| impacts of visitor number on kangaroos housed in free-range exhibits. | free range exhibits are becoming increasingly popular in zoos as a means to enhance interaction between visitors and animals. however very little research exists on the impacts of visitors on animal behaviour and stress in free range exhibits. we investigated the effects of visitor number on the behaviour and stress physiology of kangaroo island (ki) kangaroos, macropus fuliginosus fuliginosus, and red kangaroos, macropus rufus, housed in two free range exhibits in australian zoos. behavioural o ... | 2015 | 26036594 |
| chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of the common wombat (vombatus ursinus). | previous structural characterizations of marsupial milk oligosaccharides have been performed in the tammar wallaby, red kangaroo, koala, common brushtail possum and the eastern quoll. to clarify the homology and heterogeneity of milk oligosaccharides among marsupial species, which could provide information on their evolution, the oligosaccharides of wombat milk carbohydrate were characterized in this study. neutral and acidic oligosaccharides were isolated from the carbohydrate fractions of two ... | 2016 | 26608481 |
| effects of spines and thorns on australian arid zone herbivores of different body masses. | we investigated the effects of thorns and spines on the feeding of 5 herbivore species in arid australia. the herbivores were the rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus), euro kangaroo (macropus robustus), red kangaroo (macropus rufus), sheep (ovis aries), and cattle (bos taurus). five woody plants without spines or thorns and 6 woody plants with thorns were included in the study. the spines and thorns were not found to affect the herbivores' rates of feeding (items ingested/min), but they did reduce the ... | 1991 | 28312622 |
| chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of the eastern quoll (dasyurus viverrinus). | structural characterizations of marsupial milk oligosaccharides have been performed in four species to date: the tammar wallaby (macropus eugenii), the red kangaroo (macropus rufus), the koala (phascolarctos cinereus) and the common brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula). to clarify the homology and heterogeneity of milk oligosaccharides among marsupials, the oligosaccharides in the carbohydrate fraction of eastern quoll milk were characterized in this study. neutral and acidic oligosaccharide ... | 2015 | 26047593 |
| morphology of the lingual papillae in the eastern grey kangaroo. | we examined the dorsal lingual surface of an adult eastern grey kangaroo (macropus gigantues) by scanning electron microscopy. the filiform papillae on the lingual apex and anterior body consisted of a main papilla and secondary papillae. the connective tissue core of the filiform papillae on the lingual apex had several processes. the filiform papillae on the lingual posterior body were thread-like in shape. the connective tissue core of the filiform papillae on the lingual posterior body consi ... | 2016 | 27904022 |
| seroprevalence of retrovirus in north american captive macropodidae. | laboratory records of serology results from captive macropodidae sampled between 1997 and 2005 were reviewed to assess the seroprevalence of retrovirus exposure. serum samples from 269 individuals (136 males, 133 females) representing 10 species of macropods housed in 31 north american captive collections were analyzed for retrovirus antibody using an indirect immunofluorescent assay. the prevalence of positive antibody titers comparing male versus female, between species, between age groups, an ... | 2008 | 18816994 |
| sry and karyotypic status of one abnormal and two intersexual marsupials. | an intersexual agile wallaby (macropus agilis) with a penis, a pouch and four teats had a sex-chromosome constitution of xxy in lymphocytes and cultured fibroblasts; the sex-determining region y (sry) gene was present, consistent with the presence of a testis. an intersexual eastern grey kangaroo (macropus giganteus) with a small empty scrotum and no penis, and an abnormal red kangaroo (macropus rufus) with no penis, pouch or teats, both had xx sex-chromosome complements; the sry gene was not pr ... | 1997 | 9208434 |
| host-parasite associations of eimeria spp. (apicomplexa:eimeriidae) in kangaroos and wallabies of the genus macropus (marsupialia:macropodidae). | faecal samples from 514 kangaroos and wallabies representing 12 species of the genus macropus were examined for oocysts of eimeria spp. six species of eimeria were redescribed from their type hosts, and on the basis of finding homologous oocysts in the faeces of other macropus spp., host ranges for these coccidia were extended. eimeria hestermani mykytowycz, 1964 is redescribed from m. giganteus (eastern grey kangaroo) and is described from m. fuliginosus (western grey kangaroo), m. rufogriseus ... | 1989 | 2759765 |
| repeated dna sequences and kangaroo phylogeny. | three highly repeated dna sequences have been used to determine relationships of species within the macropodidae (kangaroos and wallabies). two highly repeated dna sequences were isolated as buoyant density satellites in the red-necked wallaby and in the wallaroo-euro group. the third probe was a cloned representative of one class of highly repeated species from the red kangaroo. radioactively labelled probes of these three repeated sequences were used to determine the incidence and distribution ... | 1981 | 7295212 |
| the feeding ecology of the dingo : iii. dietary relationships with widely fluctuating prey populations in arid australia: an hypothesis of alternation of predation. | changes in the diet of dingoes (canis familiaris dingo) in response to measured fluctuations of prey populations were followed over 7 years. the study began after great rains had broken a long drought. eruptions of rodents and rabbits followed, but some prey were always either relatively abundant (live cattle) or scarce (red kangaroo, lizards, birds). cattle carcasses were increasingly available during a subsequent drought. small and medium-sized prey, rodents (26%), lizards (12%) and rabbits (5 ... | 1987 | 28311993 |
