| nematodes associated with iguana iguana (linnaeus, 1758) (squamata, iguanidae) in semi-arid areas of northeastern brazil. | nematodes were analyzed in iguana iguana, a large lizard iguanidae that is widely distributed throughout the americas. the aims of the study were investigate the helminths associated with the lizard, i. iguana in semi-arid areas of northeastern brazil and analyze the parasitological indices (prevalence, and mean intensity of infection). a total of 18 specimens of i. iguana were examined (8 males and 10 females). the overall prevalence of infection was 66.6% (12/18), while in males, it was 75% (6 ... | 2016 | 27683813 |
| cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a green iguana (iguana iguana). | cerebral phaeohyphomycosis was diagnosed in a 4-year-old green iguana (iguana iguana) with paroxysmal spastic paralysis of all limbs and circling motion. formalin-fixed tissues were collected at necropsy examination and submitted for evaluation. the left cerebrum and the left ventricle were replaced by a solid brown coloured mass. microscopical examination revealed the presence of necrotizing and granulomatous encephalitis affecting the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem, with severe vasculitis ... | 2010 | 20040390 |
| light perception in the vertebrate brain: an ultrastructural analysis of opsin- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive neurons in iguanid lizards. | recent biochemical and immunocytochemical evidence indicates that a population of circadian and reproductive rhythm-entraining photoreceptors lies in the basal diencephalon of iguanid lizards. here, we report the results of correlated light and electron microscopy of opsin-immunoreactive cells in the basal brain, and we discuss their ultrastructural relationship to known photoreceptors. cerebrospinal fluid (csf)-contacting bipolar neurons in the lizards anolis carolinensis and iguana iguana were ... | 1996 | 8731227 |
| vascular patterns in iguanas and other squamates: blood vessels and sites of thermal exchange. | squamates use the circulatory system to regulate body and head temperatures during both heating and cooling. the flexibility of this system, which possibly exceeds that of endotherms, offers a number of physiological mechanisms to gain or retain heat (e.g., increase peripheral blood flow and heart rate, cooling the head to prolong basking time for the body) as well as to shed heat (modulate peripheral blood flow, expose sites of thermal exchange). squamates also have the ability to establish and ... | 2015 | 26466378 |
| a new look at relationships between size at maturity and asymptotic size. | comparative studies have revealed positive correlations between size at maturity and asymptotic size in several taxa with asymptotic growth after maturity. using a simple growth model, we show that positive correlations between size at maturity and asymptotic size are predicted for different individuals in the same species if growth costs of reproduction are inversely related to size at maturity. several processes might lead to higher growth costs of reproduction for smaller individuals; these i ... | 1998 | 18811453 |
| comparative genomics of campylobacter iguaniorum to unravel genetic regions associated with reptilian hosts. | campylobacter iguaniorum is most closely related to the species c fetus, c hyointestinalis, and c lanienae reptiles, chelonians and lizards in particular, appear to be a primary reservoir of this campylobacter species. here we report the genome comparison of c iguaniorum strain 1485e, isolated from a bearded dragon (pogona vitticeps), and strain 2463d, isolated from a green iguana (iguana iguana), with the genomes of closely related taxa, in particular with reptile-associated c fetus subsp. test ... | 2016 | 27604878 |
| soft tissue influence on ex vivo mobility in the hip of iguana: comparison with in vivo movement and its bearing on joint motion of fossil sprawling tetrapods. | the reconstruction of a joint's maximum range of mobility (rom) often is a first step when trying to understand the locomotion of fossil tetrapods. but previous studies suggest that the rom of a joint is restricted by soft tissues surrounding the joint. to expand the limited informative value of rom studies for the reconstruction of a fossil species' locomotor characteristics, it is moreover necessary to better understand the relationship of ex vivo rom with the actual in vivo joint movement. to ... | 2014 | 24762236 |
| sleep and wakefulness in iguanid lizards, ctenosaura pectinata and iguana iguana. | | 1973 | 4802023 |
| collection and characterization of semen from green iguanas (iguana iguana). | to determine an efficient method for the collection of semen samples by means of electroejaculation, characterize spermatozoa quality and quantity, and determine the effect of refrigerated storage on motility of spermatozoa obtained from green iguanas (iguana iguana). | 2013 | 24274892 |
| comparative evaluation of the cadaveric and computed tomographic features of the coelomic cavity in the green iguana (iguana iguana), black and white tegu (tupinambis merianae) and bearded dragon (pogona vitticeps). | contrast-enhanced computed tomographic studies of the coelomic cavity in four green iguanas, four black and white tegus and four bearded dragons were performed using a conventional ct scanner. anatomical reference cross sections were obtained from four green iguana, four black and white tegu and six bearded dragon cadavers; the specimens were stored in a -20°c freezer for 24 h then sliced into 5-mm intervals. the frozen sections were cleaned with water and photographed on both sides. the individ ... | 2013 | 23410482 |
