| studies on human hepatitis a virus in chimpanzees. | | 1977 | 199227 |
| detection of hepatitis a antigen by immunofluorescence. | hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) was demonstrated by immunofluorescence (if) in liver biopsies from chimpanzees with experimental hepatitis a virus infection. blocking experiments with paired sera from patients with hepatitis types a, b, or non-a, non-b, as well as with purified ha ag, showed that the fluorescence was specific for ha ag. ha ag could be demonstrated only in biopsies from chimpanzees inoculated with hepatitis a virus. in two of four chimpanzees biopsied weekly, ha ag could be detected ... | 1977 | 200565 |
| nonhuman primates: laboratory animals of choice for neurophysiologic studies of sleep. | a systematic study was made of several nonhuman primates to learn more about their relative usefulness for studies of sleep. species studied included the guinea baboon (papio papio), kenya or yellow baboon (p cynocephalus), olive baboon (p anubis), sacred baboon (p hamadryas), vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops), rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta), bonnet monkey (m radiata), crab-eating monkey (m fascicularis), patas monkey (erythrocebus patas), chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), mongoose lemur (lemur ... | 1977 | 201798 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of hepatitis a antigen in stool and antibody to hepatitis a antigen in sera: comparison with solid-phase radioimmunoassay, immune electron microscopy, and immune adherence hemagglutination assay. | previously described techniques for detection of hepatitis a antigen (ha ag) and antibody (anti-ha) have required purified ha ag and expensive equipment. herein is described an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for specific detection of ha ag in human stool filtrates and of anti-ha in sera by using selected ha ag-containing human stool filtrates as the antigen source. because human stools often react nonspecifically in serological tests for ha ag, blocking with preexposure and hyperimmun ... | 1978 | 204663 |
| multiple buoyant densities of hepatitis a virus in cesium chloride gradients. | hepatitis a virus (hav) recovered from stools of human cases of hepatitis a and from stools of chimpanzees experimentally infected with hav was shown to possess multiple buoyant densities in cscl gradients. the greatest proportion of hav was most frequently found at a buoyant density of 1.32-1.34 g/cm3, however, large proportions of hav were also frequently found at higher densities, including 1.36-1.37, 1.40-1.42, and 1.45-1.48 g/cm3. these findings are consistent with the notion that hav may b ... | 1977 | 204743 |
| cyclic excretion of hepatitis a virus in experimentally infected chimpanzees: biophysical characterization of the associated hav particles. | experimental infection of two chimpanzees with the phoenix antigen strain of hav resulted in the cyclic excretion of virus particles on days 9-11, 14-15, and 20-21 postinoculation. isopycnic banding in cscl of stool suspensions prepared from 9-11; 14-15; and 17, 19, 21 dav stool pools revealed multiple buoyant densities for the associated hav particles. hollow hav particles found in the 9-11 day pool banded primarily at a buoyant density of 1.30 g/cm3. hav in the 14-15 day stool banded bimodally ... | 1977 | 205631 |
| experimental infection of marmosets with hepatitis a virus. | saguinus mystax marmosets were experimentally infected with two strains of human hepatitis a virus. one of these strains of hav was successfully subpassaged in this species of marmosets. in another experiment, the 1.32 and 1.41 g/cm3 buoyant density species of hav derived from an infected chimpanzee stool were shown to be infectious in three species of marmosets. the value of the marmoset as an experimental model for hepatitis a infection was demonstrated by these studies. | 1978 | 205859 |
| human foamy virus: further characterization, seroepidemiology, and relationship to chimpanzee foamy viruses. | a foamy virus present in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue was studied for a number of biological properties, including range of cellular susceptibility, growth curve, evolution of cytopathic effect in relation to cellular fusion and intracellular viral distribution, reverse transcriptase activity, and buoyant density. the virus was also studied immunologically and found to be closely related to the chimpanzee foamy viruses, particularly simian foamy virus type 6, with which it shares common ... | 1978 | 206631 |
| characterization and classification of virus particles associated with hepatitis a. i. size, density, and sedimentation. | virus-like particles were purified from stools of patients in an epidemic of hepatitis a in germany. when reference ms-1 chimpanzee pre-inoculation and convalescent sera were used, the close serological relationship of the purified particles to well-known isolates of hepatitis a could be established. on the other hand, the physicochemical characteristics of the particles were determined in parallel to the characteristics of a marker parvovirus (luiii) and a marker picornavirus (poliovirus type 2 ... | 1978 | 206730 |
| antibodies in urine of chimpanzees with chronic adenoviral viruria. | many chimpanzees have naturally occurring chronic intermittent viruria with an adenovirus of a new type called pan 11. small amounts of neutralizing antibodies to pan 11 adenovirus were found in the urine of chimpanzees. urinary antibodies to adenovirus were mainly of the immunoglobulin g (igg) class with some iga antibodies also present. there was no neutralizing activity in urine against another adenovirus, pan 9, which has been isolated from lymph nodes, but not from urine, of chimpanzees; ho ... | 1978 | 211084 |
| immunofluorescence of hepatitis a virus antigen in chimpanzees. | chimpanzee liver biopsies and necropsy tissues were examined by immunofluorescence for hepatitis a virus antigen. results further indicate that the liver may be the sole site of replication for the virus. | 1978 | 211088 |
| persistent shedding of adenovirus in urine of chimpanzees. | a new adenovirus, designated pan 11, was isolated repeatedly from the urine of several chimpanzees for more than 1 year. one chimpanzee had chronic interstitial nephritis; the others were healthy. most chimpanzees tested had neutralizing antibodies to pan 11 virus in the serum; three people who worked with chimpanzees also acquired antibodies. transplantable rhabdomyosarcomas developed in hamsters inoculated as newborns with pan 11 virus. | 1978 | 213382 |
| coxsackievirus in an infant chimpanzee. | coxsackie b viruses may cause a severe, often fatal, illness in newborn and infant human subjects. as recorded in this case, infant chimpanzees respond similarly to coxsackie b-5 virus. | 1978 | 213604 |
