| (e)-3-tridecen-2-one, an antibiotic from the interdigital glands of black-tailed deer odocoileus hemionus columbianus. | (e)-3-tridecen-2-one, the major volatile component of interdigital gland extracts from the black-tailed deer, odocoileus hemionus columbianus, inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria and fungi. the bacteria, propionibacterium acnes, and the fungi, trichophyton mentagrophytes had a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of 12.5 micrograms/ml and 25 micrograms/ml, respectively. | 1995 | 7729504 |
| susceptibility of phagocytes from elk, deer, bighorn sheep, and domestic sheep to pasteurella haemolytica cytotoxins. | alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood neutrophils from elk (cervus elaphus), bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis), and domestic sheep were exposed to culture supernatants from pasteurella haemolytica isolated from bighorn sheep and domestic sheep. in a second experiment, peripheral blood neutrophils from mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), elk, and bighorn sheep were exposed to culture supernatants from p. haemolytica isolated from elk, bighorn sheep and domestic sheep. alveolar macrophag ... | 1994 | 7760482 |
| electron microscopic findings in brain of rocky mountain elk with chronic wasting disease. | we report here the electron microscopic findings in brain of rocky mountain elk with chronic wasting disease (cdw), a progressive and fatal neurological disorder of wild ruminants characterized neuropathologically by intraneuronal vacuolation, spongiform change of the neuropil and astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia. ultrastructural findings included membrane-bound vacuoles in neuronal elements, increased number of glial filaments, dystrophic neurites, numerous neuritic plaques, hirano bodies ... | 1994 | 7982031 |
| experimental infection of columbian black-tailed deer with the lyme disease spirochete. | the course of borrelia burgdorferi-infection in columbian black-tailed deer. (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), its effect on the health of these animals, and their reservoir competence for fleas were evaluated experimentally. four yearling females inoculated intramuscularly with 10(8) organisms of the ca4 strain of b. burgdorferi, and two yearling males unexposed to spirochetes, were monitored daily for 3 mo. spirochetes were reisolated from the blood of three does at 14 or 70 days postinjectio ... | 1994 | 8151819 |
| antibody prevalence of eight ruminant infectious diseases in california mule and black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus). | we tested 276 sera from 18 free-ranging black-tailed and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) herds in california (usa) collected from 1987 to 1991 in five biogeographical habitat types, for antibodies against eight infectious disease agents. overall antibody prevalence was 56% for anaplasma marginale, 31% for borrelia burgdorferi, 16% for bluetongue virus serotype 17, 15% for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, 7% for coxiella burnetii and toxoplasma gondii, respectively, and 0% for bovine leukosis ... | 1994 | 8151824 |
| serologic detection of bluetongue virus infection of black-tailed deer: comparison of serum neutralization, agar gel immunodiffusion, and competitive elisa assays. | three adult black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) and four fawns were inoculated with bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 10 or 17, or epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) serotype 1. animals were bled at irregular intervals thereafter and the presence of virus-specific antibodies in serum determined by agar gel immunodiffusion (agid), serum neutralization (sn) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa) tests. serum antibodies to btv were detected in all three te ... | 1994 | 8151833 |
| the biology and molecular biology of scrapie-like diseases. | the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse's) are degenerative diseases of the central nervous system which naturally affect man (creutzfeldt-jakob disease [cjd], gerstmann-sträussler syndrome [gss], kuru), sheep and goats (scrapie), cattle (bovine spongiform encephalopathy [bse]), mink (transmissible mink encephalopathy), mule deer, elk and antelope (chronic wasting disease). spongiform encephalopathies have also been diagnosed in captive species of zoo antelope and in domestic cats. mu ... | 1993 | 8219804 |
| prevalence of bluetongue virus expression in leukocytes from experimentally infected ruminants. | replication of bluetongue virus (btv) in leukocytes from the blood of sheep, cattle, elk, and mule deer inoculated with btv serotype 10 or 17 was assessed by immunocytochemical staining and dot blot northern hybridization to determine if differences in the prevalence of infection in this blood fraction might account for the differences in clinical disease among these species. viremia was confirmed by virus isolation in all inoculated animals. analysis of leukocytes with monoclonal antibodies spe ... | 1993 | 8239132 |
| fibrils in brain of rocky mountain elk with chronic wasting disease contain scrapie amyloid. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a progressive, fatal neurological disorder of captive mule deer and rocky mountain elk, is characterized neuropathologically by spongiform change in the neuropil, intraneuronal vacuolation and astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia. recently, scrapie amyloid-immunoreactive plaques have been demonstrated in brain tissues of cwd-affected captive mule deer, rocky mountain elk and hybrids of captive mule deer and white-tailed deer. we now report on the presence of abno ... | 1993 | 8372644 |
| isolation and in vitro cultivation of babesia parasites from free-ranging desert bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis nelsoni) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in california. | protozoal parasites of the genus babesia were isolated for the first time from free-ranging desert bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis nelsoni) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) populations in california by in vitro culture of host blood. these naturally infected animals did not have microscopically detectable parasitemia at the time blood was collected for parasite cultivation. three isolates of small babesia parasites were cultured from different sample groups of bighorn sheep, and 2 isolates of ... | 1993 | 8437062 |
| neuropathology of chronic wasting disease of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni). | the pathology of the central nervous system of nine mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and six elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) with chronic wasting disease, a spongiform encephalopathy of mule deer and elk, was studied by light microscopy. lesions were similar in both species and were characterized by spongiform transformation of gray matter, intracytoplasmic vacuolation of neurons, neuronal degeneration and loss, astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia, occurrence of amyloid plaques, and absence of si ... | 1993 | 8442326 |
| first report of immature thelazia skrjabini (nematoda: thelazioidea) from the eye of a white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus. | the eyes from 103 hunter-killed white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and 19 mule deer (o. hemionus) killed between 28 november to 14 december 1991 from wainwright, alberta were examined for thelazia spp. one immature male and two immature female thelazia skrjabini were collected from beneath the third eyelid of one adult female o. virginianus. this is the first report of t. skrjabini in a member of the cervidae. | 1993 | 8445781 |
