| challenges in identifying and determining the impacts of infection with pestiviruses on the herd health of free ranging cervid populations. | although most commonly associated with the infection of domestic livestock, the replication of pestiviruses, in particular the two species of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), occurs in a wide range of free ranging cervids including white-tailed deer, mule deer, fallow deer, elk, red deer, roe deer, eland and mousedeer. while virus isolation and serologic analyses indicate that pestiviruses are circulating in these populations, little is known regarding their impact. the lack of regular survei ... | 2016 | 27379051 |
| persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in domestic and wild small ruminants and camelids including the mountain goat (oreamnos americanus). | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus best known for causing a variety of disease syndromes in cattle, including gastrointestinal disease, reproductive insufficiency, immunosuppression, mucosal disease, and hemorrhagic syndrome. the virus can be spread by transiently infected individuals and by persistently infected animals that may be asymptomatic while shedding large amounts of virus throughout their lifetime. bvdv has been reported in over 40 domestic and free-ranging species, an ... | 2016 | 26779126 |
| the influence of host blood on infection rates in glossina morsitans sspp. infected with trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei and t. simiae. | trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei and t. simiae isolated from wild-caught glossina pallidipes were fed to laboratory-reared g. morsitans centralis and g.m. morsitans to determine the effect of host blood at the time of the infective feed on infection rates. bloodstream forms of trypanosomes were membrane-fed to flies either neat, or mixed with blood from cows, goats, pigs, buffalo, eland, waterbuck and oryx. the use of different bloods for the infective feed resulted in differences in infection ... | 1993 | 8355996 |
| x chromosome evolution in the suni and eland antelope: detection of homologous regions by fluorescence in situ hybridization and g-banding. | comparative cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) were used to track structural rearrangements in the x chromosomes of two african antelope species, the eland (taurotragus oryx; tribe tragelaphini) and the suni (neotragus moschatus; tribe neotragini). using two microdissected cattle chromosome painting probes (one specific for xp-containing sequences corresponding to xp24-->p12 of the cattle x, and one specific for xq-containing sequences corresponding to xq12-->qter), we sh ... | 1997 | 9284920 |
| dna sequence analyses reveal co-occurrence of novel haplotypes of fasciola gigantica with f. hepatica in south africa and zimbabwe. | the aim of this study was to identify and determine the genetic diversity of fasciola species in cattle from zimbabwe, the kwazulu-natal and mpumalanga provinces of south africa and selected wildlife hosts from zimbabwe. this was based on analysis of dna sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its1 and 2) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (co1) regions. the sample of 120 flukes was collected from livers of 57 cattle at 4 abattoirs in zimbabwe and 47 cattle at 6 abatt ... | 2015 | 26476916 |
| study on the sequential tsetse-transmitted trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei brucei and t. vivax infections to african buffalo, eland, waterbuck, n'dama and boran cattle. | susceptibility of african buffalo, eland, waterbuck, n'dama and boran cattle to sequential glossina morsitans centralis-transmitted infections of trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei brucei and t. vivax was compared, and their possible role as reservoirs of these parasites for g. moristans centralis, g. pallidipes, g. austeni, g. brevipalpis and g. longipennis determined. the buffalo, eland, waterbuck and n'dama controlled t. congolense parasitaemias and were able to prevent anaemia. by contrast, o ... | 1999 | 9950344 |
| impacts of ungulates on the demography and diversity of small mammals in central kenya. | the impacts of ungulates on small mammals in an east african savanna habitat were investigated by monitoring the population and community responses of small mammals on replicated 4-ha plots from which ungulates had been excluded. the dominant small mammal in this habitat is the pouched mouse, saccostomusmearnsi, a medium-sized murid rodent. eight other small mammal species, including arvicanthis sp., mus sp., mastomys sp., dendromus sp., crocidura sp., and, rarely, tatera sp., aethomys sp., and ... | 1998 | 28308070 |
| evidence for persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in a captive mountain goat (oreamnos americanus). | bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) viruses are pestiviruses that have been isolated from domestic and wild ruminants. there is serologic evidence of pestiviral infection in more than 40 species of free-range and captive mammals. vertical transmission can produce persistently infected animals that are immunotolerant to the infecting strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and shed virus throughout their lives. seven species (white-tailed deer, mouse deer, eland, domestic cattle, alpaca, sheep, and ... | 2008 | 18987224 |
| the arteries of brain base in species of the cervid family. | the aim of the article was to describe the pattern of main arteries at the encephalon base, their connections, and varieties. this study included 106 specimens of the head and cerebral arteries of the following eight species of the cervid family: reindeer, chital, eld's deer, wapiti, sika deer, fallow deer, pere david's deer or milu, and reeve's or chinese muntjac. the arteries of the animals under study were filled with acetone-dissolved stained vinyl superchloride or stained latex lbs3060. the ... | 2015 | 25399744 |
| probematch: rapid alignment of oligonucleotides to genome allowing both gaps and mismatches. | summary: we have developed a tool, called probematch, for matching a large set of oligonucleotide sequences against a genome database using gapped alignments. unlike most of the existing tools such as eland which only perform ungapped alignments allowing at most two mismatches, probematch generates both ungapped and gapped alignments allowing up to three errors including insertion, deletion and mismatch. to speedup sequence alignment, probematch uses gapped q-grams and q-grams of various pattern ... | 2009 | 19351619 |
| computation of rank and select functions on hierarchical binary string and its application to genome mapping problems for short-read dna sequences. | abstract we have developed efficient in-practice algorithms for computing rank and select functions on a binary string, based on a novel data structure, a hierarchical binary string with hierarchical accumulatives. it efficiently stores decomposed information on partial summations over various scales of subregions of a given binary string, so that the required space overhead ratio is only about 3.5% irrespective of the string length. values of rank and select functions are computed hierarchicall ... | 2009 | 19772398 |