| assessments of thermal antinociceptive effects of butorphanol and human observer effect on quantitative evaluation of analgesia in green iguanas (iguana iguana). | to determine whether butorphanol induces thermal antinociception in green iguanas (iguana iguana) and assess the human observer effect on quantitative evaluation of butorphanol-induced analgesia. | 2012 | 23013175 |
| nitrogen excretion during embryonic development of the green iguana, iguana iguana (reptilia; squamata). | development within the cleidoic egg of birds and reptiles presents the embryo with the problem of accumulation of wastes from nitrogen metabolism. ammonia derived from protein catabolism is converted into the less toxic product urea or relatively insoluble uric acid. the pattern of nitrogen excretion of the green iguana, iguana iguana, was determined during embryonic development using samples from allantoic fluid and from the whole homogenized egg, and in hatchlings and adults using samples of b ... | 2012 | 22710252 |
| comparative evaluation of the cadaveric, radiographic and computed tomographic anatomy of the heads of green iguana (iguana iguana), common tegu (tupinambis merianae) and bearded dragon (pogona vitticeps). | radiology and computed tomography are the most commonly available diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of pathologies affecting the head and skull in veterinary practice. nevertheless, accurate interpretation of radiographic and ct studies requires a thorough knowledge of the gross and the cross-sectional anatomy. despite the increasing success of reptiles as pets, only a few reports over their normal imaging features are currently available. the aim of this study is to describe the normal cadaver ... | 2012 | 22578088 |
| fecal glucocorticoid response to environmental stressors in green iguanas (iguana iguana). | quantification of glucocorticoid metabolites in feces has been shown to be a powerful tool in evaluating well-being in vertebrates. little is known however about the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stressors, and consequent glucocorticoid excretion, in reptiles. in a longitudinal study, fecal corticosterone metabolite (fcm) levels in green iguanas (iguana iguana) were quantified during periods of rest and exposure to hypothesized stressors. fcm quantification was combined with be ... | 2012 | 22414390 |
| selected cardiopulmonary values and baroreceptor reflex in conscious green iguanas (iguana iguana). | to determine selected cardiopulmonary values and baroreceptor response in conscious green iguanas (iguana iguana) and to evaluate the use of blood gas analysis and pulse oximetry in this species. | 2011 | 22023131 |
| diagnosis and management of lymphoma in a green iguana (iguana iguana). | case description-a 2-year-old female green iguana was examined for anorexia and swelling and pain on palpation in the cranial cervical area. clinical findings-marked soft tissue swelling in the cranial cervical area with corresponding cystic swellings in the pharynx were noted. the iguana was considered to be 50% under the expected body weight, given diet and husbandry conditions. the wbc count was markedly elevated, characterized by heterophilia and lymphocytosis. surgical exploration of the cr ... | 2011 | 21961640 |
| cutaneous melanophoroma in a green iguana (iguana iguana). | an adult, male, green iguana (iguana iguana) of unknown age was presented with a history of an enlarging, dark, skin mass in the right axillary region. the mass was excised because neoplasia was suspected. impression smears of the cut surface of the mass were prepared for cytologic examination, and the mass was fixed for histologic examination. the impression smears contained numerous, discrete, pigmented, neoplastic cells consistent with melanin-producing neoplastic chromatophores. histologic f ... | 2006 | 16511799 |
| evaluation of the use of technetium tc 99m diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid and technetium tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid for scintigraphic imaging of the kidneys in green iguanas (iguana iguana). | to evaluate the use of scintigraphy involving technetium tc 99m diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid ((99m)tc-dtpa) or technetium tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid ((99m)tc-dmsa) for the determination of kidney morphology and function in green iguanas (iguana iguana). | 2005 | 15691041 |
| alfaxalone anaesthesia in the green iguana (iguana iguana). | to characterise the anaesthetic effects of alfaxalone administered intramuscularly (im) at 10, 20, and 30 mg kg(-1) . | 2011 | 21831051 |
| incomplete ovariosalpingectomy and subsequent malignant granulosa cell tumor in a female green iguana (iguana iguana). | a 9-year-old spayed female green iguana (iguana iguana) was evaluated because of a distended coelom and weight loss. history included a single episode of egg binding and subsequent bilateral ovariosalpingectomy. | 2011 | 21756181 |
| allometric scaling of kidney function in green iguanas. | numerous physiological parameters, such as metabolic rate and glomerular filtration rate (gfr), are allometrically related to body mass. whereas the interspecific relationships between metabolic rate and body mass have been extensively studied in vertebrates, intraspecific studies of renal function have been limited. therefore, kidney function was studied in 16 green iguanas, (iguana iguana; 322-4764 g), by using nuclear scintigraphy to measure the renal uptake of 99mtc-diethylenetriamine pentaa ... | 2004 | 15313494 |
| the ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of the lizard iguana iguana (reptilia, squamata, iguanidae) and the variability of sperm morphology among iguanian lizards. | the spermatozoon of iguana iguana is filiform and resembles that of other iguanian lizards, being most similar to tropidurus. all sperm synapomorphies of tetrapoda, amniota and squamata are present in the sperm of iguana iguana. by reconstructing the evolution of 30 sperm characters we identified a novel synapomorphy of iguania: the presence of a well-developed acrosomal ridge at the level of the epinuclear lucent zone. because of the poor topological resolution among iguanian clades we could no ... | 2004 | 15198687 |
