| an overview of exposure to, and effects of, petroleum oil and organochlorine pollution in grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | most incidences involving oil pollution of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) seem to have occurred at the breeding sites. because of the high concentration of animals at this time, even small oil spills will pollute many animals. as a result of chronic low-level pollution from coastal ship traffic and discharges from offshore petroleum activity in the north sea, approximately 50% of the grey seal pups at the largest breeding colony in norway are polluted each year by oil. in this case, as well as ... | 1996 | 8685703 |
| the impact of the 1993 braer oil spill on grey seals in shetland. | signs of acute respiratory distress were reported in moulting grey seals (halichoerus grypus) hauled out on lady's holm, shetland, following the braer oil spill in january, 1993. behavioural observations carried out between 16 january and 13 february 1993 showed that the proportion of animals exhibiting a discharge of nasal mucus was significantly higher than the proportion at a control site in the north (papa stour). the proportion of animals affected on lady's holm increased for up to one mont ... | 1996 | 8685704 |
| isolation of brucella species from cetaceans, seals and an otter. | brucella organisms which differed from the recognised species of the genus, were isolated from nine seals, eight cetaceans and one otter. a method is described for the isolation of brucella species from sea mammals and the first isolations of brucella species are recorded from an atlantic white-sided dolphin (lagenorhynchus acutus), two striped dolphins (stenella coeuleoalba), a hooded seal (cystophora cristata), a grey seal (halichoerus grypus) and a european otter (lutra lutra). there were dif ... | 1996 | 8799984 |
| contribution of coplanar and non-coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls to the toxic equivalence of grey seal (halichoerus grypus) milk. | we measured the concentration of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners #77, #126 and #169 in the milk of 21 individual grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from the same scottish colony. using the toxic equivalency factors (tefs) of ahlborg et al. (1994) we found teqs ranged between 8.4 and 45.7 pg/g, with a mean of 22.3 +/- 9.3 pg/g on a lipid weight basis (n = 32). for some samples we also had concentrations of mono-ortho and di-orthochlorinated pcbs. inclusion of these congeners approx ... | 1996 | 8799994 |
| chromosome survey of seals in the baltic sea in 1988-1992. | the populations of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) and ringed seals (phoca hispida botnica) in the baltic sea have decreased very much, especially during the last decades. environmental pollution has been seen as an important cause. as top predators, the seals accumulate pollutants from their environment. high concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals have been found in seals from the baltic sea. in the present study the possible mutagenic effects of environmental pollutants on ... | 1996 | 8854834 |
| the mitochondrial dna molecule of sumatran orangutan and a molecular proposal for two (bornean and sumatran) species of orangutan. | the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) molecule of sumatran orangutan, plus the complete mitochondrial control region of another sumatran specimen and the control regions and five protein-coding genes of two specimens of bornean orangutan were sequenced and compared with a previously reported complete mtdna of bornean orangutan. the two orangutans are presently separated at the subspecies level. comparison with five different species pairs-namely, harbor seal/grey seal, horse/donkey, fin whale/b ... | 1996 | 8875856 |
| the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the donkey and mtdna comparisons among four closely related mammalian species-pairs. | the nucleotide sequence of the complete mitochondrial genome of the donkey, equus asinus, was determined. the length of the molecule is 16,670 bp. the length, however, is not absolute due to pronounced heteroplasmy caused by variable numbers of two types of repetitive motifs in the control region. the sequence of the repeats is (a) 5'-cacaccca and (b) 5'-tgcgcgca, respectively. the order of (a) and (b) can be expressed as {n[2(a)+(b)]+m(a)}. in 32 different clones analyzed the number of n and m ... | 1996 | 8875857 |
| use of electroejaculation to collect semen samples from wild seals. | semen samples were obtained from 7 adult male gray seals (halichoerus grypus) at a colony on sable island, nova scotia, canada, using a portable electroejaculation system. males were anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam. a probe was inserted in the rectum, and a progressive series of 10 to 15 stimulations (1 to 9 v, 25 to 750 ma) was applied. males ejaculated after 15 to 29 minutes of stimulation and produced ejaculates with volumes of 4 to 17 ml that had vigorous, motile spermatozoa. although ... | 1996 | 8899030 |
| metabolic and hormonal changes during the molt of captive gray seals (halichoerus grypus). | body mass, resting metabolic rates (rmrs), and serum thyroid hormones concentrations of six captive gray seals (halichoerus grypus) were measured at regular intervals before, during, and after the annual molt. changes in body mass suggested that the animals had increased energy expenditures during the last stage of the molt. these were associated with significantly elevated rmrs during the molt, the increase being more pronounced in juveniles ( < or = 53%) than in adults ( < or = 17%). the incre ... | 1996 | 8928905 |
| morphometric study of specific heart granules in the grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | specific heart granules in the grey seal, halichoerus grypus, a marine mammal, were studied and compared with those in the wistar rat by ultrastructural morphometry. there is extreme paucity of these granules in atrial cells of the seal, even in the region of the golgi apparatus, compared with those in the rat. by numerical concentration, granules in the seal are 23 times fewer in number than in the rat. they are also fewer in number than in bats and hamsters for which data is available. the mea ... | 1996 | 8993626 |
| histological, histochemical, and fine structural observations on the lymph node of the common seal (phoca vitulina) and the grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | the recent seal death epizootic prompted interest in their immune system, for which no current morphological data were available. | 1997 | 9026002 |
| [the structure of the fragments of 3 exons of the myoglobin gene in the baikal seal phoca sibirica]. | three exon regions of the myoglobin gene of baikal seal phoca sibirica have been amplified and sequenced. the sequences have been found identical to those for the myoglobin gene of the north atlantic seal halichoerus grypus. thus, these seal species have separated not earlier than 2.2 billion years before present. | 1996 | 9092243 |
| comparative antibody response in harbour and grey seals naturally infected by a morbillivirus. | the antibody response of free-ranging harbour and grey seals, naturally infected by a morbillivirus, was assessed using a virus neutralizing test and a radio-immunoprecipitation assay. the prevalence of antibody was similar between species, however, grey seals had significantly higher virus neutralizing titers. serum from clinically healthy grey seals precipitated the nucleocapsid (n) protein along with the hemagglutinin (h) and fusion (f) glycoproteins. by contrast, significantly fewer harbour ... | 1997 | 9151405 |