| ultrastructural neuropathology of chronic wasting disease in captive mule deer. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a progressive and uniformly fatal neurological disorder, is characterized neuropathologically by intraneuronal vacuolation, spongiform change of the neuropil and astrocytic hyperplasia and hypertrophy. ultrastructural neuropathological findings consist of (1) extensive vacuolation in neuronal processes, within myelin sheaths, formed by splitting at the major dense lines or within axons; (2) dystrophic neurites (dendrites, axonal preterminals and myelinated axons co ... | 1993 | 8480515 |
| forensic identification of ungulate species using restriction digests of pcr-amplified mitochondrial dna. | a survey of mitochondrial d-loop variation in 15 species of ungulates was conducted via amplification by the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. this survey included moose (alces alces), caribou (rangifer tarandus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), black-tailed deer (o. h. columbianus), white-tailed deer (o. virginianus), waipiti (cervus elaphus), pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), stone's she ... | 1995 | 8522926 |
| isolation of coronaviruses antigenically indistinguishable from bovine coronavirus from wild ruminants with diarrhea. | diarrheal feces from three sambar deer and one waterbuck in a wild animal habitat and one white-tailed deer on a wildlife farm in ohio contained coronavirus particles which were agglutinated by antiserum to bovine coronavirus (bcv) in immune electron microscopy. three coronavirus strains were isolated in human rectal tumor cells from the feces of the sambar and white-tailed deer and the waterbuck, respectively. hemagglutination, receptor-destroying enzyme activity, indirect immunofluorescence, h ... | 1995 | 8586714 |
| bovine tuberculosis in a free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from montana. | a survey of 41 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and three white-tailed deer (o. virginianus) for bovine tuberculosis was conducted on a montana (usa) cattle ranch from 2 november 1993 through january 1994. gross and microscopic lesions typical of tuberculosis were present in tonsil and lymph nodes of the head, thorax, and abdomen of one adult female mule deer. additionally, a single microgranuloma considered morphologically suggestive of tuberculosis was present in one lymph node of the head of a ... | 1995 | 8592372 |
| seroprevalence of two babesia spp. isolates in selected bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) populations in california. | sera from 111 bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) and 95 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) were tested using an indirect immunofluorescence assay for antibodies to two isolates of babesia spp. recently obtained from these hosts in california (usa). the study populations were from six locations: three areas of real or potential sympatry of bighorn sheep and deer, one area with deer only, and two areas with bighorn sheep only. antibody titers from seroreactive individuals were similar with both babesial ... | 1995 | 8592376 |
| infectious keratoconjunctivitis in free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from zion national park, utah. | an epizootic of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ik) was studied opportunistically in free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from zion national park, utah (usa), from november 1992 to march 1994. moraxella sp. and chlamydia sp. were isolated from the conjunctiva of two of seven deer. in addition, thelazia californiensis occurred on the conjunctivas of six of seven deer. based on field observations, adults appeared to be affected clinically at a higher incidence during both years as opposed ... | 1996 | 8722272 |
| systemic adenovirus infection associated with high mortality in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in california. | seventeen counties in northern california experienced epizootics of high mortality in the mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) population during the latter half of 1993. thirteen deer submitted to the california veterinary diagnostic laboratory system as part of this natural die-off had systemic adenovirus infection. pulmonary edema was present in all 13 deer. erosions, ulceration, and abscessation of the upper alimentary tract occurred in 7/13 deer. four of 13 deer had hemorrhagic enteritis. all 13 ... | 1996 | 8801705 |
| prevalence of antibody to malignant catarrhal fever virus in wild and domestic ruminants by competitive-inhibition elisa. | a competitive-inhibition elisa (ci-elisa), based on a monoclonal antibody to an epitope conserved among malignant catarrhal fever virus (mcfv) strains of both wildebeest and sheep origin, was used to determine the prevalence of antibody to mcfv in selected domestic and wild ruminants, both free-ranging and captive, from the usa. we evaluated 2528 sera from 14 species between 1990 and 1995, including 80 pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), 339 bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), 103 biston (b ... | 1996 | 8827669 |
| isolation of a poxvirus from a black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus). | a poxvirus was isolated during the latter half of 1993 from a black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) that died of fulminant adenovirus infection in california (usa). the poxvirus was isolated from a pooled tissue homogenate, after repeated serial blind passages in primary black-tailed deer testicular cells. based on electron microscopic examination of the virus, we observed morphologic features typical of the genus orthopoxvirus, although definitive characterization was not done. | 1996 | 8827682 |
| k-casein gene phylogeny of higher ruminants (pecora, artiodactyla). | to assess phylogenetic relationships among the higher ruminants (infraorder pecora, order artiodactyla), we analyzed k-casein dna sequences, including 434 nucleotides of the fourth exon. the higher ruminant families bovidae, cervidae, giraffidae, and antilocapridae each have monophyletic k-casein sequences. maximum parsimony and distance analyses identify giraffidae as a sister group to either cervidae or a bovidae-cervidae clade and antilocapridae as a sister group to a bovidae-cervidae-giraffi ... | 1996 | 8899730 |
| spongiform encephalopathy in free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) in northcentral colorado. | between march 1981 and june 1995, a neurological disease characterized histologically by spongiform encephalopathy was diagnosed in 49 free-ranging cervids from northcentral colorado (usa). mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) were the primary species affected and accounted for 41 (84%) of the 49 cases, but six rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) and two white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were also affected. clinical signs included emaciation, excessive salivation, behavioral changes, ... | 1997 | 9027685 |
| pathogen exposure patterns among sympatric populations of bighorn sheep, mule deer and cattle. | we sampled sympatric bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis, n = 31), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus, n = 38), and domestic cattle (n = 26) in the san bernadino mountains of southern california (usa) for the presence of psoroptes spp. mites and for serologic evidence of exposure to bluetongue virus (btv) and babesia spp. from 1991 through 1994, psoroptes spp. infestations were found on 12 (44%) of 27 bighorn sheep. no mites were found on mule deer or cattle. the btv serum antibody prevalence in a cohort ... | 1997 | 9131583 |
