italy, and peru were all b2ma as were most from the united kingdom. m.m. musculus mice from denmark and czechoslovakia, several stocks of m.m. molossinus from japan, and m.m. castaneus from china, thailand, and the philippines were of b2mb type. this is consist ... | 1984 | 6096267 |
| evolutionary relationships between the t and h-2 haplotypes in the house mouse. | thirty-three mouse strains carrying t haplotypes were typed with a large battery of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies specific for class i and class ii antigens controlled by the h-2 complex. among these t haplotypes were representatives of the six complementation groups defined previously and of eight new groups defined by us recently. the typing resulted in the identification of the h-2 haplotypes of these strains and of their alleles at k, d, a, and e loci. nineteen of the 33 strains prove ... | 1984 | 6201441 |
| puberty-affecting synthetic analogs of urinary chemosignals in the house mouse, mus domesticus. | endocrinologically- and socially-dependent volatile constituents of female mouse urine, identified in a previous study, were tested for their capability to accelerate puberty and extend the estrous period in young females. several volatile ketones advanced puberty by approximately three days and extended the period of vaginal cornification in 55-75% of exposed females. high high concentrations of these substances were capable of overriding the known puberty-delaying chemosignals. volatile cyclic ... | 1989 | 2602471 |
| wild mice in the cold: some findings on adaptation. | the house mouse, mus domesticus, can thrive in natural environments much below its optimum temperature. thermogenesis is then above that at more usual temperatures. in addition, body weight, and the weights of brown adipose tissue and the kidneys, may be higher than usual. in free populations of house mice cold lowers fertility and may prevent breeding. other possible limiting factors on breeding are food supply, shelter for nesting and social interactions. in captivity, wild-type house mice exp ... | 1989 | 2696561 |
| mitochondrial dna evolution in mice. | this study extends knowledge of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) diversity in mice to include 208 animals belonging to eight species in the subgenus mus. highly purified mtdna from each has been subjected to high-resolution restriction mapping with respect to the known sequence of one mouse mtdna. variation attributed to base substitutions was encountered at about 200 of the 300 cleavage sites examined, and a length mutation was located in or near the displacement loop. the variability of different fun ... | 1983 | 6315529 |
| molecular genetics of androgen-inducible rp2 gene transcription in the mouse kidney. | androgen control of the rp2 gene in the mouse kidney has been modified during evolution. in inbred mice (mus domesticus), the concentrations of mrnas encoded by rp2 undergo a 10- to 12-fold induction in response to testosterone; in other mus species (e.g., mus hortulanus and mus caroli), induction ranges from none to about two- to fourfold. in this communication, we show that androgens induced rp2 transcription in m. domesticus, although this induction may not have fully accounted for the increa ... | 1989 | 2710112 |
| genic differentiation and origin of robertsonian populations of the house mouse (mus musculus domesticus rutty). | this paper examines the relation between chromosomal and nuclear-gene divergence in 28 wild populations of the house mouse semi-species, mus musculus domesticus, in western europe and north africa. besides describing the karyotypes of 15 of these populations and comparing them to those of 13 populations for which such information was already known, it reports the results of an electrophoretic survey of proteins encoded by 34 nuclear loci in all 28 populations. karyotypic variation in this taxon ... | 1989 | 2714644 |
| esterase-13 of the rat (rattus norvegicus) and its homology with esterase-3 of the house mouse (mus musculus). | a new allele of esterase-13 was detected in various laboratory inbred strains of rattus norvegicus and designated es-13c. the activity of es-13 towards a range of chromogenic substrates, inhibitor profile, isoelectric points and retardation coefficients on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were determined. the organ specific expression of es-13 alleles was investigated and it was shown that kidney homogenates contained a factor which modified the liver enzyme banding pattern in vitro. the featu ... | 1984 | 6478802 |
| genetic polymorphism of the sixth component of complement (c6) in mice. | immunofixation after isoelectric focusing revealed two forms of mouse c6, c6a and c6m, both of which consist of two major protein bands and one or more acidic minor bands. they were distinguishable by their different isoelectric point (pi) ranges: c6m has more acidic pi ranges (ph less than 6.2) than c6a (ph less than 6.3). c6a was found in common inbred mice of mus musculus domesticus, while c6m was found in inbred and wild mice of m. m. molossinus (japanese wild mice, an asian subspecies). bre ... | 1984 | 6510993 |
