| ecological analyses of the intestinal helminth communities of the wolf, canis lupus, in spain. | this work describes the ecological characteristics of the intestinal helminth communities of 50 wolves (canis lupus l.) from spain. the species found were classified into three groups according to prevalence, intensity and intestinal distribution. taenia hydatigena pallas, 1766 and uncinaria stenocephala (railliet, 1884) are the core species of the community. taenia multiceps (leske, 1780) is a secondary species. the rest of the species, alaria alata (goeze, 1782), taenia serialis (gervais, 1847 ... | 2003 | 14535350 |
| a strong correlation exists between the distribution of retinal ganglion cells and nose length in the dog. | the domestic dog, canis lupus familiaris, is a subspecies of the gray wolf, canis lupus, with almost identical mitochondrial dna. the dog is the most diverse species on earth, with skull length varying between 7 and 28 cm whereas the wolf skull is around 30 cm long. however, eye size in dogs does not appear to vary as much. for example, small dogs such as the chihuahua appear to have very large eyes in proportion to the skull. our aim was to examine eye size and retinal cell numbers and distribu ... | 2004 | 14673195 |
| canine parvovirus enteritis, canine distemper, and major histocompatibility complex genetic variation in mexican wolves. | the endangered mexican wolf (canis lupus baileyi) was recently reintroduced into arizona and new mexico (usa). in 1999 and 2000, pups from three litters that were part of the reintroduction program died of either canine parvovirus or canine distemper. overall, half (seven of 14) of the pups died of either canine parvovirus or canine distemper. the parents and their litters were analyzed for variation at the class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) gene drb1. similar mhc genes are related ... | 2003 | 14733289 |
| evidence of genetic distinction and long-term population decline in wolves (canis lupus) in the italian apennines. | historical information suggests the occurrence of an extensive human-caused contraction in the distribution range of wolves (canis lupus) during the last few centuries in europe. wolves disappeared from the alps in the 1920s, and thereafter continued to decline in peninsular italy until the 1970s, when approximately 100 individuals survived, isolated in the central apennines. in this study we performed a coalescent analysis of multilocus dna markers to infer patterns and timing of historical pop ... | 2004 | 14871358 |
| study on the ecological distribution of alveolar echinococcus in hulunbeier pasture of inner mongolia, china. | a study on the ecological distribution of alveolar echinococcus was carried out in the hulunbeier pasture of inner mongolia, china during 1998 and 1999. animals examined included wolves (canis lupus), red foxes (vulpes vulpes), sand foxes (vulpes corsac), domestic dogs (canis familiaris), microtus brandti, meriones unguiculatus, citellus dauricus, allactaga sibirica, phodopus sungorus and ochotona daurica. three wolves were found to be infected with e. granulosus. two sand foxes were infected wi ... | 2004 | 15030006 |
| ancient wolf lineages in india. | all previously obtained wolf (canis lupus) and dog (canis familiaris) mitochondrial (mt) dna sequences fall within an intertwined and shallow clade (the 'wolf-dog' clade). we sequenced mtdna of recent and historical samples from 45 wolves from throughout lowland peninsular india and 23 wolves from the himalayas and tibetan plateau and compared these sequences with all available wolf and dog sequences. all 45 lowland indian wolves have one of four closely related haplotypes that form a well-suppo ... | 2004 | 15101402 |
| experimental brucella abortus infection in wolves. | four juvenile male wolves (canis lupus) each received an oral dose of 1.6-1.7 x 10(12) colony-forming units of brucella abortus biovar 1 isolated from a bison (bison bison) in wood buffalo national park (canada), and two others served as negative controls. infected wolves did not show clinical signs of disease but did develop high brucella antibody titers. small numbers of b. abortus were excreted sporadically in feces until day 50 postinoculation (pi). very small numbers of the bacterium were i ... | 2004 | 15137489 |
| serum lipid concentrations in six canid and four ursid species in four zoos. | serum lipid levels were measured in healthy captive wild canids and ursids, and the values were compared with previously published data. serum lipid levels were evaluated in blood samples collected from eight african wild dogs (lycaon pictus), three arctic foxes (alopex lagopus), nine gray wolves (canis lupus), four maned wolves (chrysocyon brachyurus), two mexican wolves (canis lupus baleiyi), nine red wolves (canis rufus), two brown bears (ursus arctos), six polar bears (ursus maritimus), six ... | 2004 | 15193071 |
| the distribution of echinococcus granulosus in moose: evidence for parasite-induced vulnerability to predation by wolves? | the role of parasites in influencing the trophic dynamics of hosts is becoming increasingly recognized in the ecological literature. echinococcus granulosus is a tapeworm that relies on the predator-prey relationship between the definitive host (wolf, canis lupus) and the intermediate host, (moose, alces alces) to complete its life cycle. heavy infection by e. granulosus may predispose moose to increased risk of predation by wolves. theory predicts that parasite-induced vulnerability to predatio ... | 2004 | 15232731 |
| from wild wolf to domestic dog: gene expression changes in the brain. | despite the relatively recent divergence time between domestic dogs (canis familiaris) and gray wolves (canis lupus), the two species show remarkable behavioral differences. since dogs and wolves are nearly identical at the level of dna sequence, we hypothesize that the two species may differ in patterns of gene expression. we compare gene expression patterns in dogs, wolves and a close relative, the coyote (canis latrans), in three parts of the brain: hypothalamus, amygdala and frontal cortex, ... | 2004 | 15249144 |
| natural west nile virus infection in a captive juvenile arctic wolf (canis lupus). | a case of west nile virus (wnv) infection in a captive 4-month-old arctic wolf (canis lupus) is described. the animal had vomiting, anorexia, and ataxia before death. histopathology revealed multifocal severe renal lymphoplasmacytic vasculitis, mostly affecting small arterioles, with fibrinoid degeneration of some vessel walls. many small foci of gliosis were detected in the cerebral cortex. west nile virus was demonstrated in the kidneys and cerebrum by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain ... | 2004 | 15305745 |
| dogs (canis lupus familiaris) fail to show understanding of means-end connections in a string-pulling task. | domestic dogs (canis lupus familiaris) were tested in four experiments for their understanding of means-end connections. in each of the experiments, the dogs attempted to retrieve a food treat that could be seen behind a barrier and which was connected, via string, to a within-reach wooden block. in the experiments, either one or two strings were present, but the treat was attached only to one string. successful retrieval of the treat required the animals to pull the appropriate string (either b ... | 2005 | 15338446 |