| osteoarthritis in two marine mammals and 22 land mammals: learning from skeletal remains. | the occurrence of osteoarthritis (oa) in marine mammals is still questionable. here we investigated the prevalence of oa in marine (dolphin and dugong) and terrestrial mammals (asian elephant, asiatic buffalo, camel, cat, cattle, deer, dog, domestic goat, horse, human, hyena, impala, lion, malayan tapir, assam macaque, mule, pig, rabbit, red kangaroo, sheep, tiger and waterbuck). skeletal remains obtained from five institutes were used as subjects; a total of 45 different parts (locations) of bo ... | 2017 | 28542897 |
| parasitic nematode communities of the red kangaroo, macropus rufus: richness and structuring in captive systems. | captive management practices have the potential to drastically alter pre-existing host-parasite relationships. this can have profound implications for the health and productivity of threatened species in captivity, even in the absence of clinical symptoms of disease. maximising the success of captive breeding programmes requires a detailed knowledge of anthropogenic influences on the structure of parasite assemblages in captive systems. in this study, we employed two high-throughput molecular te ... | 2015 | 25916465 |
| peters anomaly in a red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | a 10-mo-old female red kangaroo (macropus rufus) presented with a unilateral congenital corneal opacity od. complete ophthalmic examination revealed a shallow anterior chamber and a focal area of corneal edema with multiple persistent pupillary membranes extending from the iris colarette to the corneal endothelium adjacent to the edematous area of cornea. high-resolution b-scan ultrasound of the anterior segment showed an area consistent with thinning of descemet's membrane in the area of cornea ... | 2014 | 25314851 |
| diagnosis and treatment of mesenteric volvulus in a red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | an 8-year-old male red kangaroo (macropus rufus) was evaluated with a 2-week history of vomiting and anorexia. four days prior, the patient became refractory to medical management. the kangaroo was admitted for diagnostic testing and treatment including whole body ct, blood work, and emergency laparotomy. | 2014 | 24649996 |
| pathology in practice. metastatic adenocarcinoma in a red kangaroo. | | 2013 | 23822078 |
| studies on metatherian sex chromosomes. i. inheritance and inactivation of sex-linked allelic genes determining glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variation in kangaroos. | wallaroos (macropus robustus robustus), which have the g6pd-f electrophoretic phenotype, crossed with euros (m.r.erubescens), of g6pd-s phenotype, produced f1 animals which had only the maternal g6pd type regardless of the direction of the cross. when f1 hybrids were backcrossed to wallaroos or euros, backcross progeny of either perental phenotype resulted. sex-linked inheritance of allelic g6pd genes is shown to occur in wallaroos, euros and red kangaroos (m. rufus). dose compensation for x chr ... | 1975 | 1225290 |
| cuterebra myiasis in a group of red kangaroos (megaleia rufa), a bennett's wallaby (macropus rufogriseus fruticus), and a gunther's dik dik (maloqua guentheri smithi). | a group of four red kangaroos (megaleia rufa), a bennett's wallaby (macropus rufogriseus fruticus), and a gunther's dik dik (maloqua guentheri smithi) were presented over a 2-mo period with draining lesions over the thorax or on the lateral aspect of a hind leg. only one animal exhibited more than one lesion. physical examinations revealed infections with fly larvae. the parasites were manually removed and identified as cuterebra spp. all of the affected animals survived, with no apparent side e ... | 2000 | 10884138 |
| circulating levels of prolactin and progesterone in a wild population of red kangaroos (macropus rufus) marsupialia: macropodidae. | circulating progesterone and prolactin levels were measured in shot and live-caught wild red kangaroos using radioimmunoassays validated for the red kangaroo. the objective of the study was to correlate hormone profiles with reproductive status and determine if red kangaroos follow the general pattern elucidated for other macropodids. during phase 2a lactation ( < 70 days) plasma progesterone concentrations were < 189 pg/ml (n = 41). this value increased to > 600 pg/ml (n = 32) during the transi ... | 1996 | 8729941 |
| correction: molecular characterization and multi-locus genotypes of enterocytozoon bieneusi from captive red kangaroos (macropus rfus) in jiangsu province, china. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183249.]. | 2017 | 29287107 |
| dehydration, with and without heat, in kangaroos from mesic and arid habitats: different thermal responses including varying patterns in heterothermy in the field and laboratory. | field data showing the daily patterns in body temperature (t(b)) of kangaroos in hot, arid conditions, with and without water, indicate the use of adaptive heterothermy, i.e. large variation in t(b). however, daily t(b) variation was greater in the eastern grey kangaroo (macropus giganteus), a species of mesic origin, than in the desert-adapted red kangaroo (macropus rufus). the nature of such responses was studied by an examination of their thermal adjustments to dehydration in thermoneutral te ... | 2007 | 17605014 |
| cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii-associated renal amyloidosis causing protein-losing nephropathy in a red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | a 10-year-old male castrated red kangaroo (macropus rufus) presented with mandibular swelling. examination findings included pitting edema with no dental disease evident on examination or radiographs. the results of blood work were moderate azotemia, hypoalbuminemia, and severely elevated urine protein:creatinine ratio (9.9). radiographs showed an interstitial pattern of the caudal right lung, and an abdominal ultrasound demonstrated scant effusion. symptomatic and empirical therapy with antibio ... | 2017 | 28920786 |
| environmental variance, population growth and evolution. | environmental fluctuations on time scales of one to tens of generations are increasingly recognized as important determinants of population dynamics and microevolution. jonzén et al. in this issue analyse how the vital rates of red kangaroos depend on annual rainfall, and estimate the elasticities of stochastic growth rate to the means and variances of the vital rates, as well as to the mean and variance of rainfall. their results demonstrate how ecological and evolutionary studies can benefit f ... | 2010 | 20409157 |