| duplicated region of the mouse genome containing a cytoplasmic gamma-actin processed pseudogene associated with long interspersed repetitive elements. | the structures of two cloned recombinants of bacteriophage lambda and mouse genomic dna (lambda ma14 and lambda ma36) were compared by electron microscopic analysis of various heteroduplex dnas, restriction endonuclease mapping and nucleotide sequence determination. each clone was shown to be derived from a distinct region of the mouse genome, but the two exhibited structural similarity over a region of at least 11,000 bases which included a cytoskeletal gamma-actin processed pseudogene of appro ... | 1988 | 2974886 |
| a repeated segment on the mouse y chromosome is composed of retroviral-related, y-enriched and y-specific sequences. | we report the isolation and characterization of two recombinant clones containing dna derived from the y chromosome of the c57bl/10 inbred mouse strain. both clones were isolated from a lambda phage library derived from a partial ecori digest of c57bl/10 male dna using the murine retrovirus m720. characterization of these clones showed they were derived from a repeated segment present on the c57bl/10j y chromosome that contains sequences found elsewhere in the genome. in addition, one clone cont ... | 1989 | 2731728 |
| the alpha 2 chain of type 1 collagen does not map to mouse chromosome 16 but maps close to the met proto-oncogene on mouse chromosome 6. | the gene locus for the alpha 2 chain of type 1 collagen (cola-2) was previously assigned to chromosome 16. here we demonstrate, utilising both somatic cell hybrid analysis and genetic linkage analysis, in an interspecific mus domesticus x mus spretus cross that cola-2 fails to cosegregate with mouse chromosome 16, but is linked to the met proto-oncogene on chromosome 6. | 1989 | 2776477 |
| differences in patterns of pup care in mus musculus domesticus l-comparisons between eleven inbred strains. | | 1982 | 7150186 |
| effect of nembutal anaesthesia on male induction of estrus (the whitten effect) in the wild mouse mus musculus domesticus. | | 1980 | 7190548 |
| artificial selection for short and long attack latencies in wild mus musculus domesticus. | artificial selection for short and long attack latency levels in wild male mus musculus over 11 generations was successful for short latencies. the realized heritability of 0.30 is comparable to those found in other selection studies on aggression. in part selection may have been for faster onto-genetic development of short attack latencies. four attempts to select for longer attack latencies failed because the lines died out immediately or within two generations for unknown reasons. but neither ... | 1981 | 7196726 |
| investigation of genetic linkage between myosin and actin genes using an interspecific mouse back-cross. | the introduction of cloned probes to follow the segregation of dna restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) has led to a revival of mendelian genetics in attempts to map the human genome. in the mouse, however, it has often proved difficult to detect an rflp with a dna probe between different inbred strains of the laboratory mouse. to circumvent this problem, we have used two species, mus musculus domesticus and mus spretus which interact as sympatric species but can be interbred under ... | 1985 | 2983233 |
| retroviral spongiform polioencephalomyelopathy. | aging wild mice (mus musculus domesticus) from several different trapping areas in southern california are uniquely prone to a naturally occurring hind-leg paralytic disease and/or lymphoma. both conditions are caused by an indigenous ecotropic murine leukemia virus (mulv). these mice have a lifelong persistent viremia with total immunologic tolerance to the virus. the characteristic pathologic features are centered on the anterior-lateral horns of the lumbosacral spinal cord and consist primari ... | 1985 | 2984760 |
| aminotransferase activities in mouse, mus domesticus, erythrocytes separated according to age. | erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase (ast) and alanine aminotransferase (alt) activities are often used as indices of vitamin b-6 nutritional status; however, results using a mixed population of erythrocytes can be quite variable. erythrocytes from two strains of mice (mus domesticus), a/ibg and dba/ibg, were separated according to age by centrifugation through discontinuous percoll density gradients into three fractions: top (least dense, youngest), middle and bottom (most dense, oldest). a s ... | 1994 | 7553357 |
| microdissection and microcloning from the proximal region of mouse chromosome 7: isolation of clones genetically linked to the pudgy locus. | microdissection and microcloning have been utilized in order to create a bank of clones from the proximal region of mouse chromosome 7. several important loci map to this area, including the albino locus (c), pink-eye dilution (p), and the developmental mutant, pudgy (pu). by use of interspecific crosses between mus musculus domesticus and mus spretus, we have generated backcross progeny segregating for the mutations chinchilla (cch) and pink-eye dilution (p). exploiting the evolutionary diverge ... | 1987 | 3319884 |