| varicella-zoster virus immunizes patas monkeys against simian varicella-like disease. | to define further the antigenic relationship between human varicella-zoster virus and herpesviruses which produce varicella-like disease in certain simian species, patas monkeys were inoculated with varicella-zoster virus and then challenged with delta herpesvirus, which uniformly produces severe, clinically apparent disease in susceptible animals. protection against delta herpesvirus was conferred both by hyperimmunization with varicella-zoster virus and by a single immunization with a cell-fre ... | 1979 | 215708 |
| viral type a and type b hepatitis: morphology, biology, immunology and epidemiology--a review. | viral hepatitis is one of the most serious infectious diseases in the united states and is of great concern to the public health agencies, hospitals and research laboratories. progress in our knowledge of this disease has been based on cooperation between specialists in many diverse scientific disciplines employing sophisticated scientific instruments and technics. close cooperation between clinical pathologists and clinicians is of great importance in diagnosis. biologic, immunologic, epidemiol ... | 1976 | 218439 |
| isolation and characterization of hepatitis a virus. | this paper presents current isolation technics of hepatitis a virus (hav) from human and chimpanzee stool, liver, and bile specimens, as well as comparative characterizations of hav buoyant density properties of human and chimpanzee stool-derived particles. in addition, methods designed for the extraction and purification of hav from large samples of stool and liver tissues, including agar gel filtration, are discussed in detail. | 1976 | 218442 |
| reproductive function in aged female chimpanzees. | reproductive function was evaluated in ten female chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) aged 35-48 years. forty-eight years is the longevity record for the chimpanzee. data on cycle frequency and duration was available for seven animals. most were cycling regularly until death, and all had experienced at least one menstrual cycle within one year of death. after exclusion of periods when the animals were pregnant or in postpartum amenorrhea, the mean cycle frequency (+/- standard error)/year was 9.54 +/- ... | 1979 | 218459 |
| lymphocyte activation by the tumor-promoting agent 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa). | tpa, a highly active tumor-promoting agent, is an effective mitogen for primate peripheral blood lymphocytes. optimal stimulation of human lymphocytes was obtained 4 days after the addition of tpa at a concentration of 7.5 ng/ml. lymphocyte fractionation experiments demonstrated that both t and b cells incorporated 3h-thymidine significantly in response to tpa. lymphocyte blastogenesis was not due to the reactivation of latent herpesviruses by the tumor promoter, since similar responses to tpa w ... | 1979 | 221578 |
| simultaneous acute infections with hepatitis a and hepatitis b viruses in a chimpanzee. | the unexpected occurrence of a hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in a chimpanzee experimentally inoculated with hepatitis a virus (hav) provided an opportunity to examine the course of simultaneous acute infections with both agents. a chimpanzee inoculated intravenously with hav developed elevated levels of aminotransferases in serum, detectable excretion of hepatitis a antigen in feces, and a marked antibody response to hav. during the acute phase of this experimentally induced infection with h ... | 1979 | 221596 |
| cytomegalovirus isolation from a chimpanzee with acute demyelinating disease after inoculation of multiple sclerosis brain cells. | a strain of cytomegalovirus (cmv) was isolated during the third subcultivation of explants from the left frontal lobe of a chimpanzee that developed paralysis more than 3 years after intracerebral inoculation at birth with brain cell cultures derived from a patient with multiple sclerosis. another strain of cmv was also isolated from a lymph node culture taken from the same chimp. the isolates, designated mzm-13 and mzm-14, produced a cytopathic effect characteristic for cmv when inoculated into ... | 1979 | 227786 |
| a new endogenous primate type c virus isolated from the old world monkey colobus polykomos. | a new, genetically transmitted retrovirus has been isolated from the old world monkey colobus polykomos. this virus, designated cpc-1, is readily transmitted to both feline and human cells in culture. nucleic acid hybridization studies reveal that there are 50-70 copies of the cpc-1 genome in colobus cellular dna. related virogene sequences can be detected in the dna of all other old world monkeys, as well as in the dna of at least one ape species, the chimpanzee, indicating that this virus has ... | 1979 | 228275 |
| antibody and cell-mediated immunity to a dna free herpes simplex subunit vaccine. | the immunogenicity of a dna free herpes simplex subunit vaccine was evaluated in chimpanzees and rabbits. the results clearly demonstrate that 1 injection of 3 micrograms/kg elicited antibodies as well as cell-mediated immunity in all the animals studied. these antibodies persisted for at least 6 months. furthermore the vaccine also protected 50% of the animals against an experimental infection and reduced the rate of latent infection in nervous sensory ganglia. | 1979 | 230114 |
| lack of susceptibility of marmosets to human non-a, non-b hepatitis. | infectious sera from three humans with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis, whose blood or serum had transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis both to other humans and to experimentally inoculated chimpanzees, were inoculated into five marmosets. a sixth uninoculated marmoset served as a control. no elevations in levels of serum alanine aminotransferase or isocitric dehydrogenase occurred in serum samples obtained weekly from any of the marmosets during three months following inoculation. this study indicat ... | 1979 | 231072 |
| controlled synthesis of hbsag in a differentiated human liver carcinoma-derived cell line. | a significant aspect of primary hepatic carcinoma in man is the high positive correlation of hepatocellular carcinoma with infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv)1. analysis of the relationship between hbv infection and oncogenesis is difficult because natural infection with hbv is limited to man and experimental infection has been achieved only in chimpanzees and gibbons. furthermore, because hbv has not been successfully propagated in cell culture, basic study of virus-cell interaction of the a ... | 1979 | 233137 |
| different phenotypes of the group-specific component (gc) in chimpanzees. | the group-specific component (gc) was examined in a sample of 78 chimpanzees (pan troglodytes). with isoelectric focusing followed by immunofixation, two different phenotypes are observed. they both differ from the gc types observed in man. two alleles are postulated, one coding for a double-band component, the other coding for a single-band component. neuraminidase experiments indicate the presence of sialic acid in the anodal component of the double-band pattern. | 1979 | 292622 |