| temperature effects on the breeding distribution of grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | the metabolic rates of six female grey seal (halichoerus grypus) pups were measured during their postweaning fast at air temperatures between -15 degrees and 30 degrees c. the composite of their individual thermal neutral zones extended from a mean lower critical temperature of -7.1 degrees +/- 0.7 degree c to a mean upper critical temperature of 23.0 degrees +/- 0.4 degree c. within the thermal neutral zone, mean standard metabolic rate of the fasting animals was 1,265 +/- 82 kcal d-1, or about ... | 1997 | 9237304 |
| bioaccumulation of toxic chlororganic compounds and their isomers into the organism of baltic grey seal. | a comparison of pcb (polychlorinated biphenyls) contents of biota in different areas of the baltic sea suggests the northern part of the gulf of riga and väinameri sea (estonian coastal water) as reference area for the baltic sea. the concentrations for two most important pcb isomers iupac 138 and 153 in the blubber of 2-6 year old grey seals (halichoerus grypus) varied from 2,3-4,1 mg/kg (extractable fat) and from 2,9-5,2 mg/kg (extractable fat) respectively. | 1997 | 9297788 |
| concentration-dependent changes of pcb patterns in fish-eating mammals: structural evidence for induction of cytochrome p450. | data sets on cb concentrations in fish-eating mammals from five laboratories were combined to test and refine a pharmacokinetic model. clear differences in pcb patterns were observed between species. the ability to metabolize chlorobiphenyl (cb) congeners with vicinal h-atoms only in the ortho- and meta-positions and with one ortho-chlorine substituent generally increased in the order otter < cetaceans (harbor porpoise, common dolphin) < phocid seals (harbor and grey seal), but the metabolism of ... | 1997 | 9353208 |
| evidence for a long-lasting single administration contraceptive vaccine in wild grey seals. | a single-administration birth control vaccine based on liposome delivery of porcine zona pellucida antigens reduced pup production in grey seals (halichoerus grypus) by about 90%. anti-porcine zona pellucida titers of individual seals with two or more recaptures were variable but without a diminishing trend during the 5 year post-immunization period. seals that produced at least one or more pups during the 2-5 year post-immunization period when the vaccine is fully effective, had an average anti ... | 1997 | 9373857 |
| temporal trends in antibody production in captive grey, harp and hooded seals to a single administration immunocontraceptive vaccine. | the temporal production of antibody to a single-administration immunocontraceptive vaccine, known to be immunocontraceptive in free-ranging female grey seals (halichoerus grypus), was studied in captive grey seals, harp seals (phoca groenlandica) and hooded seals (cystophora cristata). the vaccine is based on liposome delivery of porcine zona pellucida antigens. when measured by antigen capture, the response of hooded and harp seals to the vaccine was similar to the response of grey seals. deter ... | 1997 | 9373858 |
| antibodies to brucella in marine mammals around the coast of england and wales. | following the isolation of previously unrecognised species of brucella from stranded seals and cetaceans in scotland and northern england, a serological survey was carried out to investigate the range of marine mammal species which may have been exposed to brucella species around the coasts of england and wales, the prevalence of infection and the temporal and geographical distribution of seropositive animals. serum collected from 153 stranded marine mammals from the coasts of england and wales ... | 1997 | 9416675 |
| fecundity of sealworm (pseudoterranova decipiens) infecting grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in the gulf of st. lawrence, canada: lack of density-dependent effects. | uterine egg counts were determined by means of an electronic particle counter in individual female sealworm, pseudoterranova decipiens (nematoda: ascaridoidea: anisakidae) collected from grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from anticosti island, northern gulf of st. lawrence, in august and september 1992. mean number of eggs per female was 54,916.9 (+/- 51,866.4), with a maximum of 300,000. egg counts were strongly correlated with worm length, and less so with host sex and age, sealworm sex ratio, a ... | 1997 | 9421731 |
| dna fingerprinting evidence of nonfilial nursing in grey seals. | we tested the hypothesis that kin selection may play a role in fostering behaviour in grey seals. fostering frequency varied among three colonies, ranging from 3% to 28%. band-sharing coefficients (s) of dna fingerprints, from two multilocus probes, were used to predict relatedness (r). mean r did not differ between foster mother-pup pairs and the expected r = 0 for presumed unrelated female-pup pairs. likewise, mean r between fostered and filial pups compared to r between presumed unrelated pup ... | 1998 | 9465418 |
| aeromonas hydrophila septicaemia in a grey seal (halichoerus grypus) from the baltic sea: a case study. | aeromonas hydrophila septicaemia in a grey seal (halichoerus grypus) from the swedish part of the baltic sea is reported. the pathogen was isolated from both lung and spleen specimens. all of the a. hydrophila isolates produced haemolysin and vero active cytotoxin. the aerolysin gene was found in all tested isolates as evidenced by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. also, all isolates tested showed identical patterns of biochemical and antibiotic resistance. as aeromonas spp. commonl ... | 1998 | 9597306 |
| causes of mortality and non-fatal conditions among grey seals (halichoerus grypus) found dead on the coasts of england, wales and the isle of man. | a survey of the diseases detectable in 141 grey seals stranded on the coasts of england and wales away from breeding colonies was carried out between mid-1989 and early 1997. the most common fatal conditions in pups less than three weeks of age were trauma (24 per cent of deaths) and dystocia (12 per cent); in pups more than three weeks of age thy were starvation (22 per cent) and pneumonia (22 per cent); in juveniles they were drowning in fishing gear (30 per cent) and starvation (19 per cent), ... | 1998 | 9682418 |
| salmonella typhimurium dt104 in a grey seal. | | 1998 | 9682423 |
| morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals. | morbillivirus infections which were not documented in aquatic mammals until 1988, have caused at least five epizootics in these species during the last 10 years. affected populations include european harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in 1998, baikal seals (phoca siberica) in siberia from 1987-1988, striped dolphins (stenella coeruleoalba) in the mediterranean sea from 1990-1992 and bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) along the eastern coast of the united sta ... | 1998 | 9807724 |
| levels and enantiomeric ratios of alpha-hch, oxychlordane, and pcb 149 in blubber of harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from iceland and further species. | the chiral stationary phase beta-tbdm (35% heptakis(6-o-tert.-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-di-o-methyl)-beta-cyc lod extrin in ov-1701) was applied to study the enantioenrichment of alpha-hch, oxychlordane, and pcb 149 in blubber of two seal species from iceland by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. the examined harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) showed alpha-hch enantiomeric ratios (er) > 1. the er of pcb 149 was comparable in the two species from icel ... | 1998 | 9828350 |