| theileria parva genetic diversity and haemoparasite prevalence in cattle and wildlife in and around lake mburo national park in uganda. | wildlife, especially cape buffalo (syncerus caffer), are thought to act as a reservoir for many of the important tick-borne pathogens of cattle. in this study, we have determined the prevalence of the most significant tick-borne haemoparasites in wildlife (buffalo, impala, eland and bushbuck) as well as in cattle grazing inside and neighbouring lake mburo national park (lmnp) in uganda. a high percentage of buffalo were carriers of theileria parva, theileria mutans, theileria velifera, theileria ... | 2011 | 20827491 |
| buffalo, bush meat, and the zoonotic threat of brucellosis in botswana. | brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance infecting humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. little is known about the epidemiology and persistence of brucellosis in wildlife in southern africa, particularly in botswana. | 2012 | 22412932 |
| severe laminitis in multiple zoo species. | a 10-year record review from a zoological institution in the western usa identified four cases of severe laminitis resulting in rotation and protrusion of the third phalanx through the sole. laminitis is reported in a masai giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi), a sichuan takin (budorcas taxicolor tibetana), a greater malayan chevrotain (tragulus napu) and a giant eland (taurotragus derbianus). this is the first report of severe laminitis with pedal bone rotation and protrusion in multi ... | 2014 | 24730432 |
| the abundance of eland, buffalo, and wild pigs in middle and later stone age sites. | | 2010 | 20875912 |
| responses of urban crows to con- and hetero-specific alarm calls in predator and non-predator zoo enclosures. | urban animals and birds in particular are able to cope with diverse novel threats in a city environment such as avoiding novel, unfamiliar predators. predator avoidance often includes alarm signals that can be used also by hetero-specifics, which is mainly the case in mixed-species flocks. it can also occur when species do not form flocks but co-occur together. in this study we tested whether urban crows use alarm calls of conspecifics and hetero-specifics (jackdaws, corvus monedula) differently ... | 2017 | 27796660 |
| species identification of autoclaved meat samples using antisera to thermostable muscle antigens in an enzyme immunoassay. | an enzyme immunoassay (eia) suitable for use in identification of cooked and autoclaved meat samples using antisera to thermostable muscle antigens (tma) is described. goat antisera to tma of various species were tested against homologous and heterologous partially purified thermostable muscle antigens (ptma) in an indirect eia. goat anti-eland and anti-cattle tma sera were the poorest in differentiating other species ptmas. identification of various species ptmas could be achieved using a batte ... | 1987 | 22056047 |
| extreme wildlife declines and concurrent increase in livestock numbers in kenya: what are the causes? | there is growing evidence of escalating wildlife losses worldwide. extreme wildlife losses have recently been documented for large parts of africa, including western, central and eastern africa. here, we report extreme declines in wildlife and contemporaneous increase in livestock numbers in kenya rangelands between 1977 and 2016. our analysis uses systematic aerial monitoring survey data collected in rangelands that collectively cover 88% of kenya's land surface. our results show that wildlife ... | 2016 | 27676077 |
| effects of age, sex, lactation and social dominance on faecal egg count patterns of gastrointestinal nematodes in farmed eland (taurotragus oryx). | the eland is a large african antelope that can be bred in a temperate climate, under similar conditions and production systems as cattle. however, knowledge of parasites in farmed elands outside the area of their native habitat is still limited, and information concerning factors that influence these parasites is lacking. therefore, faecal samples from an entire herd of elands, including calves and adult females and males, were examined monthly over a one year period. almost 84% of the animals w ... | 2015 | 26277201 |
| a molecular cytogenetic analysis of the tribe bovini (artiodactyla: bovidae: bovinae) with an emphasis on sex chromosome morphology and nor distribution. | q-band comparisons were made among representative species of the four genera of the tribe bovini (bos, bison, bubalus, syncerus) as well as to selected outgroup taxa representing the remaining two tribes of the subfamily bovinae (nilgai, boselaphini; eland, tragelphini), the bovidae subfamily caprinae (domestic sheep) and the family cervidae (sika deer and white-tailed deer). extensive autosomal arm homologies were noted, but relatively few derivative character states were shared. focus was then ... | 1999 | 10560971 |
| changes in serum calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels in captive ruminants affected by diet manipulation. | a combination of low serum calcium (ca), high serum phosphorus (p), and low serum magnesium (mg) has been observed in individual captive ruminants, primarily affecting kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros), eland (taurotragus oryx), nyala (tragelaphus angasii), bongo (tragelaphus eurycerus), and giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis). these mineral abnormalities have been associated with chronic laminitis, acute tetany, seizures, and death. underlying rumen disease secondary to feeding highly fermentable ca ... | 2010 | 20945636 |
| implications of the placental structure compatibility for interspecies embryo transfer. | comparative histological features of the chorionic villi in placental cotyledons of the common eland (taurotragus oryx ) and bongo (boocercus euryceros ) antelopes and okapi (okapia johnstoni ) and giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis ) were examined. the chorionic villi in both antelope species showed only moderate branching and/or surface corrugation and their cross-sections were polygonal to oval. the close similarity in the structure of cotyledons has been apparently a contributing factor for suc ... | 1987 | 16726356 |
| wildlife population dynamics in human-dominated landscapes under community-based conservation: the example of nakuru wildlife conservancy, kenya. | wildlife conservation is facing numerous and mounting challenges on private and communal lands in africa, including in kenya. we analyze the population dynamics of 44 common wildlife species in relation to rainfall variation in the nakuru wildlife conservancy (nwc), located in the nakuru-naivasha region of kenya, based on ground total counts carried out twice each year from march 1996 to may 2015. rainfall in the region was quasi-periodic with cycle periods dependent on the rainfall component an ... | 2017 | 28103269 |
| host-parasite list updating of ciliates and fermentation in the digestive tract of wild miscellaneous herbivores in south africa (rsa). | this article is dedicated to the author, burk dehority, who became very ill with cancer. fortunately he confirmed or corrected all identifications on ciliates in this article. this paper was 80% finished when he became ill. he unfortunately passed away in february 2016. | 2017 | 28609902 |