| stochastic demography and population dynamics in the red kangaroo macropus rufus. | 1. many organisms inhabit strongly fluctuating environments but their demography and population dynamics are often analysed using deterministic models and elasticity analysis, where elasticity is defined as the proportional change in population growth rate caused by a proportional change in a vital rate. deterministic analyses may not necessarily be informative because large variation in a vital rate with a small deterministic elasticity may affect the population growth rate more than a small ch ... | 2010 | 19674179 |
| mri magic-angle effect in femorotibial cartilages of the red kangaroo. | kangaroo knee cartilages are robust tissues that can support knee flexion and endure high levels of compressive stress. this study aimed to develop a detailed understanding of the collagen architecture in kangaroo knee cartilages and thus obtain insights into the biophysical basis of their function. | 2017 | 28716681 |
| a continent-wide analysis of the shade requirements of red and western grey kangaroos. | foraging time may be constrained by a suite of phenomena including weather, which can restrict a species' activity and energy intake. this is recognized as pivotal for many species whose distributions are known to correlate with climate, including kangaroos, although such impacts are rarely quantified. we explore how differences in shade seeking, a thermoregulatory behavior, of 2 closely-related kangaroo species,macropus rufus(red kangaroos) andm. fuliginosus(western grey kangaroos), might refle ... | 2017 | 27857963 |
| thermal implications of interactions between insulation, solar reflectance, and fur structure in the summer coats of diverse species of kangaroo. | not all of the solar radiation that impinges on a mammalian coat is absorbed and converted into thermal energy at the coat surface. some is reflected back to the environment, while another portion is reflected further into the coat where it is absorbed and manifested as heat at differing levels. substantial insulation in a coat limits the thermal impact at the skin of solar radiation, irrespective where in the coat it is absorbed. in coats with low insulation, the zone where solar radiation is a ... | 2017 | 27803973 |
| spatial dynamics of the bacterial community structure in the gastrointestinal tract of red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | the quantification and community of bacteria in the gastrointestinal (gi) tract (stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum) of red kangaroos (macropus rufus) were examined by using real-time pcr and paired-end illumina sequencing. the quantification of bacteria showed that the number of bacteria in jejunum and rectum was significantly lower than that in colon and cecum (p < 0.05). a total of 1,872,590 sequences was remained after quality-filtering and 50,948 otus were identified at the 97 ... | 2016 | 27116964 |
| plastic casts and confocal laser scanning microscopy applied to the observation of enamel tubules in the red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | scanning electron microscopy for plastic casts and confocal laser scanning microscopy for villanueva bone-stained ground sections were used together to observe enamel tubules in red kangaroo molars. although the tubular structures such as terminals, bends, expansions, splits, divergences and rejoinings in this species were within the variations of marsupial species, their morphological characteristics were demonstrated with extremely clear and persuasive images. thus, the combined observations o ... | 2003 | 12680470 |
| comparative finite element analysis of the cranial performance of four herbivorous marsupials. | marsupial herbivores exhibit a wide variety of skull shapes and sizes to exploit different ecological niches. several studies on teeth, dentaries, and jaw adductor muscles indicate that marsupial herbivores exhibit different specializations for grazing and browsing. no studies, however, have examined the skulls of marsupial herbivores to determine the relationship between stress and strain, and the evolution of skull shape. the relationship between skull morphology, biomechanical performance, an ... | 2015 | 26193997 |
| parallel emergence of true handedness in the evolution of marsupials and placentals. | recent studies have demonstrated a close resemblance between some handedness patterns in great apes and humans. despite this, comparative systematic investigations of manual lateralization in non-primate mammals are very limited. among mammals, robust population-level handedness is still considered to be a distinctive human trait. nevertheless, the comprehensive understanding of handedness evolution in mammals cannot be achieved without considering the other large mammalian lineage, marsupials. ... | 2015 | 26096972 |
| free-ranging heart rate, body temperature and energy metabolism in eastern grey kangaroos (macropus giganteus) and red kangaroos (macropus rufus) in the arid regions of south east australia. | eastern grey kangaroos (macropus giganteus) are generally regarded as mesic inhabitants. even though access to drinking water in permanent stock watering troughs is commonly available, these animals are still found in only low densities in arid pastoral areas. we hypothesised that the differential success of red and grey kangaroos in the arid zone may be due to higher energy requirements of m. giganteus with a concomitant need for increased food, rather than limitations imposed by inadequate wat ... | 2001 | 11497128 |
| ventilatory accommodation of oxygen demand and respiratory water loss in kangaroos from mesic and arid environments, the eastern grey kangaroo (macropus giganteus) and the red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | we studied ventilation in kangaroos from mesic and arid environments, the eastern grey kangaroo (macropus giganteus) and the red kangaroo (macropus rufus), respectively, within the range of ambient temperatures (t(a)) from -5 degrees to 45 degrees c. at thermoneutral temperatures (ta=25 degrees c), there were no differences between the species in respiratory frequency, tidal volume, total ventilation, or oxygen extraction. the ventilatory patterns of the kangaroos were markedly different from th ... | 2006 | 10893178 |