| cannabis intoxication in three green iguanas (iguana iguana). | this report describes clinical signs and plasma biochemical changes associated with significant cannabis consumption in three green iguanas (iguana iguana) which resulted in seizures, cardiovascular and digestive tract aberrations, elevated hepatic enzymes and bile acid concentrations for a number of weeks post recovery. one case required extensive antiseizuring therapy to recover. all green iguanas eventually made a full recovery. | 2011 | 21265851 |
| ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinomas in a green iguana (iguana iguana). | the clinical, gross morphological and histological characteristics of bilateral ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinomas in an adult female green iguana (iguana iguana) are documented in this report. histologically, the tumour consisted of an invasive mass of small glandular structures, irregular arboriform papillae and cystic structures arising from the ovarian surface epithelium. metastatic implants were extensively disseminated along the serosa of the coelomic viscera, mesentery and fat bodies. ... | 2007 | 15003484 |
| pharmacokinetics of meloxicam following intravenous and oral administration in green iguanas (iguana iguana). | to determine pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in healthy green iguanas following po and iv administration and assess potential toxicity. | 2010 | 21034318 |
| comparison of an implantable telemetry device and an oscillometric monitor for measurement of blood pressure in anaesthetized and unrestrained green iguanas (iguana iguana). | the objective of this study was to compare an implanted direct blood pressure monitor and a non-invasive oscillometric unit for use in anesthetized and awake green iguanas. | 2010 | 20712610 |
| the somatic chromosomes of 3 lizard species: gekko gecko, iguana iguana, and crotaphytus collaris. | | 1967 | 6062904 |
| [evaluation of a number of commercial diets for iguana (iguana iguana), bearded dragons (pogona vitticeps), and land and marsh tortoises]. | fifteen commercially available, complete diets for iguanas, bearded dragons, and chelonians were analysed and compared with the ideal composition of a diet formulated by the authors. the clinical risks of feeding with a too high or a too low content of specific nutrients are described. nutrient deficiencies are not expected if these diets are the sole source of nutrients. however, one diet had only a marginally adequate protein content, five diets for herbivorous reptiles contained a too low per ... | 2003 | 14535069 |
| gastrointestinal obstruction caused by a radiolucent foreign body in a green iguana (iguana iguana). | this report describes an intestinal obstruction in a green iguana (iguana iguana). the patient was presented with vomiting and subtle signs of abdominal pain. radiographs and ultrasound imaging did not reveal any abnormalities. a coeliotomy was performed and a 30-cm piece of absorbent cotton was removed surgically from the large intestine. | 2010 | 20676294 |
| plasma protein electrophoresis of trachemys scripta and iguana iguana. | protein electrophoresis is widely applied in veterinary medicine, but is not used often in reptiles, in part because of lack of reference values. | 2010 | 20059755 |
| imaging diagnosis-follicular torsion in a green iguana (iguana iguana) with involvment of the left adrenal gland. | | 2016 | 12174997 |
| determination of lead and zinc concentrations in the blood and liver of the captive common green iguana (iguana iguana). | heavy metal toxicosis is a well-known phenomenon in wild, captive-animal, and domestic animal medicine. however, the occurrence among reptiles is not well documented. one reason for this is the lack of information regarding reference blood and tissue levels of heavy metals in reptiles. to determine normal blood lead, plasma zinc, and liver lead and zinc concentrations, blood and liver samples were collected from 4 adult and 16 juvenile, healthy green iguanas (iguana iguana). lead and zinc levels ... | 2009 | 19746865 |
| comparison of co(2) laser and 4.0 mhz radiosurgery for making incisions in the skin and muscles of green iguanas (iguana iguana). | four green iguanas scheduled for euthanasia were used to compare the extent of collateral tissue damage associated with co(2) laser and 4.0 mhz radiosurgery. the iguanas were anaesthetised and a series of three skin and three muscle incisions was made by 4.0 mhz radiosurgery (0.18 mm wire electrode, 25 w, cut mode) and co(2) laser (0.3 mm ceramic tip, 15 w focused beam super-pulse mode), and three incisions were made with a scalpel blade as controls. following euthanasia, a total of 60 skin and ... | 2009 | 19122216 |
| variations of plasma protein electrophoresis in healthy captive green iguanas (iguana iguana). | serum or plasma protein electrophoresis is used as a routine test for health assessment in veterinary medicine, but there are only a limited number of studies regarding clinical use of electrophoresis in reptile species. | 2015 | 25639702 |
| aural-pharyngeal polyps associated with cryptosporidium infection in three iguanas (iguana iguana). | cryptosporidium spp. infection was associated with aural-pharyngeal polyps in three iguanas (iguana iguana). all iguanas were presented for masses protruding from the ear canal, and the disease was characterized by a chronic clinical course. the masses consisted of nests of cystic glands surrounded by abundant fibrous connective tissue and lined by hyperplastic cuboidal to pseudostratified columnar epithelium that was moderately to heavily colonized by cryptosporidial organisms. electron microsc ... | 2001 | 11280385 |