| ungulates rely less on visual cues, but more on adapting movement behaviour, when searching for forage. | finding suitable forage patches in a heterogeneous landscape, where patches change dynamically both spatially and temporally could be challenging to large herbivores, especially if they have no a priori knowledge of the location of the patches. we tested whether three large grazing herbivores with a variety of different traits improve their efficiency when foraging at a heterogeneous habitat patch scale by using visual cues to gain a priori knowledge about potential higher value foraging patches ... | 2017 | 28533947 |
| seroprevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in exotic ruminants and camelids in the czech republic. | neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are the protozoan parasites with definitive hosts from order carnivora. due to vertical transmission, both parasites can cause abortions and neonatal mortality that lead to significant productive and economic losses in the domestic ruminants. the aim of this study was to describe n. caninum and t. gondii seroprevalence in the group of frequently farmed captive exotic ruminants (n = 184) including bovidae (barbary sheep, bezoar goat, common eland, american b ... | 2017 | 28497227 |
| influence of aesthetic appreciation of wildlife species on attitudes towards their conservation in kenyan agropastoralist communities. | the influence of human aesthetic appreciation of animal species on public attitudes towards their conservation and related decision-making has been studied in industrialized countries but remains underexplored in developing countries. working in three agropastoralist communities around amboseli national park, southern kenya, we investigated the relative strength of human aesthetic appreciation on local attitudes towards the conservation of wildlife species. using semi-structured interviewing and ... | 2014 | 24551176 |
| rinderpest epidemic in wild ruminants in kenya 1993-97. | a severe epidemic of rinderpest, affecting mainly wild ruminants, occurred between 1993 and 1997 in east africa. buffalo (syncerus caffer), eland (taurotragus oryx) and lesser kudu (tragelaphus imberbis) were highly susceptible. the histopathological changes, notably individual epithelial cell necrosis with syncytia formation, were consistent with an infection with an epitheliotrophic virus. serology, the polymerase chain reaction, and virus isolation confirmed the diagnosis and provided epidemi ... | 1999 | 10579537 |
| adaptive heterothermy and selective brain cooling in arid-zone mammals. | adaptive heterothermy and selective brain cooling are regarded as important thermal adaptations of large arid-zone mammals. adaptive heterothermy, a process which reduces evaporation by storing body heat, ought to be enhanced by ambient heat load and by water deficit, but most mammals studied fail to show at least one of those attributes. selective brain cooling, the reduction of brain temperature below arterial blood temperature, is most evident in artiodactyls, which possess a carotid rete, an ... | 2002 | 11923074 |
| a questionnaire survey of the management and use of anthelmintics in cattle and antelope in mixed farming systems in zimbabwe. | a survey of the management of mixed farming of cattle and antelope and use of anthelmintics was conducted on eleven farms between august and december 1999 by a self-administered questionnaire. seventeen antelope species ranging from grey duikers (sylvicapra grimmia) to eland (taurotragus oryx) occurred on the farms. impala (aepyceros melampus) was the most abundant antelope on the farms. seventy-five per cent of the antelope species on the farms were grazers and mixed feeders and shared grazing ... | 2002 | 12240773 |
| effect of dehydration on thermoregulation in eland and hartebeest. | | 1979 | 474791 |
| thermoregulation and heat balance of the east african eland and hartebeest. | | 1972 | 5030193 |
| redescriptions of haemonchus mitchelli and haemonchus okapiae (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea) and description of a unique synlophe for the haemonchinae. | in the course of a revision of haemonchus cobb, 1898 (nematoda), commonly referred to as large stomach worms, significant new morphological information was discovered that allows the recognition of 2 species believed for more than 50 yr to be synonymous. both species, haemonchus mitchelli le roux, 1929, from the eland taurotragus oryx and other african ruminants and h. okapiae van den berghe, 1937, from the okapi okapia johnstoni, have a synlophe of 42 ridges, but the synlophe of h. mitchelli is ... | 2002 | 12435136 |
| indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibody against rift valley fever virus in domestic and wild ruminant sera. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-elisa) for the detection of specific igg immunoglobulins against rift valley fever virus (rvfv) was validated in-house. a total of 3055 sera from sheep (n = 1159), goats (n = 636), cattle (n = 203), african buffalo (n = 928), and other wild ruminants (n = 129), including eland, kudu, and black wildebeest, was used. sera from domestic ruminants were collected in west (n = 10), south (n = 1654) and east africa (n = 334), and sera from wild ruminants ... | 2003 | 12825681 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the microbial populations in the wild herbivore gastrointestinal tract: insights into an unexplored niche. | at present, there is little information on the phylogenetic diversity of microbial species that inhabit the gastrointestinal tracts of wildlife. to increase understanding in this area, we initiated a characterization of the bacterial diversity in the digestive tracts of three wild african ruminant species namely eland (taurotragus oryx), thompson's gazelle (gazella rufifrons) and grant's gazelle (gazella granti), together with a domesticated ruminant species, zebu cattle (bos indicus), and a non ... | 2003 | 14641599 |
| interactions among host diet, nutritional status and gastrointestinal parasite infection in wild bovids. | in this study, i explored the interactions among host diet, nutritional status and gastrointestinal parasitism in wild bovids by examining temporal patterns of nematode faecal egg shedding in species with different diet types during a drought and non-drought year. study species included three grass and roughage feeders (buffalo, hartebeest, waterbuck), four mixed or intermediate feeders (eland, grant's gazelle, impala, thomson's gazelle) and two concentrate selectors (dik-dik, klipspringer). six ... | 2004 | 15013743 |
| experience with drugs for capture and restraint of wildebeest, impala, eland and hartebeest in kenya. | two hundred and sixteen wildebeest (connochaetes taurinus), 111 impala (aepyceros melampus), 39 eland (taurotragus oryx) and 9 hartebeest (alcelaphlus buselaphus cokii) were drug-immobilized for capture or for handling in captivity. drugs used for capture were combinations of xylazine, etorphine and acepromazine, or xylazine and fentanyl, with or without the addition of azaperone. for restraint in captivity, xylazine alone proved to be satisfactory in most instances. drugs were injected with pro ... | 1976 | 16498891 |