| antibodies to selected pathogens in free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mammals in canada. | antibody titres to selected pathogens (canine adenovirus [cav-2], feline herpesvirus [fhv], phocine herpesvirus [phv-1], canine distemper virus, dolphin morbillivirus [dmv], phocine distemper virus [pdv], parainfluenza virus type 3 [pi3], rabies virus, dolphin rhabdovirus [drv], canine coronavirus, feline coronavirus, feline leukaemia virus, borrelia burgdorferi and toxoplasma gondii) were determined in whole blood or serum samples from selected free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mam ... | 2004 | 15338705 |
| trichinella pseudospiralis foci in sweden. | in sweden, the prevalence of trichinella infection in domestic pigs has greatly decreased since the 1970s, with no reports in the past 4 years. however, infected wild animals continue to be found. the objective of the present study was to identify the species of trichinella present in animals of sweden, so as to contribute to the knowledge on the distribution area and hosts useful for the prevention and control of this zoonosis. in the period 1985-2003, trichinella larvae were detected in the mu ... | 2004 | 15482889 |
| north spain (burgos) wild mammals ectoparasites. | twenty-seven species of arthropods were collected from 105 wild mammals, six wolves canis lupus (linnaeus, 1758) included. a total of 87 animals (82.8%) harboured some ectoparasites. ticks were found in 60% of the samples, fleas in 51.4%, chewing-lice in 3.8%, and others (mesostigmata and hippoboscids) in 3.8%. moreover, 42.5% were single infestation and 57.5% mixed. some of the species were new records for a host in spanish country such as trichodectes canis (de géer, 1778), ixodes triangulicep ... | 2004 | 15490750 |
| legacy lost: genetic variability and population size of extirpated us grey wolves (canis lupus). | by the mid 20th century, the grey wolf (canis lupus) was exterminated from most of the conterminous united states (cus) and mexico. however, because wolves disperse over long distances, extant populations in canada and alaska might have retained a substantial proportion of the genetic diversity once found in the cus. we analysed mitochondrial dna sequences of 34 pre-extermination wolves and found that they had more than twice the diversity of their modern conspecifics, implying a historic popula ... | 2005 | 15643947 |
| molecular epidemiology of terrestrial rabies in the former soviet union. | fifty-five rabies virus isolates originating from different regions of the former soviet union (fsu) were compared with isolates originating from eurasia, africa, and north america according to complete or partial nucleoprotein (n) gene sequences. the fsu isolates formed five distinct groups. group a represented viruses originating from the arctic, which were similar to viruses from alaska and canada. group b consisted of "arctic-like" viruses, originating from the south of east siberia and the ... | 2004 | 15650080 |
| serologic survey for selected disease agents in wolves (canis lupus) from alaska and the yukon territory, 1984-2000. | wolves (canis lupus) were captured in several geographic areas of alaska (usa) and the yukon territory (canada) during 1984-2000. blood was collected from 1,122 animals. sera were tested for antibodies against infectious canine hepatitis virus (ich), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv), francisella tularensis, and serovars of leptospira interrogans. antibody prevalence for ich was >84% for all areas. area-specific prevalences of antibodies ranged from 12% to 70% for cpv, from 0 ... | 2004 | 15650081 |
| snps in ecological and conservation studies: a test in the scandinavian wolf population. | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have the potential to become the genetic marker of choice in studies of the ecology and conservation of natural populations because of their capacity to access variability across the genome. in this study, we provide one of the first demonstrations of snp discovery in a wild population in order to address typical issues of importance in ecology and conservation in the recolonized scandinavian and neighbouring finnish wolf canis lupus populations. using end ... | 2005 | 15660941 |
| transmission of neospora caninum between wild and domestic animals. | to determine whether deer can transmit neospora caninum, brains of naturally infected white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were fed to 4 dogs; 2 of these dogs shed oocysts. oocysts from 1 of the dogs were tested by polymerase chain reaction and found to be positive for n. caninum and negative for hammondia heydorni. the internal transcribed spacer 1 sequence of the new strain (designated nc-deer1) was identical to n. caninum from domestic animals, indicating that n. caninum is transmitted ... | 2004 | 15715229 |
| gray wolves as climate change buffers in yellowstone. | understanding the mechanisms by which climate and predation patterns by top predators co-vary to affect community structure accrues added importance as humans exert growing influence over both climate and regional predator assemblages. in yellowstone national park, winter conditions and reintroduced gray wolves (canis lupus) together determine the availability of winter carrion on which numerous scavenger species depend for survival and reproduction. as climate changes in yellowstone, therefore, ... | 2005 | 15757363 |
| epidemiological aspects of canine visceral leishmaniosis in the islamic republic of iran. | an epidemiological study to examine the sero-prevalence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis (zvl) among domestic and wild canines in endemic foci of iran was carried out during 1999-2003 to assess the distribution of the disease and the possible association between infection in dogs, wild canines and people. anti-leishmanial antibodies were detected by the direct agglutination test (dat). parasitological study was performed for all captured wild canines and were detected in some of the seropositi ... | 2005 | 15845279 |
| intrapopulation variation in gray wolf isotope (delta(15)n and delta(13)c) profiles: implications for the ecology of individuals. | trophic relationships among organisms in terrestrial boreal ecosystems define ecological communities and are important in determining dynamics of energy flow and ecosystem function. we examined trophic relationships between the gray wolf (canis lupus) and 18 mammalian species from the boreal forest of central saskatchewan, canada, using delta(13)c and delta(15)n stable isotope values measured in guard hair samples. variance in isotope values for wolves and other carnivores was investigated as a ... | 2005 | 15883848 |
| helminth parasites of wolves (canis lupus): a species list and an analysis of published prevalence studies in nearctic and palaearctic populations. | a literature survey was undertaken in order to draw up a definitive list of helminth parasites of the wolf, canis lupus. from 27 papers a total of 72 helminth species from 40 genera were recorded that infect wolves, of which 93% were identified from the gastrointestinal tract at necropsy. they comprised 28 species of nematode, 27 species of cestode, 16 species of trematode and one acanthocephalan. of these, 46 species were able to be included in further meta-analysis of prevalence data derived f ... | 2005 | 15946392 |
| complex interactions among mammalian carnivores in australia, and their implications for wildlife management. | mammalian carnivore populations are often intensively managed, either because the carnivore in question is endangered, or because it is viewed as a pest and is subjected to control measures, or both. most management programmes treat carnivore species in isolation. however, there is a large and emerging body of evidence to demonstrate that populations of different carnivores interact with each other in a variety of complex ways. thus, the removal or introduction of predators to or from a system c ... | 2005 | 16094805 |
