| | tadpoles of rana temporaria which have been raised in an artificial pond prey in the experimental situation shown in fig. 1 upon the spawn of the following sympatric european anura species: rana temporaria (cannibalism), rana esculenta, rana ridibunda, bufo bufo, bufo calamita, bombina variegata and hyla arborea (predation). - rana temporaria is an early breeder. thus selection pressure acts in the following ways: rana temporaria establishes for itself an explosive breeding pattern. species whic ... | 1970 | 28309036 |
| ranavirus phylogenomics: signatures of recombination and inversions among bullfrog ranaculture isolates. | ranaviruses are emerging pathogens of fish, amphibians, and reptiles that threaten aquatic animal industries and wildlife worldwide. our objective was to genetically characterize ranaviruses isolated during separate bullfrog lithobates catesbeianus die-offs that occurred eight years apart on the same north american farm. the earlier outbreak was due to a highly pathogenic strain of common midwife toad virus (cmtv) previously known only from europe and china. the later outbreak was due to a chime ... | 2017 | 28803676 |
| [cytological study of the distal lobe of the pituitary gland of alytes obstetricans laur tadpole, during larval development]. | | 2016 | 4194791 |
| [experimental metamorphosis, in the tadpole alytes obstetricans laur., of the skin of the tail, normally destined to degenerate]. | | 1969 | 4895035 |
| [ultrastructure of intestinal epithelium of larva in an amphibian anoura, alytes obstetricans laur]. | | 1969 | 5809190 |
| [ultrastructural modifications in the epithelium of the tadpole of alytes obstetricans laur. ii. histogenetic phenomena]. | | 1969 | 5371902 |
| [some results of ablation of the telencephalon in the tadpole of alytes obstetricans (laur.)]. | | 2006 | 14491428 |
| [metamorphosis of the entire intestine of the alytes obstetricans tadpole isolated during life. mechanisms and conditions of this phenomenon]. | | 1962 | 13885261 |
| [ablation of the diencephalon prevents metamorphosis in the tadpole of the obstetrical toad, alytes obstetricans (laur)]. | | 1962 | 14491429 |
| [arrest of the metamorphosis of the alytes obstetricans tadpole by cold and darkness for a 2-year period. normal resumption of its development after this prolonged artificial diapause]. | | 1962 | 13885260 |
| [histogenesis of the cutaneous glands of alytes obstetricans laur]. | | 2006 | 13705398 |
| screening of a long-term sample set reveals two ranavirus lineages in british herpetofauna. | reports of severe disease outbreaks in amphibian communities in mainland europe due to strains of the common midwife toad virus (cmtv)-like clade of ranavirus are increasing and have created concern due to their considerable population impacts. in great britain, viruses in another clade of ranavirus-frog virus 3 (fv3)-like-have caused marked declines of common frog (rana temporaria) populations following likely recent virus introductions. the british public has been reporting mortality incidents ... | 2017 | 28931029 |
| impact of ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate on tadpoles of alytes obstetricans. | the presence of pesticides, herbicides and fertilisers negatively affect aquatic communities in general, and particularly amphibians in their larval phase, even though sensitivity to pollutants is highly variable among species. the llobregat delta (barcelona, spain) has experienced a decline of amphibian populations, possibly related to the reduction in water quality due to the high levels of farming activity, but also to habitat loss and alteration. we studied the effects of increasing ammonium ... | 2017 | 28409413 |
| [on the regeneration of the extremities in an anurous batrachnoid alytes obstetricans]. | | 1960 | 14415056 |
| [experimental research on the mechanism of hatching in the obstetrical toad (alytes obstetricans laur.)]. | | 1960 | 13767414 |
| [on the action of the gonadotropic hormone fsh on the testicle of the tadpole of alytes obstetricans laur. duration of experimental spermatogenesis]. | | 1960 | 13721700 |
| [keratization of the teeth and of the larval beak in alytes obstetricans laurent]. | | 2007 | 13797972 |
| [keratinization of the teeth and the mouth of larvae of alytes obstetricans laurenti]. | | 2007 | 13797971 |
| [the action of the gonadotropic hormone on the gonads of very young tadpoles of alytes obstetricans laur]. | | 1959 | 13815755 |
| [a unique case of regeneration in an anuran batrachian, alytes obstetricans]. | | 1958 | 13537378 |
| [vitamin e stimulates larval growth and hastens metamorphosis in the toad, alytes obstetricans laur]. | | 1958 | 13639470 |
| [electron microscopy of the synapses of the visual cells in the tadpole of alytes obstetricans]. | | 1957 | 13461383 |
| [chemical method of restoration of power of regeneration in an anurous batrachian alytes obstetricans]. | | 1956 | 13383864 |