| echocardiographic and radiographic findings in a cohort of healthy adult green iguanas (iguana iguana). | to describe characteristics of echocardiography and cranial coelomic radiography in a cohort of iguanas. | 2014 | 25127666 |
| effects of lipopolysaccharide and acclimation temperature on induced behavioral fever in juvenile iguana iguana. | we examined the effects of acclimation temperature and two doses (2.5 and 25mgkg(-1)) of a pyrogen (lipopolysaccharide, lps) on behavioral thermoregulation in juvenile green iguanas. overall means of body temperatures for the three-day trial periods were compared among three groups of animals acclimated at 15, 25, and 34 degrees c. the responses of each group of animals to the two dosages of lps and a control saline injection were examined. within each treatment block, animals either chose high ... | 2001 | 11070345 |
| evaluation of liver parenchyma and perfusion using dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in captive green iguanas (iguana iguana) under general anesthesia. | contrast-enhanced diagnostic imaging techniques are considered useful in veterinary and human medicine to evaluate liver perfusion and focal hepatic lesions. although hepatic diseases are a common occurrence in reptile medicine, there is no reference to the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (ceus) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (cect) to evaluate the liver in lizards. therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of change in echogenicity and attenuation of the liver ... | 2014 | 24885935 |
| circadian rhythm of erg in iguana iguana: role of the pineal. | in green iguanas, the pineal controls the circadian rhythm of body temperature but not the rhythm of locomotor activity. as part of a program to investigate the characteristics of this multioscillator circadian system, the authors studied the circadian rhythms of the electroretinographic response (erg) and asked whether the pineal gland is necessary for the expression of this rhythm. ergs from a total of 24 anesthetized juvenile iguanas were recorded under four different conditions: (a) complete ... | 2000 | 10762034 |
| effects of hemolysis on plasma electrolyte and chemistry values in the common green iguana (iguana iguana). | hemolysis of serum and plasma samples is a common problem in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. we measured the effects of hemolysis on nine plasma analytes in 10 clinically normal common green iguanas (iguana iguana). blood samples with moderate and marked hemolysis were produced from each iguana by freezing, centrifuging, and decanting plasma from a portion of each blood sample, and combining the nonhemolyzed plasma with different amounts of hemolyzed plasma from the same individual. moderate ... | 1999 | 10572866 |
| igh-2 cells: a reptilian model for apoptotic studies. | regulation of proper cell number in tissues depends upon a balance between cell proliferation and cell death. the process of apoptosis has thus far been studied in a variety of multicellular organisms from humans to higher plants. in order to broaden our perspective and identify another metazoan system with which to deepen our understanding of the function and evolution of the apoptotic machinery, we have characterized cell death in a reptilian cell line. we show that the death of igh-2 iguana ( ... | 2005 | 15621521 |
| green iguana nephrology: a review of diagnostic techniques. | there is still much to learn about renal physiology and pathophysiology in reptiles. in the case of the green iguana, initiating causes are often inferred from poor husbandry and nutrition, or extrapolated from histopathologic interpretations made late in the course of the disease, or at postmortem. the link between parathyroid hormone and renal disease in humans has been well documented and, given the high prevalence of clinical (and subclinical) secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism in igu ... | 2003 | 12616842 |
| investigations on blood coagulation in the green iguana (iguana iguana). | the prothrombin time (pt), activated partial thromboplastin time (aptt), thrombin time, kaolin clotting time (kct), dilute russell's viper venom time (drvvt) and reptilase time, as well as five different plasma fibrinogen assays [gravimetry, jacobsson method (extinction at 280 nm), millar method (heat precipitation), kinetic turbidometry, clauss method] and resonance thrombography were performed in 26 clinically healthy green iguanas. all assays were carried out in comparison with pooled normal ... | 2002 | 12069264 |
| characterization of the renal portal system of the common green iguana (iguana iguana) by digital subtraction imaging. | digital subtraction angiography was used to map the venous blood flow from the pelvic limb and the tail in the common green iguana (iguana iguana). the majority of blood returning from the pelvic limb bypassed the kidney and entered the general circulation, whereas venous blood flow from the tail entered the renal portal circulation. no evidence was found of a renal portal valve. | 1999 | 10484138 |
| growth and morphometrics of green iguanas (iguana iguana) fed four levels of dietary protein. | | 1998 | 9868210 |
| effects of allopurinol on plasma uric acid levels in normouricaemic and hyperuricaemic green iguanas (iguana iguana). | a two-phase cross-over therapeutic study was performed with 19 green iguanas (iguana iguana) maintained within a preferred optimum temperature range of 26 to 37 degrees c. during phase 1, they were fed a normal vegetarian diet and medicated orally with either allopurinol or a placebo control once a day for seven days. uric acid concentrations, total protein, packed-cell volumes (pcv) and bodyweights were recorded from each lizard before and after treatment to determine the effects of allopurinol ... | 2008 | 18223267 |