| land use, redd+ and the status of wildlife populations in yaeda valley, northern tanzania. | redd+ projects primarily focus on reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries. these projects are regularly evaluated against their core objective of conserving carbon stocks, but their contribution to biodiversity conservation has rarely been assessed. to assess the conservation value of the area and the relative performance of a redd+ land use plan in yaeda valley, a semi-arid savannah ecosystem in northern tanzania, we implemented an annual wild ... | 2019 | 30947305 |
| a spatial ecology study in a high-diversity host community to understand blood-feeding behaviour in phlebotomus sandfly vectors of leishmania. | molecular studies indicate that phlebotomine sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) blood feed on many vertebrate species, of which only a few are proven parasite reservoirs. investigating sandfly vector feeding preferences is therefore important and requires taking into account the availability and accessibility of host species. in terms of the latter, it is necessary to consider the metabolic cost to the insect of reaching the host and moving on to a suitable breeding site. the present study used st ... | 2020 | 31930740 |
| long-term persistence of wildlife populations in a pastoral area. | facilitating coexistence between people and wildlife is a major conservation challenge in east africa. some conservation models aim to balance the needs of people and wildlife, but the effectiveness of these models is rarely assessed. using a case-study approach, we assessed the ecological performance of a pastoral area in northern tanzania (manyara ranch) and established a long-term wildlife population monitoring program (carried out intermittently from 2003 to 2008 and regularly from 2011 to 2 ... | 2020 | 33005359 |
| the genus hyalomma koch, 1844. i. reinstatement of hyalomma (euhyalomma) glabrum delpy, 1949 (acari, ixodidae) as a valid species with a redescription of the adults, the first description of its immature stages and notes on its biology. | for nearly 50 years the ixodid tick hyalomma marginatum turanicum, reputedly introduced into south africa on imported persian sheep, has been considered identical to the asian hyalomma (euhyalomma) marginatum turanicum pomerantzev, 1946. comparisons of this tick with the asian h. (e.) m. turanicum and other subspecies of hyalomma (euhyalomma) marginatum, however, reveal that it is an old taxon, namely hyalomma rufipes glabrum delpy, 1949. it is hereby reinstated as hyalomma (euhyalomma) glabrum, ... | 2006 | 16715874 |
| isolation, culture and characterisation of somatic cells derived from semen and milk of endangered sheep and eland antelope. | semen and milk are potential sources of somatic cells for genome banks. in the present study, we cultured and characterised cells from: (1) cooled sheep milk; (2) fresh, cooled and frozen-thawed semen from gulf coast native (gcn) sheep (ovis aries); and (3) fresh eland (taurotragus oryx) semen. cells attached to the culture surface from fresh (29%), cooled (43%) and slow-frozen (1 degrees c/min; 14%) ram semen, whereas no attachment occurred in the fast-frozen (10 degrees c/min) group. prolifera ... | 2007 | 17524303 |
| ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected from animals in three western, semi-arid nature reserves in south africa. | the objective of this study was to make an inventory of the ixodid tick species infesting wild animals in three western, semi-arid nature reserves in south africa. to this end 22 animals in the kgalagadi transfrontier park, 10 in the west coast national park and 16 in the karoo national park were examined. fourteen tick species were recovered, of which hyalomma truncatum, rhipicephalus exophthalmos and rhipicephalus glabroscutatum were each present in two reserves and the remainder only in one. ... | 2007 | 17708155 |
| cloned embryos from semen. part 2: intergeneric nuclear transfer of semen-derived eland (taurotragus oryx) epithelial cells into bovine oocytes. | the production of cloned offspring by nuclear transfer (nt) of semen-derived somatic cells holds considerable potential for the incorporation of novel genes into endangered species populations. because oocytes from endangered species are scarce, domestic species oocytes are often used as cytoplasts for interspecies nt. in the present study, epithelial cells isolated from eland semen were used for intergeneric transfer (ignt) into enucleated bovine oocytes and compared with bovine nt embryos. cle ... | 2008 | 18241126 |
| cloned embryos from semen. part 1: in vitro proliferation of epithelial cells on embryonic fibroblasts after isolation from semen by gradient centrifugation. | although epithelial-like somatic cells have been previously isolated from semen, cell proliferation rates were low. culture of whole semen samples resulted in loss of potentially valuable spermatozoa. the aims of the present study were to: (1) isolate somatic cells from semen, while preserving sperm viability, and (2) optimize in vitro culture conditions for semen-derived epithelial cells. density gradient centrifugation of washed ejaculates of two rams (ovis aries) (n = 24) and one eland bull ( ... | 2008 | 18241128 |
| phylogenomic study of spiral-horned antelope by cross-species chromosome painting. | chromosomal homologies have been established between cattle (bos taurus, 2n = 60) and eight species of spiral-horned antelope, tribe tragelaphini: nyala (tragelaphus angasii, 2n = 55male/56female), lesser kudu (t. imberbis, 2n = 38male,female), bongo (t. eurycerus, 2n = 33male/34female), bushbuck (t. scriptus, 2n = 33male/34female), greater kudu (t. strepsiceros, 2n = 31male/32female), sitatunga (t. spekei, 2n = 30male,female) derby eland (taurotragus derbianus 2n = 31male/32female) and common e ... | 2008 | 18704723 |
| seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease virus infection in some wildlife and cattle in bauchi state, nigeria. | foot and mouth disease (fmd) is an important transboundary viral disease of both domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals characterized by high morbidity with devastating consequence on the livestock worldwide. despite the endemic nature of fmd in nigeria, little is known about the epidemiology of the disease at the wildlife-livestock interface level. to address this gap, blood samples were collected between 2013 and 2015 from some wildlife and cattle, respectively, within and around the yankari ... | 2020 | 32257095 |
| influence of cattle on browsing and grazing wildlife varies with rainfall and presence of megaherbivores. | in many savanna ecosystems worldwide, livestock share the landscape and its resources with wildlife. the nature of interactions between livestock and wildlife is a subject of considerable interest and speculation, yet little controlled experimental research has been carried out. since 1995, we have been manipulating the presence and absence of cattle and large mammalian herbivore wildlife in a kenyan savanna in order to better understand how different herbivore guilds influence habitat use by sp ... | 2017 | 27935669 |