| [a method of activation of the power of regeneration in an anuran batrachian, alytes obstetricans]. | | 1955 | 14364886 |
| [effect of 1-methyl-2-mercapto imidazol on natural and experimental metamorphosis of larvae of alytes obstetricans laurenti]. | | 1954 | 13229018 |
| [regeneration and metamorphosis in a tailless batrachian alytes obstetricans]. | | 1952 | 13033299 |
| [effect of p-hydroxypropiophenone on natural and experimental metamorphosis in alytes obstetricans laur. larvae]. | | 1952 | 13031198 |
| antifungal treatment of wild amphibian populations caused a transient reduction in the prevalence of the fungal pathogen, batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. | emerging infectious diseases can drive host populations to extinction and are a major driver of biodiversity loss. controlling diseases and mitigating their impacts is therefore a priority for conservation science and practice. chytridiomycosis is a devastating disease of amphibians that is caused by the fungal pathogen batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd), and for which there is an urgent need to develop mitigation methods. we treated tadpoles of the common midwife toad (alytes obstetricans) wit ... | 2017 | 28729557 |
| behavioural responses of mallorcan midwife toad tadpoles to natural and unnatural snake predators | the activity levels of mallorcan midwife toad tadpoles, alytes muletensis, were compared in two natural torrent pools which differed in their use by predatory viperine snakes, natrix maura. activity levels were lower in a pool regularly used by snakes than they were in a snake-free pool, but were reduced in both pools when snakes were experimentally introduced in nylon bags. in the presence of snakes, however, activity was more suppressed in the pool that was usually snake-free. corresponding re ... | 1998 | 9480687 |
| selective phonotaxis by males in the majorcan midwife toad. | males are expected to exhibit mating preferences when there is high variance in the quality of females or when males are limited to a small number of matings. in the majorcan midwife toad, alytes muletensis, the male performs parental care by carrying the eggs wrapped in a string around his hind legs. both sexes possess courtship vocalizations which they use to advertise receptivity. we looked for evidence of male mating preferences in a phonotaxis arena in which males were presented with two al ... | 1996 | 8760493 |
| fight fungi with fungi: antifungal properties of the amphibian mycobiome. | emerging infectious diseases caused by fungal taxa are increasing and are placing a substantial burden on economies and ecosystems worldwide. of the emerging fungal diseases, chytridomycosis caused by the fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (hereafter bd) is linked to global amphibian declines. amphibians have innate immunity, as well as additional resistance through cutaneous microbial communities. despite the targeting of bacteria as potential probiotics, the role of fungi in the protection ... | 2017 | 29312201 |
| genomic sequencing of ranaviruses isolated from edible frogs (pelophylax esculentus). | ranaviruses were isolated from wild edible frogs (pelophylax esculentus) during epizootics in denmark and italy. phylogenomic analyses revealed that these isolates are closely related and belong to a clade of ranaviruses that includes the andrias davidianus ranavirus (adrv), common midwife toad ranavirus (cmtv), testudo hermanni ranavirus (thrv), and pike-perch iridovirus (ppiv). | 2017 | 28935748 |
| propagation of natural toad calls in a mediterranean terrestrial environment. | propagation patterns of animal acoustic signals provide insights into the evolution of signal design to convey signaler's information to potential recipients. however, propagation properties of vertebrate calls have been rarely studied using natural calls from individuals; instead playback calls broadcast through loudspeakers have been used extensively, a procedure that may involve acoustical and physical features differing from natural sounds. measurements of the transmission characteristics of ... | 2012 | 23231131 |
| female reciprocal calling in the iberian midwife toad (alytes cisternasii) varies with male call rate and dominant frequency: implications for sexual selection. | male midwife toads (alytes cisternasii) responded differently depending on the call frequency and call rate of other males. i tested female iberian midwife toads with the same set of stimuli used earlier with males. females responded faster to high call rates, and female vocal activity was greater in response to low-frequency male calls. thus, in both sexes, the vocal response differs in the same direction according to signal frequency variation, but the magnitude of the response is greater in m ... | 2001 | 11729811 |