| effects of donor age on urinary chemosignals that influence the timing of first oestrus in young female house mice, mus domesticus. | the effects of donor age on the effectiveness of puberty-influencing urinary chemosignals in wild house mice was tested in a series of 3 experiments. the chemosignal from male mice that accelerates puberty was present in the urine from about the time of puberty and throughout the normal lifespan, but declined about 1 year of age. oestrous females released a substance in their urine that accelerates puberty in young females. this substance remained effective from first oestrus until over 1 year o ... | 1988 | 3411573 |
| developmental expression, cellular localization, and testosterone regulation of alpha 1-antitrypsin in mus caroli kidney. | alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-protease inhibitor), an essential plasma protein, is synthesized predominantly in the liver of all mammals. we have previously shown that mus caroli, a southeast asian mouse species is exceptional in that it expresses abundantly alpha 1-antitrypsin mrna and polypeptide, in the kidney as well as the liver (berger, f.g., and baumann, h. (1985) j. biol. chem. 260, 1160-1165) providing a unique model for examination of the evolution of genetic determinants of tissue-spec ... | 1987 | 3497926 |
| absence of y-chromosome introgression across the hybrid zone between mus musculus domesticus and mus musculus musculus. | | 1986 | 3569903 |
| morphological development of the mouse gonad in tda-1 xy sex reversal. | tda-1 xy sex reversal occurs when the y chromosome of at least some populations of wild mus musculus domesticus is placed on the c57bl/6j genomic background. gross anatomical observations have previously revealed morphological similarities among fetal ovotestes of tda-1 and tas-inherited xy sex reversals and balb/cwt mosaic hermaphrodites. we studied the histology of tda-1 xy sex-reversed gonads, ranging in age from day 14 of gestation to adult. the obtained data revealed additional similarities ... | 1987 | 3596083 |
| studies on the genetics of tda-1 xy sex reversal in the mouse. | when the y chromosome of at least some populations of the house mouse of western europe and the mediterranean, mus musculus domesticus, is placed into the c57bl/6j (b6) inbred mouse genome, xy fetuses develop into hermaphrodites or females. it has been hypothesized that the testis-determining gene on the y chromosome of m. m. domesticus (tdydom) interacts improperly with a putative b6/j recessive, testis-determining, autosomal gene (tda-1). the present study extended these earlier findings. the ... | 1987 | 3596084 |
| intermittent stimulation and acceleration of puberty by urinary chemosignals in female mice (mus musculus domesticus). | a sequence of 17 experiments was used to test the effects of intermittent stimulation with urinary chemosignals on the age of puberty in young female mice. the three chemosignals tested all accelerate the age of sexual maturation: urine from adult males, urine from females in estrus, and urine from females that are pregnant or lactating. the basic technique involved presenting the prepubertal females with 'nestlets' on which the urine was placed. the 'nestlets' were placed in the cages of the te ... | 1987 | 3651554 |
| polymorphism of unique noncoding dna sequences in wild and laboratory mice. | two dna probes, d17tu1 and d17tu2, were isolated from a genomic dna library containing only two mouse chromosomes, one of which is chromosome 17, carrying the major histocompatibility complex (h-2), as well as the t complex genes. the d17tu1 probe was mapped to the centromeric region of chromosome 17 and the d17tu2 probe to the s region of the h-2 complex. neither of the two probes appeared to detect any genes, but both contained unique, nonrepetitive sequences. typing of dna obtained from a lar ... | 1987 | 3666438 |
| influenza virus resistance of wild mice: wild-type and mutant mx alleles occur at comparable frequencies. | the laboratory-reared progeny of wild mus musculus domesticus from several places in europe and from california were tested for resistance to experimental infection with influenza viruses and for the ability of their explanted macrophages to synthesize mx protein in response to type i interferon. about 75% of these mice were resistant to influenza viruses and were able to synthesize mx protein, as expected for mice carrying the influenza virus resistance allele mx+ in either homozygous or hetero ... | 1987 | 3681017 |
| the hsr on chromosome 1 of the house mouse, mus domesticus: distribution and frequency in switzerland. | a total of 357 house mice (mus domesticus) from 83 localities uniformly distributed throughout switzerland were screened for the presence of a homogenously staining region (hsr) on chromosome 1. altogether 47 mice from 11 localities were hsr/+ or hsr/hsr. one sample of 11 individuals all had an hsr/hsr karyotype. almost all mice with the variant were collected from the rhone valley (hsr frequency: 61%) and val bregaglia (hsr frequency: 81%). for samples from most of the area of switzerland, the ... | 1994 | 7813901 |