| changes in fibrinolytic activity in diving grey seals. | in order to test the hypothesis that enhanced fibrinolytic activity is a factor which prevents the blood of diving seals from clotting, we instrumented two female grey seals (halichoerus grypus) with subcutaneous electrodes for measurements of heart rate (hr) and an extradural intravertebral venous catheter for collection of blood samples before, during and after simulated dives of 10 min duration. blood samples were used for in vitro determination of clot lysis time (clt), which is a measure of ... | 1998 | 9828397 |
| blood chemistry and hematology of gray seal (halichoerus grypus) pups from birth to postweaning. | serum and plasma samples were collected from 92 gray seal (halichoerus grypus) pups, all less than 5 wk old, and from 21 yearlings during the breeding season at the isle of may, firth of forth, scotland, for hematologic and clinical chemistry analysis. in the pups, total wbc, total protein, and glucose values increased until weaning and declined during the postweaning fast. liver enzymes, particularly alkaline phosphatase, were high at birth and decreased steadily with age, most rapidly during t ... | 1998 | 10065847 |
| molecular cloning and phylogenetic analysis of beluga whale (delphinapterus leucas) and grey seal (halichoerus grypus) interleukin 2. | interleukin 2 (il-2) is a lymphokine produced by activated t helper lymphocytes which exerts immunoregulatory effects on a variety of immune cells, including t cells, activated b cells, natural killer cells, and lymphokine-activated killer cells. in this study, we cloned and determined the entire beluga whale (delphinapterus leucas) and grey seal (halichoerus grypus) il-2-encoding cdna sequences, and analysed their genetic relationships with those from several mammalian species obtained from the ... | 1999 | 10206205 |
| health condition of the baltic grey seal (halichoerus grypus) during two decades. gynaecological health improvement but increased prevalence of colonic ulcers. | results obtained at postmortem examinations of 159 baltic grey seals during the 20-year period 1977-1996 are presented. the investigation was initiated due to a serious reduction of the baltic grey and ringed seal populations. earlier, reduced reproductive ability with occlusions and stenoses of the uterus, as well as a disease complex in adult individuals of both sexes, was reported. the disease complex comprised lesions of claws, skull bone, intestine (colonic ulcers), kidneys (glomerulopathy, ... | 1999 | 10223299 |
| thyroid hormones in grey seal pups (halichoerus grypus). | the aim of the present study was to describe the changes in thyroid hormone status in grey seal (halichoerus grypus) pups from birth to weaning and moulting. plasma concentrations of total thyroxine (tt4) were highest the first two days after birth, thereafter dropping to a lower, but stable level. this pattern may reflect a high transfer rate of maternal thyroxine prepartum, prior to parturition, or postpartum via colostrum, or it may be caused by active secretory thyrocytes in late foetal stag ... | 1999 | 10327615 |
| localization and comparative toxicity of methylsulfonyl-2,5- and 2,6-dichlorobenzene in the olfactory mucosa of mice. | several methylsulfonyl (meso2) metabolites formed from chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons have been identified in human milk, lung, and body fat, as well as in the tissues of baltic grey seals and arctic polar bears. the tissue localization and nasal toxicity of two methylsulfonyl-substituted dichlorobenzenes (dicl-meso2-b), with the chlorine atoms in the 2,5-, and 2,6- positions, were investigated in female nmri and c57b1 mice. using tape-section autoradiography, animals dosed i.v. with 14c-labe ... | 1999 | 10367349 |
| proximate factors associated with high levels of extraconsort fertilization in polygynous grey seals. | behavioural estimates of male mating success in polygynous grey seals, halichoerus grypus, may be misleading as females are known to be promiscuous. at sable island, nova scotia, we collected behavioural observations and skin samples for paternity analysis from 56 females and their attending males. twenty-four of these females were found in the following year and their offspring were sampled. using seven hypervariable microsatellite loci, we excluded the consort male as the father in 43% of the ... | 1999 | 10479368 |
| radionuclides in seals and porpoises in the coastal waters around the uk. | it has been suggested that marine predators be assessed for biologically relevant contamination levels because of their trophic position. accordingly, in studying radioactive contamination in the marine environment around the uk, tissues from seals and porpoises have been chosen. liver and muscle tissue from dead seals and porpoises found stranded around the uk coast have been analysed for the following radionuclides: 134cs, 137cs, 238pu, 239pu + 240pu. multifactor analysis of variance indicated ... | 1999 | 10507144 |
| biomarkers of dna damage in marine mammals. | certain environmental contaminants found in marine mammals have been shown to cause dna damage and cancer. the micronuclei (mn), sister chromatid exchange (sce) and/or chromosome aberration (ca) assays were used to assess baseline (spontaneous) levels of dna damage in blood lymphocytes of individuals of the relatively healthy and lightly contaminated arctic beluga whale (delphinapterus leucas), sarasota bay, fl, bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) and northwestern atlantic grey (halichoerus ... | 1999 | 10521683 |
| where have all the fathers gone? an extensive microsatellite analysis of paternity in the grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | microsatellites were used to conduct an extensive analysis of paternity of grey seals from two scottish breeding colonies at north rona (n = 1189) and the isle of may (n = 694), spanning more than a decade. a maximum of 46% of pups at north rona and 29% of pups at the isle of may could be allocated a father, even though the majority of candidate males for specific study sites within each colony were believed to have been sampled. based on the paternities which could be assigned, both colonies sh ... | 1999 | 10564447 |
| giardiasis in pinnipeds from eastern canada. | cysts of giardia sp. were detected in feces from the rectum of 20 of 74 pinnipeds examined from the eastern coast of canada in 1997 and 1998 using a monoclonal antibody technique. infected pinnipeds included 15 adult harp seals (phoca groenlandica), four adult grey seals (halichoerus grypus), and one juvenile harbor seal (phoca vitulina). cysts were not detected in 15 seal pups <1-yr-old. the highest prevalence (50%) occurred in adult harp seals collected near the magdalen islands in the gulf of ... | 1999 | 10574540 |
| variation in milk production and lactation performance in grey seals and consequences for pup growth and weaning characteristics. | phocid seals are one of the few groups of mammals capable of sustaining the energetic demands of lactation entirely through body nutrient stores while fasting. lactation performance of the female in turn influences the rate and pattern of pup growth. we examined variation in and patterns of milk composition and production, maternal energy output, and pup growth and energy deposition over the entire lactation period in 18 grey seal mother-pup pairs using hydrogen isotope (3h2o and d2o) dilution. ... | 1999 | 10603331 |