| high sequence homology of the prp gene in mule deer and rocky mountain elk. | | 1997 | 9250209 |
| mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and elk (cervus elaphus) as experimental definitive hosts for fascioloides magna. | in august 1992, six mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus) fawns and four elk (cervus elaphus) calves (n = 2) or yearlings (n = 2) each were inoculated orally with 50, 250, or 2,000 metacercariae of the liver fluke fascioloides magna to evaluate their potential to serve as definitive hosts. animals were maintained for up to 403 days. three mule deer each inoculated with 50 metacercariae survived the infection and shed eggs in feces; thus mule deer can function as definitive hosts for f. magna. ... | 1996 | 9359058 |
| biomechanical implications of mineral content and microstructural variations in cortical bone of horse, elk, and sheep calcanei. | artiodactyl and perissodactyl calcanei have been recently introduced as models for examining bone for mechanically mediated adaptation. we have reported substantial regional variations in cortical bone microstructure and mineral content within the same cross-section of mule deer calcanei. in part, these variations may be adaptations accommodating the customary presence of predominantly tension, compression, and shear strain modes in mutually exclusive cortical locations. calcanei from skeletally ... | 1997 | 9372164 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of mycobacterium bovis isolates from captive and free-ranging animals. | mycobacterium bovis isolates from cattle, captive elk, and free-ranging mule deer and coyotes were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. dna extracted from each isolate was digested with restriction endonucleases alui and pvuii. dna probes used for southern hybridizations were a 37-base oligonucleotide and a 123-base-pair sequence specific for the insertion sequence is6110 and a plasmid, ptbn12, which contains a polymorphic gc-rich repetitive sequence present in s ... | 1997 | 9376427 |
| vitreous humor analysis for selected biochemical parameters from cervids in idaho. | vitreous humor and liver samples were collected from hunter-harvested elk (cervus elaphus) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in idaho (usa). concentrations of calcium, chloride, potassium, sodium, urea nitrogen and selenium were determined and evaluated according to species, age, gender, geographic location, and time elapsed following death. vitreous humor analysis yielded reliable biochemical information for < or = 96 hr subsequent to the death of the animal. vitreous potassium concentration ... | 1997 | 9391961 |
| [transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in animals]. | transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in animals are known for centuries. in particular scrapie in sheep and goats occurs worldwide; it spreads as a natural disease and is genetically controlled. chronic wasting disease (cwd) in the united states (wyoming and colorado) also spreads as natural disease among free ranging and captive elk and mule deer. in contrast, transmissible mink encephalopathy (tme) of mink in fur producing farms is caused by contaminated feed; the source of this food cont ... | 1998 | 9611347 |
| monoclonal antibody f89/160.1.5 defines a conserved epitope on the ruminant prion protein. | the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are a heterogeneous group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders occurring in humans, mink, cats, and ruminant herbivores. the occurrence of novel transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in cattle in the united kingdom and europe and in mule deer and elk in parts of the united states has emphasized the need for reliable diagnostic tests with standardized reagents. postmortem diagnosis is performed by histologic examination of brain sections from affe ... | 1998 | 9620413 |
| new phylogenetic perspectives on the cervidae (artiodactyla) are provided by the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. | the entire mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene was compared for 11 species of the artiodactyl family cervidae, representing all living subfamilies, i.e., the antlered cervinae (cervus elaphus, c. nippon, dama dama), muntiacinae (muntiacus reevesi), and odocoileinae (odocoileus hemionus, mazama sp., capreolus capreolus, c. pygargus, rangifer tarandus, alces alces); and the antlerless hydropotinae (hydropotes inermis). phylogenetic analyses using tragulidae, antilocapridae, giraffidae and bovi ... | 1998 | 9628037 |
| a diet supplement for captive wild ruminants. | nutritional husbandry of captive wild ruminants often requires feeding these animals a supplemental diet to enhance their health, reproductive performance, and productivity. although supplemental diets for wild ruminants are commercially available, few have been evaluated in controlled intake and digestion trials. voluntary intake, digestive efficiency, nitrogen retention, and gross energy utilization of pronghorn (antilocapra americana), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), mountain sheep (ovis can ... | 1998 | 9732028 |
| ehrlichia spp. in cervids from california. | blood samples from six mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), 15 black-tailed deer (o. hemionus columbianus), and 29 elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) were assayed for human monocytic and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), dna sequencing, and serology to determine whether or not cervids are involved in the maintenance of these potential human pathogens in california (usa). the deer were sampled in august to october 1992-95. the 29 tule elk from point reyes n ... | 1998 | 9813842 |
| the host range of chronic wasting disease is altered on passage in ferrets. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a member of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses), was first identified in captive mule and black-tail deer in 1967. due to the failure to transmit cwd to rodents, we investigated the use of ferrets (mustela putorius furo) as a small animal model of cwd. the inoculation of cwd into ferrets resulted in an incubation period of 17-21 months on primary passage that shortened to 5 months by the third ferret passage. the brain tissue of animals inoculated ... | 1998 | 9837794 |
| meningeal worm in free-ranging deer in nebraska. | the meningeal worm (parelaphostrongylus tenuis) was found in 22 (7%) of 300 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) (257 adults, 43 fawns) examined from nebraska (usa) during november 1996. none of 53 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) (47 adults and 6 fawns) examined were infected. twenty-two white-tailed deer from 18 counties in eastern nebraska were infected with parelaphostrongylus tenuis. this is the first record of p. tenuis in white-tailed deer from this state. | 1999 | 10073356 |
| absence of tuberculosis in free-ranging deer in nebraska. | lymph nodes from 271 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in nebraska (usa) were examined microscopically for tuberculoid lesions. lymph nodes lesions in at least one node were found in 12 deer. lesions were examined with zeihl-neelson acid fast stains and by polymerase chain reactions using m. bovis specific probes. no evidence of tuberculosis was found. the small granulomatous lesions were likely caused by other bacteria. | 1999 | 10073357 |