| diseases and mortality in free-ranging brown bear (ursus arctos), gray wolf (canis lupus), and wolverine (gulo gulo) in sweden. | ninety-eight brown bears (ursus arctos), 20 gray wolves (canis lupus), and 27 wolverines (gulo gulo), all free-ranging, were submitted to the national veterinary institute, uppsala, sweden, during 1987-2001 for investigation of diseases and causes of mortality. the most common cause of natural death in brown bears was infanticide. infanticide also was observed in wolverines but not in wolves. traumatic injuries, originating from road or railway accidents, were the most common cause of death in w ... | 2005 | 16107663 |
| functional trade-offs in the limb bones of dogs selected for running versus fighting. | the physical demands of rapid and economical running differ from the demands of fighting in ways that may prevent the simultaneous evolution of optimal performance in these two behaviors. here, we test an hypothesis of functional trade-off in limb bones by measuring mechanical properties of limb bones in two breeds of domestic dog (canis lupus familiaris l.) that have undergone intense artificial selection for running (greyhound) and fighting (pit bull) performance. the bones were loaded to frac ... | 2005 | 16155220 |
| unequal contribution of sexes in the origin of dog breeds. | dogs (canis familiaris) were domesticated from the gray wolf (canis lupus) at least 14,000 years ago, and there is evidence of dogs with phenotypes similar to those in modern breeds 4000 years ago. however, recent genetic analyses have suggested that modern dog breeds have a much more recent origin, probably <200 years ago. to study the origin of contemporaneous breeds we combined the analysis of paternally inherited y chromosome markers with maternally inherited mitochondrial dna and biparental ... | 2006 | 16219789 |
| seroprevalences of antibodies to neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in zoo animals. | neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that causes neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortions in cattle. little is known about the prevalence of antibodies to this parasite in zoo animals. sera from 556 animals, from 13 czech and slovak zoos were tested for antibodies to n. caninum and toxoplasma gondii by indirect fluorescent antibody test. antibodies to n. caninum were found in 31 of 556 zoo animals (5.6%), representing 18 of 114 species tested: eurasian wolf (canis lupus lupus), maned ... | 2006 | 16387445 |
| prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in wild animals. | antibodies to neospora caninum were determined in several species of wild animals in the united states by the neospora agglutination test (nat). antibodies (nat 1:40 or higher) were found in 5 of 249 bison (bison bison), 5 of 160 caribou (rangifer tarandus), 4 of 162 moose (alces alces), 4 of 122 wolves (canis lupus), and 1 of 224 musk ox (ovibos moschatus) but not in 197 black bears (ursus americanus). to our knowledge, this is the first report of antibodies to n. caninum in bison and caribou. ... | 2005 | 16419771 |
| low seroprevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in wild canids in israel. | the role of domestic dogs in the epidemiology of neospora caninum as well as the relationship between n. caninum infection of farm dogs and cattle were demonstrated, however, evidence is scarce regarding the role of wild canids in domestic animal neosporosis. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of wild canids in the epidemiology of bovine neosporosis in israel by analyzing the prevalence of antibodies to n. caninum in wild canids. sera samples were collected from 114 free rangi ... | 2006 | 16436314 |
| a study of ectoparasites of canis lupus familiaris in mueang district, khon kaen, thailand. | we studied ectoparasites found on canis lupus familiaris sampled in five areas in mueang district, khon kaen province, thailand. the prevalence of fleas and ticks as well as their density were determined in 100 dogs that did not receive treatments. a total number of 458 ectoparasites was found corresponding to two species: 25.8% ctenocephalides canis and 74.2% rhipicephalus sanguineus. r. sanguineus was the most abundant species, and ct. canis was the only flea species found. the stages of r. sa ... | 2005 | 16438201 |
| echocardiographic and doppler echocardiographic findings in 11 wolves (canis lupus). | two-dimensional real-time, m-mode and doppler echocardiographic measurements were made in 11 adult wolves (canis lupus) anaesthetised with an intramuscular combination of medetomidine, ketamine, butorphanol and acepromazine followed by isoflurane in oxygen. m-mode measurements of the left ventricle, b-mode measurements of the left atrium and aorta, systolic indices, and doppler measurements of aortic and pulmonary blood outflow, and of mitral and tricuspid blood inflow, were recorded. the values ... | 2006 | 16443838 |
| intestinal macro- and microparasites of wolves (canis lupus l.) from north-eastern poland recovered by coprological study. | wolf scats collected during ecological studies in mazury lake district in ne poland were analysed for intestinal micro- and macroparasites. five nematode species were identified: ancylostoma caninum (ercolani, 1859), uncinaria stenocephala (railliet, 1884), trichuris vulpis (froelich, 1789), toxocara canis (werner, 1782) and toxascaris leonina (von linstow, 1902). among cestode species there were identified infections with dipylidium caninum (linnaeus, 1785). the overall helminth prevalence was ... | 2005 | 16457480 |
| pitfalls of applying adaptive management to a wolf population in algonquin provincial park, ontario. | we examined adaptive management (am), applied as a science with testable and falsifiable hypothesis, in the context of a large carnivore population, specifically to wolf (canis lupus lycaon) management in algonquin provincial park, ontario, canada. evidence of a population decline was based upon 12 years of data on 137 different radio-collared wolves. because human killing accounted for an average of 66% of deaths, and most killing occurred adjacent to the park, a management prescription of comp ... | 2006 | 16465565 |
| influence of cooling rates and addition of equex pasta on cooled and frozen-thawed semen of generic gray (canis lupus) and mexican gray wolves (c. l. baileyi). | a current priority for the preservation of the endangered mexican gray wolf (canis lupus baileyi) is the development of a sperm-based genome resource bank for subsequent use in artificial insemination. to optimize the quality of cryopreserved sperm, the procedures involved in processing semen before and during freezing need to be improved. the aim of this study were to examine the effects of: (i) different cooling periods before freezing and (ii) addition of equex pasta (minitüb, tübingen, germa ... | 2006 | 16472849 |
| geographic variation in body size: the effects of ambient temperature and precipitation. | latitudinal trends in body size have been explained as a response to temperature- or water-related factors, which are predictors of primary production. we used the first principal component calculated from three body parameters (weight, body length and the greatest length of the skull) of a sample of mammals from israel and sinai to determine those species that vary in size geographically, and whether such variation is related to annual rainfall, average minimum january temperature and average m ... | 2006 | 16525785 |