| [assignment of alpha-fuc to1p in man and the chimpanzee and to chromosome 4 in the african green monkey]. | analysis of cellular hybrids confirms the assignment of alpha-l-fucosidase (alpha-fuc) to 1p in man. discordant results are in favour of the following gene order: 1pter (eno-1, alpha-fuc,ak2) pgm1 centromere pep-c but give no information on the relative positions of eno-1,alpha-fuc, and ak2. the assignments of alpha-fuc to chromosome 1 in the chimpanzee and to chromosome 4 in the african green monkey are demonstrated (chromosome nomenclature by finaz et al, 1976). these results confirm the homol ... | 1978 | 308341 |
| evaluation of a finger prick blood collection method for the seroepidemiology of hepatitis b. | a finger prick-swab method of blood specimen collection was qualitatively and quantitatively compared with the conventional venipuncture method for hbsag and anti-hbs determinations by radioimmunoassay (ria). the new method consisted of pricking the finger, collecting 0.1-0.2 ml of blood with a cotton-wool swab, and eluting the swab in 1 ml of 1% bovine albumin in saline containing 0.1% sodium azide. using chimpanzees seropositive for hbsag or anti-hbs, comparisons were made of ria results of: ( ... | 1978 | 310721 |
| experimental smallpox in chimpanzees. | in an attempt to prepare highly specific antiserum to variola virus, a chimpanzee was inoculated with a virulent human strain of this virus. three uninoculated chimpanzees were housed in the same room; two of these developed clinical disease with seroconversion, while the third developed no evidence of infection and no antibody. the three animals that became ill also developed antibody to vaccinia and monkeypox viruses. human contacts during the study and following a break in containment showed ... | 1979 | 316740 |
| immunodiagnosis of melanoma using chimpanzee antihuman melanoma antiserum. | three cases of metastatic malignant lesions are presented. by conventional pathologic examination these lesions were diagnosed as undifferentiated carcinomas. they were studied using a chimpanzee antiserum specific for human melanoma-associated antigens. in each case, cells from the tumor were reactive with the anti-melanoma antiserum. the tumors were also studied using the dopa test. all three tumors were positive in the dopa test, suggesting the presence of tyrosinase within the tumor cells. t ... | 1977 | 326027 |
| detection of hepatitis b surface antigen in potentially contaminated human plasma and plasma fractions. | a new method is described for the quantitative detection of hbsag in whole human plasma and in plasma fractions. the nonantigen proteins are digested with pepsin at low ph, and the antigen is precipitated with peg. with use of only 20 ml of contaminated plasma, as few as 5.0 x 10(6) hbsag particles/ml can be detected--a 40-fold increase in the apparent level of sensitivity of the ausria ii ria (2.0 x 10(8) particles/ml). with 500 500 ml or more of plasma or plasma fractions, fewer than 5.0 x 10( ... | 1977 | 336817 |
| ultrastructure and viability of cryopreserved plasmodium falciparum. | cryopreserved chimpanzee erythrocytes infected with plasmodium falciparum were examined by electron microscopy directly and after a period of culture. light microscopic observations on the viability of cryopreserved parasites in culture were also made. parasitaemia data from a chimpanzee infected with parasites cryostored for more than 2(1/2) years are presented. varying degrees of damage were apparent as the parasites were examined in vitro, for viability, and by electron microscopy. schizonts ... | 1977 | 338185 |
| leprosy in a chimpanzee. morphology of the skin lesions and characterization of the organism. | microscopic features of lepromatoid lesions in a chimpanzee inoculated with bovine leukemia virus consisted of diffuse dermal infiltrations of foamy histiocytes, except for a subepidermal "clear zone" devoid of infiltrating cells. acid-fast organisms were in histiocytes, dermal nerves and a branch of the left radial nerve. the organisms were more intensely acid-fast with the fite-faraco than with the ziehl-neelsen stain. the organisms did not oxidize 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) to indole b ... | 1978 | 356407 |
| [chimpanzee as a pet: cause of a shigella infection]. | | 1979 | 372831 |
| [myoclonus in alzheimer's disease. 2 anatomoclinical cases]. | a few autopsy proved cases of alzheimer's disease with myoclonus have been hitherto reported. we think that myoclonus is a frequent clinical feature in advanced cases of alzheimer's disease. our second case is such an example with a chronic evolution. in cases like our first one, with a short history, myoclonus, and atypical, diphasic, periodic complexes in the eeg, clinical differential diagnosis with creutzfeldt-jakob disease can be very difficult. alzheimer disease has been considered an unit ... | 1979 | 394558 |
| [vaccination against hepatitis b in man]. | the preparation of a vaccine against hepatitis b is described. the vaccine is prepared from the hb viral coat (hbs ag) purified and formalin inactivated. the hbs ag is isolated and purified from the blood of healthy hbs ag positive donors by means of an immunoadsorbent technique. the inocuity and efficacy were tested on chimpanzees. vaccination was then applied in an attempt to protect patients and ward staff in a high risk haemodialysis unit. the efficacy of the vaccine was assessed by humoral ... | 1977 | 401985 |
| chimpanzee livers after infection with human hepatitis viruses a and b: ultrastructural studies. | electron microscopical studies were carried out on coded liver biopsy specimens from chimpanzees inoculated with human hepatitis a or b virus. hepatitis b was recognized by the presence of hepatitis b core particles in hepatocellular nuclei. hepatitis a was characterized by unidentified large, dense, and more irregular heterochromatin-like particles in hepatocellular nuclei coincidental with peak aminotransferase activities. as type a hepatitis illness became manifest in the chimpanzees, mitocho ... | 1977 | 402899 |
| comparative physical and immunological aspects of the chimpanzee and guinea-pig subcutaneous chamber models of neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. | physical and immunological characteristics of the chimpanzee and guinea-pig subcutaneous chamber models for neisseria gonorrhoeae infection were compared to evaluate their usefulness for gonococcal research. urethral infection in chimpanzees anatomically resembled the human infection; however, individual variation in response, limited availability, and the presence of interfering micro-organisms in the urethra were found to limit the usefulness of the chimpanzee in immunological research. althou ... | 1977 | 403994 |
| absence of self-recognition in a monkey (macaca fascicularis) following prolonged exposure to a mirror. | to date only chimpanzees, orangutans, and humans have been found capable of recognizing themselves in mirrors. in an attempt to provide a more definitive test of the capacity for self-recognition in monkeys. i gave a preadolescent crab-eating macaque 2400 hr of mirror exposure. however, patterns of self-directed behavior never developed and a more explicit test of self-recognition yielded negative results. the data indicate possible differences between great apes and monkeys in self-awareness. | 1977 | 405264 |