| lesions and transmission of experimental adenovirus hemorrhagic disease in black-tailed deer fawns. | adenovirus infection was the cause of an epizootic of hemorrhagic disease that is believed to have killed thousands of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in california during the latter half of 1993. a systemic vasculitis with pulmonary edema and hemorrhagic enteropathy or a localized vasculitis associated with necrotizing stomatitis/pharyngitis/glossitis or osteomyelitis of the jaw were common necropsy findings in animals that died during this epizootic. to study transmission of adenovirus infecti ... | 1999 | 10098637 |
| bovine spongiform encephalopathy and new variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease. | bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) and creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) belong to a group of degenerative neurological disorders collectively known as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses). the group also includes scrapie of sheep and goats, kuru of humans, chronic wasting disease of mule deer and elk and transmissible encephalopathy of mink. these fatal diseases cause behavioural changes, alterations of sensation, changes in mental state and ataxia. the typical pathology is no ... | 1998 | 10326298 |
| ixodid ticks (acari, ixodidae) found in san diego county, california. | in san diego county, california, 11 species of ixodid ticks were collected from vegetation and/or from small and large mammals, and/or found parasitizing humans. adults of the pacific coast tick, dermacentor occidentalis, were the most abundant tick collected from vegetation, with peak numbers occurring during march and april. adults of the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus, were the second most abundant, with peaks occurring during february and march. eight species of ticks were found ... | 1999 | 10436879 |
| radionuclides in deer and elk from los alamos national laboratory and the doses to humans from the ingestion of muscle and bone. | this paper summarizes radionuclide concentrations (3h, 90sr, 137cs, 238pu, 239,240pu, 241am, and totu) in muscle and bone tissue of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus) collected from los alamos national laboratory (lanl), los alamos, new mexico, lands from 1991 through 1998. also, the committed effective dose equivalent (cede) and the risk of excess cancer fatalities (recf) to people who ingest muscle and bone from deer and elk collected from lanl lands were e ... | 1999 | 10466109 |
| sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in a petting zoo. | in a privately owned petting zoo in arizona, 17 deer from five different species, white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), reeve's muntjac (muntiacus reevesi), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), reindeer (rangifer tarandus), and axis deer (axis axis), died of suspected malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) over a period from late 1992 to early 1995. a pcr assay specific for ovine herpesvirus 2, the putative causative agent of sheep-associated mcf, and a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorb ... | 1999 | 10572865 |
| oral transmission and early lymphoid tropism of chronic wasting disease prpres in mule deer fawns (odocoileus hemionus). | mule deer fawns (odocoileus hemionus) were inoculated orally with a brain homogenate prepared from mule deer with naturally occurring chronic wasting disease (cwd), a prion-induced transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. fawns were necropsied and examined for prpres, the abnormal prion protein isoform, at 10, 42, 53, 77, 78 and 80 days post-inoculation (p.i.) using an immunohistochemistry assay modified to enhance sensitivity. prpres was detected in alimentary-tract-associated lymphoid tissues ... | 1999 | 10573172 |
| elaeophorosis in bighorn sheep in new mexico. | two bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) in new mexico (usa) were found to be naturally infected with elaeophora schneideri. an adult ram examined in 1997 in the fra cristobal mountains had 26 nematodes in the carotid and iliac arteries, and microfilariae were present in the skin, nasal mucosa, brain, and lungs. this ram was markedly debilitated prior to euthanasia and extensive crusty, scabby lesions were observed on its head. in 1998, a yearling ewe found dead adjacent to watson mountain near the g ... | 1999 | 10574542 |
| association of moraxella ovis with keratoconjunctivitis in mule deer and moose in wyoming. | six cases of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and moose (alces alces) in wyoming (usa) were investigated during fall and winter of 1995 and 1996. excessive lacrimation, mucopurulent conjunctivitis, keratitis, and corneal opacity were observed in mule deer. moose had severe mucopurulent conjunctivitis, keratitis, and corneal ulceration. hemolytic, non-piliated moraxella ovis was isolated from two mule deer and two moose. we attempted to reproduce ikc in thr ... | 2000 | 10813605 |
| meningeal worm in deer from western nebraska. | one hundred seventy-eight white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and 275 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) collected from locker plants in the western 2/3 of nebraska (usa) in november 1997 were examined for the meningeal worm (parelaphostrongylus tenuis). parelaphostrongylus tenuis was identified in 17 (10%) of 168 white-tailed deer and in one (<1%) of 273 mule deer. this is the first naturally occurring infection of p. tenuis recorded in a mule deer. | 2000 | 10813621 |
| bartonella spp. isolated from wild and domestic ruminants in north america. | bartonella species were isolated from 49% of 128 cattle from california and oklahoma, 90% of 42 mule deer from california, and 15% of 100 elk from california and oregon. isolates from all 63 cattle, 14 deer, and 1 elk had the same polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles. our findings indicate potential for inter- and intraspecies transmission among ruminants, as well as risk that these bartonella spp. could act as zoonotic agents. | 2000 | 10827123 |
| epizootiology of chronic wasting disease in free-ranging cervids in colorado and wyoming. | surveillance and epidemic modeling were used to study chronic wasting disease (cwd), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that occurs naturally among sympatric, free-ranging deer (odocoileus spp.) and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) populations in contiguous portions of northeastern colorado and southeastern wyoming (usa). we used clinical case submissions to identify endemic areas, then used immunohistochemistry to detect cwd-infected individuals among 5,513 deer and elk sample ... | 2000 | 11085429 |
| bacteria and nematodes in the conjunctiva of mule deer from wyoming and utah. | swabs of conjunctiva were collected from 44 live and 226 hunter-harvested mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from wyoming and utah (usa). we identified 29 gram negative and 22 gram positive bacterial taxonomic categories, but many isolates from hunter-harvested animals were environmental contaminants. staphylococcus spp. and micrococcus spp. were the most common gram positive bacteria isolated, and enterobacter spp., escherichia coli, and pseudomonas spp. were common gram negative bacteria isolated ... | 2000 | 11085445 |