| aural polyp associated with cryptosporidiosis in an iguana (iguana iguana). | | 1998 | 9576347 |
| multioscillatory circadian organization in a vertebrate, iguana iguana. | the lizard iguana iguana when kept in constant ambient temperature displays endogenously generated circadian rhythms of body temperature and locomotor activity. although surgical removal of the parietal eye has only slight effects on overt circadian rhythmicity, subsequent pinealectomy completely abolishes the rhythm of body temperature. however, the rhythm of locomotor activity is only slightly affected by parietalectomy plus pinealectomy. our results demonstrate that the pineal complex is cent ... | 1998 | 9437030 |
| cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of propofol administered intraosseously to green iguanas. | to determine cardiopulmonary effects of intraosseous administration of propofol in green iguanas (iguana iguana). | 1998 | 9426788 |
| are powerful females powerful enough? acceleration in gravid green iguanas (iguana iguana). | one demand placed exclusively on the musculoskeletal system of females is maintaining locomotor performance with an increasing load over the reproductive cycle. here, we examine whether gravid (i.e., "pregnant") iguanas can increase their force and power production to support, stabilize, and accelerate the additional mass of a clutch of eggs. at any acceleration, gravid iguanas produced very high mechanical power (average total power = 673 w/kg; total peak power = 1175 w/kg). while the increase ... | 2007 | 21672838 |
| dietary fiber influences nutrient utilization, growth and dry matter intake of green iguanas (iguana iguana). | herbivory is an uncommon feeding strategy in lizards. appropriate diet formulations for captive lizards should be based on performance measures, yet few data are available on the effect of plant fiber on food intake, nutrient utilization and growth of captive herbivorous lizards. this study was conducted to determine the effect of three levels of dietary fiber on dry matter intake, nutrient and energy metabolizability and growth rate of the green iguana (iguana iguana). twenty-one captive iguana ... | 1997 | 9237944 |
| evaluation of an endoscopic liver biopsy technique in green iguanas. | to establish a safe and effective endoscopic technique for collection of liver biopsy specimens from lizards by use of a 2.7-mm rigid endoscope system that is commonly available in zoologic veterinary practice. | 2007 | 17571988 |
| [displacements of the green iguana (iguana iguana) (squamata: iguanidae) during the dry season in la palma, veracruz, mexico]. | the green iguana (iguana iguana) is said to be primarily sedentary, although the females travel long distances to nest. displacement patterns must be known to help predict the effects of environmental disturbance on iguanas' survival. we studied nesting season (february-july) movements in la palma, los tuxtlas, veracruz, mexico (18 degrees 33' n, 95 degrees 03' w). individual movements and activity were monitored by radio tracking. the transmitters were implanted surgically in eight adult iguana ... | 2007 | 19069782 |
| lethal ozolaimus megatyphlon infection in a green iguana (iguana iguana rhinolopa). | an imported 2.5-yr-old female green iguana (iguana iguana rhinolopa) kept in greece was presented with a history of anorexia and allotriophagy of 1 mo duration. upon clinical examination, it was cachectic and had severe abdominal distension and fibrous osteodystrophy. despite treatment, it died a month later. on necropsy, massive accumulations of threadlike nematode parasites were observed in the large intestine, identified as ozolaimus megatyphlon, a member of the oxyuridae family of pharyngodo ... | 2007 | 17469289 |
| sleep and wakefulness in the green iguanid lizard (iguana iguana). | the reptile iguana iguana exhibits four states of vigilance: active wakefulness (aw), quiet wakefulness (qw), quiet sleep (qs) and active sleep (as). cerebral activity decreases in amplitude and frequency when passing from wakefulness to qs. both parameters show a slight increase during as. heart rate is at a maximum during aw (43.8+/-7.9 beats/min), decreases to a minimum in qs (25.3+/-3.2 beats/min) and increases in as (36.1+/-5.7 beats/min). tonical and phasical muscular activity is present i ... | 2008 | 17462928 |
| comparison of isoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia after premedication with butorphanol in the green iguana (iguana iguana). | the anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of butorphanol followed by sevoflurane or isoflurane were compared in 23 male green iguanas (iguana iguana). heart and respiratory rates were recorded before administration of butorphanol (2 mg/kg i.m.) and at 30 min after premedication. anesthesia was induced in 12 iguanas (group 1) with isoflurane (5%) and in 11 iguanas (group 2) with sevoflurane (7%). heart rate, relative arterial oxygen hemoglobin saturation (spo2), and end-tidal co2 concentrations ... | 2005 | 17323555 |
| renal evaluation in the healthy green iguana (iguana iguana): assessment of plasma biochemistry, glomerular filtration rate, and endoscopic biopsy. | plasma biochemistry, iohexol clearance, endoscopic renal evaluation, and biopsy were performed in 23 clinically healthy 2-yr-old green iguanas (iguana iguana). mean (+/- sd) values for packed cell volume (30 +/- 3%), total protein (62 +/- 7 g/l, 6.2 +/- 0.7 g/dl), albumin (25 +/- 2 g/l, 2.5 +/- 0.2 g/dl), globulin (37 +/- 6 g/l, 3.7 +/- 0.6 g/ dl), total calcium (3.0 +/- 0.2 mmol/l, 12.0 +/- 0.7 mg/dl), ionized calcium (1.38 +/- 0.1 mmol/l), phosphorus (1.32 +/- 0.28 mmol/l, 4.1 +/- 0.9 mg/dl), ... | 2005 | 17323554 |