| invasive predator snake induces oxidative stress responses in insular amphibian species. | the presence of predators induces physiological stress responses in preys to avoid being captured. a stressful situation enhances reactive oxygen species production with potential damage to macromolecules and alterations in oxidant defences levels. the antioxidant enzyme response of the endemic majorcan midwife toad (alytes muletensis) and the balearic green toad (bufotes balearicus) tadpoles against an invasive predator, the viperine snake (natrix maura) was investigated. tadpoles were introduc ... | 2016 | 27213671 |
| induced defences in an endangered amphibian in response to an introduced snake predator. | introduced species have contributed significantly to the extinction of endemic species on islands. they also create new selection pressures on their prey that may result in modified life history strategies. introduced viperine snakes ( natrix maura) have been implicated in the decline of the endemic midwife toad of mallorca ( alytes muletensis). a comparison of a. muletensis tadpoles in natural pools with and without snakes showed that those populations subject to snake predation possessed longe ... | 2004 | 15338267 |
| reproductive stage and history affect the phonotactic preferences of female midwife toads, alytes muletensis. | we investigated whether the reproductive stage or reproductive history of females affects their preferences for male calls that differ in frequency. we repeatedly tested gravid female midwife toads prior to and immediately after mating, and during ovulation. when females were ovulating they were much more consistent in their choice of call than when they were gravid but not ovulating. when females had recently mated they still showed positive phonotaxis, but did not reliably discriminate between ... | 2000 | 11032644 |
| [polydactyly associated with polymylia in alytes obstetricans laur]. | | 1955 | 13317247 |
| low intraspecific variation of frog virus 3 with evidence for novel fv3-like isolates in central and northwestern canada. | frog virus 3 (fv3) and fv3-like ranaviruses can infect a variety of cold-blooded aquatic species and present a primary threat to amphibians across the globe. previous studies of fv3-like viruses have largely investigated higher-level phylogenetic distinctions of these pathogens via portions of the conserved major capsid protein (mcp), and the putative virulence gene vif-2α. few studies, however, have investigated the spatial distribution of fv3 variants at the population level3-data that can be ... | 2019 | 32132268 |
| ranavirus genotypes in the netherlands and their potential association with virulence in water frogs (pelophylax spp.). | ranaviruses are pathogenic viruses for poikilothermic vertebrates worldwide. the identification of a common midwife toad virus (cmtv) associated with massive die-offs in water frogs (pelophylax spp.) in the netherlands has increased awareness for emerging viruses in amphibians in the country. complete genome sequencing of 13 ranavirus isolates collected from ten different sites in the period 2011-2016 revealed three cmtv groups present in distinct geographical areas in the netherlands. phylogene ... | 2018 | 29615625 |
| a new nurse frog of allobates masniger-nidicola complex (anura, aromobatidae) from the east bank of tapajós river, eastern amazonia. | the small nurse frogs of the genus allobates (anura, aromobatidae) represent one of the most challenging taxonomic issues of the neotropics. during several amphibian surveys in the middle tapajós river region, state of pará, brazil, we collected phenotypic, ecological, and molecular data on species of this genus, leading to the identification of a new species included in the allobates masniger-nidicola complex. the new species is characterized by a large body size (snout-vent length 19.2-21.7 mm ... | 2019 | 31716933 |
| common midwife toad ranaviruses replicate first in the oral cavity of smooth newts (lissotriton vulgaris) and show distinct strain-associated pathogenicity. | ranavirus is the second most common infectious cause of amphibian mortality. these viruses affect caudates, an order in which information regarding ranavirus pathogenesis is scarce. in the netherlands, two strains (cmtv-nl i and iii) were suspected to possess distinct pathogenicity based on field data. to investigate susceptibility and disease progression in urodeles and determine differences in pathogenicity between strains, 45 adult smooth newts (lissotriton vulgaris) were challenged via bath ... | 2019 | 30872735 |
| an epigenetic perspective on the midwife toad experiments of paul kammerer (1880-1926). | paul kammerer was the most outstanding neo-lamarckian experimentalist of the early 20th century. he reported spectacular results in the midwife toad, including crosses of environmentally modified toads with normal toads, where acquired traits were inherited in mendelian fashion. accusations of fraud generated a great scandal, ending with kammerer's suicide. controversy reignited in the 1970s, when journalist arthur koestler argued against these accusations. since then, others have argued that ka ... | 2017 | 27781385 |