| genetic control of melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland of the mouse. | pineal melatonin may play an important role in regulation of vertebrate circadian rhythms and in human affective disorders. in some mammals, such as hamsters and sheep, melatonin is involved in photoperiodic time measurement and in control of reproduction. although wild mice (mus domesticus) and some wild-derived inbred strains of mice have melatonin in their pineal glands, several inbred strains of laboratory mice (for example, c57bl/6j) were found not to have detectable melatonin in their pine ... | 1986 | 3941912 |
| the potential of murine cytomegalovirus as a viral vector for immunocontraception. | wild populations of house mice (mus domesticus) regularly undergo population eruptions in the cereal growing regions of s.e. australia, causing significant damage to crops. rodenticides are costly and are of limited usefulness, and the need for a biological control agent is widely recognized. the options for the use of an infectious agent to control mouse populations are considered. the three main types are: infectious agents which establish lethal infection; those which directly interfere with ... | 1994 | 7831489 |
| assignment of tp53 and tk1 to chromosome 13 in peromyscus by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | mus domesticus dna probes for the tumor suppressor protein-53 (tp53) and thymidine kinase-1 (tk1) genetic loci were used to identify clones representing these loci in a peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse) cosmid library. the cosmid-derived homologous probes were biotinylated and hybridized to p. maniculatus (deer mouse) chromosomes. probes for both genes hybridized to the chromosome 13 pair identified by prior g-banding. deer mouse chromosome 13 shares a region of homology with mouse chromo ... | 1995 | 7835097 |
| hyperplastic and neoplastic changes in the mammary glands of feral mice free of endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus provirus. | laboratory colonies of feral mice (mus musculus domesticus) have been established with specific mouse mammary tumor virus (mumtv) genotype, including colonies lacking any proviral dna (ev-) or carrying only a single copy of mumtv dna (ev+). no evidence of a decline in reproductive capacity has been observed in the first 8 generations. both the ev- and ev+ mice showed normal mammary gland development and the development of hyperplastic lesions in the older females. the mice were very resistant to ... | 1984 | 6090752 |
| diverse wild mouse origins of xenotropic, mink cell focus-forming, and two types of ecotropic proviral genes. | we analyzed wild mouse dnas for the number and type of proviral genes related to the env sequences of various murine leukemia viruses (mulvs). only mus species closely related to laboratory mice carried these retroviral sequences, and the different subclasses of viral env genes tended to be restricted to specific taxonomic groups. only mus musculus molossinus carried proviral genes which cross-reacted with the inbred mouse ecotropic mulv env gene. the ecotropic viral env sequence associated with ... | 1987 | 3041030 |
| [genetic analysis of the hybridization zone between two subspecies mus musculus domesticus and mus musculus musculus in bulgaria]. | the hybrid zone between the two subspecies of mice mus musculus domesticus and mus musculus musculus, which has been studied extensively in denmark, crosses europe to the black sea through the alps and the balkans. two hundred and seventy-nine animals were captured in 22 localities along a transect across the balkans. the animals were characterized for seven diagnostic nuclear loci by protein electrophoresis and by restriction pattern analysis of their mitochondrial dna. the nuclear data show a ... | 1988 | 3169546 |
| akvr-1, a dominant murine leukemia virus restriction gene, is polymorphic in leukemia-prone wild mice. | we describe a restriction gene (akvr-1, for akr virus restriction) that is polymorphic for two alleles, akvr-1r (restrictive) and akvr-1r (susceptible), in a feral population of mice (mus) musculus domesticus) at a squab farm near lake casitas (lc) in southern california. akvr-1k is a dominant allele that exhibits 100% penetrance in prevention of viremia of akr endogenous retrovirus and of virus-mediated lymphoma in lc (akvr-1rr) x akr f1 hybrids. the restriction phenotype segregates as a single ... | 1980 | 6244564 |
| localization of the human x-linked gene for chronic granulomatous disease to the mouse x chromosome: implications for x-chromosome evolution. | the gene encoded at the human x-linked chronic granulomatous disease locus (cytochrome b245 beta subunit) has been mapped to the mouse x chromosome using an interspecific mus domesticus x m. spretus cross. the localization of this gene provides detailed information on one of the proposed ancestral breakpoints that account for the divergent evolution of the mouse and human x chromosomes. | 1988 | 3197451 |