| a proposal for standardization in forensic canine dna typing: allele nomenclature of six canine-specific str loci. | in this study a proposal for the allele nomenclature of six polymorphic short tandem repeat (str) loci (pez3, pez6, pez8, pez10, fhc2161, and fhc2328) for canine genotyping (canis lupus familiaris) is presented. the nomenclature is based on the sequence data of the polymorphic region of the microsatellite markers as recommended by the dna commission of the international society of forensic haemogenetics (isfh) in 1994 for human dna typing. to cover commonly and rarely occurring alleles, a select ... | 2006 | 16566760 |
| assessment of prey vulnerability through analysis of wolf movements and kill sites. | within predator-prey systems behavior can heavily influence spatial dynamics, and accordingly, the theoretical study of how spatial dynamics relate to stability within these systems has a rich history. however, our understanding of these behaviors in large mammalian systems is poorly developed. to address the relationship between predator selection patterns, prey density, and prey vulnerability, we quantified selection patterns for two fine-scale behaviors of a recovering wolf (canis lupus) popu ... | 2006 | 16705979 |
| prey risk allocation in a grazing ecosystem. | understanding the behaviorally mediated indirect effects of predators in ecosystems requires knowledge of predator-prey behavioral interactions. in predator-ungulate-plant systems, empirical research quantifying how predators affect ungulate group sizes and distribution, in the context of other influential variables, is particularly needed. the risk allocation hypothesis proposes that prey behavioral responses to predation risk depend on background frequencies of exposure to risk, and it can be ... | 2006 | 16705980 |
| echinococcus granulosus (cestoda, taeniidae) in the iberian wolf. | the intestinal contents of 27 iberian wolves (canis lupus signatus) from spain were screened for the presence of the taenid cestode echinococcus granulosus. four animals were found positive (15% prevalence). the intensity of parasitation was variable (mean 71, range 1-147 e. granulosus per host). gravid individuals were found in all wolves positive with the parasite. molecular characterization of the parasite material showed that the wolf strain belongs to the g1 genotype. according to the resul ... | 2006 | 16752157 |
| foraging and feeding ecology of the gray wolf (canis lupus): lessons from yellowstone national park, wyoming, usa. | the foraging and feeding ecology of gray wolves is an essential component to understanding the role that top carnivores play in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems. in yellowstone national park (ynp), predation studies on a highly visible, reintroduced population of wolves are increasing our understanding of this aspect of wolf ecology. wolves in ynp feed primarily on elk, despite the presence of other ungulate species. patterns of prey selection and kill rates in winter ... | 2006 | 16772460 |
| the evolutionary basis for the feeding behavior of domestic dogs (canis familiaris) and cats (felis catus). | the dentition, sense of taste and meal patterning of domestic dogs and cats can be interpreted in terms of their descent from members of the order carnivora. the dog is typical of its genus, canis, in its relatively unspecialized dentition, and a taste system that is rather insensitive to salt. the preference of many dogs for large infrequent meals reflects the competitive feeding behavior of its pack-hunting ancestor, the wolf canis lupus. however, its long history of domestication, possibly 10 ... | 2006 | 16772461 |
| cross-continental differences in patterns of predation: will naive moose in scandinavia ever learn? | predation has been recognized as a major selective force in the evolution of behavioural characteristics of mammals. as a consequence of local predator extinction, prey may lose knowledge about natural predators but usually express behavioural adjustments after return of predators. human harvest may replace natural predation but prey selection may differ from that of natural predators leading to a change in the behavioural response of prey. we show that hunting success (hs) of re-colonizing wolv ... | 2006 | 16777732 |
| relaxation of selective constraint on dog mitochondrial dna following domestication. | the domestication of dogs caused a dramatic change in their way of life compared with that of their ancestor, the gray wolf. we hypothesize that this new life style changed the selective forces that acted upon the species, which in turn had an effect on the dog's genome. we sequenced the complete mitochondrial dna genome in 14 dogs, six wolves, and three coyotes. here we show that dogs have accumulated nonsynonymous changes in mitochondrial genes at a faster rate than wolves, leading to elevated ... | 2006 | 16809672 |
| helminthologic survey of the wolf (canis lupus) in estonia, with an emphasis on echinococcus granulosus. | carcasses of 26 wolves were collected during the 2000/2001 and 2003/2004 hunting seasons and examined for helminths. thirteen helminth species were recorded: one trematode (alaria alata), seven cestodes (diphyllobothrium latum, mesocestoides lineatus, taenia hydatigena, taenia multiceps, taenia ovis, taenia pisiformis, and echinococcus granulosus), and five nematode species (uncinaria stenocephala, toxascaris leonina, toxocara canis, trichinella nativa, and trichinella britovi). the most common ... | 2006 | 16870858 |
| prevalence of sarcocystis spp. in two subspecies of caribou (rangifer tarandus) in newfoundland and labrador, and foxes (vulpes vulpes), wolves (canis lupus), and husky dogs (canis familiaris) as potential definitive hosts. | a study was conducted to determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of sarcocystis spp. infecting 2 subspecies of caribou (rangifer tarandus) inhabiting newfoundland and labrador and its potential definitive hosts. muscle samples of caribou were obtained, primarily from hunters, and feces of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and wolves (canis lupus), from trappers, and husky dogs (canis familiaris), from owners. histological sections of muscle and flotation methods for feces were used for pa ... | 2006 | 16884021 |
| [helminths of wolves (canis lupus) from south mazurian lakeland, a coprological study]. | 52 wolf scats collected during winter 2001/2002 in puszcza piska and napiwodzko-ramuckic forests were examined using fulleborn's method. the overall helminth prevalence was 28.8%. six helminth species were recorded, the most frequent species were uncinaria stenocepmhala/ancylostoma caninmu (treated together; found in 6 samples), toxocara canis and trichuris vulpis (both identified in 4 samples). the mean intensity of egg expulsion was 2.0 eggs/g feces, the most intense infection was this with to ... | 2003 | 16889034 |
| detecting introgressive hybridization between free-ranging domestic dogs and wild wolves (canis lupus) by admixture linkage disequilibrium analysis. | occasional crossbreeding between free-ranging domestic dogs and wild wolves (canis lupus) has been detected in some european countries by mitochondrial dna sequencing and genotyping unlinked microsatellite loci. maternal and unlinked genomic markers, however, might underestimate the extent of introgressive hybridization, and their impacts on the preservation of wild wolf gene pools. in this study, we genotyped 220 presumed italian wolves, 85 dogs and 7 known hybrids at 16 microsatellites belongi ... | 2006 | 16911205 |