| treatment of lesions of osteomyelitis in the hind flippers of six grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | six rescued grey seal (halichoerus grypus) pups had traumatic injuries to their hind flippers; three had osteomyelitis without fractures, one had a single fracture and associated osteomyelitis, and two had multiple compound fractures and large open wounds. the medical and surgical methods used to treat these lesions are described. a proprietary waterproof covering appeared to be a better method for dressing the wounds than conventional bandaging. | 1999 | 10609572 |
| levels and patterns of pcbs and oc pesticides in harbour and grey seals from the st lawrence estuary, canada. | blubber samples from harbour (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) captured in the st lawrence estuary were analysed for pcbs and oc pesticides. concentrations of sigma pcb, sigma ddt, sigma chlor and mirex were higher in harbour than in grey seals, while sigma hch and hcb were similar in the two species. age vs. concentration plots showed that sigma pcb, sigma ddt and sigma chlor concentrations increased with age in males, but plateaued at sexual maturity in females. concentratio ... | 1999 | 10635597 |
| finescale topographical correlates of behavioural investment in offspring by female grey seals, halichoerus grypus. | grey seals breed colonially on substrates ranging from ice to rocky or sandy beaches. clear differences in seal behaviour patterns exist among such broad classes of breeding habitat. however, finer scale topographical variation is likely to influence individual behaviour with consequences for pupping success. we examined topographical influences on the behaviour of breeding female grey seals by quantifying topography at a subseal size resolution. using submetre resolution digital terrain models ... | 2000 | 10675255 |
| patterns of paternal relatedness in british grey seal colonies. | previous studies of breeding behaviour in the grey seal, halichoerus grypus, have painted conflicting pictures. behavioural observations suggest a classical polygynous system with a small number of dominant males fathering most of the offspring. however, genetic analysis suggests that many potential fathers spend little time ashore, that some pairs of seals show partner fidelity and that the dominant males are not as successful as their behaviour would suggest. here we used paternal relatedness ... | 2000 | 10736026 |
| seasonal changes in buoyancy and diving behaviour of adult grey seals. | phocid seals go through dramatic seasonal changes in body mass and composition as a result of the spatial and temporal separation of foraging, reproduction and moulting. these changes in body fat content and body mass result in seasonal changes in buoyancy, which in turn may influence diving behaviour. we examined the longitudinal changes in buoyancy and diving behaviour of 14 adult grey seals (halichoerus grypus) during two periods that represent maximal contrast in body mass and composition. d ... | 2000 | 10887070 |
| metabolic compensation during high energy output in fasting, lactating grey seals (halichoerus grypus): metabolic ceilings revisited. | lactation is the most energetically expensive period for female mammals and is associated with some of the highest sustained metabolic rates (susmr) in vertebrates (reported as total energy throughput). females typically deal with this energy demand by increasing food intake and the structure of the alimentary tract may act as the central constraint to ceilings on susmr at about seven times resting or standard metabolic rate (smr). however, demands of lactation may also be met by using a form of ... | 2000 | 10902691 |
| transfer of fatty acids from female seal blubber via milk to pup bladder. | fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography followed by principal component analysis (pca) and soft independent modelling of class analogy (simca) in the blubber of 18 female grey seals, halichoerus grypus, in their milk and in the blubber of their 1-week-old nursing pups. large individual differences were observed in both blubber and milk content of fatty acids. the fatty acid composition of the milk was systematically different from the composition in maternal blubber, with higher relati ... | 2000 | 10935518 |
| conditions in grey seal pups (halichoerus grypus) presented for rehabilitation. | a survey was carried out on the condition of 188 live grey seal (halichoerus grypus) pups presented for rehabilitation from the coasts of south-west england between 1992 and 1998. the survey was carried out to assess the incidence of malnutrition, hyperthermia, respiratory and gastrointestinal conditions, and also the incidence of traumatic, skin, oral and ocular lesions. malnutrition was a common finding in pups approaching weaning (mid-moult pups) and those at the point of weaning or postweani ... | 2000 | 10955881 |
| expression and inducibility of members in the cytochrome p4501 (cyp1) family in ringed and grey seals from polluted and less polluted waters. | the expression and inducibility of cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) were investigated in hepatic microsomes of ringed seals (phoca hispida) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from polluted (baltic sea) and less polluted (svalbard and sable island) areas. liver cyp1a protein levels and activities were assessed by immunoblot analysis and determining catalytic activities towards ethoxyresorufin (erod) and pentoxyresorufin (prod). the amount of cyp1a apoprotein and its catalytic activity were increased up ... | 2000 | 10996541 |
| indications for the involvement of a cyp3a-like iso-enzyme in the metabolism of chlorobornane (toxaphene) congeners in seals from inhibition studies with liver microsomes. | the different isoforms of the cytochrome p450 (cyp) system can metabolise a suite of classes of lipophilic, anthropogenic compounds. the bioaccumulative potential as well as the toxicity of xenobiotics may be significantly altered in the process. to compare the metabolic ability of different wildlife species, it is important to identify the different iso-enzymes of cyp, which are responsible for the metabolism of different classes of compounds. this can be achieved with in vitro incubation assay ... | 2001 | 11090893 |
| characterization of xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome p450 (cyp) forms in ringed and grey seals from the baltic sea and reference sites. | earlier studies have shown that members of the cytochrome p4501 (cyp1) enzyme family are constitutively expressed, and are elevated in the livers of ringed seals (phoca hispida) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) living in the heavily polluted baltic sea. in this study, we compared the expression profiles of several additional cyp enzymes in the liver and extrahepatic tissues of baltic ringed and grey seals with the corresponding cyp expression in seals from relatively unpolluted waters. we use ... | 2001 | 11166678 |
| tris (4-chlorophenyl) methane and tris (4-chlorophenyl) methanol in marine mammals from the estuary and gulf of st. lawrence. | levels of tris (4-chlorophenyl) methanol (tcpm) and its presumed precursor tris (4-chlorophenyl) methane (tcpme) are reported in marine mammals from the estuary and gulf of st. lawrence, canada. these compounds were measured in blubber samples of seals and whales using ion trap mass spectrometry (ms/ms) detection. detectable concentrations of both tcpm and tcpme were observed in all of the samples analysed. concentrations of these compounds varied with species ranging from 1.7 to 153 and from 1. ... | 2001 | 11202713 |