| thermoregulation by kangaroos from mesic and arid habitats: influence of temperature on routes of heat loss in eastern grey kangaroos (macropus giganteus) and red kangaroos (macropus rufus). | we examined thermoregulation in red kangaroos (macropus rufus) from deserts and in eastern grey kangaroos (macropus giganteus) from mesic forests/woodlands. desert kangaroos have complex evaporative heat loss mechanisms, but the relative importance of these mechanisms is unclear. little is known of the abilities of grey kangaroos. our detailed study of these kangaroos' thermoregulatory responses at air temperatures (t(a)) from -5 degrees to 45 degrees c showed that, while some differences occur, ... | 2006 | 10893177 |
| lamination of the masticatory muscles in the kangaroo according to their innervation. | an analysis of the laminations of the masseteric, zygomaticomandibular and temporalis muscles of the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) and all of the masticatory muscles of the eastern gray kangaroo (macropus giganteus) was carried out based on their innervation. the masseteric muscle was divided into superficial and deep layers; the superficial layer was further subdivided into three laminae from the rostro-lateral portion to caudo-internal portion. the deep layer was divided into lateral, caudo-in ... | 2000 | 10774228 |
| immunology of pouch young marsupials. i. levels of immunoglobulin transferrin and albumin in the blood and milk of euros and wallaroos (hill kangaroos: macropus robustus, marsupialia). | the concentration of total protein, albumin, transferrin, and immunoglobulin g of adult serum, pouch young serum, milk whey and colostrum has been estimated in three species of kangaroos, macropus robustus, macropus rufus (= megaleia rufa) and macropus giganteus. no study of this kind has previously been published for any marsupial species. the three individual proteins were antigenically identical in all four kinds of fluid. colostrum and milk whey are relatively enriched in transferrin but hav ... | 1984 | 6519341 |
| blockade of isoprenaline-induced fluid and protein secretion by the mandibular glands of the red kangaroo, macropus rufus, with selective antagonists. | selective and non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonists were used to block the increases in fluid and protein secretion caused by sympathomimetic stimulation of the mandibular gland of red kangaroos during intracarotid infusion of isoprenaline. atenolol or ici118551 at antagonist:agonist ratios up to 300:1 caused increasing but incomplete blockade of fluid secretion and protein release. both selective antagonists had equal potency and both antagonists were more effective at blocking protein re ... | 2000 | 10869482 |
| "whey" proteins of milk of the red (macropus rufus) and eastern grey (macropus giganteus) kangaroo. | 1. a comparison is made of gel electrophoretic patterns of the "whey" proteins of the milk of red (macropus rufus) and eastern grey (macropus giganteus) kangaroos at various stages of lactation. qualitative and quantitative changes occur with time during the mature phase of lactation of both types. their onset is related solely to the stage of lactation. "whey" proteins are isolated and characterised and the nature of protein changes determined for the first time. 2. the anodic electrophoretic p ... | 1983 | 6600992 |
| olfactory function in the red kangaroos (macropus rufus) assessed using odor-cued taste avoidance. | each of six kangaroos, tested in a seminatural environment. learned to respond readily to water and to sniff at but not ingest an aqueous solution of 0.1% isoamyl acetate plus 0.5% quinine. avoidance of the odor stimulus typically occurred after licking at the solution on two to three trials for most subjects. kangaroos also learned to avoid lower concentrations of isoamyl acetate and to discriminate between isoamyl acetate and ethyl acetate. these results are among the first to document olfacto ... | 1999 | 10497954 |
| energetics and biomechanics of locomotion by red kangaroos (macropus rufus). | as red kangaroos hop faster over level ground, their rate of oxygen consumption (indicating metabolic energy consumption) remains nearly the same. this phenomenon has been attributed to exceptional elastic energy storage and recovery via long compliant tendons in the legs. alternatively, red kangaroos may have exceptionally efficient muscles. to estimate efficiency, we measured the metabolic cost of uphill hopping, where muscle fibers must perform mechanical work against gravity. we found that u ... | 1998 | 9787777 |
| phylogeny of neurohypophyseal hormones. vasopressin polymorphism in three kangaroo species. | the neurohypophyseal hormones of three species of australian marsupials belonging to the family macropodidae (macropus rufus, macropus giganteus, macropus robustus) have been investigated. in these species three active peptides have been disclosed, one with oxytocic activity and two with pressor activity. the three hormones are present in all the individual glands which have been examined. purification has been undertaken by ion-exchange chromatography and paper chromatoelectrophoresis. the more ... | 1981 | 7228493 |
| hepatotoxicity and secondary photosensitization in a red kangaroo (megaleia rufus) due to ingestion of lantana camara. | three red kangaroos (megaleira rufus), an adult male, an adult female, and a yearling, were exposed in bedding and food to coastal bermuda hay that contained the toxic plant lantana camara. the adult male exhibited signs of anorexia, depression, lethargy, and jaundice. the adult female was presented dead. after 1 wk, following exposure to sunlight, the adult male and a yearling joey developed exudative dermatitis of the ear margins, eyelids, muzzle, and scrotum and opacity of the corneas. the ad ... | 1998 | 9732038 |
| cdna cloning of luteinizing hormone subunits from brushtail possum and red kangaroo. | luteinizing hormone (lh) plays an important role in the reproductive cycles of all mammals. there is a large amount of both nucleotide and amino acid sequence data available for lh from eutherian mammals, but little is known about the primary structure of lh in marsupials. we have used consensus pcr primers to generate specific probes for screening pituitary cdna libraries and report the cloning of the cdnas encoding the alpha-subunit of lh (also shared by a number of other glycoprotein hormones ... | 1998 | 9680384 |