| estimating effects of species interactions on populations of endangered species. | global change causes community composition to change considerably through time, with ever-new combinations of interacting species. to study the consequences of newly established species interactions, one available source of data could be observational surveys from biodiversity monitoring. however, approaches using observational data would need to account for niche differences between species and for imperfect detection of individuals. to estimate population sizes of interacting species, we exten ... | 2016 | 27028074 |
| multilocus assessment of phylogenetic relationships in alytes (anura, alytidae). | with the advent of large multilocus datasets, molecular systematics is experiencing very rapid progress, but important challenges remain regarding data analysis and interpretation. midwife toads (genus alytes) exemplify two of the most widespread problems for accurate phylogenetic reconstruction: discerning the causes of discordance between gene trees, and resolving short internodes produced during rapid, successive splitting events. the three species in subgenus baleaphryne (a. maurus, a. dickh ... | 2014 | 24931729 |
| can epigenetics solve the case of the midwife toad?--a comment on vargas. | in a recent article in this journal, a. o. vargas (2009. j exp zool b (mol dev evol) 312:667-678) suggests to interpret the controversial midwife toad experiments of the early 20th century zoologist paul kammerer in the context of epigenetic inheritance. for information on kammerer's work he resorts to a popular science book (kammerer, '24. the inheritance of acquired characteristics). however, the study of kammerer's original publications reveals that there are substantial misunderstandings in ... | 2010 | 20922771 |
| did paul kammerer discover epigenetic inheritance? no and why not. | in a recent article in this journal, alexander vargas presents a new, epigenetic explanation of paul kammerer's controversial midwife toad experiments, but he has constructed his model without first reading kammerer's original articles. a look at the articles shows that vargas is seriously misinformed about what kammerer did and what the results even were. his model simply cannot explain the results as they were originally reported and it cannot easily be corrected. similarly, vargas' historical ... | 2010 | 20853422 |
| the midwife toad and alma mahler: epigenetics or a matter of deception? | | 2010 | 20679074 |
| paul kammerer's midwife toads: about the reliability of experiments and our ability to make sense of them. | | 2009 | 19790195 |
| did paul kammerer discover epigenetic inheritance? a modern look at the controversial midwife toad experiments. | the controversy surrounding the alleged lamarckian fraud of paul kammerer's midwife toad experiments has intrigued generations of biologists. a re-examination of his descriptions of hybrid crosses of treated and nontreated toads reveals parent-of-origin effects like those documented in epigenetic inheritance. modification of the extracellular matrix of the egg as described by kammerer provides a plausible cause for altered gene methylation patterns. traits such as altered egg and adult body size ... | 2009 | 19731234 |
| history of science. the case of the midwife toad: fraud or epigenetics? | | 2009 | 19729631 |
| conflicting phylogenetic signal of nuclear vs mitochondrial dna markers in midwife toads (anura, discoglossidae, alytes): deep coalescence or ancestral hybridization? | | 2007 | 17433723 |
| "protoplasm...is soft wax in our hands": paul kammerer and the art of biological transformation. | paul kammerer's career ended in scandal in 1926 over tampering with his evidence for "lamarckian" evolution--the infamous midwife toad. but although kammerer's conclusions proved false, his evidence was probably genuine. in any case his arguments were not simply for lamarckism and against darwinism, as the theories are understood today. if we look beyond the scandal, the kammerer story shows us a great deal about early 20th-century biology: the range of new ideas about heredity and variation, co ... | 2005 | 16271762 |
| [the ministry's working group on the vatican radio station and the case of the "midwife toad"]. | | 2004 | 11878147 |
| too late for the midwife toad: stress, variability and hsp90. | in the 1940s and 1950s, waddington put forward his theories of canalization and genetic assimilation. these provided a genetic basis to account for the inheritance of some apparently 'acquired' characters. rutherford and lindquist have now provided a molecular framework for these theories. their results are also relevant to observations from the 1950s concerning homozygosity and variability, with a bearing on current views concerning the use of inbred strains. | 1999 | 10322481 |