| [urolithiasis in a green iguana (iguana iguana)]. | in this report surgery on the urinary bladder of an iguana is documented. clinical signs, palpation and radiography failed to reveal the cause of the illness. during surgery a distended urinary bladder which contained an urolith 3 x 2 cm in size was found and removed. the urinary bladder was closed with a double-layered, non-perforating suture. according to the results of infrared spectroscopy, the urolith consisted of 70% dehydrated uric acid and 30% ammonium hydrogen urate. after removal of th ... | 1994 | 8209372 |
| pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen in the green iguana (iguana iguana) following single intravenous and intramuscular injections. | the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug ketoprofen (ktp) is a commonly used antiinflammatory and analgesic agent in reptile medicine, but no studies documenting its pharmacokinetics in this species have been published. ketoprofen was administered as a racemic mixture to green iguanas (iguana iguana) intravenously (i.v.) and intramuscularly (i.m.) at 2 mg/kg. pharmacokinetic analyses were performed and indicated that ketoprofen in iguanas administered by the intravenous route has a classical two-c ... | 2006 | 17315449 |
| pharmacokinetics of inhaled anesthetics in green iguanas (iguana iguana). | to test the hypothesis that differences in anesthetic uptake and elimination in iguanas would counter the pharmacokinetic effects of blood:gas solubility and thus serve to minimize kinetic differences among inhaled agents. | 2006 | 17014314 |
| comparison of the effect of dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and lithium heparin on hematologic values in the green iguana (iguana iguana). | we compared the effects of dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) and lithium heparin on hematologic values of green iguanas (iguana iguana). thirty-two privately owned sibling iguanas had blood drawn, and the sample was divided into three components: an edta tube, a heparin tube, and a nonanticoagulated blood smear. a full reptilian complete blood count was performed on each anticoagulated sample, and white blood cell (wbc) and leukocyte differential counts were performed on the who ... | 2004 | 15526887 |
| personal experiences in the use of association tiletamine/zolazepam for anaesthesia of the green iguana (iguana iguana). | | 2004 | 15372995 |
| activity of the hypaxial muscles during walking in the lizard iguana iguana. | the role that the hypaxial muscles play in locomotion has been largely ignored by biologists. in tetrapods, there are at least three possibilities. first, the hypaxial muscles might bend the trunk laterally to increase stride length. second, they might stabilize the trunk against the horizontal, lateral and vertical components of the propulsive force. alternatively, they might not be involved in locomotion. this study evaluated these three hypotheses by analyzing the activity of the hypaxial mus ... | 1990 | 2146360 |
| relationship between metabolic bone disease and bone mineral density measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in the green iguana (iguana iguana). | the aim of our work was to study the feasibility of using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to obtain reference bone density values in relation to body weight, gender, and metabolic bone disease in the green iguana. the study was performed on 28 animals. the weight, age, and gender of each iguana were recorded. each lizard was carefully examined and radiographed to detect signs of metabolic bone disease. blood samples were collected from each animal to evaluate ca/p and total protein. all animals ... | 2016 | 15005355 |
| period and phase control in a multioscillatory circadian system (iguana iguana). | the circadian system of the lizard iguana iguana is composed of several independent pacemakers that work in concert: the pineal gland, retinae of the lateral eyes, and a fourth oscillator presumed to be located in the hypothalamus. these pacemakers govern the circadian expression of multiple behaviors and physiological processes, including rhythms in locomotor activity, endogenous body temperature, electroretinogram, and melatonin synthesis. the numerous, easily measurable rhythmic outputs make ... | 2004 | 14964703 |
| diet selection and digestion in iguana iguana: the importance of age and nutrient requirements. | the green iguana, iguana iguana, is herbivorous throughout life, and depends on a microbial fermentation system in the hindgut to degrade plant fiber. because the metabolic rates of lizards are proportional to body mass raised to the 0.80 power, hatchling iguanas have 2x, and juveniles 1.4x, greater relative energy requirements (kjxg body mass-1xday-1) than full-grown adults. growing animals also need a higher protein intake, for contruction of body tissues, than do mature animals. this study in ... | 1984 | 28309412 |
| the cardiovascular dose-response effects of isoflurane alone and combined with butorphanol in the green iguana (iguana iguana). | to assess the cardiovascular effects (arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and metabolic acid-base status) of three doses (mac multiples) of isoflurane alone and combined with butorphanol in the green iguana (iguana iguana). | 2004 | 14756755 |
| pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium after intramuscular or subcutaneous administration in green iguanas (iguana iguana). | to determine the pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium after im and sc administration in green iguanas. | 2003 | 14596466 |
| intraspecific allometry of standard metabolic rate in green iguanas, iguana iguana. | to study the allometric relationship between standard metabolic rate and body mass (mass range 16-3627 g) in green iguanas, iguana iguana (n=32), we measured rates of oxygen consumption (v(o(2))) at 30 degrees c during scotophase. the relationship could be described as: v(o(2))(ml h(-1))=0.478w(0.734). the resulting mass exponent was similar to the 3/4 power commonly used in interspecific curves (p>0.05), but differed from a proposed intraspecific value of 2/3 (p<0.05). the mass exponents of mal ... | 2003 | 14511749 |