| gradients in cytoarchitectural landscapes of the isocortex: diprotodont marsupials in comparison to eutherian mammals. | although it has been claimed that marsupials possess a lower density of isocortical neurons compared with other mammals, little is known about cross-cortical variation in neuron distributions in this diverse taxonomic group. we quantified upper-layer (layers ii-iv) and lower-layer (layers v-vi) neuron numbers per unit of cortical surface area in three diprotodont marsupial species (two macropodiformes, the red kangaroo and the parma wallaby, and a vombatiform, the koala) and compared these resul ... | 2017 | 28001295 |
| erratum to: parasitic nematode communities of the red kangaroo, macropus rufus: richness and structuring in captive systems. | | 2015 | 26089217 |
| fine structure of the retinal epithelial regions of the red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | the fine structure of the retinal epithelium, bruch's membrane, and choriocapillaris has been studied by electron microscopy in the red kangaroo (macropus rufus). the retinal epithelium consists of a single layer of pigmented, squamous cells. the epithelial cells are joined laterally by tight junctions and throughout the retina, display numerous basal infoldings and apical processes that enclose photoreceptor outer segments. the retinal epithelial cells are rich in smooth endoplasmic reticulum a ... | 1993 | 8338231 |
| satellite dna sequences in the red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | there is a complex pattern of satellite dna sequences in m. rufus which are revealed by addition of ag+ or dye (hoechst 33258) to the dna ink cs2so4 or cscl equilibrium density gradients. six satellite dna fractions have been isolated; these have buoyant densities in neutral cscl of 1.692, 1.704, 1.705, 1.707 (two), 1.710 and 1.712 g/ml compared with 1.696 g/ml for the main band dna. each satellite accounts for 1-3% of the dna of the genome. the satellites are located in the centromeric heteroch ... | 1982 | 6293435 |
| studies on metatherian sex chromosomes. iii. the use of tritiated uridine-induced chromosome aberrations to distinguish active and inactive x chromosomes. | the paternal x inactivation system of kangaroos has been investigated in this study by using tritiated uridine-induced chromosome aberrations to distinguish the active from the inactive x. previous work in eutherian mammals has demonstrated that constitutive heterochromatic chromosome regions are less susceptible to breakage by tritiated uridine than euchromatic regions. the results of a comparison between the paternal x chromosome of a wallaroo x red kangaroo hybrid female and the two x chromos ... | 1977 | 901301 |
| absence of an osseous patella and other observations in macropodidae stifle. | the patella is a large sesamoid bone that typically develops in the tendon of insertion of the large extensor muscles of the stifle joint. although present in almost all species of mammals and birds, it has been found to be absent in the red kangaroo and two wallaby species (family macropodidae). in its place is a fibrocartilage pad, located in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. this structure is visible grossly, is palpable, and has the form normally expected of a bony patella. in add ... | 1990 | 2297078 |
| kidney structure and function of desert kangaroos. | the structure and function of the kidneys of two species of desert kangaroos, the red kangaroo (megaleia rufa) and the euro (macropus robustus), were examined. both kangaroos had glomerular filtration rates (gfr), renal plasma flows, and urine flow rates, when hydrated and dehydrated, which were lower than those of similarly sized eutherian mammals. the differences observed between the two species of marsupials were both structural and functional. the gfr of the red kangaroo was higher than that ... | 1977 | 863826 |
| histological properties and biological significance of pouch in red kangaroo, macropus rufus. | 2 embryos, 4 youngs, 4 older youngs and the pouch of 2 mothers of the red kangaroos were examined. the results obtained are as follows: 1. the initial muscle spindles are already observed light microscopically in the vertebral, dorsal neck and forelimb muscles of the newborn baby and a little bit later in the masticatory muscles of the young of 68 mm in craniorump length and 28 g in body weight. 2. in the skin with less hair lining the inner surface of the pouch, abundant apocrine large sweat gl ... | 1989 | 2523677 |
| energy, water and space use by free-living red kangaroos macropus rufus and domestic sheep ovis aries in an australian rangeland. | we used doubly labelled water to measure field metabolic rates (fmr) and water turnover rates (wtr) in one of australia's largest native herbivores, the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) and one of australia's dominant livestock species, the wool-breed merino sheep, under free-living conditions in a typical australian rangeland. also, we used gps technology to examine animal space use, along with the comparisons of urine concentration, diet, diet digestibility, and subsequent grazing pressures. we f ... | 2013 | 23386120 |
| fitting complex population models by combining particle filters with markov chain monte carlo. | we show how a recent framework combining markov chain monte carlo (mcmc) with particle filters (pfmcmc) may be used to estimate population state-space models. with the purpose of utilizing the strengths of each method, pfmcmc explores hidden states by particle filters, while process and observation parameters are estimated using an mcmc algorithm. pfmcmc is exemplified by analyzing time series data on a red kangaroo (macropus rufus) population in new south wales, australia, using mcmc over model ... | 2012 | 22624307 |
| on observation distributions for state space models of population survey data. | 1. state space models are starting to replace more simple time series models in analyses of temporal dynamics of populations that are not perfectly censused. by simultaneously modelling both the dynamics and the observations, consistent estimates of population dynamical parameters may be obtained. for many data sets, the distribution of observation errors is unknown and error models typically chosen in an ad-hoc manner. 2. to investigate the influence of the choice of observation error on infere ... | 2011 | 21635251 |