| fluctuating asymmetry in the mus musculus hybrid zone: a heterotic effect in disrupted co-adapted genomes. | developmental stability reflects the organism's ability to buffer minor developmental accidents and is often estimated by measuring the fluctuating asymmetry. either implicitly or explicitly, numerous authors have assumed that developmental stability is correlated with overall fitness. if this is the case, changes in morphological asymmetry across a hybrid zone could be used as a measure of the selection on hybrid genomes. developmental stability in hybrid populations is theoretically related to ... | 1994 | 7997458 |
| endogenous type c retroviral sequences of mice are organized in a small number of virus-like classes and have been acquired recently. | we studied endogenous type c virus-related sequences of mice by annealing moloney murine leukemia virus dna to agarose gel blot transfers of uninfected mouse cell dna which had been cleaved with restriction enzymes. we found that many of the endogenous murine leukemia virus-related sequences in mice consist of two organizational classes that are integrated into many different loci. both of these classes resemble standard murine leukemia virus proviral dna in both size and sequence organization. ... | 1981 | 6270388 |
| mitochondrial dna variation and the evolution of robertsonian chromosomal races of house mice, mus domesticus. | the house mouse, mus domesticus, includes many distinct robertsonian (rb) chromosomal races with diploid numbers from 2n = 22 to 2n = 38. although these races are highly differentiated karyotypically, they are otherwise indistinguishable from standard karyotype (i.e., 2n = 40) mice, and consequently their evolutionary histories are not well understood. we have examined mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequence variation from the control region and the nd3 gene region among 56 m. domesticus from western ... | 1994 | 8005418 |
| polymorphism of c lambda genes and units of duplication in the genus mus. | the number of ig c lambda genes in nine geographically widespread species from the four subgenera in the genus mus was estimated from the number of bam hi and eco ri restriction fragments that hybridize under high stringency conditions to cdna probes of balb/c inbred mouse origin (mus musculus domesticus). three closely related species in the subgenus mus, m. musculus, m. spretus, and m. spicelegus, show considerable variation in the number of c lambda genes. estimates of gene numbers in these a ... | 1984 | 6325541 |
| tissue- and species-specific regulation of murine alpha 1-antitrypsin gene transcription. | previous studies from our laboratories have shown that the tissue specificity of alpha 1-antitrypsin (at) expression differs among closely related mouse species. in laboratory mice (mus domesticus), at mrna is found almost exclusively in the liver. in the wild-derived species mus caroli, the mrna is expressed not only in the liver but also in the kidney, where it is regulated by androgens during post-natal development. we presently show that the tissue specificity, the species specificity, and t ... | 1988 | 3262614 |
| spontaneous and ionizing radiation induced mutations involve large events when selecting for loss of an autosomal locus. | the mouse p19h22 embryonal carcinoma cell line contains two distinct chromosome 8 homologs, one derived from mus musculus domesticus (m. domesticus) and the other derived from mus musculus musculus (m. musculus). it also contains a deletion for the m. musculus aprt allele, which is located on chromosome 8. in this study, cells with spontaneous or induced aprt deficiencies were isolated from p19h22 and examined to determine the nature of the mutational events that had occurred. ultraviolet radiat ... | 1995 | 7603506 |
| polymorphism, localization and geographical transfer of mitochondrial dna in mus musculus domesticus (irish house mice). | the analysis of mtdna restriction fragments from irish house mice revealed much polymorphism, both within and between populations. many phenotypes showed geographical localization and there was a strong correlation between geographical distance and genetic divergence. populations, which are discontinuous and limited to buildings or their vicinity, are apparently the result of short-range migration. transport by man, with whom the species is closely associated, appears to have negligible impact. ... | 1993 | 8094386 |
| characterization of polymorphism within the h2-m mhc class ii loci. | the products of the class ii-like h2-m genes of the major histocompatibility complex are required for class ii antigen processing. we sequenced h2-ma and mb from several mouse strains to determine whether these genes are polymorphic like the classical h2-a and e genes, or are oligomorphic, like h2-o. both mb loci appear to be transcribed and are distinct from each other. mb1 and mb2 differ by about 11% at the nucleotide level and are most dissimilar in their second exons (corresponding to the be ... | 1995 | 7607704 |