| influence of ageing on the physical qualities of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum and biceps femoris muscles from male and female free-ranging common eland (taurotragus oryx). | the physical quality changes (ph, purge loss, cooking loss, drip loss, warner-bratzler shear force and cie lab colour) of vacuum-packaged longissimus thoracis et lumborum (ltl) and biceps femoris (bf) muscles were determined for male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) eland during a 35-day post-mortem ageing period at 4 °c. the bf and ltl muscles reached maximum tenderness (57 to 67 n) at day 17 and 21, respectively, but could still be considered tough after ageing. purge losses increased throughout age ... | 2020 | 31470198 |
| effect of species-specific differences in chromosome morphology on chromatin compaction and the frequency and distribution of rad51 and mlh1 foci in two bovid species: cattle (bos taurus) and the common eland (taurotragus oryx). | meiotic recombination between homologous chromosomes is crucial for their correct segregation into gametes and for generating diversity. we compared the frequency and distribution of mlh1 foci and rad51 foci, synaptonemal complex (sc) length and dna loop size in two related bovidae species that share chromosome arm homology but show an extreme difference in their diploid chromosome number: cattle (bos taurus, 2n = 60) and the common eland (taurotragus oryx, 2nmale = 31). compared to cattle, sign ... | 2016 | 26194101 |
| minerals in the blood, hair, and faeces of the critically endangered western derby eland under human care in two wildlife reserves in senegal. | the widely used means of investigating animal mineral profiles are blood serum or plasma and internal organ tissues. the acquisition of these types of samples can be invasive and requires much effort. these factors become key obstacles in the case of rare and elusive species such as the western derby eland (taurotragus derbianus derbianus, wde), which is a critically endangered antelope with a current distribution limited to the niokolo koba national park, and two wildlife reserves in senegal. o ... | 2020 | 31338803 |
| comparison of meat quality between eland (taurotragus oryx) and cattle (bos taurus) raised under similar conditions. | physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of meat were compared between non-domestic eland (taurotragus oryx) bulls (n=6) and domestic fleckvieh (bos taurus) bulls (n=6) which were finished under controlled conditions of feeding and management. musculus longissimus lumborum from eland were darker and less yellow in colour, with a higher ph24 and lower contents of intramuscular fat and total collagen, compared to cattle. contents (mg/100 g muscle tissue) and proportions (g/100 g of fa determ ... | 2014 | 23954274 |
| larger antelopes are sensitive to heat stress throughout all seasons but smaller antelopes only during summer in an african semi-arid environment. | heat stress can limit the activity time budget of ungulates due to hyperthermia, which is relevant for african antelopes in ecosystems where temperature routinely increases above 40 °c. body size influences this thermal sensitivity as large bodied ungulates have a lower surface area to volume ratio than smaller ungulates, and therefore a reduced heat dissipation capacity. we tested whether the activity pattern during the day of three antelope species of different body size-eland, blue wildebeest ... | 2014 | 23417331 |
| meiotic behaviour of evolutionary sex-autosome translocations in bovidae. | the recurrent occurrence of sex-autosome translocations during mammalian evolution suggests common mechanisms enabling a precise control of meiotic synapsis, recombination and inactivation of sex chromosomes. we used immunofluorescence and fish to study the meiotic behaviour of sex chromosomes in six species of bovidae with evolutionary sex-autosome translocations (tragelaphus strepsiceros, taurotragus oryx, tragelaphus imberbis, tragelaphus spekii, gazella leptoceros and nanger dama ruficollis) ... | 2016 | 27136937 |
| traumatic myiasis in free-ranging eland, reported from kenya. | for centuries, immature stages of dipterans have infested humans and animals, resulting in a pathological condition referred to as myiasis. myiases are globally distributed but they remain neglected diseases in spite of the great medical and veterinary importance. moreover, there is a paucity of information on the clinical-pathology and/or epidemiology of the infestation, especially in african free ranging wildlife. | 2013 | 23566876 |
| description of a new species of eimeria schneider, 1875 (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from the western derby eland taurotragus derbianus derbianus gray (artiodactyla: bovidae) in senegal. | examination of faecal samples from semi-captive western derby elands taurotragus derbianus derbianus gray, in the bandia and fathala reserves of senegal, revealed the presence of oöcysts of the genus eimeria schneider, 1875 that we considered to represent a new species, eimeria derbiani n. sp. the new species possesses nearly ellipsoidal oöcysts (length/width ratio 1.3) with a bi-layered wall and an average size of 27.6 × 21.5 μm. e. derbiani possesses a micropyle covered by a micropylar cap and ... | 2012 | 22581248 |
| jo eland may be gone, but her legacy remains. | | 2016 | 27863586 |
| evolution of the ungulate dewlap: thermoregulation rather than sexual selection or predator deterrence? | dewlaps are iconic features of several ungulate species and, although a role in signalling has been postulated, their function remains largely unexplored. we recently failed to find any age-independent link between dewlap size and social status in the common eland (tragelaphus oryx), pointing to the possibility that sexual selection may not be the primary cause of dewlap evolution in ungulates. here i use a two-pronged approach to test hypotheses on the function of ungulate dewlaps: an interspec ... | 2016 | 27437025 |
| pathological process induced by demodex sp. (acari: demodicidae) in the skin of eland, taurotragus oryx (pallas). | taxonomic characters of demodex sp. (near to d. kutzeri bukva, 1987) are described and discussed. pronounced, disperse, chronic, multinodular folliculitis induced by this hair follicle inhabitant in the skin of eland, taurotragus oryx, is described at the histological level. | 1988 | 3417205 |
| lead exposure in young school children in south african subsistence fishing communities. | lead is an established toxic substance, with wide-ranging health effects, including neurodevelopmental decrements and behavioural problems, even at low levels in blood. anecdotal reports of lead melting to make fishing sinkers in south african subsistence fishing communities prompted the conduct of an epidemiological study in two south african fishing villages to investigate the extent of lead melting and the associated risks in children. | 2013 | 23838130 |