| virtopsy in a red kangaroo with oral osteomyelitis. | this report describes the use of computed tomography (ct) in a nondomestic species. postmortem ct was performed on a red kangaroo (macropus rufus) and a diagnosis of oral osteomyelitis was made. ct examination revealed bony remodeling of the right mandible, an intraosseous lesion of the right temporal bone, muscle necrosis around the right mandible, and the absence of the right, first, upper molar tooth. cardiac and intrahepatic gas and a distended intestine due to postmortem gas accumulation we ... | 2011 | 22946383 |
| extended anaesthesia and nasotracheal intubation of a red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | anaesthesia requires maintenance of a patent airway. nasotracheal intubation of a red kangaroo (macropus rufus) was performed when the inability to open the animal’s mouth prevented orotracheal intubation. nasotracheal intubation was easy to perform, secured the airway and permitted delivery of supplemental oxygen, isoflurane and intermittent positive pressure ventilation. | 2010 | 20973291 |
| identification of lysine vasopressin in two australian marsupials, the red kangaroo and the tammar. | | 1980 | 7417335 |
| oral squamous cell carcinoma in a giant red kangaroo. | | 1979 | 521386 |
| red cell metabolism in red and grey kangaroos. | glucose utilization, lactate production and glutathione regeneration were measured in the red blood cells of 2 species of australian marsupials, eastern grey kangaroo (macropus gigantus) and red kangaroo (macropus rufus), and were found to be significantly lower in the red blood cells from grey than that of red kangaroos. | 1977 | 590437 |
| fracture repair in a red kangaroo. | | 1977 | 585532 |
| the behaviour of red kangaroos (megaleia rufa) on hot summer days. | to investigate the functional significance of the behaviour of large mammals in hot, arid conditions, field observations were made of the behaviour of red kangaroos. the behaviour of individual animals was recorded in detail during hot summer days and measurements of the prevailing temperature and radiation environment were made. changes in the postures adopted by animals during the day are described in relation to environmental conditions; and the occurrence of certain postures and behaviours a ... | 1976 | 936790 |
| survey of neoplasia in red kangaroos (macropus rufus), 1992-2002, in a zoological collection. | an increase in the proportion of cases with neoplasia observed in a collection of captive red kangaroos (macropus rufus) when compared with historical records and the paucity of reported neoplasms in kangaroos in the literature prompted a 10-yr review of all red kangaroo necropsies. individual necropsy, medical, and inventory records for all kangaroos at the kansas city zoo were reviewed for the period 1 january 1992 to 31 december 2002. two squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, two mamma ... | 2007 | 17679506 |
| ventilation patterns in red kangaroos (macropus rufus desmarest): juveniles work harder than adults at thermal extremes, but extract more oxygen per breath at thermoneutrality. | juvenile mortalities in large mammals are usually associated with environmental extremes, but the basis for this vulnerability is often unclear. because of their high surface area to volume ratio, juveniles are expected to suffer greater thermal stresses relative to adults. coping with thermal stress requires the ventilatory system to accommodate increases in oxygen demand and respiratory water loss at thermal extremes. because juveniles are smaller than adults, these demands may set up differen ... | 2007 | 17644687 |
| unexplained differences in the erythrocytic ouabain-sensitive and insensitive adenosine triphosphatase activity between grey and red kangaroos. | | 1975 | 240627 |
| molluscum contagiosum in a red kangaroo. | | 1974 | 4451533 |
| forelimb blood flow and saliva spreading in the thermoregulation of the red kangaroo, megaleia rufa. | | 1974 | 4153851 |
| the restraint of red kangaroos using etorphine-acepromazine and etorphine-methotrimeprazine mixtures. | | 1974 | 4447529 |
| the nuclei of the cochlear nerve of the red kangaroo, megaleia rufus. | | 1973 | 4791638 |
| isolation of rugopharynx delta from a wallaby (macropus rufus). | | 1972 | 4661008 |
| studies on marsupial proteins. iv. amino acid sequence of myoglobin from the red kangaroo, megaleia rufa. | | 1971 | 5553675 |
| should managed populations be monitored every year? | we often need to estimate the size of wild populations to determine the appropriate management action, for example, to set a harvest quota. monitoring is usually planned under the assumption that it must be carried out at fixed intervals in time, typically annually, before the harvest quota is set. however, monitoring can be very expensive, and we should weigh the cost of monitoring against the improvement that it makes in decision making. a less costly alternative to monitoring annually is to p ... | 2006 | 16711064 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in red kangaroos. | | 2004 | 15354854 |
| how important is milk for near-weaned red kangaroos ( macropus rufus) fed different forages? | red kangaroos (macropus rufus) are large (>20 kg) herbivorous marsupials common to the arid and semi-arid regions of inland australia, where drought is frequent. young-at-foot (yaf) red kangaroos are the age/size class usually most affected by drought. kangaroos at this yaf stage are making the transition from a milk-based diet to one of herbivory and an inability to adequately digest high-fibre feeds may contribute to their high mortalities during drought. we examined the role of milk in the nu ... | 2003 | 12624652 |
| inhibition of ovulation by the corpus luteum in the red kangaroo, megaleia rufa. | | 1967 | 6068582 |
| changes in milk composition of the red kangaroo, megaleia rufa (desmarest), during lactation. | | 1967 | 6067636 |
| a specific protein difference in the milk from two mammary glands of a red kangaroo. | | 1966 | 6008522 |
| specific milk proteins associated with resumption of development by the quiescent blastocyst of the lactating red kangaroo. | | 1966 | 5949521 |
| a biometric analysis of the chromosomes of the marsupials--macropus major, macropus rufus and potorous tridactylis. | | 1965 | 14332557 |
| [on a finding of hepatotaenia festiva (rudolphi 1819) in the bile ducts of a red kangaroo (macropus rufus desm.)]. | | 1960 | 14443486 |
| a new species of coccidia of the red kangaroo macropus rufus mamm. | | 1960 | 13737734 |
| on the anatomy of macropus rufus. | | 1897 | 17232282 |