| visual subdivisions of the dorsal ventricular ridge of the iguana (iguana iguana) as determined by electrophysiologic mapping. | the dorsal ventricular ridge (dvr) of reptiles is one of two regions of the reptilian telencephalon that receives input from the dorsal thalamus. although studies demonstrate that two visual thalamic nuclei, the dorsal lateral geniculate and rotundus, send afferents to the dorsal cortex and dvr, respectively, relatively little is known about physiologic representations. the present study determined the organization of the visual recipient region of the iguana dvr. microelectrode mapping techniqu ... | 2002 | 12378585 |
| lysine derived cross-links are present in a non-elastin, proline-rich protein fraction of iguana iguana eggshell. | 1. eggshell of iguana iguana contains a variety of lysine-derived cross-linking amino acids apparently identical with some that occur in elastin. 2. quantification of desmosine by amino acid analysis and radioimmunoassay gave estimates of 217 ng per mg and 109 ng per mg (dry weights), respectively. 3. [3h]nabh4 reduction of eggshell protein established presence of lysine-derived aldehydes, allysine and allysine-aldol. 4. enzymatic and chemical treatments indicate these cross-links occur in a non ... | 1982 | 6181935 |
| selective absorption of carotenoids in the common green iguana (iguana iguana). | in the animal kingdom, species-specific differences with regard to the absorption of intact carotenoids are observed. the causes of these differences are not entirely understood. to investigate the absorption of selected carotenoids, 20 juvenile green iguanas (iguana iguana) were fed a carotenoid deficient basal diet for 56 days. thereafter, the iguanas were assigned to receive a basal diet supplemented with different carotenoids (80 mg/kg diet) such as beta-carotene, canthaxanthin and apo-8'-ca ... | 2002 | 12020667 |
| gastrointestinal studies in the green iguana: technique and reference values. | five healthy green iguana (iguana iguana) were used to determine appropriate technique and normal transit times for gastrointestinal contrast studies and to describe normal radiographic anatomy. the animals were maintained at 27-29 degrees c. there was rapid transit through a u shaped stomach, with a median gastric emptying time of 8 h, and median small intestinal transit and small intestine emptying times of 4 h and 16 h respectively. median large colon transit and emptying times were 15 h and ... | 2016 | 11768518 |
| pulmonary oxygen transport during activity in lizards. | oxygen consumption (mo2), effective alveolar ventilation (veff), arterial and alveolar po2 (pao2, pao2) and the alveolar-arterial po2 difference [(a--a)po2] were determined in the lizards varanus exanthematicus and iguana iguana at rest and during treadmill exercise at 35 degrees c. in both species, veff increased more rapidly than mo2 giving rise to an increased pao2. in contrast, pao2 remained unchanged through the highest levels of mo2 attained. as a result, the (a--a)po2 increased with incre ... | 1981 | 7280383 |
| ventilation and acid-base balance during graded activity in lizards. | arterial pco2, hydrogen ion ([h+]a), and lactate ([l]a) concentrations, rates of metabolic co2 production (vco2) and o2 consumption (vo2), and effective alveolar ventilation (veff) were determined in the lizards varanus exanthematicus and iguana iguana at rest and during steady-state treadmill exercise at 35 degrees c. in varanus, vco2 increased ninefold and vo2 sixfold without detectable rise in [l]a at running speeds below 1.0 to 1.5 km x h-1. in this range, veff increased 12-fold resulting in ... | 1981 | 6779642 |
| physiological control of warming and cooling during simulated shuttling and basking in lizards. | differences in warming and cooling rates in basking lizards have long been thought to be brought about by adjustments in heart rate and blood flow. we examined the physiological control of warming and cooling in iguana iguana, sceloporus undulatus, and three species of cordylus by measuring time constants, heart rate, and superficial capillary blood flow. previously, techniques have not been available to measure time constants in shuttling animals. using a combination of rapid measurements of te ... | 2007 | 11517453 |
| scanning electron microscopical study of the lingual epithelium of green iguana (iguana iguana). | during the last few years, green iguanas (iguana iguana) have turned out to be one of the most popular pets. they are omnivorous. in their way of feeding, this crucial function is performed by capturing of the preys and mostly, this is carried out by the tongue. the role of the tongue is also fundamental during the intra-oral transport and during the swallowing of food. this has been reported in several studies about chameleons, agamids and iguanids, nevertheless published data about the mechani ... | 2008 | 18279492 |
| circulating androgen and estrogen concentrations in lizards (iguana iguana). | | 1976 | 992358 |
| nutritional osteodystrophy in captive green iguanas (iguana iguana). | captive lizards fed a variety of vegetarian and carnivorous diets frequently develop severe nutritional osteodystrophy. five hatchling iguanas which were captive for 5 months and fed a diet low in calcium and phosphorus developed clinical signs and lesions typical of nutritional osteodystrophy in captive lizards. they had tetany with severe osteoporosis, pathologic fractures, and cartilaginous diaphyseal enlargements of long bones which either were associated with fractures or with intact bones. ... | 1976 | 823702 |