| a nuclear factor (nf2d9) that binds to the male-specific p450 (cyp 2d-9) gene in mouse liver. | expression of the cyp 2d-9 (steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase) gene in mouse liver is male specific in such mus musculus domesticus strains as fvb/n, whereas the corresponding p450 genes in the wild mouse species mus spretus are not sex specific in their expression. these parental differences in the gene expressions were independently inherited in f1 offspring from crosses of fvb/n and m. spretus. a 5' flanking sequence (-110ctc ctccctattccgggcc-92) was defined as a regulatory element (named sdi-a1) ... | 1995 | 7623810 |
| discrimination by female mice between the odours of parasitized and non-parasitized males. | the detection and avoidance of parasitized males has been proposed to be a component of female mate choice. we investigated whether or not female laboratory mice, mus musculus domesticus, could discriminate between parasitized and non-parasitized males on the basis of odour. female mice were given a choice between the urine and other odorous secretions of either a male mouse sub-clinically infected for five days with the naturally occurring, enteric, single host, protozoan parasite, eimeria verm ... | 1995 | 7644547 |
| population subdivision and gene flow in danish house mice. | genetic subdivision in local populations of the european house mice, mus musculus domesticus and m. m. musculus, was analysed to study patterns of gene flow. the data consisted of frequencies of microsatellite alleles in 16 samples (250 individuals) from a total of 11 sites in jutland, which included successive samples from three sites. sequences of the control region of mitochondrial dna in three successive samples from one site were also analysed. microsatellite genotype frequencies within sam ... | 1995 | 7663750 |
| circular transcripts of the testis-determining gene sry in adult mouse testis. | sry is expressed at higher levels in the adult testis, where no function has been determined, than in the genital ridge, its critical site of action. cdna and 5' race clones isolated from testis or from sry-transfected cell lines have an unusual structure, with 3' sequences located in a 5' position. rnaase protection assays and reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions confirmed that these unusual rna molecules represent the most abundant transcript in testis. furthermore, oligonucleotide ... | 1993 | 7684656 |
| distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampal region of the mouse. iii. the area dentata. | the distribution of acetylcholinesterase (ache) was examined in the area dentata of the adult mouse (mus musculus domesticus). a distinctly stratified distribution of the enzyme was observed and was compared in detail with cytoarchitectural fields and layers. in the stratum moleculare, bands of relatively high ache activity were seen immediately beneath the pia, at the borders between the outer, middle, and deep portions of the stratum moleculare, and superficial to the granule cell layer. ache ... | 1993 | 7685362 |
| sibling effects on the behavior of infant mouse litters (mus domesticus). | we investigated whether the number of same- or other-sex littermates had a graded effect on the occurrence of early solitary play and social play by mouse (mus domesticus) family units. sixty litters, reduced at birth to 5 different sex ratios (6 males, 5 males and 1 female, 3 males and 3 females, 1 male and 5 females, and 6 females) were scored in 15-min sessions on postnatal days 18 and 21. an increasing trend with age was found for run, pounce, popcorn, self-groom, and explore episodes. type ... | 1995 | 7705064 |
| polymorphism of the mouse transcription factor-encoding gene e2a. | southern blotting analysis using a cdna probe consisting of the central portion of the e12 coding region has revealed two distinct forms of e2a, one which is common to all inbred and wild mouse strains derived from mus musculus musculus and mus musculus domesticus, whereas the other is less common and has only been found in the wild mouse population of mus musculus domesticus. | 1994 | 8163208 |
| distribution of the molossinus allele of sry, the testis-determining gene, in wild mice. | when the y chromosome of the laboratory inbred mouse strain c57bl/6 (b6) is replaced by the y of certain strains of mus musculus domesticus, testis determination fails and all xy fetuses develop either as hermaphrodites or xy females (xy sex reversal). this suggests the presence of at least two alleles of sry, the male-determining gene on the y:m. m. domesticus and b6. the b6 y chromosome is derived from the japanese house mouse, m. m. molossinus and therefore carries a molossinus sry allele. as ... | 1994 | 7815926 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the gene and cdna encoding mouse spermidine/spermine n1-acetyltransferase--a gene uniquely regulated by polyamines and their analogs. | the polyamine catabolizing enzyme, spermidine/spermine n1-acetyltransferase (ssat), has been implicated as a critical determinant of polyamine pool maintenance. ssat has recently been shown to be positively regulated in human cell lines by polyamines and their analogs at the level of mrna accumulation. mouse la-4 lung adenoma cells treated with either spermine or the spermine analog, n1,n12-bis(ethyl)spermine, produced a 2.3 and 6.5-fold increase, respectively, in ssat mrna. prior evidence for t ... | 1993 | 8241266 |