| immunity to gonococcal infection induced by vaccination with isolated outer membranes of neisseria gonorrhoeae in guinea pigs. | purified outer membranes from neisseria gonorrhoeae strain m or b were prepared. gonococcal outer membranes were pure as evidenced by banding insucrose gradients at a density of 1.23 g/cm3, simple protein composition patterns when analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, low succinic dehydrogenase levels, and few precipitin peaks obtained in two-dimensional immuno-electrophoresis against hyperimmune serum to gonococcal sonicates. isolated outer membranes administere ... | 1977 | 405431 |
| effect of toloxatone on behaviour of primates. | 1. the effects of (3-methyl)-3-phenyl-5-hydroxy-methyl-2-oxazolidinone (toloxatone) were studied on the behaviour of three species of primates: baboon, rhesus monkeys and chimpanzee. 2. the activity against reserpine-induced depression is observed in baboon as in rodents. 2. the administration of toloxatone induces three effects which probably have the same origin: suppression of feeding inhibition of the subordinate baboon, improvement of escape reaction in the conditioned chimpanzee, increase ... | 1977 | 409416 |
| virulence and immunogenicity of a temperature-sensitive dengue-2 virus in lower primates. | clones of dengue-2 virus were tested for virulence by inoculation of rhesus monkeys and chimpanzees. although primates showed no overt signs of illness, inoculation with the parent virus or a subline of a large-plaque clone resulted in a viremia lasting 1 to 7 days. by these criteria, sublines of a small-plaque clone were significantly less virulent and produced little or no viremia in primate hosts. although they had a substantially reduced viremia, primates inoculated with the small-plaque sub ... | 1977 | 409682 |
| biologic and antigenic characteristics of epstein-barr virus-related herpesviruses of chimpanzees and baboons. | leukocyte-transforming agents were isolated in baboon leukocytes inoculated with oral excretions from immunosuppressed chimpanzees. the transformed lymphoblasts had b cell surface markers and harbored herpes-type virus particles; 5-10% of the cells contained cytoplasmic antigens reactive with epstein-barr virus (ebv)-antibody-positive chimpanzee, human and baboon sera. these sera also neutralized the transforming activity of the chimpanzee virus. long-term lymphoid cell lines were established fr ... | 1977 | 409690 |
| biotransformation of diethylstilbestrol in the rhesus monkey and the chimpanzee. | diethylstilbestrol (des) is considered a teratogen and a transplacental carcinogen in humans. in order to compare its biotransformation in nonhuman primates to that in humans, a metabolic study was carried out in rhesus monkeys and chimpanzees. after an oral dose of 1 mg/kg [14c]des, approximately 59% of the ingested radioactivity was found in the urine and 28% in the feces of two female rhesus monkeys after 4 days, while in male rhesus monkeys urinary radioactivity accounted for 43% and fecal r ... | 1977 | 411947 |
| rh antibodies produced by an isoimmunized chimpanzee; reciprocal relationship between chimpanzee simian-type isoimmune sera and human anti-rho reagents. | an isoimmune chimpanzee serum was found to contain, in addition to expected antibodies of the simian-type specificity anti-lc, a fraction of anti-rho specificity, as proved by parallel tests with standard human anti-rho sera as well as by absorption experiments using human and chimpanzee red cells. on the other hand, the two human anti-rho sera tested in parallel were found to contain not only antibodies of specificity anti-rho but also antibodies capable of detecting lc specificity on the chimp ... | 1978 | 412797 |
| study of platelet aggregation in vivo: iv effect of pyrimido-pyrimidine derivatives. | two pyrimido-pyrimidine derivatives (ra 233 and vk 744) were found effective aggregation inhibitors in vitro of human and monkey platelets and in vivo in stumptailed monkeys and chimpanzees. they also inhibited thrombotic occlusion of metal screens inserted into arteriovenous shunts. | 1977 | 412904 |
| antigenic similarities to hcg subunits among chorionic gonadotropins of nonhuman primates. | comparison of antigenic similarity between human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) subunits and the chorionic gonadotropins of six species of nonhuman primates indicates marked similarity of antigenic determinants between both subunits of hcg and the chorionic gonadotropins of chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. antisera to hcg subunits (alpha or beta) did not cross-react with the chorionic gonadotropins of baboons, macaques, or marmosets. because of the relative availability of chimpanzees for la ... | 1977 | 412970 |
| [ability of monkeys to predict the direction of a movement]. | the capacity of chimpanzees and baboons for extrapolating the rectalinear direction of the movement of food was studied by means of a specially evolved method. it was found that the chimpanzees have greater extrapolation capacities than baboons both in the case of immediate and delayed decision. the factors which determine the effectiveness of extrapolation are as follows: relation between the lengths of visible and invisible sections of the trajectory, as well as the angle of trajectory deflect ... | 1977 | 413275 |
| immunological relationships of human and subhuman primate pregnancy-associated plasma proteins. | (1) four pregnancy-associated plasma proteins cross-reactive with antibodies to the human pregnancy proteins were detected in several species of pregnant subhuman primates. in the case of the two apes studied (chimpanzee and orangutan), these appeared to be immunologically identical to the human papps (papp-a, -b, -c, and hcs). in the old world monkeys analyzed, equivalent partially cross-reactive papps were found; while in the new world squirrel monkey, only faint traces of cross-reactive papp- ... | 1978 | 413796 |
| rat lung hyper-reactivity to stress. | rats have been used frequently as a model for determining the pulmonary response to various stressful situations. it has been shown in the literature that rat lungs are remarkably sensitive to factors which result in the development of gross pulmonary injury, such as stress from exposure to hyperbaric oxygen. similarly, a high degree of pulmonary reactivity was found in rats after administration of various cns, convulsants and also exposure to mechanical vibration. the present study was confined ... | 1978 | 414726 |
| connective tissue composition of aortas from non-human primates. a comparative study. | connective tissue composition of aortas from several non-human primate species has been studied in an effort to relate collagen, elastin, ang glycosaminoglycan (gag) content to species susceptibility to atherosclerosis. among the species studied the baboon contained the highest content of gag in the aorta. while the distribution of individual gag varied from species to species, heparan sulfate (hs) was the highest gag in aortas from most of the species. the ratio of hs to chondroitin sulfates (c ... | 1978 | 415748 |
| experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection of four species of primates. | four species of nonhuman primates were inoculated intranasally with 10(3.1) to 10(3.7) plaque forming units (pfu) of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus. adults squirrel monkeys and newborn rhesus monkeys became infected and shed small quantities (peak titer 10(2.0) pfu/ml of nasopharyngeal swab specimen) of virus, but illness did not develop. infant cebus monkeys aged 2 months became infected, shed 10(2.3) to 10(3.8) pfu/ml of nasopharyngeal swab specimen, but did not become ill. chimpanzees aged ... | 1977 | 416176 |
| heterotopic cardiac transplantation with a xenograft for assistance of the left heart in cardiogenic shock after cardiopulmonary bypass. | one of the indications for the use of the heterotopic cardiac transplant is temporarily to support a failing heart in the anticipation of its recovery when all other measures of support have been unsuccessful. human donors are not always available when required and we decided to use a xenograft for this purpose when the need arose. this report details our experience with a baboon and a chimpanzee cardiac xenograft transplant in the heterotopic position. we have found (a) that the operation is te ... | 1977 | 416502 |
| analysis of the hominoid os coxae by cartesian coordinates. | this study is based upon 48 3-dimensional coordinates taken on 4 fossil hominid and 127 extant hominoid coxal bones. the follis include sts 14, sk 3155, mld 7, and mld 25. the comparative sample consists of 42 homo sapiens, 27 pan troglodytes, 29 gorilla gorilla and 29 pongo pygmaeus. the coordinates improve the metrical representation of the bone beyond what can be done with linear measurements because the shape complexity of the os coxae is so great. the coordinates are rotated and translated ... | 1978 | 416722 |
| [about the comparison of closely related species chimpanzee-man and fox-dog in respect of the possibility of xenotransplantation (author's transl)]. | although the transplant combinations chimpanzee-man on one hand and fox-dog on the other hand have nearly the same phylogenetic development within their zoological family, it is not quite correct to compare the immunological reactions and patterns of rejection of xenogeneic transplants within these systems. the differences in immunochemistry of serum proteins between these two systems confirm that chimpanzee and man are more closely related than fox and dog concerning their genetic disparity. th ... | 1978 | 417391 |
| the chemical restraint of apes and monkeys by means of phencyclidine or ketamine. | the anesthetic effects of two drugs, namely, phencyclidine and ketamine, used alone or in combination with atropine, were compared during clinical and experimental procedures on different primate species ranging from gorillas, orangutans, white-faced and dwarf chimpanzees, baboons, cercopithecus monkeys to new--world monkeys. it is concluded that both these anesthetics are very good and safe drugs for restraint and anesthesia. ketamine appeared to be superior to phencyclidine for use among apes ... | 1978 | 418634 |
| acute non-a, non-b hepatitis. prolonged presence of the infectious agent in blood. | non-a, non-b hepatitis, previously transmitted to chimpanzees by inoculation of human serum, was serially transmitted through a second and third passage to additional chimpanzees using serum drawn during acute non-a, non-b hepatitis. sera obtained at weeks 4 and 5 after inoculation from two different chimpanzees, and from one chimpanzee at week 13 after inoculation, were shown to cause elevation of serum aminotransferase levels and abnormal liver biopsies in recipient chimpanzees, with no serolo ... | 1979 | 421994 |
| a new platelet aggregation inhibitor which possesses hypolipemic and uricosuric properties, 2-[3-(2-thiazolylthio)phenyl]propionic acid (tpa). | in vitro, 2-[3-(2-thiazolylthio)phenyl]propionic acid (tpa) at plasma concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 1.0 microgram/ml prevents aggregation of human platelets induced by various aggregating agents. oral administration of tpa to guinea pigs inhibits platelet aggregation; the estimated dose to reduce aggregation by 50% is 0.3 mg/kg. tpa protects rabbits against arachidonate-induced thromboembolic death (50% protection at 0.79 mg/kg i.p.). tpa is a potent hypotriglyceridemic agent in rats when ... | 1979 | 448645 |
| morphological affinities of pan paniscus. | although the pygmy chimpanzee (pan paniscus) is more similar to man than is the common chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) in some traits, the resemblance is due primarily to the smaller size and concomitant allometric generalization of the former. the two species of chimpanzees are equally good models for the common ancestry of african apes and man. | 1979 | 451545 |
| non-a, non-b hepatitis: ultrastructural evidence for two agents in experimentally infected chimpanzees. | two different ultrastructural alterations were observed in liver cells of chimpanzees inoculated with plasma derived from two different patients with non-a, non-b hepatitis. during the acute phase of illness in one group of four chimpanzees, peculiar tubular structures, composed of two unit membranes with electron-opaque material in between, were observed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. in contrast, these structures were never detected in the liver cells of the second group of five chimpanzees ... | 1979 | 451589 |
| hepatitis b e-antigen and its correlation with other serological markers in chimpanzees. | three chimpanzees experimentally infected with hepatitis b virus, and another three chimpanzees that were hepatitis surface antigen carriers, were studied for the presence of viral antigens and humoral immune responses. quantitative analyses of hepatitis b surface and e-antigens in sequential serum samples at early acute stages revealed cyclic oscillations of these two antigens following a synchronous pattern. similar analyses of anti-e-antigen and anti-hepatitis b core antigen antibodies from t ... | 1979 | 457278 |
| experimental infection of chimpanzees with antihemophilic (factor viii) materials: recovery of virus-like particles associated with non-a, non-b hepatitis. | non-a, non-b viral hepatitis was transmitted to four colony-born chimpanzees by infusion of three lots of antihemophilic factor (factor viii) implicated in the transmission of non-a, non-b hepatitis to two human recipients. all four inoculated animals showed histopathological evidence of viral hepatitis, and all demonstrated significant alt elevations between seven and one-half weeks after inoculation. acute-phase plasma from one of the infected chimpanzees (no. 771) was shown to induce non-a, n ... | 1979 | 479861 |