| fungal dermatitis in captive pinnipeds. | fungal dermatitis was diagnosed in two captive gray seals (halichoerus grypus) and four harbor seals (phoca vitulina) between 1992 and 1994. trichophyton mentagrophytes, malassezia spp., and yarrowia (candida) lipolytica were isolated. erythematous, thickened, alopecic skin lesions were present on the face and on the flippers, particularly around the nail bed. the two most important environmental factors associated with development of fungal dermatitis appeared to be excessive chlorination of po ... | 2000 | 11237146 |
| irreversible binding and adrenocorticolytic activity of the ddt metabolite 3-methylsulfonyl-dde examined in tissue-slice culture. | the persistent adrenocorticolytic ddt metabolite 3-methylsulfonyl-dde (meso(2)-dde) was originally identified in baltic grey seals, a population suffering from adrenocortical hyperplasia. in mice, meso(2)-dde induces mitochondrial degeneration and cellular necrosis in the adrenal zona fasciculata. in this study, we used precision-cut tissue slice culture to examine local cyp11b1-catalyzed irreversible binding of meso(2)-dde in the murine adrenal cortex. we also examined effects on steroid hormon ... | 2001 | 11266318 |
| trends in organochlorine residue concentrations and burdens in grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from sable is., ns, canada, between 1974 and 1994. | in blubber from maternal grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from sable is., ns, sigma ddt (p,p'-dde and p,p'-ddt) concentrations declined from 12 micrograms/g lipid in 1974 to 0.5 microgram/g in 1994. pup blubber sigma ddt concentrations were about 60% of those of their mothers, and declined at similar rates. in maternal seals, p,p'-dde increased from 56% sigma ddt in 1974 to 89% in 1994. polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations did not change between 1976 and 1988, but then declined; the relative p ... | 2001 | 11291457 |
| estimation of offspring production from a limited number of stage-structured censuses. | we propose a procedure for maximum likelihood estimation of the number of animals or offspring in a closed population where the individuals counted go through stages or age-groups. application of the procedure requires knowledge of the distributions of the stage durations. a procedure for maximum likelihood estimation of those based on marked animals is also given. the procedures are illustrated by applying them to gray seal (halichoerus grypus) data from froan nature reserve, central norway, fr ... | 1999 | 11318176 |
| reproductive performance links to fine-scale spatial patterns of female grey seal relatedness. | fine-scale spatial patterns of female relatedness throughout the established grey seal breeding colony of north rona, scotland, were investigated by accurate mapping and spatially explicit analyses of a large sample (n = 262) of mothers using variation at nine microsatellite dna loci. local spatial autocorrelation analyses identified locations where seals were more highly related to the colony than average. these locations were also areas where the more successful females bred, were occupied fir ... | 2001 | 11321059 |
| unsteady-state gas exchange and storage in diving marine mammals: the harbor porpoise and gray seal. | breath-by-breath measurements of end-tidal o(2) and co(2) concentrations in harbor porpoise reveal that the respiratory gas exchange ratio (r(r); co(2) output/o(2) uptake) of the first lung ventilation in a breathing bout after a prolonged breath-hold is always well below the animal's metabolic respiratory quotient (rq) of 0.85. thus the longest apneic pauses are always followed by an initial breath having a very low r(r) (0.6-0.7), which thereafter increases with each subsequent breath to value ... | 2001 | 11448852 |
| microsatellite variation in ringed seals (phoca hispida): genetic structure and history of the baltic sea population. | genetic variability and population structure of baltic ringed seals and an arctic reference population were assessed using eight microsatellite loci. ringed seals colonized the baltic sea basin soon after deglaciation 11 500 years ago and are supposed to have remained largely isolated from the main arctic stock since then, approximately 1000 generations. in the 1900s the baltic population declined rapidly, and is now confined to three distinct breeding areas, with n < 6000 seals altogether. micr ... | 2001 | 11554977 |
| the influence of parental relatedness on reproductive success. | the relationship between fitness and parental similarity has been dominated by studies of how inbreeding depression lowers fecundity in incestuous matings. a widespread implicit assumption is that adult fitness (reproduction) of individuals born to parents who are not unusually closely related is more or less equal. examination of three long-lived vertebrates, the long-finned pilot whale, the grey seal and the wandering albatross reveals significant negative relationships between parental simila ... | 2001 | 11571049 |
| reproductive toxicity in mink (mustela vison) chronically exposed to environmentally relevant polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations. | female mink were exposed to a technical polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) preparation (clophen a50 [a50]; 0.1 or 0.3 mg/animal/d), one fraction of a50 containing the non- and mono-ortho-chlorinated congeners (0-1-ortho-chlorobiphenyls [cbs]), another fraction of a50 containing the congeners with two to four ortho-chlorines (2-4-ortho-cbs), or an organic extract from baltic gray seal blubber. the animals were exposed for 18 months, including two reproduction seasons. among the animals given the high ... | 2001 | 11596766 |
| renal lesions in baltic grey seals (halichoerus grypus) and ringed seals (phoca hispida botnica). | a severe reduction in the populations of grey and ringed seals in the baltic occurred during the 1960s and 1970s. adult animals showed (and still show) a series of lesions inter alia in the female reproductive organs, intestines, integument, kidneys, adrenals, and skulls (the baltic seal disease complex). the morphology and prevalence of light microscopic changes in the kidneys of 76 grey seals and 29 ringed seals collected in the baltic proper and the gulf of bothnia during 1977-1996 are presen ... | 2001 | 11795214 |
| effects of sonic booms on breeding gray seals and harbor seals on sable island, canada. | the concorde produces audible sonic booms as it passes 15 km north of sable island, nova scotia, where gray and harbor seals occur year round. the purpose of this research was to assess how sonic booms affect these seals. the intensity of the booms was measured and three types of data (beach counts, frequency of behavior, and heart rate) were collected before and after booms during the breeding seasons of the two species. in addition to the data taken during breeding, beach counts were made befo ... | 2002 | 11837965 |
| fasting and lactation effect fat-soluble vitamin a and e levels in blood and their distribution in tissue of grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | grey seals among other phacoids represent a good model to study the mobilisation, transfer and deposition of fat-soluble components such as vitamins in lactating females and suckling pups because during the lactation period mothers may fast completely while secreting large quantities of high fat milks, and pups deposit large amounts of fat as blubber. the level of vitamins a and e in different tissues (liver, adipose tissue, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle, testis) and blood plasma of adult grey ... | 2002 | 11897201 |