| the conflict between cheetahs and humans on namibian farmland elucidated by stable isotope diet analysis. | large areas of namibia are covered by farmland, which is also used by game and predator species. because it can cause conflicts with farmers when predators, such as cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus), hunt livestock, we assessed whether livestock constitutes a significant part of the cheetah diet by analysing the stable isotope composition of blood and tissue samples of cheetahs and their potential prey species. according to isotopic similarities, we defined three isotopic categories of potential prey: ... | 2014 | 25162403 |
| investigating the contributing factors to postmortem ph changes in springbok, eland, red hartebeest and kudu edible offal. | the objective of the study was to assess ph measurements between offal organs of different species and the association between ph taken 4 h post-slaughter and different predictor variables in the liver and lungs. a linear regression analysis was conducted on selected variables to identify the main predictors and their interactions affecting the ph of meat 4 h post-slaughter. in an increasing order of magnitude during winter, the ph achieved at 16 h - 36 h post-slaughter in springbok heart, liver ... | 2013 | 23718196 |
| the content of tocols in south african wheat; impact on nutritional benefits. | wheat is a major component within human consumption, and due to the large intake of wheat, it has an impact on human nutritional health. this study aimed at an increased understanding of how the content and composition of tocols may be governed for increased nutritional benefit of wheat consumption. therefore, ten south african wheat cultivars from three locations were fractionated into white and whole flour, the content and concentration of tocols were evaluated by high performance liquid chrom ... | 2017 | 29099067 |
| a comparison of sweat gland activity in eight species of east african bovids. | 1. the pattern and control of the sweat glands of eight species of wild bovids has been studied.2. heat exposure resulted in changes in cutaneous moisture loss which showed considerable species variation. duiker, grant's gazelle, thomson's gazelle and oryx all demonstrated periodic discharges of moisture on to the surface of the skin. defassa waterbuck and eland exhibited discharges which were accompanied by a gradual rise in basal level. buffalo showed an immediate large increase which was sust ... | 1969 | 5821863 |
| stampy: a statistical algorithm for sensitive and fast mapping of illumina sequence reads. | high-volume sequencing of dna and rna is now within reach of any research laboratory and is quickly becoming established as a key research tool. in many workflows, each of the short sequences ("reads") resulting from a sequencing run are first "mapped" (aligned) to a reference sequence to infer the read from which the genomic location derived, a challenging task because of the high data volumes and often large genomes. existing read mapping software excel in either speed (e.g., bwa, bowtie, elan ... | 2011 | 20980556 |
| a comparative study of children's pain reactions and perceptions to amsa injection using cclad versus traditional injections. | pain control is an important part of dentistry, particularly in pediatric dentistry. recently, a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (cclad) has been developed to reduce pain related to the local anesthetic injection. in conjunction with this technology, a new approach to the anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves (amsa) has been induced. studies evaluating the cclad in pediatric dentistry showed variable results regarding its use in pediatric dentistry. further evaluation ... | 2010 | 20578658 |
| identification of moraxella lacunata from pulmonary abscesses in three zoo herbivores. | although moraxella lacunata causes conjunctivitis, keratitis, endocarditis, and otolaryngitis in humans, its infection is rare in animals. we report three cases of asymptomatic pulmonary abscesses caused by m. lacunata in zoo herbivores, including two elks (cervus canadensis) and a common eland (taurotragus oryx). in all cases, macroscopic findings included coalescence of lung lobes and severe pulmonary abscesses filled with cheese-like materials in cysts. microscopic findings included pneumonia ... | 2018 | 30369588 |
| probabilistic health risk assessment of heavy metals at wastewater discharge points within the vaal river basin, south africa. | recently in south africa, wastewater treatment plants (wwtp) have come under scrutiny because of increased reports of their ineffectiveness to treat wastewater adequately. this study focused on assessing potential health risks for humans exposed to concentrations of heavy metals in river systems that receive effluents from wastewater treatment plants in the maluti-a-phofung municipality. untreated influents and treated effluents from two plants, one in the town of phuthaditjhaba, the other in th ... | 2020 | 31784328 |
| ecology and epidemiology of rabies in humans, domestic animals and wildlife in namibia, 2011-2017. | rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease that causes a heavy burden on societies. namibia, a country in southern africa, is aiming at controlling the disease in its main reservoir, the domestic dog. to facilitate the implementation comprehensive information on the ecology and epidemiology of the disease and surveillance is of utmost importance. the study presented assesses the baseline data for both human and animal rabies surveillance in namibia in recent times and establishes correlations with ecolo ... | 2019 | 30990805 |
| changes in the physico-chemical attributes through processing of salami made from blesbok (damaliscus pygargus phillipsi), eland (taurotragus oryx), fallow deer (dama dama), springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) and black wildebeest (connochaetes gnou) in comparison to pork. | drying kinetics and changes in proximate composition, ph, salt content, water activity (aw) and lipid oxidation through processing of salami made using five different game meat species were evaluated and compared to pork. eight batches of salami from each species were made and sampled for analysis throughout processing. processing time was a significant factor on all measured attributes whilst species affected (p ≤ .05) ph and moisture but not drying kinetics. black wildebeest meat exhibited hig ... | 2018 | 30138886 |
| ultrasonographic-guided retrieval and in vitro maturation of eland (taurotragus oryx) and bongo (tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci) antelope oocytes. | the limited availability of gametes is a major factor hindering the development and application of assisted reproductive technologies (art) in large non-domestic ungulates. this is partly due to the small number of captive animals and handling difficulties associated with procedures for gamete recovery. in the present study, results are reported of multi-year studies on ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval by ultrasonographic-guided transvaginal follicular aspiration and subsequent in vitro ... | 2009 | 18387759 |
| blood mineral profile of the critically endangered western derby eland (taurotragus derbianus derbianus) in two conservation breeding reserves in senegal. | for many nondomestic species, nutritional requirements and the challenges faced in their current habitats are unknown. this is the case of small semi-captive population of the critically endangered western derby eland held in two wildlife reserves (the bandia and the fathala) in senegal. the aim of this study was to determine the mineral profile (ca, p, mg, cu, fe, zn, se, k, s) in blood serum and to identify potential mineral deficiencies. serum data (11 individuals) were compared to other trag ... | 2020 | 32749008 |