| isolation of bovine viral diarrhea virus from a free-ranging mule deer in wyoming. | a noncytopathic type 1a bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was isolated from a free-ranging yearling female mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from northwestern wyoming (usa). the mule deer was emaciated, weak, and salivating, and arcanobacterium pyogenes was cultured from lung abscesses. bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from lung, however, bvdv antigen was not detected by immunohistochemistry. the bvdv genotype was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and the rna s ... | 2001 | 11310881 |
| deposition patterns of disease-associated prion protein in captive mule deer brains with chronic wasting disease. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) in captive and free-ranging cervids in the usa; its origin is obscure. archival formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens of 16 captive mule deer brains with cwd were analyzed using immunocytochemistry for the disease-associated prion protein (prp). the most prominent pattern of prp deposition were plaque-like structures, a substantial proportion of which were florid plaques surrounded by a rim of spongiform va ... | 2001 | 11699564 |
| hemorrhagic disease in deer in arizona. | two mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and one white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in arizona (usa) were submitted for necropsy. gross and microscopic lesions compatible with hemorrhagic disease (hd) were observed in all three deer. epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus type 2 (ehdv-2) was isolated from two of the deer. to our knowledge, this is the first documentation of hd in deer in arizona. two of the mortalities were attributed to ehdv-2 infection. | 2002 | 11838211 |
| radionuclides in soil and water near a low-level disposal site and potential ecological and human health impacts. | material disposal area g is the primary low-level radioactive waste disposal site at los alamos national laboratory, new mexico, and is adjacent to pueblo of san ildefonso lands. pueblo residents and los alamos scientists are concerned about radiological doses resulting from uptake of area g radionuclides by mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus), then consumption of deer and elk meat by humans. tissue samples were collected from deer and elk accidentally killed ... | 2002 | 11944797 |
| fatty acid analysis of wild ruminant tissues: evolutionary implications for reducing diet-related chronic disease. | consumption of wild ruminant fat represented the primary lipid source for pre-agricultural humans. hence, the lipid composition of these animals' tissues may provide insight into dietary requirements that offer protection from chronic disease in modern humans. | 2002 | 11960292 |
| evaluation of a forage allocation model for theodore roosevelt national park. | we developed a forage allocation model using a deterministic, linear optimization module in a commercially available spreadsheet package to help resource managers in theodore roosevelt national park (trnp), north dakota determine optimum numbers of four ungulate species, bison (bison bison), elk (cervus elaphus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), and feral horses, in the park. trnp staff actively managed bison, elk, and feral horse numbers within bounds suggested by our model from 1983 to 1996. d ... | 2002 | 11995238 |
| odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus is related to the members of atadenovirus genus. | the odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus (odadv-1) causes systemic and local vasculitis and proves extremely lethal for mule deer. to characterize the virus, part of the genome flanking the fiber gene was cloned and sequenced. the sequence revealed two open-reading frames that mapped to pviii hexon-associated protein precursor and fiber protein of several other adenoviruses. the highest amino acid homology for pviii and fiber was found with the members of the proposed atadenovirus genus: ovine ad ... | 2002 | 12038693 |
| comparison of histological lesions and immunohistochemical staining of proteinase-resistant prion protein in a naturally occurring spongiform encephalopathy of free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) with those of chronic wasting disease of captive mule deer. | in this investigation, the nature and distribution of histologic lesions and immunohistochemical staining (ihc) of a proteinase-resistant prion protein were compared in free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) dying of a naturally occurring spongiform encephalopathy (se) and captive mule deer dying of chronic wasting disease (cwd). sixteen free-ranging deer with se, 12 free-ranging deer without se, and 10 captive deer with cwd were examined at necropsy. tissue sections were stained with hema ... | 2002 | 12102202 |
| an ecosystem approach to population management of ungulates. | harvest objectives for wild ungulates have traditionally been based on population models that do not consider ecosystem effects of ungulate herbivory, nor interactions between native and domestic ungulate species. there is a need for ecosystem models to allow wildlife managers to evaluate potential ecosystem effects of management scenarios. the utility of the savanna simulation model for estimating elk population objectives within an ecosystem context was demonstrated for north park, colorado, u ... | 2002 | 12197079 |
| adenoviral infection in captive moose (alces alces) in canada. | adenoviral infection was associated with hemorrhagic enteritis, serosal hemorrhages, and severe pulmonary edema in six captive moose (alces alces) in toronto, ontario, canada: an adult female moose and three calves in 1985 and two calves in 1998. adenoviral disease was suspected based on histological findings of systemic vasculitis and widespread thrombosis associated with amphophilic intranuclear inclusions in endothelial cells. diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry using antiserum to ... | 2002 | 12216797 |
| prp(cwd) lymphoid cell targets in early and advanced chronic wasting disease of mule deer. | up to 15% of free-ranging mule deer in northeastern colorado and southeastern wyoming, usa, are afflicted with a prion disease, or transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse), known as chronic wasting disease (cwd). cwd is similar to a subset of tses including scrapie and variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease in which the abnormal prion protein isoform, prp(cwd), accumulates in lymphoid tissue. experimental scrapie studies have indicated that this early lymphoid phase is an important constituent o ... | 2002 | 12237446 |
| preclinical diagnosis of chronic wasting disease in captive mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) using tonsillar biopsy. | the usefulness of tonsillar biopsy on live deer for preclinical diagnosis of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy chronic wasting disease (cwd) was evaluated. disease was tracked in a cwd-endemic herd using serial tonsillar biopsies collected at 6 to 9 month intervals from 34 captive mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and five white-tailed deer (o. virginianus). tonsillar biopsies were examined for accumulation of prp(cwd), the protein marker for infection, using immunohistochemical (ihc) st ... | 2002 | 12237447 |