| factors that may regulate assembly of the mammalian sperm tail deduced from a mouse t complex mutation. | a unique pattern of aberrant sperm development occurs in laboratory mice (mus domesticus) that have been made homozygous for an allele of an autosomal gene, hst-6s, derived from another mouse species, mus spretus. during the abnormal spermiogenic process of these sterile animals, the sperm tail fails to assemble normally, although a bud develops at the site of the centriole in early spermatids. the bud enlarges during sperm development and eventually contains elements of a mature sperm tail. tub ... | 1993 | 7904484 |
| h-y typing of karyotypically abnormal mice. | it has been proposed that the male-specific transplantation antigen h-y is the trigger for testis formation (ohno's hypothesis). we have tested this hypothesis by examining the h-y status of a number of mice with abnormal or aberrant karyotypes relative to their gonad development. this analysis includes the discussion of published results of xx males carrying the sxr mutation and xo females, and the presentation of unpublished data from xy females carrying the ypos or yorb chromosome, xy females ... | 1983 | 6444167 |
| inherited sex reversal in mice: identification of a new primary sex-determining gene. | we present evidence that the inbred mouse strain c57bl/6j (b6) differs from mus domesticus (dom) at a locus involved in gonad determination and development as well as at the testis-determining locus on the y chromosome (tdy). this newly identified gene is named testis-determining, autosomal-1 (tda-1). although the inheritance of tda-1 suggests it is located on an autosome, its location on the x and y chromosome in their pairing-recombination region is not excluded. when mice are homozygous for t ... | 1983 | 6663259 |
| amplification of immunoglobulin lambda constant genes in populations of wild mice. | the lambda immunoglobulin light chain (ig lambda) locus of balb/c inbred mice consists of two variable region gene segments (v lambda)1-3, and four constant region gene segments (c lambda)1,2,4,5. each c lambda gene segment is associated with a unique joining segment (j lambda)2,4-7, and they are organized in two paired units, j3c3-j1c1 and j2c2-j4c4 (refs 4, 8). using cdna probes specific for c lambda 1 and c lambda 2 (ref. 9) we have analysed the genomic organization of the c lambda gene segme ... | 1982 | 6817142 |
| biochemical comparison of major histocompatibility complex molecules from different subspecies of mus musculus: evidence for trans-specific evolution of alleles. | h-2 haplotypes were extracted from wild mice of three subspecies, mus musculus domesticus, m. m. molossinus, and m. m. castaneus, that are known to have been separated from one another for some 1 to 2 million years. serologically indistinguishable molecules controlled by some of the polymorphic h-2 loci were compared by tryptic peptide mapping, and the maps were found to be identical. in addition, a number of instances of biochemically indistinguishable h-2 molecules were found among wild mice a ... | 1982 | 6954545 |
| olfactory discrimination of urinary odortypes from congenic strains (dba/1bg and dba1.c57bl10-ybg) of mice differing in their y chromosomes. | differential effects of one or more genes in the nonpseudoautosomal region of the dba1 and c57bl10 y chromosomes on offensive attack may be mediated, at least in part, by differential effects of this y chromosomal gene(s) on the sending and receiving of discriminable urinary odortypes. this hypothesis is based, in part, on the report that urine from a pair of y chromosomal congenic strains (c57bl6.akr-y and c57bl6) of mice can be discriminated in a y maze test. the akr and c57bl6 y chromosomes c ... | 1993 | 8352719 |
| y chromosome short arm-sxr recombination in xsxr/y males causes deletion of rbm and xy female sex reversal. | we earlier described three lines of sex-reversed xy female mice deleted for sequences believed close to the testes-determining gene (sry) on the y chromosome short arm (yp). the original sex-reversed females appeared among the offspring of xy males that carried the yp duplication sxr on their x chromosome. earlier cytogenetic observations had suggested that the deletions resulted from asymmetrical meiotic recombination between the y and the homologous sxr region, but no direct evidence for this ... | 1995 | 7479793 |
| inactivation of e alpha and e beta expression in inbred and wild mice by multiple distinct mutations, some of which predate speciation within mus species. | the h-2 mhc of mice encodes two functional class ii heterodimeric proteins: a alpha a beta (a) and e alpha e beta (e). while failure to express the a protein has not been reported, a significant proportion of of h-2 haplotypes in both inbred and wild mice do not express e proteins. we and others have previously characterized the molecular basis for defective e expression in haplotypes from mus domesticus (b, f, q, s, from inbred strains) and m. castaneus (w17, wild-derived) species, identifying ... | 1995 | 7495754 |