| phylogeography of the caribbean rock iguana (cyclura): implications for conservation and insights on the biogeographic history of the west indies. | the caribbean rock iguana, cyclura, has had an unstable intrageneric taxonomy and an unclear phylogenetic position within the family iguanidae. we use mtdna sequence data to address these issues and explore the phylogeographic history of the genus. nd4 to leucine trna sequence data were collected from multiple individuals of each of the eight species of cyclura (including 15 of 16 subspecies) and from four localities of iguana iguana (representative of this species' broad geographic range). this ... | 2000 | 11083940 |
| circulatory impairment induced by exercise in the lizard iguana iguana. | mechanical integration of the cardiac, muscular and ventilatory pumps enables mammals to vary cardiac output over a wide range to match metabolic demands. we have found this integration lacking in a lizard (iguana iguana) that differs from mammals because blood flow from the caudal body and ventilation are maximal after, rather than during, exercise. because iguana iguana are constrained from ventilation during intense locomotion, they appear to be unable to recruit the abdomen and thorax as a p ... | 2000 | 10934008 |
| the connections and laminar organization ofthe optic tectum in a reptile (lguana iguana). | the goals of this study were: (1) to describe the total pattern of projections from the optic tectum of iguana iguana and pseudemys scripta; and (2) to describe the contributions of particular lamina of the iguana's optic tectum to this total pattern. lesions were made in the optic tectum of the iguana which damaged either all or only certain tectal laminae and, for comparison with the iguana, lesions in the turtle's optic tectum were made which involved all laminae. the anterograde degeneration ... | 1975 | 1176645 |
| surgical repair of a herniated lung in a common iguana. | | 1973 | 4742094 |
| architectonic studies of the diencephalon of iguana iguana (linnaeus). | | 1973 | 4715300 |
| ventilation and gas exchange in lizards during treadmill exercise. | the extent to which lizards ventilate their lungs during locomotion is controversial. direct measurements of airflow across the nostrils suggest a progressive reduction in tidal volume and minute ventilation with increased running speed, while other studies have demonstrated that arterial po2 remains constant during exercise. to resolve these conflicting findings, we measured minute ventilation and gas exchange rate in five specimens of varanus exanthematicus and five specimens of iguana iguana ... | 1997 | 9359369 |
| electron microscopy observations on a new herpes-type virus isolated from iguana iguana and propagated in reptilian cells in vitro. | ultrastructural observations on a new viral isolate, designated iguana virus, indicate that it is consistently present in intranuclear inclusions, possesses a +/- 115-nm nucleocapsid, ranges from 165 to 300 nm in diameter in the enveloped form, and exhibits cubic symmetry (probably 162 capsomeres). it is concluded that it is a herpes-type virus, the morphological evidence being in agreement with and supporting the biological and physical characteristics presented by clark and karzon. several fin ... | 1972 | 4344304 |
| [pupillary light reflexes in the green iguana (iguana iguana)]. | | 1972 | 4679370 |
| ascending tectal efferent projections in the lizard iguana iguana. | | 1971 | 5135558 |
| the "paranuclear corpuscles" in poikilothermic vertebrates: description of a new species of pirhemocyton in iguana iguana of venezuela, with remarks on the nature of these organisms and their relation to allied parasites. | | 1971 | 5561065 |
| [light and electron microscopic studies of the islets of langerhans in the green iguana (iguana iguana)]. | | 1970 | 4922315 |
| arteriosclerosis in an iguana (iguana iguana). | | 1970 | 5465565 |
| electroanesthesia of green iguanas (iguana iguana). | | 1969 | 5388159 |
| disturbance of bone formation in the common iguana (iguana iguana l): pathology and etiology. | | 1969 | 5407697 |
| conversion of 7-alpha,12-alpha-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one to 5-alpha-cholestane-3-alpha, 7-alpha,12-alpha-triol by iguana liver microsomes. | the role of 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one as an intermediate in the formation of 5alpha-bile acids from cholesterol was investigated with liver preparations of iguana iguana in vitro. the microsomal fraction of iguana liver catalyzed the transformation of 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one to 5alpha-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol in good yield. 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-cholestan-3-one served as an intermediate. under the conditions employed, formation of the c ... | 1968 | 5640503 |
| arthitectonic studies of the telencephalon of iguana iguana. | | 1967 | 6035667 |
| oxygen transport by the circulatory system of the green iguana (iguana iguana) at different body temperatures. | | 1966 | 5922740 |
| succinic dehydrogenase activity in the nucleolus of the normal and tumourous liver cells of the common iguana (iguana iguana). | | 1964 | 14121944 |
| distribution of cholinesterase in the nervous system of iguana iguana. | | 1962 | 24547002 |
| formation of the embryonic migration layers in the cerebellar anlage of the reptile iguana iguana. | | 1962 | 13983090 |
| haematological and biochemical values of 10 green iguanas (iguana iguana). | ten clinically healthy green iguanas (iguana iguana) imported from south america were examined, and haematological and biochemical measurements were made on samples of blood. this paper describes the methods of blood sampling, handling and laboratory analysis, and presents the results as a set of normal blood ranges for the green iguana. | 1996 | 8686152 |