| serum antibody prevalence of malignant catarrhal fever viruses in seven wildlife species from alaska. | blood samples were collected from seven species of free-ranging ungulates in alaska. sera were tested for evidence of exposure to malignant catarrhal fever viruses (mcfv) by means of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. antibody prevalences were as follows: muskox (ovibos moschatus) 100 positive samples of 104 tested (96%); dall sheep (ovis dalli) 212 of 222 (95%); elk (cervus elaphus) 14 of 51 (27%); bison (bison bison) 34 of 197 (17%); caribou (rangifer tarandus) nine of 232 (4%); ... | 2002 | 12238366 |
| safety of brucella abortus strain rb51 vaccine in non-target ungulates and coyotes. | brucellosis is endemic in free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) and bison (bison bison) in the greater yellowstone area (gya; usa). it is possible that an oral brucellosis vaccine could be developed and disseminated in the gya to reduce disease transmission. should this occur, non-target species other than elk and bison may come in contact with the vaccine resulting in morbidity or mortality. to assess biosafety, bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis; n = 10), pronghorn (antilocapra americana; n = 9), mule ... | 2002 | 12238372 |
| distribution of protease-resistant prion protein and spongiform encephalopathy in free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) with chronic wasting disease. | serial sections of brain and palatine tonsil were examined by immunohistochemical staining (ihc) using monoclonal antibody f89/160.1.5 for detecting protease-resistant prion protein (prp(res)) in 35 hunter-killed mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) with chronic wasting disease. serial sections of brain were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined for spongiform encephalopathy (se). clinical signs of disease were not observed in any of these deer. on the basis of the location and abundance of ... | 2002 | 12243464 |
| detection of prp(cwd) in mule deer by immunohistochemistry of lymphoid tissues. | | 2002 | 12463538 |
| monoterpene effect on feeding choice by deer. | a previous study showed that sitka black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) consumption was negatively correlated with monoterpene content in western redcedar (thuja plicata). to test whether these monoterpenes were deterrent to sitka black-tailed deer, we performed feeding choice experiments with four hydrocarbon (sabinene, myrcene, alpha-pinene, and d + l-limonene) and one oxygenated (alpha,beta-thujone) monoterpene solution at their highest natural concentration in western redcedar f ... | 2002 | 12564790 |
| validation of monoclonal antibody f99/97.6.1 for immunohistochemical staining of brain and tonsil in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) with chronic wasting disease. | a new monoclonal antibody (mab), f99/97.6.1, that has been used to demonstrate scrapie-associated prion protein prp(sc) in brain and lymphoid tissues of domestic sheep with scrapie was used in an immunohistochemistry assay for diagnosis of chronic wasting disease (cwd) in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus). the mab f99/97.6.1 immunohistochemistry assay was evaluated in brain and tonsil tissue from 100 mule deer that had spongiform encephalopathy compatible with cwd and from 1,050 mule deer outside ... | 2002 | 12680636 |
| prevalence of chronic wasting disease and bovine tuberculosis in free-ranging deer and elk in south dakota. | heads of hunter-harvested deer and elk were collected throughout south dakota (usa) and within established chronic wasting disease (cwd) surveillance areas from 1997-2002 to determine infection with cwd and bovine tuberculosis (tb). we used immunohistochemistry to detect cwd-infected individuals among 1,672 deer and elk sampled via geographically targeted surveillance. a total of 537 elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), 813 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and 322 mule deer (o. hemionus) was ... | 2003 | 12685066 |
| field validation and assessment of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting chronic wasting disease in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni). | tissue samples (n = 25,050 total) from 23,256 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) collected statewide in colorado were examined for chronic wasting disease (cwd) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed by bio-rad laboratories, inc. (brelisa), in a 2-phase study. in the validation phase of this study, a total of 4,175 retropharyngeal lymph nodes (rln) or obex (ob) tissue samples were examined ind ... | 2003 | 12918810 |
| abundant prp(cwd) in tonsil from mule deer with preclinical chronic wasting disease. | a monoclonal antibody dot-blot assay was used to evaluate detergent lysates of tonsil tissue from mule deer to detect prp(cwd), the marker for the cervid transmissible spongiform encephalopathy chronic wasting disease (cwd). samples of formalin-fixed brain and tonsil tissues from mule deer were examined for prp(cwd) using immunohistochemistry (ihc) with mab f99/97.6.1, the gold standard for diagnosis of preclinical cwd. the contralateral tonsil from each of the 143 deer was prepared for confirma ... | 2003 | 12918811 |
| erythrocyte survival studies in the mule deer, aoudad sheep, and springbok antelope, using glycine-2-c14. | | 1959 | 13812007 |
| the susceptibility of mule deer to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. | | 1964 | 14125927 |
| a processed pseudogene contributes to apparent mule deer prion gene heterogeneity. | pathogenesis and transmission of the prion disorders (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, tses) are mediated by a modified isoform of the prion protein (prp). prion protein gene (prnp) alleles associated with relative susceptibility to tse have been identified in sheep, humans and possibly elk. comparable data have not been derived for mule deer, a species susceptible to the tse chronic wasting disease (cwd). initial analysis of the open reading frame (orf) in exon 3 of the mule deer prnp ... | 2004 | 14729275 |
| infectious disease survey of gemsbok in new mexico. | exotic wildlife can introduce new diseases or act as reservoirs of endemic diseases. on white sands missile range, new mexico (usa), significant declines in populations of native ungulates generally correspond to increases in range and population density of the exotic gemsbok (oryx gazella gazella), introduced beginning in 1969. we surveyed gemsbok in 2001 for exposure to a variety of diseases potentially important for native ungulates. high seroprevalence was found for malignant catarrhal fever ... | 2003 | 14733271 |
| bacteriolytic activity of selected vertebrate sera for borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and borrelia bissettii. | an in vitro assay to evaluate the bacteriolytic activity of the complement pathway was applied to 2 strains of borrelia bissettii, co501 and dn127, and compared with that of b. burgdorferi sensu stricto b31. sera from mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and the western fence lizard (sceloporus occidentalis) were completely borreliacidal for b. burgdorferi and for both strains of b. bissettii. serum from bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) was nonlytic for b. burgdorferi and partially lytic for b. b ... | 2003 | 14740924 |
| epizootiology of hemorrhagic disease in mule deer in central arizona. | we report two male mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) mortalities that occurred near prescott, arizona (usa) in september 2001. necropsy lesions were compatible with those described for hemorrhagic disease (hd). bluetongue (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehdv) viral rna were identified in tissues from one deer and ehdv viral rna was identified in the other via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). virus isolation attempts were unsuccessful in both cases. to determine ge ... | 2004 | 15137498 |