| quantity-based judgments in the domestic dog (canis lupus familiaris). | we examined the ability of domestic dogs to choose the larger versus smaller quantity of food in two experiments. in experiment 1, we investigated the ability of 29 dogs (results from 18 dogs were used in the data analysis) to discriminate between two quantities of food presented in eight different combinations. choices were simultaneously presented and visually available at the time of choice. overall, subjects chose the larger quantity more often than the smaller quantity, but they found numer ... | 2007 | 16941158 |
| the normative dimension and legal meaning of endangered and recovery in the u.s. endangered species act. | the ethical, legal, and social significance of the u.s. endangered species act of 1973 (esa) is widely appreciated. much of the significance of the act arises from the legal definitions that the act provides for the terms threatened species and endangered species. the meanings of these terms are important because they give legal meaning to the concept of a recovered species. unfortunately, the meanings of these terms are often misapprehended and rarely subjected to formal analysis. we analyzed t ... | 2006 | 17002756 |
| geographic pattern of serum antibody prevalence for brucella spp. in caribou, grizzly bears, and wolves from alaska, 1975-1998. | blood samples were collected from 2,635 caribou (rangifer tarandus), 1,238 grizzly bears (ursus arctos), and 930 wolves (canis lupus) from throughout mainland alaska during 1975-98. sera were tested for evidence of exposure to brucella spp. serum antibody prevalences were highest in the northwestern region of the state. in any specific area, antibody prevalences for caribou and wolves were of a similar magnitude, whereas antibody prevalence for bears in these same areas were two to three times h ... | 2006 | 17092888 |
| wolf reintroduction to scotland: public attitudes and consequences for red deer management. | reintroductions are important tools for the conservation of individual species, but recently more attention has been paid to the restoration of ecosystem function, and to the importance of carrying out a full risk assessment prior to any reintroduction programme. in much of the highlands of scotland, wolves (canis lupus) were eradicated by 1769, but there are currently proposals for them to be reintroduced. their main wild prey if reintroduced would be red deer (cervus elaphus). red deer are the ... | 2007 | 17264063 |
| terrestriality and tree stratum use in a group of sichuan snub-nosed monkeys. | morphological characters allow the sichuan snub-nosed monkey (rhinopithecus roxellana) to use multiple tree levels, but very few studies have quantified the terrestriality and tree stratum use of the species. i investigated the terrestriality and tree stratum use in a group of the monkeys from july 2003 to september 2004 (except february) in the qianjiaping area of shennongjia nature reserve, china. i collected data on the vertical position of individual monkeys in forest in relation to behavior ... | 2007 | 17265009 |
| multiscale wolf predation risk for elk: does migration reduce risk? | while migration is hypothesized to reduce predation risk for ungulates, there have been few direct empirical tests of this hypothesis. furthermore, few studies examined multiscale predation risk avoidance by migrant ungulates, yet recent research reveals that predator-prey interactions occur at multiple scales. we test the predation risk reduction hypothesis at two spatial scales in a partially migratory elk (cervus elaphus) population by comparing exposure of migrant and resident elk to wolf (c ... | 2007 | 17287955 |
| predation risk affects reproductive physiology and demography of elk. | elk (cervus elaphus) in the greater yellowstone ecosystem alter patterns of aggregation, habitat selection, vigilance, and foraging in the presence of wolves (canis lupus). antipredator behaviors like these can reduce predation risk but are also likely to carry costs. data from five elk populations studied for 16 site years showed that progesterone concentrations (from 1489 fecal samples) declined with the ratio of elk to wolves. in turn, progesterone concentrations were a good predictor of calf ... | 2007 | 17303746 |
| carnivore-caused livestock mortality in trans-himalaya. | the loss of livestock to wild predators is an important livelihood concern among trans-himalayan pastoralists. because of the remoteness and inaccessibility of the region, few studies have been carried out to quantify livestock depredation by wild predators. in the present study, we assessed the intensity of livestock depredation by snow leopard uncia uncia, tibetan wolf canis lupus chanku, and eurasian lynx lynx l. isabellina in three villages, namely gya, rumtse, and sasoma, within the propose ... | 2007 | 17318699 |
| myotonic dystrophy in two european grey wolves (canis lupus). | two related european grey wolves (canis lupus) with the history of muscle stiffness beginning at 2 weeks of age were examined in this study. muscle tone and muscle mass were increased in both animals. muscle stiffness was worsened by stress so that the animals fell into lateral recumbency. blood chemistry revealed mildly increased serum creatine kinase activity. abnormal potentials typical of myotonic discharges were recorded by electromyography. cataract, first-degree atrioventricular (av) bloc ... | 2007 | 17385559 |
| endangered wolves cloned from adult somatic cells. | over the world, canine species, including the gray wolf, have been gradually endangered or extinct. many efforts have been made to recover and conserve these canids. the aim of this study was to produce the endangered gray wolf with somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt) for conservation. adult ear fibroblasts from a female gray wolf (canis lupus) were isolated and cultured in vitro as donor cells. because of limitations in obtaining gray wolf matured oocytes, in vivo matured canine oocytes obtain ... | 2007 | 17386020 |
| from the apennines to the alps: colonization genetics of the naturally expanding italian wolf (canis lupus) population. | wolves in italy strongly declined in the past and were confined south of the alps since the turn of the last century, reduced in the 1970s to approximately 100 individuals surviving in two fragmented subpopulations in the central-southern apennines. the italian wolves are presently expanding in the apennines, and started to recolonize the western alps in italy, france and switzerland about 16 years ago. in this study, we used a population genetic approach to elucidate some aspects of the wolf re ... | 2007 | 17402981 |
| [wild and domestic animals as permanent trichinella reservoir in poland]. | [corrected] since owen first described trichinella as a human patogen in 1835, the number of organisms comprising this genus has grown dramatically. this etiological agent of human trichinellosis shows worldwide distribution in domestic and/or sylvatic animals. | 2006 | 17432240 |
| landscape heterogeneity shapes predation in a newly restored predator-prey system. | because some native ungulates have lived without top predators for generations, it has been uncertain whether runaway predation would occur when predators are newly restored to these systems. we show that landscape features and vegetation, which influence predator detection and capture of prey, shape large-scale patterns of predation in a newly restored predator-prey system. we analysed the spatial distribution of wolf (canis lupus) predation on elk (cervus elaphus) on the northern range of yell ... | 2007 | 17594424 |