| localization in somatic sensory and motor areas of human cerebral cortex as determined by direct recording of evoked potentials and electrical stimulation. | this paper reports and illustrates in figurine style results obtained by electrical stimulation of the cortex in 20 patients and by recording of cortical evoked potentials (eps) in 13 of these patients, whose surgery required wide exposure of the rolandic or paracentral regions of the cortex. this study is unique in that cutaneous receptive fields related to specific cortical sites were defined by mechanical stimulation, as is done in animals, in contrast to electrical stimulation of peripheral ... | 1979 | 479934 |
| sites that bind polymerized albumin on hepatitis b surface antigen particles: detection by radioimmunoassay. | antibodies to polymerized human albumin (poly-hsa) could not be detected by using sensitive methods (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoprecipitation) in sera from chronic carriers of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) or in serial bleedings from one chimpanzee infected with type a hepatitis virus and one infected with non-a, non-b hepatitis virus. by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay, receptor sites for poly-hsa could be detected on hbsag particles from sera containing either hepati ... | 1979 | 500199 |
| can an ape create a sentence? | more than 19,000 multisign utterances of an infant chimpanzee (nim) were analyzed for syntactic and semantic regularities. lexical regularities were observed in the case of two-sign combinations: particular signs (for example, more) tended to occur in a particular position. these regularities could not be attributed to memorization or to position habits, suggesting that they were structurally constrained. that conclusion, however, was invalidated by videotape analyses, which showed that most of ... | 1979 | 504995 |
| urinary excretion of mercapturic acids in chimpanzees and rats. | | 1979 | 505452 |
| complete sequence of the gamma chain from the fetal hemoglobin of the baboon, papio cynocephalus. | the amino acid sequence of the hemoglobin gamma chain from a baboon, papio cynocephalus, was determined by automated sequencing of the intact chain and six fragments generated by specific clevage reactions. the existence of structural heterogeneity at position 75, where both valyl and isoleucyl residues were found, is suggestive of the presence of nonallelic v gamma- and i gamma-chain genes in this species, and further emphasizes the extent to which the genetic basis of hemoglobin production amo ... | 1979 | 511581 |
| calcaneocuboid joint and stability of the longitudinal arch of the foot at high and low gear push off. | the calcaneocuboid joint was studied in ligamentous specimens of ten human feet, and in skeletons of two gorillas (gorilla gorilla beringei), six chimpanzees (pan troglodytes), three orangutans (pongo pygmaeus) and 25 human feet. the movement of the transverse tarsal joint was further studied in a living foot on a walk-way with a glass plate inserted, and with an underlying mirror. in man the joint is shaped as an asymmetrical sector of one end of an hour-glass shaped surface of revolution with ... | 1979 | 511760 |
| foodborne outbreak of hepatitis a: clinical and laboratory features of acute and protracted illness. | during a 1974 foodborne outbreak of viral hepatitis type a among navy recruits, we evaluated clinical and laboratory features prospectively in 130 affected persons. the ratio of anicteric to icteric persons identified during the outbreak was 1:3.5 but illness was relatively mild in this population of young adults. infrequently reported in association with type a hepatitis, rash and arthralgias (but not arthritis) were reported by 14 and 10% of affected persons, respectively. fourteen weeks after ... | 1979 | 517565 |
| [odintologic studies on the dentition of pan troglodytes verus]. | the examination of 90 pan troglodytes verus skulls from the collection of the institute of anthropology of the university of giessen did not reveal the existence of a tuberculum carabelli. against that a well marked cingulum of the upper molars could be observed. nearly half of the p2 showed two roots; one of the p1 had only one root. the two-rooted p2 are characteristic by a longitudinal groove on the buccal side, which may indicate bifurcation of the teeth. agenesia of teeth was found in 3.6% ... | 1979 | 518043 |
| fatal suppurative nephritis caused by pseudomonas in a chimpanzee. | | 1979 | 521382 |
| illness in a chimpanzee inoculated with hepatitis b virus. | | 1979 | 521389 |
| immunopathologic aspects of the hbsag carrier state in chimpanzees. | the tissue distribution of hepatitis b virus antigens was correlated with the distribution of immunoglobulins and complement and with histopathological changes. although no circulating antibody was detected, the participation of humoral immune mechanisms in the elimination of hbsag from the circulation was suggested by presence of hbsag, immunoglobulins, and c'3 in germinal centers of mesenteric lymph nodes and hbsag mixed with immunoglobulins in the mesangium of kidney glomeruli. the results su ... | 1979 | 529272 |
| an evaluation of the bovine -- onchocerca gibsoni, onchocerca gutturosa model as a tertiary screen for drugs against onchocerca volvulus in man. | in this trial suramin, diethylcarbamazine, trichlorphon, levamisole, mebendazole, melarsonyl potassiu, hoechst 33258 and tinidazole were administered to cattle infected with o. gibsoni and o. gutturosa to determine the usefulness of this screen in predicting the effect of drugs in man against. o. volvulus except for melarsonyl potassium which was macrofilarticidal against o. gutturosa but not o. gibsoni when cattle were slaughtered 6 weeks after treatment. it was concluded that cattle infected w ... | 1979 | 538819 |
| the development of onchocerca volvulus in two temperate blackfly species, simulium ornatum meigen and simulium lineatum meigen. | in view of the promise shown by temperate simuliids for laboratory colonization, the ability of simulium ornatum and s. lineatum to support the development of onchocerca volvulus was investigated. an injection technique is described for the introduction of o. volvulus microfilariae from a chimpanzee into female simuliids in the absence of a bloodmeal. rpmi 1640 medium, with penicillin, streptomycin and foetal calf serum, proved satisfactory as an inoculation medium. third stage larvae were obtai ... | 1979 | 539857 |
| erythroblastosis models. ii. materno-fetal incompatibility in chimpanzee. | erythroblastosis fetalis represents a significant hazard for successful management of pregnancy in man and in marmosets, but not in crab-eating macaques. materno-fetal blood group incompatibility in chimpanzee is described as a contributing factor in the death of an infant. the findings indicate that parental blood groups should be taken into consideration when breeding chimpanzees. | 1977 | 556709 |
| the recent rise to the alpha-rank in a population of free-living chimpanzees. | the recent rise of a high-ranking adult male chimpanzee to the alpha male position of the gombe national park's kasakela chimpanzee community is reported. the male figan is the fourth individual to assume this status in the wild chimpanzees' social hierarchy during goodall's 16 year study in tanzania. the paper describes the overthrow of the previous top-ranking male, and the manner in which figan has maintained his new position after the take-over. emphasis is placed upon his relationship with ... | 1977 | 557429 |