| distribution of meningeal worm (parelaphostrongylus tenuis) in south dakota. | heads of hunter-harvested deer (odocoileus sp.) and elk (cervus elaphus) were collected from meat processing plants throughout south dakota (usa) from 1997 through 1999 to determine distribution of meningeal worm (parelaphostrongylus tenuis) in eastern and western south dakota. a total of 2,848 white-tailed deer (wtd) were examined for p. tenuis, of which 578 (20.3%) were infected with the parasite. of 578 deer infected, 570 (98.6%) were harvested east of the missouri river. our results indicate ... | 2004 | 15137501 |
| chronic wasting disease of cervids. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) has recently emerged in north america as an important prion disease of captive and free-ranging cervids (species in the deer family). cwd is the only recognized transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) affecting free-ranging species. three cervid species, mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (o. virginianus), and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), are the only known natural hosts of cwd. endemic cwd is well established in southern wyomin ... | 2004 | 15148993 |
| molecular aspects of disease pathogenesis in the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. | the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) diseases are a group of rare, fatal, and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases that include kuru and creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) in humans, scrapie in sheep, transmissible mink encephalopathy (tme), and chronic wasting disease (cwd) in mule deer and elk. over the last 20 yr, they have gone from a fascinating but relatively obscure group of diseases to one that is a major agricultural and economic problem as well as a threat to human health ... | 2004 | 15156065 |
| environmental sources of prion transmission in mule deer. | whether transmission of the chronic wasting disease (cwd) prion among cervids requires direct interaction with infected animals has been unclear. we report that cwd can be transmitted to susceptible animals indirectly, from environments contaminated by excreta or decomposed carcasses. under experimental conditions, mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) became infected in two of three paddocks containing naturally infected deer, in two of three paddocks where infected deer carcasses had decomposed in s ... | 2004 | 15207049 |
| epidemiology of chronic wasting disease in captive white-tailed and mule deer. | the natural occurrence of chronic wasting disease (cwd) in a 1993 cohort of captive white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) afforded the opportunity to describe epidemic dynamics in this species and to compare dynamics with those seen in contemporary cohorts of captive mule deer (o. hemionus) also infected with cwd. the overall incidence of clinical cwd in white-tailed deer was 82% (nine of 11) among individuals that survived >15 mo. affected white-tailed deer died or were killed because of t ... | 2004 | 15362835 |
| concentration of prion protein from biological samples to increase the limits of detection by immunoassay. | an rna-ligand-based adsorbent has been shown to concentrate prion protein (prp) from solutions in a model system. the work presented here extends the utility of the rna-based adsorbent to brain homogenates of cow, sheep, mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and elk (cervus elaphus). brain homogenates were diluted either in buffer, representing specimens used in post-mortem tests, or in serum, modelling specimens used in biological-fluid-based tests. the rna adsorbent was effective in binding prpc (ce ... | 2005 | 15369459 |
| evaluation of ivermectin for treatment of hair loss syndrome in black-tailed deer. | since 1997, numerous columbian black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in western washington (usa) have developed a hair loss syndrome that often preceded emaciation, debilitation, pneumonia, and death. to study this syndrome, eight affected free-ranging columbian black-tailed deer fawns were captured from western washington in february 1999 to determine the effect of ivermectin treatment. fecal examinations indicated that the internal parasites were dictyocaulus viviparus, parelapho ... | 2004 | 15465710 |
| variable patterns of distribution of prp(cwd) in the obex and cranial lymphoid tissues of rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) with subclinical chronic wasting disease. | sections of medulla oblongata, taken at the level of the obex, palatine tonsil and medial retropharyngeal lymph node from 10,269 captive rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), were examined by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody for the prion protein associated with the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids, chronic wasting disease (prp(cwd)). the protein was detected in 226 of them. on the basis of the anatomical location of the deposits in the brainstem of ... | 2004 | 15478500 |
| transmission of prions from mule deer and elk with chronic wasting disease to transgenic mice expressing cervid prp. | we generated mice expressing cervid prion protein to produce a transgenic system simulating chronic wasting disease (cwd) in deer and elk. while normal mice were resistant to cwd, these transgenic mice uniformly developed signs of neurological dysfunction approximately 230 days following intracerebral inoculation with four cwd isolates. inoculated transgenic mice homozygous for the transgene array developed disease after approximately 160 days. the brains of sick transgenic mice exhibited widesp ... | 2004 | 15542685 |
| genome of deerpox virus. | deerpox virus (dpv), an uncharacterized and unclassified member of the poxviridae, has been isolated from north american free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) exhibiting mucocutaneous disease. here we report the genomic sequence and comparative analysis of two pathogenic dpv isolates, w-848-83 (w83) and w-1170-84 (w84). the w83 and w84 genomes are 166 and 170 kbp, containing 169 and 170 putative genes, respectively. nucleotide identity between dpvs is 95% over the central 157 kbp. w83 and ... | 2005 | 15613325 |
| columbian black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) as hosts for borrelia spp. in northern california. | the prevalence of infection of columbian black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) with borrelia spp. was evaluated in an area of northwestern california (usa) where lyme disease is endemic and the relapsing-fever group spirochete borrelia coriaceae is enzootic, and in a far-removed comparison area having a disparate climate and lower density of vector ticks. blood samples collected from both deer herds in 1987, 1988, and from 2000-02 were assayed for borrelial infection with microscop ... | 2005 | 15827217 |
| experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease agent from mule deer to cattle by the intracerebral route. | this communication reports final observations on experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (cwd) from mule deer to cattle by the intracerebral route. thirteen calves were inoculated intracerebrally with brain suspension from mule deer naturally affected with cwd. three other calves were kept as uninoculated controls. the experiment was terminated 6 years after inoculation. during that time, abnormal prion protein (prp(res)) was demonstrated in the central nervous system (cns) of 5 cat ... | 2005 | 15945388 |