| origin of the north american house mouse. | the house mouse, mus domesticus, was introduced to the american continent in the post-columbian era. we have used mouse chromosome 17 dna probes to trace the origin of the wild house mice on the east coast of the united states. of the four probes used, one in particular proved to be informative in this regard. the d17tu20 probe defines a polymorphism at a locus telomeric of the h-2 complex. taqi restriction enzyme digests of genomic dna blotted and hybridized with the d17tu20 probe revealed the ... | 1994 | 7589706 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism and evolution of the mouse immunoglobulin constant region gamma loci. | genomic dna from twelve laboratory mouse strains, in addition to 21 wild-derived strains belonging to different taxa (mus musculus domesticus, mus musculus musculus, mus spretus, mus macedonicus, and mus spicilegus) and four mouse strains that are evolutionarily more distant, were analyzed by southern blot for polymorphism of the ig heavy chain constant region gamma isotype (igh-c gamma) and for the distribution of the duplicated igh-1 (c gamma 2 alpha) haplotype. distinct allelic forms of each ... | 1993 | 8099342 |
| molecular and biological characterization of new strains of murine cytomegalovirus isolated from wild mice. | studies of the prevalence of antibody to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) in free-living wild mice (mus domesticus) trapped in diverse regions of australia and on a sub-antarctic island indicated that 90% of 468 mice had serum antibody to mcmv. twenty-six field isolates of mcmv were plaque-purified from salivary gland extracts of representative seropositive mice. these isolates varied considerably in their ability to replicate in the salivary glands of weanling balb/c mice with 9 of 15 failing to r ... | 1993 | 8102523 |
| mus spretus-specific line-1 dna probes applied to the cloning of the murine pearl locus. | line-1 is the major family of long, interspersed, repetitive dna sequences found in mammalian genomes. the mouse species mus spretus contains large line-1 subfamilies that are distinguishable from the line-1 elements of laboratory mus domesticus strains by their content of particular nucleotide differences. oligonucleotides containing these differences act as m. spretus-specific line-1 hybridization probes. we have used these probes as a novel genetic tool in conjunction with an interspecific hy ... | 1993 | 8449493 |
| prevalence of viral antibodies and helminths in field populations of house mice (mus domesticus) in southeastern australia. | a 13-month study of wild mice (mus domesticus) in wheatlands in southeastern australia contrasted changes in the seroprevalence of antibody to 13 viruses and the occurrence of helminths with changes in their population dynamics. mice were seropositive for mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), rotavirus, minute virus of mice (mvm), mouse adenovirus (madv), reovirus (reo 3), and murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). the seroprevalences of all but rotavirus varied significantly with time and increased with host de ... | 1993 | 8472782 |
| sex differences in plasma corticosterone in mouse fetuses are mediated by differential placental transport from the mother and eliminated by maternal adrenalectomy or stress. | the effect of changes in maternal corticosterone concentrations, induced by maternal stress, maternal adrenalectomy or both, on concentration of corticosterone in serum and in adrenals of mouse (mus domesticus) fetuses was examined. higher baseline serum corticosterone concentrations were found in female fetuses than in male fetuses; however, there was no sex difference in the content of corticosterone in adrenals collected from these fetuses. sex differences were observed in the fetal response ... | 1993 | 8107008 |
| a serologic survey for viruses and mycoplasma pulmonis among wild house mice (mus domesticus) in southeastern australia. | plasma samples from 267 wild house mice (mus domesticus) trapped at 14 sites in southeastern australia were screened for antibody to 14 viruses normally associated with laboratory-reared rodents and to mycoplasma pulmonis. serologic prevalence was high for murine cytomegalovirus (99%, n = 94), murine coronavirus (95%), and murine rotavirus (74%). samples from mice collected at all sites contained antibody to these viruses. the serologic prevalence was lower for mouse adenovirus, strain k87 (37%) ... | 1993 | 8487371 |
| association of xmv-10 and the non-agouti (a) mutation explained by close linkage instead of causality. | in a previous survey of endogenous proviruses among inbred mouse strains, the xmv-10 provirus was found only in strains that carried the non-agouti (a) mutation (frankel et al. j. virol. 63: 1763-1774, 1989). to determine whether insertion of xmv-10 caused the a mutation, we cloned a portion of xmv-10 and its insertion site. using a fragment of flanking cellular dna as a southern hybridization probe, we found that the xmv-10 provirus was still present in revertant alleles of a to a(t) or aw. a r ... | 1994 | 8111126 |