| [rearing and management of chimpanzees for experimental infection with hepatitis b virus (author's transl)]. | for the purpose of experimental infection with human hepatitis b virus, 14 chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) were delivered to the division of animal research, faculty of medicine, university of tokyo, tokyo. these chimps, 11 males and 3 females, born in the west africa, had been reared for two to six months. several days after delivery, they were anesthetized with ketalar in order to make clinical, bacteriological and parasitological examinations; it was found that one of them was in malnutrition, ... | 1977 | 558103 |
| the distribution of sequences complementary to human satellite dnas i, ii and iv in the chromosomes of chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and orang utan (pongo pygmaeus). | human satellite dnas i, ii and iv were transcribed to yield radioactive complementary rnas (crnas). these crnas were hybridised to metaphase chromosomes of man, chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and orang utan (pongo pygmaeus). the results of this in situ hybridisation were analysed quantitatively and compared with accepted chromosome homologies based on giemsa banding patterns. the crna to satellite ii (crnaii) did not hybridise to chimpanzee chromosomes, although its hybr ... | 1977 | 561680 |
| effects of ovariectomy and estradiol replacement therapy upon the sexual and aggressive behavior of the greater galago (galago crassicaudatus crassicaudatus). | the effects of ovariectomy and estradiol treatment upon sexual and aggressive behavior were studied in a prosimian primate, the greater galago. ovariectomized galagos were sexually unreceptive and frequently aggressive, but retained their sexual attractiveness to males. when females were treated with estradiol monobenzoate, however, their aggression and refusals of males' mounting attempts decreased markedly. although males mounted these females, they usually failed to copulate, possibly because ... | 1978 | 566251 |
| urethral infection of chimpanzees by ureaplasma urealyticum. | two strains of ureaplasma urealyticum serotype v that had produced urethritis in human volunteers were, after a number of subcultures in artificial media, introduced intra-urethrally into three chimpanzees. one strain given to two chimpanzees rapidly multiplied 1000-fold whereas there was less evidence that organisms of another strain multiplied in a third animal. over a 14-day period the ureaplasmas persisted in all animals, did not spread to the throat and did not produce an inflammatory respo ... | 1978 | 566328 |
| [study of the sugar composition of conidiobolus strains saprophytic or pathogenic to man and animal]. | the composition in the cell wall sugars of 13 strains of conidiobolus coronatus and 1 strain of conidiobolus incongruus has been determined. glucose and mannose were found to be the main sugars. the study of the ratio mannose/glucose has shown that there are 3 groups of strains. the first group which contains the strain of c. coronatus isolated from man or chimpanzee is characterized by a ratio lying between 0.92 and 1.3. the second group containing the strains of c. coronatus isolated from hors ... | 1978 | 567744 |
| ability of chimpanzees to respond to symbols of quantity in comparison with that of children and of monkeys. | four chimpanzees, 4 rhesus monkeys, and 11 children aged 4-9 yr were assessed under comparable conditions for their ability to make use of colors as symbols of quantity. one particular color represented the quantifier "all"; another represented "some"; another represented "one"; a fourth represented "none." these arbitrarily chosen colors retained their individual meanings when the test conditions were varied on three occasions. the ability of the subjects to continue responding appropriately to ... | 1978 | 569665 |
| strategies of emigration and transfer by primates, with particular reference to gorillas. | in many primate species, more males than females leave their natal group and transfer to another. in man, chimpanzee and the gorilla, however, the reverse is the case. this paper presents detailed data for the gorilla on individuals' movements into and out of breeding units. comparisons are made with other primates, and with data on two non-primate species in which females rather than males move between breeding units. proximate causes and functions of emigration and transfer are considered, and ... | 1978 | 570781 |
| shift from free "small" hepatitis b e antigen to igg-bound "large" form in the circulation of human beings and a chimpanzee acutely infected with hepatitis b virus. | hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag) occurs both free and in association with igg in the circulation of individuals infected with hepatitis b virus (hbv). we determined free and igg-bound hbeag forms separately in the serum of humans and a chimpanzee acutely infected with hbv. in a patient with laboratory acquired hbv infection, the proportion of free hbeag gradually decreased from 89% to 23%. a similar shift from free to igg-bound form of hbeag was invariably observed in 5 additional patients with acu ... | 1979 | 574101 |
| bile acid conjugation in the chimpanzee: effective sulfation of lithocholic acid. | to characterize the hepatic biotransformation in the chimpanzee of the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid (chenic) and its major bacterial metabolite lithocholic acid (lithocholic) a mixture of trace amounts of 14c-lithocholic and 3h-chenic was injected intravenously into two animals with a bile fistula; the chemical form of radioactivity appearing in bile was inferred using thin layer chromatography. about 80% of chenic, and 70% of lithocholic was recovered in 90 min. chenic was completely ... | 1978 | 580732 |
| quantitative changes in astrocytes after portacaval shunting in chimpanzees and in man with normal liver parenchyma. | chimpanzees without liver cell damage, but subjected to portacaval anastomosis, showed behavioral changes that were accompanied by "alzheimer ii" astrocyte hyperplasia and nuclear enlargement. these findings were similar to those in a human patient with encephalopathy, secondary to a portacaval shunt, whose liver was normal. controlled quantitative study of astrocytic hyperplasia in different anatomic regions showed the hyperplasia to involve the gray matter with only moderate topographic variat ... | 1979 | 581733 |
| transmission of hepatitis v virus infection by transfusion of frozen-deglycerolized red blood cells. | chimpanzees were used to determine the ability of prior freezing of red blood cells to prevent the transmission of type b post-transfusion hepatitis. four units of human whole blood were each inoculated with 10(6) infectious doses of hepatitis b virus. although all units became hbsag negative after freezing and deglycerolization, hepatitis b virus infection developed in all four chimpanzees when these units were transfused. two of these chimpanzees had only serologic evidence of infection, inclu ... | 1978 | 628386 |