| response of the parotid gland of red kangaroos, macropus rufus, to phenylephrine stimulation. | intracarotid infusions of l-phenylephrine at 1.0 or 10 nmol kg(-1) min(-1) were accompanied by increases in salivary amylase activity, protein, potassium, magnesium and chloride relative to cholinergically-stimulated saliva. intravenous infusions of phenylephrine at the same dose rates had a lesser effect on salivary composition particularly protein. propranolol administered with phenylephrine via the carotid artery, at an antagonist/agonist ratio of 10:1, was much more effective in blocking the ... | 2003 | 12507622 |
| effect of adrenergic antagonists during phenylephrine stimulation of the mandibular gland of red kangaroos, macropus rufus. | intracarotid infusions of l-phenylephrine at 1.0 nmol.kg(-1).min(-1) or(.)10 nmol.kg(-1).min(-1) were accompanied by increases in salivary protein, urea, magnesium and bicarbonate, and by decreases in osmolality, hydrogen ion activity, sodium, potassium and chloride relative to cholinergically stimulated saliva. intravenous infusions of phenylephrine at the same dose rates had much less effect on salivary composition with the differences between the routes of administration being greatest for th ... | 2002 | 12122456 |
| salivary secretion during selective beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation and blockade in the parotid gland of red kangaroos, macropus rufus. | intracarotid infusions of noradrenaline (0.3 nmol.kg(-1) x min(-1)) stimulated salivary fluid secretion and caused increases in salivary concentrations of protein, potassium. magnesium. chloride and phosphate, and decreases in bicarbonate. these effects of intracarotid noradrenaline were not reduced by simultaneous intracarotid infusion of phentolamine (3.0 nmol.kg(-1) x min(-1)) but were significantly greater than the responses accompanying intravenous noradrenaline infusion. concomitant admini ... | 2002 | 11824402 |
| thermoregulation in juvenile red kangaroos (macropus rufus) after pouch exit: higher metabolism and evaporative water requirements. | the population dynamics of red kangaroos (macropus rufus) in the australian arid zone is tightly linked with environmental factors, which partly operate via the survival of juvenile animals. a crucial stage is the young-at-foot (yaf) stage when kangaroos permanently exit the pouch. we have examined the thermal biology of yaf red kangaroos during ages from permanent pouch exit until weaning. over a wide range of environmental temperatures (ambient temperature [t(a)] -5 degrees to 45 degrees c), y ... | 2006 | 11731983 |
| secretion of whey acidic protein and cystatin is down regulated at mid-lactation in the red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | milk collected from the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) between day 100 and 260 of lactation showed major changes in milk composition at around day 200 of lactation, the time at which the pouch young begins to temporarily exit the pouch and eat herbage. the carbohydrate content of milk declined abruptly at this time and although there was only a small increase in total protein content, sds page analysis of milk revealed asynchrony in the secretory pattern of individual proteins. the levels of alph ... | 2001 | 11440871 |
| selective stimulation and blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors in the mandibular gland of the red kangaroo, macropus rufus. | intracarotid infusions of noradrenaline (0.15 nmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) either alone or accompanied by phentolamine (1.5 nmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) caused similar-sized increases in salivary protein, magnesium and bicarbonate, and decreases in osmolality, sodium, potassium and chloride whereas intravenous noradrenaline stimulated much smaller responses. concurrent infusions of the beta1-antagonist, cgp20712a, blocked these noradrenaline-induced changes in salivary composition more effectively than ... | 2000 | 11192265 |
| effect of beta-antagonists on isoprenaline-induced secretion of fluid, amylase and protein by the parotid gland of the red kangaroo, macropus rufus. | selective and non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonists were used to block the increases in fluid, protein and amylase secretion caused by sympathomimetic stimulation of the parotid gland of red kangaroos during intracarotid infusion of isoprenaline. ici118551 at antagonist/agonist ratios up to 300:1 caused increasing but incomplete blockade of fluid secretion, and protein/amylase release. atenolol at antagonist/agonist ratios up to 300:1 was only marginally more potent than ici118551 at block ... | 2000 | 10825691 |
| enzyme activity in parotid and mandibular saliva from red kangaroos, macropus rufus. | parotid and mandibular saliva was obtained from red kangaroos by concurrent acetylcholine isoprenaline stimulation. salivary proteins were separated by horizontal electrophoresis on either cellulose acetate or starch gels and assessed by specific staining techniques for 23 enzymes commonly found in mammalian tissues and body fluids. parotid saliva was positive for acid phosphatase, alpha-amylase, carbonic anhydrase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and superoxide dismuta ... | 1998 | 9783823 |
| the effect of transport-blocking drugs on secretion of fluid and electrolytes by the mandibular gland of red kangaroos, macropus rufus. | mechanisms of primary fluid formation by macropodine mandibular glands were investigated in anaesthetized red kangaroos using ion-transport and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. bumetanide at carotid plasma concentrations of 0.005-0.1 mmol/l progressively reduced a stable, acetylcholine-evoked flow rate of 1.02 +/- 0.024 ml/min to 0.16 +/- 0.016 ml/min (mean +/- sem). concurrently, saliva [na], [cl] and osmolality decreased, [k] and [hco3] increased and hco3 excretion was unaffected. high-rate chol ... | 2013 | 9447260 |
| mechanisms of fluid and ion secretion by the parotid gland of the kangaroo, macropus rufus, assessed by administration of transport-inhibiting drugs. | possible mechanisms of primary fluid formation by macropodine parotid glands were investigated in anaesthetized red kangaroos using ion transport inhibitors. carotid plasma amiloride concentrations of 0.05-0.5 mmol.l-1 progressively reduced a stable acetylcholine-evoked half-maximal flow rate of 2.0 +/- 0.04 to 0.22 +/- 0.024 ml.min-1 (mean +/- sem). concurrently, saliva bicarbonate concentration and secretion fell (135 +/- 1.6 to 67 +/- 1.7 mmol.l-1 and 272 +/- 7.6 to 15 +/- 2.6 mumol.min-1, re ... | 1995 | 8576452 |