| dla-drb1, dqa1, and dqb1 alleles and haplotypes in north american gray wolves. | the canine major histocompatibility complex contains highly polymorphic genes, many of which are critical in regulating immune response. since domestic dogs evolved from gray wolves (canis lupus), common dla class ii alleles should exist. sequencing was used to characterize 175 gray wolves for dla class ii alleles, and data from 1856 dogs, covering 85 different breeds of mostly european origin, were available for comparison. within wolves, 28 new alleles were identified, all occurring in at leas ... | 2007 | 17611255 |
| is your choice my choice? the owners' effect on pet dogs' (canis lupus familiaris) performance in a food choice task. | this study investigates the influence of owners on their dogs' performance in a food choice task using either different or equal quantities of food. fifty-four pet dogs were tested in three different conditions. in condition 1 we evaluated their ability to choose between a large and small amount of food (quantity discrimination task). in condition 2 dogs were again presented with a choice between the large and small food quantity, but only after having witnessed their owner favouring the small q ... | 2008 | 17641921 |
| prevalence of antibodies against canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus among foxes and wolves from spain. | viral diseases can influence the population dynamics of wild carnivores and can have effects on carnivore conservation. hence, a serologic survey was conducted in an opportunistic sample of 137 foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 37 wolves (canis lupus) in spain for 1997-2007 to detect antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv) and against canine parvovirus (cpv) by indirect elisa. antibodies against cdv were detected in 18.7% of the analyzed animals and antibodies against cpv in 17.2%. there was no ... | 2008 | 17646060 |
| carnivore repatriation and holarctic prey: narrowing the deficit in ecological effectiveness. | the continuing global decline of large carnivores has catalyzed great interest in reintroduction to restore populations and to reestablish ecologically functional relationships. i used variation in the distribution of four holarctic prey species and their behavior as proxies to investigate the pace and intensity by which responses are lost or reinvigorated by carnivore repatriation. by simulating the presence of wolves (canis lupus), tigers (panthera tigris), and brown bears (ursus arctos) at 19 ... | 2007 | 17650259 |
| stable isotopes, ecological integration and environmental change: wolves record atmospheric carbon isotope trend better than tree rings. | large-scale patterns of isotope ratios are detectable in the tissues of organisms, but the variability in these patterns often obscures detection of environmental trends. we show that plants and animals at lower trophic levels are relatively poor indicators of the temporal trend in atmospheric carbon isotope ratios (delta13c) when compared with animals at higher trophic levels. first, we tested how differences in atmospheric delta13c values were transferred across three trophic levels. second, w ... | 2007 | 17686730 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild carnivores from spain. | serum samples from 282 wild carnivores from different regions of spain were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test using a cut-off value of 1:25. antibodies to t. gondii were found in 22 of 27 (81.5%) of iberian lynx (lynx pardinus), 3 of 6 european wildcats (felis silvestris), 66 of 102 (64.7%) red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 15 of 32 (46.9%) wolves (canis lupus), 26 of 37 (70.3%) eurasian badgers (meles meles), 17 of 20 (85.0%) stone martens (martes foina), 4 ... | 2007 | 17689869 |
| first report of thelazia callipaeda (spirurida, thelaziidae) in wolves in italy. | thelazia callipaeda (spirurida, thelaziidae) infects the eyes of humans and rabbits as well of domestic and wild carnivores (i.e., dogs, cats, and foxes). the first three cases of infection by t. callipaeda eyeworms in wolves (canis lupus) are here described with up to 96 nematodes collected from a single animal. the host competence of wolf was demonstrated by the retrieval of adult worms in the eyes of all examined animals. all nematodes collected were evaluated by morphologic and molecular tec ... | 2007 | 17699090 |
| presence of antibotulinum neurotoxin antibodies in selected wild canids in israel. | serum samples from 35 golden jackals (canis aureus syriacus), eight wolves (canis lupus), and four red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from various regions of israel were collected during the years 2001-04 and tested for antibodies to clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (bont) types c and d. antibodies against bont types c and d were detected in 10 (29%) and in 3 (9%) of 35 golden jackals, respectively, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. this report describes detection of anti bont antibodies in wild c ... | 2007 | 17699099 |
| hair analysis in sled dogs (canis lupus familiaris) illustrates a linkage of mercury exposure along the yukon river with human subsistence food systems. | the dog has been an important biomedical research model and hair samples from sled dogs could be used as a biomarker of exposure to metals. hair samples were used as a non-invasive indicator of mercury exposure in sled dogs fed commercial food and traditional village diets. sled dog populations living in rural new york and alaska were sampled in 2005 and 2006. total mercury (thg) content was determined on the entire hair sample in sled dogs from reference sites in north creek, new york and salch ... | 2007 | 17707466 |
| differentiation of tundra/taiga and boreal coniferous forest wolves: genetics, coat colour and association with migratory caribou. | the grey wolf has one of the largest historic distributions of any terrestrial mammal and can disperse over great distances across imposing topographic barriers. as a result, geographical distance and physical obstacles to dispersal may not be consequential factors in the evolutionary divergence of wolf populations. however, recent studies suggest ecological features can constrain gene flow. we tested whether wolf-prey associations in uninterrupted tundra and forested regions of canada explained ... | 2007 | 17725575 |
| willow on yellowstone's northern range: evidence for a trophic cascade? | reintroduction of wolves (canis lupus) to yellowstone national park in 1995-1996 has been argued to promote a trophic cascade by altering elk (cervus elaphus) density, habitat-selection patterns, and behavior that, in turn, could lead to changes within the plant communities used by elk. we sampled two species of willow (salix boothii and s. geyeriana) on the northern winter range to determine whether (1) there was quantitative evidence of increased willow growth following wolf reintroduction, (2 ... | 2007 | 17913123 |