| variations in the severity of phocid herpesvirus type 1 infections with age in grey seals and harbour seals. | the data recorded during an outbreak of phocid herpesvirus type 1 infection among 19 harbour seals and 29 grey seals being nursed in a seal rehabilitation centre in the netherlands in 1998 were used, together with data from similar outbreaks in previous years, to compare the clinical signs observed in the two species at different ages. the severity of the disease was inversely correlated with age in the harbour seals, and the infected harbour seals generally developed more severe clinical signs ... | 2002 | 12019650 |
| identification of anisakid nematodes from the southern baltic sea using pcr-based methods. | four common species of baltic anisakids anisakis simplex, hysterothylacium auctum, contracaecum osculatum from fish (the last one also from the grey seal) and c. rudolphii from cormorants were examined using pcr-rflp technique for working out the method allowing their identification and differentiation. a fragment of nuclear dna containing intergenic regions (its-1 and its-2) of ribosomal dna together with adjacent sequences of genes coding 18s and 28s rrna (in total; approximately 1500 bp) was ... | 2002 | 12030761 |
| isolation of two cytochrome p450 cdnas, cyp1a1 and cyp1a2, from harp seal (phoca groenlandica) and grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | two cytochrome p450 (cyp), cyp1a1 and cyp1a2, cdna sequences have been isolated and cloned from harp seal (phoca groenlandica) and grey seal (halichoerus grypus). erod, a model substrate for cyp1a, and heterologous antibodies have been employed as a biomarker in marine mammals, however the cyp1a sequences have not been characterised in these two seal species. mrna was used as the template in rt-pcr, rather than dna as this indicates transcription of the cyp1a gene in these seal species exposed t ... | 2002 | 12106895 |
| current levels of ddt, pcb and trace elements in the baltic ringed seals (phoca hispida baltica) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | residue levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis[p-chlorophenyl]ethane (ddt) were determined from liver samples of ringed seals (phoca lispida) from the baltic sea and svalbard, and of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from the baltic sea and sable island in canada. both baltic seal populations showed clearly higher average sum pcb (spcb) and sum ddt (sddt) levels than the reference seal populations. among the baltic seals, spcb levels were twice as high as sddt level ... | 2002 | 12166673 |
| perfluorooctanesulfonate and related fluorinated hydrocarbons in marine mammals, fishes, and birds from coasts of the baltic and the mediterranean seas. | perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos; c8f17so3-), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (fosa; c8f17so2nh2), perfluorohexanesulfonate (pfhxs; c6f13so3-), and perfluorooctanoate (pfoa; c7f15co2-) were detected in 175 samples of liver and blood of bluefin tuna (thunnus thynnus), swordfish (xiphias gladius), common cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo), bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus), striped dolphins (stenella coeruleoalba), common dolphins (delphinus delphi), fin whales (balenoptera physalus), and long-finne ... | 2002 | 12188342 |
| a high-performance-liquid-chromatography-based method for the determination of hydroxylated testosterone metabolites formed in vitro in liver microsomes from gray seal (halichoerus grypus). | a reproducible and sensitive high-performance-liquid-chromatography (hplc)-based method with uv-vis detection is developed and optimized for the determination of hydroxytestosterone compounds formed via the cytochrome p450 enzyme-mediated metabolism of testosterone. the method is used to characterize and quantitate hydroxytestosterone metabolites formed in vitro via testosterone incubation with hepatic microsomes from the liver of gray seals (halichoerus grypus). the hplc method employs a zorbax ... | 2002 | 12201482 |
| the occurrence of corynosoma strumosum in the grey seal, halichoerus grypus, caught off the atlantic coast of ireland. | the occurrence, location and sex ratio of corynosoma strumosum (acanthoceophala: polymorphidae) from 26 juvenile grey seals, halichoerus grypus, by-caught from around the inishkea islands, co. mayo, from march to june 1997 were recorded. the location of c. strumosum within the seal did not vary, with all worms being found in the small intestine. the prevalence of infection was 100%, with no other acanthocephalan species being recorded. the mean abundance was 416 (range 80-846) c. strumosum per s ... | 2002 | 12363376 |
| pcbs and ocps in male harbour, grey, harp and hooded seals from the estuary and gulf of st lawrence, canada. | blubber samples from adult male harbour seals (phoca vitulina) from the st lawrence estuary, and from grey (halichoerus grypus), harp (phoca groenlandica) and hooded (cystophora cristata) seals from the gulf of st lawrence, were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) and organochlorinated pesticides (ocp). all seals were between 5 and 19 years of age, and mean ages were not statistically different among the seal species. mean concentrations of sigmapcb and mirex were significantly higher i ... | 2002 | 12398323 |
| concentrations and enantiomer fractions of organochlorine compounds in baltic species hit by reproductive impairment. | concentrations and enantiomer fractions (efs) of organochlorine compounds (ocs) were determined in tissues of gray seal (halichoerus grypus) and salmon (salmo salar) originating from the baltic sea. the selected seal specimens ranged from starved to unstarved animals, and some of them suffered from a disease complex, while the salmon samples originated from individuals, which were known to produce offspring with and without the m74 syndrome. significant differences in residue levels and efs were ... | 2002 | 12463547 |
| contaminant exposure and effects in baltic ringed and grey seals as assessed by biomarkers. | the baltic sea ecosystem has suffered from a heavy pollutant load for more than three decades. persistent organic pollutants (pops) and heavy metals have been of most concern due to their persistence and toxic properties. ringed seals (phoca hispida baltica) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) living in the baltic sea have been suffering from pathological impairments, including reproductive disturbances, which have resulted in a depressed reproductive capacity. we investigated several biochemica ... | 2003 | 12469777 |
| presence and regulation of metallothioneins in peripheral blood leukocytes of grey seals. | heavy metal residues have been reported at high levels in marine mammals. although the immunotoxicity of these contaminants has been demonstrated in laboratory models, evaluation of their potential immunotoxicity for human and wildlife species is complicated by variables that modulate the immune response and the immunotoxic effects of xenobiotics under field conditions. metallothioneins (mt) modulate the bioavaibility of physiological cations and the toxicity of heavy metals. moreover, these pro ... | 2002 | 12498737 |