| geographic distribution of the muscle-dwelling nematode parelaphostrongylus odocoilei in north america, using molecular identification of first-stage larvae. | molecular identification of dorsal-spined larvae (dsl) from fecal samples indicates that the protostrongylid parasite parelaphostrongylus odocoilei occupies a broader geographic range in western north america than has been previously reported. we analyzed 2,124 fecal samples at 29 locations from thinhorn sheep (ovis dalli dalli and o. d. stonei), bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis and o. c. californiana), mountain goats (oreamnos americanus), woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou), ... | 2005 | 16108550 |
| chronic wasting disease. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a unique transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (o. virginianus), and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni). the natural history of cwd is incompletely understood, but it differs from scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) by virtue of its occurrence in nondomestic and free-ranging species. cwd has many features in common with scrapie, including early widespread distribution of disease ... | 2005 | 16145200 |
| locoweed (oxytropis sericea)-induced lesions in mule deer (odocoileius hemionus). | locoweed poisoning has been reported in wildlife, but it is unknown whether mule deer (odocoileius hemionus) are susceptible. in areas that are heavily infested with locoweed, deer and elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) have developed a spongiform encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease (cwd). although these are distinct diseases, no good comparisons are available. the purpose of this study was to induce and describe chronic locoweed poisoning in deer and compare it with the lesions of cwd. two groups ... | 2005 | 16145203 |
| a novel subgroup of rhadinoviruses in ruminants. | in the course of investigating the malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) subgroup of rhadinoviruses, seven novel rhadinoviruses were identified in a variety of ruminants, including domestic sheep, bighorn sheep, bison, black-tailed deer, mule deer, fallow deer, elk and addax. based on the dna polymerase gene sequences, these newly recognized viruses clustered into a second distinct subgroup in ruminants with three members identified previously in cattle, goats and oryx. phylogenetic analysis revealed ... | 2005 | 16227223 |
| interspecies transmission of chronic wasting disease prions to squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is an emerging prion disease of deer and elk. the risk of cwd transmission to humans following exposure to cwd-infected tissues is unknown. to assess the susceptibility of nonhuman primates to cwd, two squirrel monkeys were inoculated with brain tissue from a cwd-infected mule deer. the cwd-inoculated squirrel monkeys developed a progressive neurodegenerative disease and were euthanized at 31 and 34 months postinfection. brain tissue from the cwd-infected squirrel m ... | 2005 | 16227298 |
| first results of chronic wasting disease (cwd) surveillance in the south-eastern part of belgium. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) has not been reported in europe, whereas it is considered to be enzootic in free-ranging mule deer, rocky mountain elk and white-tailed deer in the area of colorado, wyoming, and nebraska, and new foci of cwd have been detected in other parts of the united states. however, no large-scale active epidemiosurveillance of european wild cervids has been installed in europe. in accordance with the opinion of the european scientific steering committee, a preliminary (activ ... | 2005 | 16238109 |
| relative vulnerability of chronic wasting disease infected mule deer to vehicle collisions. | we estimated chronic wasting disease (cwd) prevalence among vehicle-killed mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in select data analysis units (daus) in northern colorado, usa, and compared these with estimated cwd prevalence among mule deer of the same sex sampled in the vicinity of collision sites to assess relative vulnerability of cwd-infected individuals to vehicle collisions. twenty-five of 171 vehicle-killed mule deer tested positive for cwd (overall prevalence=0.146, 95% confidence interval [c ... | 2005 | 16244060 |
| the rise and fall of psoroptic scabies in bighorn sheep in the san andres mountains, new mexico. | between 1978 and 1997, a combination of psoroptic scabies (psoroptes spp.), mountain lion (puma concolor) predation, and periodic drought reduced a population of native desert bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) in the san andres mountains (sam), new mexico, from >200 individuals to a single ewe. in 1999, this ewe was captured, ensured to be psoroptes-free, and released back into the sam. eleven radio-collared rams were translocated from the red rock wildlife area (rrwa) in new mexico into the sam r ... | 2005 | 16244062 |
| extraction of condensed tannins from cervid feed and feces and quantification using a radial diffusion assay. | a radial diffusion assay was employed to quantify condensed tannins (ct) in feed and feces of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (o. virginianus). this biological assay measures the precipitation of bovine serum albumin (bsa), with the area of the precipitation ring being proportional to the amount of extracted ct applied to the well. ct extracted from the bark of white spruce (picea glauca) was used as the standard. ct were extracted with 70% (v/v) aqueous acetone and precipi ... | 2005 | 16365703 |
| inhibition of protease-resistant prion protein formation in a transformed deer cell line infected with chronic wasting disease. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is an emerging transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (prion disease) of north american cervids, i.e., mule deer, white-tailed deer, and elk (wapiti). to facilitate in vitro studies of cwd, we have developed a transformed deer cell line that is persistently infected with cwd. primary cultures derived from uninfected mule deer brain tissue were transformed by transfection with a plasmid containing the simian virus 40 genome. a transformed cell line (mdb) was exposed ... | 2006 | 16378962 |
| evidence of tick-borne organisms in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from the western united states. | free-ranging mule deer (md; odocoileus hemionus) from arizona and california were tested for evidence of infection with several tick-borne pathogens, including species of ehrlichia, anaplasma, babesia, and borrelia. of 125 mule deer tested from arizona, 29 (23%) and 11 (9%) had antibodies reactive to e. chaffeensis and a. phagocytophilum by indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing, respectively; none of the six md tested from california were seropositive. using a commercial competitive elisa ... | 2005 | 16417431 |
| tonsillar biopsy test for chronic wasting disease: two sampling approaches in mule deer and white-tailed deer. | preclinical antemortem testing of deer (odocoileus spp.) for chronic wasting disease (cwd) can be important for determining prevalence rates and removing infected individuals from wild populations. because samples with high numbers of tonsillar follicles are likely to provide earlier detection of cwd than samples with fewer follicles, the method of obtaining follicular samples may be critical when investigating disease prevalence. between january 2003 and january 2005, white-tailed deer (o. virg ... | 2005 | 16456177 |