| comparison of divergent breeding management strategies in two species of semi-captive eland in senegal. | breeding management of small populations may have a critical influence on the development of population characteristics in terms of levels of genetic diversity and inbreeding. two populations of antelope sister species - critically endangered western derby eland (tauroragus derbianus derbianus) and non-native least concern cape eland (taurotragus oryx oryx) bred under different management strategies were studied in senegal, western africa. the aims of the study were to compare the population gen ... | 2020 | 32483255 |
| ante-and post-mortem strategies to improve the meat quality of high-value muscles harvested from farmed male common eland (taurotragus oryx). | the effects of immunocastration, pelvic suspension and wet ageing on the meat quality of the longissimus lumborum et thoracis (ltl) and biceps femoris (bf) muscles of male common eland were evaluated. ten subadult males were either immunocastrated (n = 5) or remained intact (n = 5) throughout a four-month growth trial, after which their carcass sides were randomly allocated to either pelvic- or achilles-suspension. the ltl and bf were further aged for 14 days, measuring changes in the physical q ... | 2020 | 32438250 |
| digesta passage in common eland (taurotragus oryx) on a monocot or a dicot diet. | the way that fluids and particles move through the forestomach of a ruminant is species-specific, and can be used to classify ruminants according to their digestive physiology into 'moose-types' (with little difference in fluid and small particle passage) and 'cattle-types' (where fluids move through the forestomach much faster than small particles). so far, 'moose-types' appear limited to a dietary niche of browsing, whereas 'cattle-types' are particularly prominent in the intermediate and graz ... | 2020 | 32387134 |
| sensory characteristics of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum and biceps femoris muscles from male and female common eland (taurotragus oryx). | the sensory attributes of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (ltl) and biceps femoris (bf) muscles were compared for male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) eland. descriptive sensory analysis showed that the meat from cows, and the bf muscle, had greater overall flavour scores, primarily characterized as beef-like flavour (r = 0.926). unfavourable aroma and flavour attributes received low scores, indicating good potential for fresh eland meat to be marketed commercially. the two muscles showed separa ... | 2019 | 31450093 |
| evaluating pain induced by venipuncture in pediatric patients with developmental delay. | little attention has been paid to the assessment of pain in children with developmental delay. the aim of this study was to explore several methods for assessing pain during venipuncture in this population of children, using classic and modified scales to evaluate the children's response to simplified tools. | 2019 | 15100591 |
| self-report assessment of recurrent abdominal pain. | pain is the principal, and often the only symptom in cases of recurrent abdominal pain (rap). the purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical background behind the pain symptom and the pain's capacity for differentiation in the diagnostic assessment of a group of 86 children suffering from rap and observed at a pediatric gastroenterology service. the self-rating methods applied to the children included a verbal scale and a visual analogue scale (vas) for scoring the pain, and the eland met ... | 2013 | 11293145 |
| drivers of diet selection of critically endangered western derby eland during the food shortage period within conservation breeding in senegal. | browsers represent a challenge for breeding facilities because of their sensitivity to nutritional management. western derby eland (tautrotragus derbianus derbianus, wde) is a large browsing antelope with a very diverse diet. because of its critically endangered status, a small wde population is kept for conservation purposes in the fenced fathala reserve (senegal) and during the critical, hot dry season, the animals are offered supplementary acacia albida pods. we aimed to identify which woody ... | 2019 | 31213612 |
| brain, abdominal and arterial blood temperatures of free-ranging eland in their natural habitat. | using implanted miniature data loggers we measured brain, arterial blood and abdominal temperatures at 5-min intervals in two free-ranging eland (tragelaphus oryx) in their natural habitat. the animals were subjected to a nychthemeral range of globe temperature which exceeded 40 degrees c. arterial blood exhibited a moderate amplitude (2.3 degrees c) nychthemeral rhythm, with a temperature peak at 1600-1800 hours, and a trough in the early morning at 0600-0800 hours. mean abdominal temperature w ... | 1999 | 10555565 |
| sex influence on muscle yield and physiochemical characteristics of common eland (taurotragus oryx) meat. | to investigate the potential of eland for meat production, the yield, physical quality and chemical composition of seven muscles were characterized from both male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) carcasses. although carcass weights did not differ, cows had greater biceps femoris (bf), semitendinosus (st) and supraspinatus (ss) muscle yields. the semimembranosus (sm) from cows had the greatest drip loss and were more yellow (b*) than all muscles evaluated from both sexes. shear force measurements showe ... | 2019 | 30802817 |
| investigations into the host specificity of theileria taurotragi. | all theileria parasites have definitive natural hosts that act as carriers. incidental infections of uncommon hosts do occur raising questions regarding host specificity and its drivers. reported hosts for theileria taurotragi include bushbuck, cattle and eland. more recently t. taurotragi was detected in african buffalo, which may have implications for accurate diagnostics of t. parva. the current study therefore investigated the host specificity of t. taurotragi by developing a specific and se ... | 2018 | 29657008 |
| evaluation of mandibular infiltration versus block anesthesia in pediatric dentistry. | the clinical effectiveness of mandibular block anesthesia was compared to that of buccal infiltration anesthesia. a total of eighty patients three to nine years old was selected with identical bilateral lesions. the anesthetic used was mepacaine hcl 2 percent. the treatments performed were restorations, pulpotomies, and extractions. child behavior and pain reaction were recorded and rated at certain intervals of treatment, using the frankl behavioral scale and the sem scale. the eland color scal ... | 2013 | 9328681 |