| hydrologic regime and herbivory stabilize an alternative state in yellowstone national park. | a decline in the stature and abundance of willows during the 20th century occurred throughout the northern range of yellowstone national park, where riparian woody-plant communities are key components in multiple-trophic-level interactions. the potential causes of willow decline include climate change, increased elk browsing coincident with the loss of an apex predator, the gray wolf, and an absence of habitat engineering by beavers. the goal of this study was to determine the spatial and tempor ... | 2007 | 17913124 |
| elk browsing increases aboveground growth of water-stressed willows by modifying plant architecture. | in the northern elk wintering range of yellowstone national park, usa, wolf (canis lupus) removal allowed elk (cervus elaphus) to overbrowse riparian woody plants, leading to the exclusion of beaver (castor canadensis) and a subsequent water table decline in many small stream valleys. reduced elk browsing following wolf reintroduction may or may not facilitate willow (salix sp.) recovery in these areas. to determine if the effect of elk browsing on willow interacts with that of beaver abandonmen ... | 2007 | 17934763 |
| onchocercosis: a newly recognized disease in dogs. | in the past 15 years, onchocercosis has been reported with increasing frequency in dogs in europe and the united states, and 64 cases have been described so far. according to some authors, the onchocerca sp. responsible for canine cases spills over from domestic or wild ungulates into dogs. however, canine onchocerca does not match any of the descriptions for species of onchocerca reported from domesticated and wild animals in europe or north america. the nucleotide sequences of canine onchocerc ... | 2008 | 17951007 |
| locomotor function of forelimb protractor and retractor muscles of dogs: evidence of strut-like behavior at the shoulder. | the limbs of running mammals are thought to function as inverted struts. when mammals run at constant speed, the ground reaction force vector appears to be directed near the point of rotation of the limb on the body such that there is little or no moment at the joint. if this is true, little or no external work is done at the proximal joints during constant-speed running. this possibility has important implications to the energetics of running and to the coupling of lung ventilation to the locom ... | 2008 | 18083743 |
| systematic conservation planning and the cost of tackling conservation conflicts with large carnivores in italy. | conservation in europe (including the establishment of protected areas) is undertaken mainly through legislation and on densely populated private land. consequently, conflicts of interest arise between human economic activities and biodiversity conservation. we used a systematic approach to conservation planning to explore different conservation scenarios for the apennine populations of wolves (canis lupus) and bears (ursus arctos marsicanus) in italy. the conservation measures we considered wer ... | 2007 | 18173469 |
| detecting hybridization between wild species and their domesticated relatives. | the widespread occurrence of free-ranging domestic or feral carnivores (dogs, cats) or ungulates (pigs, goats), and massive releases of captive-reproduced game stocks (galliforms, waterfowl) is raising fear that introgressive hybridization with wild populations might disrupt local adaptations, leading to population decline and loss of biodiversity. detecting introgression through hybridization is problematic if the parental populations cannot be sampled (unlike in classical stable hybrid zones), ... | 2008 | 18173502 |
| comprehension of human pointing gestures in young human-reared wolves (canis lupus) and dogs (canis familiaris). | dogs have a remarkable skill to use human-given cues in object-choice tasks, but little is known to what extent their closest wild-living relative, the wolf can achieve this performance. in study 1, we compared wolf and dog pups hand-reared individually and pet dogs of the same age in their readiness to form eye-contact with a human experimenter in an object-choice task and to follow her pointing gesture. the results showed that dogs already at 4 months of age use momentary distal pointing to fi ... | 2008 | 18183437 |
| distribution of cryptosporidium and giardia spp. in selected species of protected and game mammals from north-eastern poland. | cryptosporidium spp. and giardia spp. are wide-spread pathogens of humans and many species of mammals. the ways of transmission are very complex and difficult to define. both parasites occur in similar environments and share a broad host range. however, in poland there is still little known about the epidemiology of these parasites due to the paucity of data on human cases and only few studies in wildlife. the aim of our study was to determine the distribution of two intestinal protozoa in a few ... | 2007 | 18247463 |
| helminth infections in faecal samples of wolves canis lupus l. from the western beskidy mountains in southern poland. | eighty-nine samples of grey wolf (canis lupus l.) faeces were collected between 2002 and 2004 from two areas in the western beskidy mts (south poland). helminth eggs were observed in 56.2% of faeces examined. these included: alaria alata (2.2%), taeniid eggs (11.2%), toxocara canis (5.6%), toxascaris leonina (1.1%), eucoleus aerophilus (14.6%), ancylostoma caninum (12.3%), uncinaria stenocephala (37%) and unidentified roundworm eggs of the family strongyloididae (1.1%). eucoleus aerophilus is re ... | 2007 | 18251025 |
| a case of visceral leishmaniosis in a gray wolf (canis lupus) from croatia. | the southern habitats of croatia's gray wolf (canis lupus) population are found in central and southern parts of dalmatia. this region is recognized as an endemic region for canine visceral leishmaniosis, caused by leishmania infantum. in november 2003, a 4-yr-old male gray wolf was found dead in the northwestern border of this endemic region. pathologic and parasitologic analysis, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, indicated that lesions associated with infection by leishmania infantum are ... | 2008 | 18436678 |
| the scale-dependent impact of wolf predation risk on resource selection by three sympatric ungulates. | resource selection is a fundamental ecological process impacting population dynamics and ecosystem structure. understanding which factors drive selection is vital for effective species- and landscape-level management. we used resource selection probability functions (rspfs) to study the influence of two forms of wolf (canis lupus) predation risk, snow conditions and habitat variables on white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), elk (cervus elaphus) and moose (alces alces) resource selection in ... | 2008 | 18481095 |
| effects of gape and tooth position on bite force and skull stress in the dingo (canis lupus dingo) using a 3-dimensional finite element approach. | models of the mammalian jaw have predicted that bite force is intimately linked to jaw gape and to tooth position. despite widespread use, few empirical studies have provided evidence to validate these models in non-human mammals and none have considered the influence of gape angle on the distribution of stress. here using a multi-property finite element (fe) model of canis lupus dingo, we examined the influence of gape angle and bite point on both bite force and cranial stress. bite force data ... | 2008 | 18493603 |
| chromosomal assignment of canine thada gene to cfa 10q25. | abstract: | 2008 | 18522714 |