| non-a, non-b hepatitis transmission in chimpanzees: a project of the transfusion-transmitted viruses study group. | experimental transmission of non-a, non-b hepatitis was apparently accomplished in 5 chimpanzees following inoculation with presumably infectious human sera. administration of sera from implicated donors with normal alanine aminotransferase (alt) values, as well as from those with abnormal alt levels, resulted in the development of alt abnormalities in the inoculated chimpanzees. transmission from donors with normal alt values implies that healthy carriers of non-a, non-b virus exist. evidence i ... | 1978 | 632054 |
| patterns of food sharing among mother and infant chimpanzees at gombe national park, tanzania. | the patterns of food sharing among mother and infant chimpanzees at the gombe national park, tanzania, are primarily influenced by the infants' ability to procure and process foods independently. foods infants could find and process on their own were not shared by mothers as frequently as foods infants could not obtain independently. temporal changes were observed in the patterns of interactions as infants matured. it is suggested that food sharing may be considered a behavioral strategy which f ... | 1978 | 658842 |
| studies on the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test for schistosoma mansoni infections. | extensive studies of the use of the elisa test for the detection of antibodies in schistosoma mansoni infections are described. a method has been evolved for the determination of the optimum value for the reference serum endpoint. in chimpanzees infected with s. mansoni a crude egg antigen detected antibodies earlier in the infection than did a worm antigen and was generally more reactive. the elisa test, using the egg antigen, has been applied to sera from populations infected with s. mansoni, ... | 1978 | 666395 |
| electromyography of pongid shoulder muscles iii. quadrupedal positional behavior. | electromyographic (emg) recordings were taken from 14 shoulder muscles (or major parts of them) in a gorilla, a chimpanzee and an orangutan as they stood quadrupedally and tripedally, descended from elevated substrates, crutch-walked, and progressed quadrupedally on inclined and level substrates. in the african apes, low potentials commonly (but not always) occurred in the sternocostal pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, supraspinatus and subscapularis muscles during quadrupedal stance. the quad ... | 1978 | 677298 |
| experimental infection of chimpanzees with dengue viruses. | | 1978 | 677372 |
| experimental infection with schistosoma intercalatum (fisher, 1934) in the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) and the gibbon (hylobates lar). | two young chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) and two adult gibbons (hylobates lar), each exposed to 1,000 cercariae of schistosoma intercalatum (cameroon), were examined at 79 and 82 wk and 61 and 69 wk, respectively, post-infection. based upon worn returns and tissue egg deposits, these primates can be employed as hosts for experimental schistosomiasis intercalata. however, no histopathology was detected in the urogenital system. | 1978 | 677377 |
| hepatitis b vaccine: efficacy in high-risk settings, a two-year study. | a formalin-treated hepatitis b vaccine in the form of purified hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was prepared from asymptomatic human hbsag carriers. its safety and potency were tested in 5 chimpanzees. the vaccine was administered to 264-individuals. the results of the first 173 immunizations--46 hemodialysis patients and 127 staff members--are presented. potency was ascertained and efficacy assessed by the development of humoral immune responses to hbsag (anti-hbs antibody) and seroepidemiol ... | 1978 | 681144 |
| hepatitis b core particles with endogenous dna polymerase activity from chimpanzee liver. | hepatitis b core antigen (hbcag) particles, approximately 27-28 nm in diameter and rho = 1.30-1.35 g/cm3, were purified from the liver of a chimpanzee experimentally infected with hepatitis b virus (hbv) while under cyclophosphamide treatment. the purified hbcag particles incorporated radioactive deoxythymidine triphosphate. the product was precipitable by trichloroacetic acid and sensitive to dnase, but resistant to digestion by rnase. the reaction required four deoxyribonucleosise triphosphate ... | 1978 | 681146 |
| incomplete inactivation of hepatitis b virus after heat treatment at 60 c for 10 hours. | a 10(-3) dilution of pooled serum (positive for hepatitis b e antigen and dna polymerase activity) containing hepatitis b virus (hbv) in a titer 10(5) times the chimpanzee-infectious dose, was heated under water maintained at 60 c for 10 hr. there was a twofold decrease in the titer of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) as measured by reverse passive hemagglutination after the heat treatment. the heated, diluted serum was still infectious and caused hbv infections in both seronegative chimpanze ... | 1978 | 681799 |
| the major histocompatibility complex of chimpanzees: identification of several new antigens controlled by the a and b loci of chla. | the serology and genetics of 17 serologically defined tissue antigens of chimpanzees is described. analysis of their distribution in 200 unrelated chimpanzees and their segregation in a large number of chimp families suggests that 14 of the antigens are controlled by two closely linked loci: seven by the a and seven by the b locus of chla. typing of chimpanzees with human alloantisera revealed that several of those a and b locus antigens of chla are the chimp's serological counterparts of a and ... | 1978 | 694913 |
| correlations between tooth dimensions of man and apes. | computation of simple, multiple and canonical correlation coefficents between the mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters showed a high degree of association between the overall crown dimensions of man and chimpanzee. information regarding the partitioning of genetic and environmental influences on crown form must therefore await further data regarding the degree of correlation between detailed intra-crown dimensions. nevertheless, the data from this study suggested that dentitions should b ... | 1978 | 696222 |
| chimpanzee problem-solving: a test for comprehension. | an adult chimpanzee was shown videotaped scenes of a human actor struggling with one of eight problems and was then shown two photographs, one of which depicted an action or an object (or both) that could constitute a solution to the problem. on seven of the eight problems, the animal consistently chose the correct photograph. this test problem-solving comprehension permits the animal's knowledge about problem-solving--its ability to infer the nature of problems and to recognize potential soluti ... | 1978 | 705342 |
| some aspects of the proposed captive breeding of dwarf chimpanzees (pan paniscus) | | 1978 | 712809 |