| postoperative analgesic prescription and administration in a pediatric population. | this study is a replication of the classic work conducted by eland (1974) that investigates the prescription and administration of postoperative analgesics in a pediatric population. this study was conducted to compare and contrast results over almost 20 years to determine whether any changes have occurred in analgesic administration of children in the same large midwestern teaching hospital. this study retrospectively reviewed 25 patient charts matched by age grouping and surgical diagnosis to ... | 1994 | 8064568 |
| the bony horncore of the common eland (taurotragus oryx): composition and mechanical properties of a spiral fighting structure. | horns are permanent structures projecting from the head of bovids, consisting of a bony horncore covered with a layer of skin and then a sheath of keratinous material showing variability of growth intensity based on nutrition. from the point of view of the horn's mechanical properties, the keratin sheath has been widely studied, but only a few studies have considered the complete structure of the horn and fewer studies have focused on the bony horncore and its characteristics. the latter showed ... | 2018 | 29023690 |
| morphology of the lingual papillae of the eland (taurotragus oryx). | we examined the dorsal lingual surfaces of an adult eland (taurotragus oryx) by scanning electron microscopy. filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae were observed. the filiform papillae of the lingual apex consisted of a larger main papilla and smaller secondary papillae. the connective tissue core of the filiform papilla was u-shaped. the fungiform papillae were round in shape. the connective tissue core of the fungiform papilla was flower-bud shaped. the filiform papillae of the lingual body ... | 2016 | 28216542 |
| eland empowers nurses at fna convention. interview by karen e rogers. | | 1989 | 2806675 |
| [helminths in an askaniia-nova herd of eland and experiences in eradicating strongylata infestation]. | parasitological complex studies of the available eland stock (60 individuals) were first carried out. as a result 100 % infection rate of the herd and the age dynamics of strongylatoses were revealed. the autopsy of animals have shown that five species of six species of nematodes and one species of cestodes are common parasites of ruminants of the ukraine steppe zone and two species are specific parasites of eland. for sanitation of the herd an anthelminthic preparation produced in hungary was u ... | 2013 | 4011310 |
| inanition in a derby eland due to foreign body abomasitis. | an adult derby eland bull, taurotragus derbianus (grey) kept in captivity showed wasting over a period of 3 months. it died from acute inhalation pneumonia while being transported in an immobilized state. post mortem examination revealed a chronic ulcerative abomasitis. histopathologically it was established that the abomasitis resulted from penetration of the mucosa by awns of plant material. | 1984 | 6387117 |
| [the role of external respiration and blood circulation in heat emission during exposure of taurotragus oryx canna antelopes to solar heat]. | experiments have been made on 4 elands at the age of 3--4 months, mean body weight 78 kg. at ambient temperature 31.5degrees combined with solar radiation, polypnoe was observed in the animals. under these conditions, only small changes in the body temperature were observed, although skin temperature became 4--6degrees higher than in the morning. heat production was 10% lower than that at 22.5degrees. the animals eliminated about 8% of metabolic heat through respiration in the morning and about ... | 2008 | 941593 |
| correlation indices of cerebral hemodynamics and electrical activity in children with impaired motor skills. | the correlations between the indicators of cerebral hemodynamics and electrical activity in children with impaired motor skills of central origin (children with cerebral palsy) were investigated. there is established a high number of links between indicators of rheoencephalogram (reg) and electroencephalogram (eeg) in the left cerebral hemisphere than in the right. in frontomastoidal allocation 19 correlations and in occipitomastoidal - 59 links. we suppose that poor circulation in vertebroplast ... | 2019 | 29537203 |
| daily or thrice weekly handling of eland antelope (taurotragus oryx): effects on serum cortisol level. | we evaluated the cortisol response of adult female eland (n=8) that were handled in hydraulic chute daily or 3×/week. females were divided into two groups and each group (n=4) successively received two estrous cycle synchronization treatments: (1) two injections of prostaglandin (pg-pg) f2α at 11 day intervals and (2) oral administration of altrenogest for 7 days and an injection of pgf2α on day 7 (alt-pg). blood samples were collected 3×/week during the synchronization (synch) and expected lute ... | 2013 | 23290948 |
| [hematologic data of the antilope elande (taurotragus oryx wagner, 1885) contribution to comparative hematology]. | | 1972 | 4681328 |
| the eland and the oryx. | | 1969 | 5761730 |
| the feeding behavior of eland. | | 1968 | 5691504 |
| the foetal membranes of the eland (oreas canna). | | 1880 | 17231320 |
| igfbp-4 tumor and serum levels are increased across all stages of epithelial ovarian cancer. | we sought to identify candidate serum biomarkers for the detection and surveillance of eoc. based on rna-seq transcriptome analysis of patient-derived tumors, highly expressed secreted proteins were identified using a bioinformatic approach. | 2012 | 22264331 |
| auger decay of molecular double core-hole state. | we report on theoretical auger electron kinetic energy distribution originated from sequential two-step auger decays of molecular double core-hole (dch) state, using ch(4), nh(3), and h(2)co molecules as representative examples. for ch(4) and nh(3) molecules, the dch state has an empty 1s inner-shell orbital and its auger spectrum has two well-separated components. one is originated from the 1st auger transition from the dch state to the triply ionized states with one core hole and two valence h ... | 2011 | 22029313 |
| pericardial myxoid liposarcoma in a common eland (taurotragus oryx). | a pericardial myxoid liposarcoma was diagnosed in a common eland (taurotragus oryx) based on gross, microscopical and immunohistochemical findings. the pericardial and epicardial tissues were soft and uniformly thickened. microscopically, the neoplastic mass consisted of stellate cells embedded in a myxoid matrix. these cells contained cytoplasmic vacuoles stained by oil red o. immunohistochemical analysis showed the neoplastic cells to express vimentin and s-100. | 2011 | 21306730 |
| pentaplacodinium saltonense gen. et sp. nov. (dinophyceae) and its relationship to the cyst-defined genus operculodinium and yessotoxin-producing protoceratium reticulatum. | strains of a dinoflagellate from the salton sea, previously identified as protoceratium reticulatum and yessotoxin producing, have been reexamined morphologically and genetically and pentaplacodinium saltonense n. gen. et sp. is erected to accommodate this species. pentaplacodinium saltonense differs from protoceratium reticulatum (claparède et lachmann 1859) bütschli 1885 in the number of precingular plates (five vs. six), cingular displacement (two widths vs. one), and distinct cyst morphology ... | 2018 | 29306397 |