| partitioning of persistent organic pollutants in grey seal (halichoerus grypus) mother-pup pairs. | phocid seals have lipid rich milk, which is known to serve as a transfer medium through which persistent organic pollutants (pops) move from mother to offspring during lactation. however, knowledge on this generational transfer of different pops and the partitioning of these compounds in maternal and offspring tissues over the course of the lactation are limited. in this study we examined the qualitative and quantitative partitioning of a range of chlorinated pops in maternal blubber, blood and ... | 2003 | 12526905 |
| corynosoma magdaleni in gray seals from the gulf of bothnia, with emended descriptions of corynosoma strumosum and corynosoma magdaleni. | because of the likelihood that corynosoma magdaleni montreuil, 1958. has been confused with c. strumosum (rudolphi, 1802) in reports of parasites from seals and to clarify its distribution in the baltic sea, acanthocephalans from 26 young gray seals from the southwestern finnish archipelago (western baltic sea) were examined. all harbored c. semerme (forssell. 1904). in addition to c. semerme, 12 had both c. strumosum and c. magdaleni, 3 had only c. strumosum, and 9 had only c. magdaleni. most a ... | 2002 | 12537117 |
| hepatic microsomal cytochrome p450 enzyme activity in relation to in vitro metabolism/inhibition of polychlorinated biphenyls and testosterone in baltic grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | among other factors, cytochrome p450 (cyp) enzyme activity determines polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and toxicity in exposed species. we measured the oxidative metabolism in vitro of 12 pcb congeners, representing structural groups based on the number and position of the chlorine atoms, by the hepatic microsomes of one baltic grey seal (halichoerus grypus). microsomal metabolism was observed for several pcbs with vicinal h atoms exclusively in the ortho and me ... | 2003 | 12627653 |
| histology of uterine leiomyoma and occurrence in relation to reproductive activity in the baltic gray seal (halichoerus grypus). | a high prevalence of uterine leiomyoma has been reported in baltic gray seals aged 15 years and above. studies on baltic seals during the 1970s revealed high tissue concentrations of the organochlorines bis(chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (ddt) and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), lowered reproduction rate, and pathologic changes. in the second half of the 1970s, decreases of pcb and ddt in baltic biota occurred, and the prevalence of pregnancies in baltic seals increased. between 1975 and ... | 2003 | 12637757 |
| thermal windows on the trunk of hauled-out seals: hot spots for thermoregulatory evaporation? | seals have adapted to the high heat transfer coefficient in the aquatic environment by effective thermal insulation of the body core. while swimming and diving, excess metabolic heat is supposed to be dissipated mainly over the sparsely insulated body appendages, whereas the location of main heat sinks in hauled-out seals remains unclear. here, we demonstrate thermal windows on the trunk of harbour seals, harp seals and a grey seal examined under various ambient temperatures using infrared therm ... | 2003 | 12682104 |
| marine mammals from northeast atlantic: relationship between their trophic status as determined by delta13c and delta15n measurements and their trace metal concentrations. | the relationship between trophic position through delta13c and delta15n and trace metal concentrations (zn, cd, cu and hg) was investigated in the tissues of six marine mammal species from the northeast atlantic: striped dolphin stenella coeruleoalba, common dolphin, delphinus delphis, atlantic white-sided dolphin lagenorhynchus acutus, harbour porpoise phocoena phocoena, white beaked-dolphin lagenorhynchus albirostris, grey seal halichoerus grypus stranded on french channel and irish coasts. wh ... | 2003 | 12738219 |
| proliferative effects of estradiol, progesterone, and two cb congeners and their metabolites on gray seal (halichoerus grypus) uterine myocytes in vitro. | gray seal females living in the baltic sea have been found to exhibit a high prevalence of uterine leiomyomas. these animals are also known to accumulate lipid-soluble pcbs in their blubber. pcbs have documented endocrine-disrupting effects; to investigate whether the pcbs could be part of the genesis of uterine smooth muscle tumors in this species, gray seal myometrial cell cultures were exposed to two cbs and their metabolites, as well as to estradiol and progesterone, after which the effects ... | 2003 | 12805643 |
| seal gammaherpesviruses: identification, characterisation and epidemiology. | phocid herpesvirus type 2 (phhv-2), tentatively classified as a gammaherpesvirus, has been isolated from european and american harbour seals (phoca vitulina). here we describe the isolation and the molecular as well as biological characterisation of different phhv-2 isolates from harbour seals and grey seals (halichoerus grypus). of 522 harbour seals and 231 grey seals that had been admitted to the seal research and rehabilitation centre in pieterburen, the netherlands, between 1992 and 2000, 38 ... | 2003 | 12837554 |
| polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in grey seals during their first year of life--are they thyroid hormone endocrine disrupters? | blubber biopsy and blood samples were collected from weaned grey seal pups and juveniles in 1998 and 1999. the relationship between the concentration of total pdbes in the blubber and the circulating concentrations of serum proteins, minerals and thyroid hormones was investigated. fifty-four post-weaned pups were sampled and 55 first year juveniles, of which 13 were recaptured post-weaned pups. the median concentration of total pbdes in the pups' blubber was 170 and 460 ng g(-1) in the first-yea ... | 2003 | 12860100 |
| negative relationship between pcbs and plasma retinol in low-contaminated free-ranging gray seal pups (halichoerus grypus). | polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) have been shown to affect retinol (vitamin a) homeostasis in adult as well as neonatal seals. the aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between plasma (pl)-retinol status and pcb concentrations in different blood compartments (blood cells (bcs), pl, and whole blood (wb)) of free-ranging neonatal gray seals (halichoerus grypus) and to identify which pcb congeners may be responsible for the pl-retinol-depressing effects of pcbs. pl-retinol conce ... | 2003 | 12865050 |
| the influence of oxygen and carbon dioxide on diving behaviour of tufted ducks, aythya fuligula. | while optimal diving models focus on the diver's oxygen (o(2)) stores as the predominant factor influencing diving behaviour, many vertebrate species surface from a dive before these stores are exhausted and may commence another dive well after their o(2) stores have been resaturated. this study investigates the influence of hypoxia and also hypercapnia on the dive cycle of tufted ducks, aythya fuligula, in terms of surface duration and dive duration. the birds were trained to surface into a res ... | 2003 | 13130424 |
| delayed implantation in the grey seal, halichoerus grypus (fab.). | | 1956 | 13358804 |
| variation in the secondary sex-ratio of the grey seal halichoerus grypus (fab.) during the breeding season. | | 1961 | 13695938 |
| features of reproduction in the grey seal. | | 1964 | 14178134 |