| the effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on secretion by the parotid and mandibular glands of red kangaroos macropus rufus. | the effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on secretion by macropodine parotid and mandibular glands were investigated using anaesthetized red kangaroos. in the parotid gland, acetazolamide (500 mumol.l-1) reduced a stable acetylcholine-evoked, half-maximal flow rate of 2.02 +/- 0.034 to 0.27 +/- 0.023 ml.min-1 (87% reduction). concurrently, salivary bicarbonate concentration and secretion fell (129.4 +/- 1.46 to 80.9 +/- 1.63 mmol.l-1 and 264.8 +/- 7.96 to 22.3 +/- 2.30 mumol.min-1, respectiv ... | 1991 | 1783692 |
| suspected lysosomal storage disease in kangaroos. | a probable neurovisceral lysosomal storage disease is reported, for the first time, in immature red and grey kangaroos (macropus rufus and m. giganteus). foamy, pale eosinophilic, periodic acid-schiff positive, intracytoplasmic material was stored in the liver, lymphoid tissue, kidney, adrenal gland, stomach, blood vessels and central nervous system. extensive wallerian-type degeneration was present in the central nervous system. electron microscopic study of one animal revealed electron dense, ... | 1990 | 2338732 |
| salivation in the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) during sympathetic nerve stimulation. | 1. continuous electrical stimulation at low frequency (5 hz) and short pulse duration (500 microseconds) of the cervical sympathetic trunk for periods up to 15 min caused no obvious flow from the parotid or mandibular glands of the red kangaroo. 2. higher frequencies combined with longer pulse durations caused both glands to secrete. flow reached maximum in less than 3 min and then declined but, on cessation of stimulation, flow increased again for a short period. this flow response may be cause ... | 1989 | 2566416 |
| calcium carbonate obstructive urolithiasis in a red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | a 6-yr-old male red kangaroo (macropus rufus) presented for a history of inappetance, abnormal behavior, and unconfirmed elimination for 6 hr prior to presentation. based on abdominal ultrasound, abdominocentesis, and cystocentesis, a presumptive diagnosis of urinary tract obstruction with uroabdomen and hydronephrosis was reached. abdominal radiographs did not assist in reaching an antemortem diagnosis. postmortem examination confirmed a urinary bladder rupture secondary to urethral obstruction ... | 2013 | 23505728 |
| amylase activity, protein and urea in saliva of the red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | parotid and mandibular salivas, produced at flow rates of 0.055 +/- 0.0038 to 4.45 +/- 0.101 and 0.052 +/- 0.0059 to 4.30 +/- 0.072 ml min-1 respectively by intracarotid infusion of acetylcholine or methacholine, were analysed. during acetylcholine stimulation, the protein concentration ranged from 86.4 +/- 10.17 to 235.0 +/- 23.5 mg l-1 in parotid and from 102.9 +/- 11.54 to 379.6 +/- 38.01 mg l-1 in mandibular saliva. the minimum protein concentrations in parotid and mandibular salivas occurre ... | 1987 | 2452626 |
| effects of flow rate, duration of stimulation and mineralocorticoids on the electrolyte concentrations of mandibular saliva from the red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | mandibular saliva was collected at eight flow rates ranging between 0.052 +/- 0.0059 (s.e. of mean) and 4.294 +/- 0.0717 ml min-1 from anaesthetized red kangaroos receiving ipsilateral intracarotid infusions of acetylcholine. the concentrations of sodium (4.04 +/- 0.759 to 75.9 +/- 4.64 mmol l-1) and chloride (51.2 +/- 2.46 to 85.0 +/- 6.90 mmol l-1) and the osmolality (99.7 +/- 4.88 to 178.9 +/- 13.50 mosmol kg-1) were positively correlated with salivary flow rate over most or all of the flow r ... | 1986 | 3805995 |
| electrolyte composition of parotid saliva from sodium-replete red kangaroos (macropus rufus). | saliva was collected from the parotid salivary gland of anaesthetized sodium-replete red kangaroos (macropus rufus) by catheterization of the parotid duct through its opening in the mouth. salivary secretion was stimulated by ipsilateral intracarotid infusion of acetylcholine at varying rates to produce salivary flow rates ranging from 0.056 +/- 0.0042 (s.e. of mean) to 4.509 +/- 0.1136 ml min-1. the concentrations of sodium (142.2 +/- 1.93 to 157.0 +/- 1.17 mmol l-1), calcium (40.1 +/- 7.08 to ... | 1984 | 6491590 |
| morphological observations on the diapausing blastocyst of some macropodid marsupials. | diapausing blastocysts from the uteri of females of 11 macropodid species were fixed, torn, flattened and stained for examination of the protoderm. the protoderm remained undifferentiated and unilaminar throughout diapause. the number of cells in the protoderm did not vary with age in macropus rufus or m. eugenii. protoderm cell number decreased slightly with age in m. rufogriseus banksianus and appeared to decrease in potorous tridactylus. the diameter of the shell did not change appreciably wi ... | 1981 | 7205794 |
| the nuclei of the vestibular nerve of the red kangaroo, megaleia rufus. | the preceeding account describes vestibular nuclei of the kangaroo which conform to the general mammalian pattern. certain pecularities such as subdivisions of the medial vestibular nuclei are reported but cannot be assigned functional importance. the four major vestibular nuclei and the cerebellum receive vestibular root fibers in like manner as in other mammalian brains. the nuclear patterns and the secondary connections of the vestibular complex in the kangaroo are likewise consistent with th ... | 1976 | 965720 |
| haematology and blood chemistry of the red kangaroo megaleia rufa in captivity. | haematology and biochemistry was performed to establish base line values on not less than 30 samples of blood and serum from 10 red kangaroos megaleia rufa held in captivity. the kangaroos were apparently healthy. ranges for results were: haemoglobin 16-18 gm/100 ml, pcv 46-51%, erythrocytes 4.9 - 5.7 times 10(6)/mm3. mcv 86-98 mum3, mch 30-34 pg, mchc 34-36%, leucocytes 3.8 - 7.1 times 10(3)/mm3, neutrophils 2.0 - 4.7 times 10(3)/mm3, lymphocytes 1.2 - 2.4 times 10(3)/mm3, monocytes 0.1 - 0.3 t ... | 1975 | 1164287 |