| cloning endangered gray wolves (canis lupus) from somatic cells collected postmortem. | the objective of the present study was to investigate whether nuclear transfer of postmortem wolf somatic cells into enucleated dog oocytes, is a feasible method to produce a cloned wolf. in vivo-matured oocytes (from domestic dogs) were enucleated and fused with somatic cells derived from culture of tissue obtained from a male gray wolf 6h after death. the reconstructed embryos were activated and transferred into the oviducts of naturally synchronous domestic bitches. overall, 372 reconstructed ... | 2008 | 18534672 |
| sarcoptic mange in iberian wolves (canis lupus signatus) in northern spain. | | 2008 | 18540036 |
| neospora caninum antibodies in wild carnivores from spain. | serum samples from 251 wild carnivores from different regions of spain were tested for antibodies to neospora caninum by the commercial competitive screening enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa) and confirmed by neospora agglutination test (nat) and/or by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). samples with antibodies detected by at least two serological tests were considered seropositive. antibodies to n. caninum were found in 3.2% of 95 red foxes (vulpes vulpes); in 21.4% of 28 wolve ... | 2008 | 18556128 |
| origin and phylogenetic analysis of tibetan mastiff based on the mitochondrial dna sequence. | at present, the tibetan mastiff is the oldest and most ferocious dog in the world. however, the origin of the tibetan mastiff and its phylogenetic relationship with other large breed dogs such as saint bernard are unclear. in this study, the primers were designed according to the mitochondrial genome sequence of the domestic dog, and the 2,525 bp mitochondrial sequence, containing the whole sequence of cytochrome b, trna-thr, trna-pro, and control region of the tibetan mastiff, was obtained. usi ... | 2008 | 18571121 |
| characterization of widespread canine leishmaniasis among wild carnivores from spain. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is an emerging zoonotic parasitic disease caused by leishmania infantum in mediterranean countries, with sand flies (phlebotomus spp.) as vectors and dogs as the main domestic reservoir. the role of wild carnivores in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis is still controversial. in order to determine the prevalence of natural infection with l. infantum in wild carnivores from spain, we analyzed 217 samples by pcr and western blotting and used restriction fragment length p ... | 2008 | 18579311 |
| red fox and tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) in humans: can predators influence public health? | analysing datasets from hunting statistics and human cases of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), we found a positive correlation between the number of human tbe cases and the number of red fox (vulpes vulpes). time lags were also present, indicating that high numbers of red fox in 1 y translated into high numbers of human tbe cases the following y. results for smaller predators were mixed and inconsistent. hares and grouse showed negative correlations with human tbe cases, suggesting that they might ... | 2008 | 18584542 |
| diet shift of a facultative scavenger, the wolverine, following recolonization of wolves. | 1. wolves canis lupus l. recolonized the boreal forests in the southern part of the scandinavian peninsula during the late 1990s, but so far there has been little attention to its effect on ecosystem functioning. wolf predation increases the availability of carcasses of large prey, especially moose alces alces l., which may lead in turn to a diet switch in facultative scavengers such as the wolverine gulo gulo l. 2. using 459 wolverine scats collected during winter-spring 2001-04 for dna identit ... | 2008 | 18657209 |
| the legacy of domestication: accumulation of deleterious mutations in the dog genome. | dogs exhibit more phenotypic variation than any other mammal and are affected by a wide variety of genetic diseases. however, the origin and genetic basis of this variation is still poorly understood. we examined the effect of domestication on the dog genome by comparison with its wild ancestor, the gray wolf. we compared variation in dog and wolf genes using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) data. the d(n)/d(s) ratio (omega) was around 50% greater for snps found in dogs than in ... | 2008 | 18689870 |
| detection of leishmania infantum in captive wolves from southwestern europe. | the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of leishmania infantum infection in a wild reservoir host (canis lupus) throughout an endemic area for the disease (southern europe). for that reason, the serum and peripheral blood samples of 33 captive wolves from the european breeding of endangered species programme (eep) were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr). l. infantum was detected in three samples from central por ... | 2008 | 18823711 |
| artificial insemination in canids: a useful tool in breeding and conservation. | artificial insemination (ai) and semen freezing have become services available to dog owners worldwide, and the demand for services to freeze semen is increasing. in other canids such as the fox, the fur industry utilizes fresh or frozen semen to artificially inseminate vixens to produce pelts. clearly, ai facilitates the use of a male to sire several females by diluting the ejaculate, increases breeding hygiene, and allows crossing between species with slightly different breeding seasons. the a ... | 2009 | 18947865 |
| demographic effects of canine parvovirus on a free-ranging wolf population over 30 years. | we followed the course of canine parvovirus (cpv) antibody prevalence in a subpopulation of wolves (canis lupus) in northeastern minnesota from 1973, when antibodies were first detected, through 2004. annual early pup survival was reduced by 70%, and wolf population change was related to cpv antibody prevalence. in the greater minnesota population of 3,000 wolves, pup survival was reduced by 40-60%. this reduction limited the minnesota wolf population rate of increase to about 4% per year compar ... | 2008 | 18957638 |
| molecular cloning and expression characterization of apoc-i in the orange-spotted grouper. | endogenous yolk nutrients are crucial for embryo and larval development in fish, but developmental behavior of the genes that control yolk utilization remains unknown. apolipoproteins have been shown to play important roles in lipid transport and uptake through the circulation system. in this study, ecapoc-i, the first cloned apoc-i in teleosts, has been screened from pituitary cdna library of female orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides), and the deduced amino acid sequence shows 43.5% i ... | 2008 | 18958591 |
| the case of babesiosis in farmed wolf (canis lupus l). | there was recognised the case of canine babesiosis in farmed wolf (canis lupus) in białowieza, northeastern poland. the typical symptoms were observed in animal--depression, asitia, and haematocyturia. the treatment with antibiotics gave positive results. it was the first observation of babesiosis in wolf in poland. | 2008 | 19055068 |
| trichinellosis in wolves from croatia. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of trichinella infection in wolves (canis lupus) in a 17,468 km(2) area in croatia. muscle samples were collected from 67 wolves between 1996 and 2007 and analyzed by artificial digestion. muscle larvae were detected in 21 wolves (31%) and genotyped by multiplex pcr. trichinella britovi was the predominant species confirmed in 90% (19 wolves) while trichinella spiralis was detected in 9% (2 wolves). the presence of the so called "dom ... | 2009 | 19081193 |