| experimental trichinella infection in seals. | the susceptibility of seals to infection with trichinella nativa and the cold tolerant characteristics of muscle larvae in seal meat were evaluated. two grey seals, halichoerus grypus, were inoculated with 5000 (100 larvae/kg) t. nativa larvae and two grey seals with 50000 (1000 larvae/kg). one seal from each dose group and two control seals were killed at 5 and 10 weeks post-inoculation (p.i.). at 5 weeks p.i., infection was established in both low and high dose seals with mean larval densities ... | 2003 | 14572509 |
| polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in baltic and atlantic gray seal (halichoerus grypus) pups. | organochlorine pollutants (ocs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), ddt, chlordanes (chls), hexachlorobenzene (hcb) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (hchs) were determined in blubber biopsies from free-ranging baltic and atlantic gray seal (halichoerus grypus) pups. well-fed pups from the baltic sea had concentrations of ddt, pcbs, and hchs that were 2 to 10 times higher than in corresponding pups from populations in the atlantic ocean. the oc pattern in the baltic seals differed significantly ... | 2003 | 14587923 |
| bone mineral density in male baltic grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | bone mineral density (mg cm(-3)) was studied in male baltic grey seals (4-23 years of age) by noninvasive computed tomography (pqct). the material was grouped according to year of collection. group a: 1850-1955, a period before the main introduction of organochlorines (ocs); group b: 1965-1985, a period with very high oc contamination; and group c: 1986-1997, a period with decreasing concentrations of ocs. the reproducibility of the measurements was good with a coefficient of variation (cv) rang ... | 2003 | 14627366 |
| comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography of the 209 polychlorinated biphenyls. | comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (gc x gc) of the 209 polychlorinated biphenyls (cbs) was carried out using a longitudinally modulated cryogenic system (lmcs) and liquid carbon dioxide as cryogen. the effluent from a non-polar column was modulated and further separated on either a polar or a shape-selective second-dimension column. five gc x gc column combinations were evaluated, with db-xlb as the first column in each case. db-xlb separates more congeners than any other gc colum ... | 2003 | 14650609 |
| determination of atropisomeric and planar polychlorinated biphenyls, their enantiomeric fractions and tissue distribution in grey seals using comprehensive 2d gas chromatography. | high prevalence of uterine occlusions and sterility is found among baltic ringed and grey seal. polychlorinated biphenyls (cbs) are suspected to be the main cause. the cb concentrations are higher in affected than in healthy animals, but the natural variation is considerable. thus, it might be possible to assess the health status of seals by cb analysis. the ratios of chiral compounds (enantiomeric fractions (efs)) such as atropisomeric cbs are of particularinterest, since these may reflect diff ... | 2003 | 14650610 |
| identification and molecular characterization of beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from harbor seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) of the german north and baltic seas. | bacteriological investigations of seals of the german north and baltic seas resulted in the isolation of bacteria of the genus streptococcus belonging to lancefield's serological groups c, f, and l. according to biochemical, serological, and 16s ribosomal dna analysis, the group c and group f streptococci were identified as streptococcus phocae. the group l streptococci could be classified as streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae. | 2004 | 14715808 |
| perfluorinated chemicals infiltrate ocean waters: link between exposure levels and stable isotope ratios in marine mammals. | this is the first study to report on concentrations of perfluorinated organochemicals (focs) in marine mammals stranded along the southern north sea coast in relation to stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios (delta15n and delta13c). the presence of focs in top predators such as marine mammals would indicate a potential biomagnification of these compounds and their widespread occurrence. liver and kidney tissues of nine marine mammal species have been sampled. among all the measured focs comp ... | 2003 | 14717162 |
| a gray seal's (halichoerus grypus) responses to experimenter-given pointing and directional cues. | a gray seal (halichoerus grypus) was trained to touch a target on its left or right by responding to pointing signals. the authors then tested whether the seal would be able to generalize spontaneously to altered signals. it responded correctly to center pointing and head turning, center upper body turning, and off-center pointing but not to head turning and eye movements alone. the seal also responded correctly to brief ipsilateral and contralateral points from center and lateral positions. poi ... | 2003 | 14717636 |
| lactation in the grey seal. | | 1951 | 14825243 |
| combining demographic, environmental and genetic data to test hypotheses about colonization events in metapopulations. | we describe a method for making inferences about the factors that influence colonization processes in natural populations. we consider the general situation where we have genetic data from a newly colonized population and also from i source populations that may have contributed individuals to the founding group that established the new population. the model assumes that p (biotic/abiotic) factors, g(1), ... ,g(p) may have influenced some individuals in some of the source populations to find a ne ... | 2004 | 15012757 |
| bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone (bcps) in swedish marine and fresh water wildlife-a screening study. | bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone (bcps) is a high production volume chemical (hpvc) applied in thermostable polymers. bcps has been detected as an environmental contaminant both in europe and in north america but it is still not a commonly studied pollutant. in this study, three baltic sea fish species; herring (clupea harengus), salmon (salmo salar) and perch (perca fluviatilis) from the swedish coast, and one inland fish species, arctic char (salvelinus alpinus), were analysed to screen for the occ ... | 2004 | 15051243 |
| mercury and selenium in arctic and coastal seals off the coast of norway. | mercury and selenium concentrations (wet weight) have been determined in samples of liver, kidney and brain of grey seal (halichoerus grypus), harbour seal (phoca vitulina), harp seal (phoca groenlandica) and ringed seal (phoca hispida) caught along the norwegian coast, 114 individuals in all. significant differences have been found in mercury contamination between the 4 species caught in the same coastal area, jarfjord, located at the north-east of the norwegian coast close to the russian borde ... | 1994 | 15091671 |
| experimental toxoplasma gondii infection in grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | laboratory-reared animals were used to assess the susceptibility of seals (halichoerus grypus) to toxoplasma gondii infection. four seals were each orally inoculated with 100 or 10,000 oocysts of t. gondii (veg strain), and another 4 seals served as negative controls. occasionally, mild behavioral changes were observed in all inoculated seals but not in control animals. a modified agglutination test revealed the presence of antibodies to t. gondii in sera collected from inoculated seals and mice ... | 2004 | 15165046 |