| in vitro study of the intestinal brush border enzyme activities in developing anuran amphibian: effects of thyroxine, cortisol, and insulin. | the effects of several hormones on intestinal brush border membrane enzymatic activities have been investigated in intestinal explants taken from the amphibian midwife toad at different developmental stages. explants were treated for at least 2 days with thyroxine (0.1 microgram/ml of culture medium) or for 2 days with cortisol (25 micrograms/ml) or insulin (6 mu/ml). the hydrolases examined were maltase, trehalase, glucoamylase, and alkaline phosphatase. in the explants from tadpoles in prometa ... | 1988 | 3130458 |
| the case of the case of the midwife toad. | the facts concerning kammerer's case are reviewed. koestler's view that krammerer was unjustly accused is presented and shown to be incorrect. | 1975 | 1093540 |
| [bio-acoustic and ecological investigations in the midwife toad, alytes, o. obstetricans (laur.)]. | 1. alytes o. obstetricans produces calls from the beginning of april to the end of august on a gravel slope near tübingen. the annual calling activity is divided into four calling periods of different lengths. they are largely independent of weather conditions. 2. the calling activity is based on an endogenous rhythm which is influenced by two exogenous factors, air temperature and light intensity. the lower temperature threshold of calling activity is about 7° c and the upper one about 26° c. t ... | 1970 | 28310347 |
| presence of low virulence chytrid fungi could protect european amphibians from more deadly strains. | wildlife diseases are contributing to the current earth's sixth mass extinction; one disease, chytridiomycosis, has caused mass amphibian die-offs. while global spread of a hypervirulent lineage of the fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bdgpl) causes unprecedented loss of vertebrate diversity by decimating amphibian populations, its impact on amphibian communities is highly variable across regions. here, we combine field data with in vitro and in vivo trials that demonstrate the presence of ... | 2020 | 33106491 |
| high pathogen prevalence in an amphibian and reptile assemblage at a site with risk factors for dispersal in galicia, spain. | ranaviruses are agents of disease, mortality and population declines in ectothermic vertebrates and emergences have been repeatedly linked to human activities. ranaviruses in the common midwife toad ranavirus lineage are emerging in europe. they are known to be severe multi-host pathogens of amphibians and can also cause disease in reptiles. recurrent outbreaks of ranavirus disease and mortality affecting three species have occurred at a small reservoir in north-west spain but no data were avail ... | 2020 | 32730306 |
| host contribution to parasite persistence is consistent between parasites and over time, but varies spatially. | most parasites and pathogens infect multiple hosts, but a great deal of variation exists in the role of those hosts in persistence of infection. understanding which hosts are most important in maintaining parasites can provide a clearer target for infection control. recently developed empirical and theoretical approaches provide a way to quantify the relative contribution of hosts within a community and place them in a multihost framework to better direct control efforts. amphibians provide a fr ... | 2020 | 33164249 |
| instant killing of pathogenic chytrid fungi by disposable nitrile gloves prevents disease transmission between amphibians. | to prevent transmission of the pathogenic chytrid fungi batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd) and batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (bsal), hygiene protocols prescribe the single use of disposable gloves for handling amphibians. we discovered that rinse water from nitrile gloves instantly kills 99% of bd and bsal zoospores. transmission experiments using midwife toads (alytes obstetricans) and bd, and alpine newts (ichthyosaura alpestris) and bsal, show that the use of the same pair of gloves for ... | 2020 | 33119670 |
| niche models at inter- and intraspecific levels reveal hierarchical niche differentiation in midwife toads. | variation and population structure play key roles in the speciation process, but adaptive intraspecific genetic variation is commonly ignored when forecasting species niches. amphibians serve as excellent models for testing how climate and local adaptations shape species distributions due to physiological and dispersal constraints and long generational times. in this study, we analysed the climatic factors driving the evolution of the genus alytes at inter- and intraspecific levels that may limi ... | 2020 | 32616878 |
| reference gene screening of batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and batrachochytrium salamandrivorans for quantitative real-time pcr studies. | real-time quantitative pcr studies largely depend on reference genes for the normalization of gene expression. stable reference genes should be accurately selected in order to obtain reliable results. we here present a study screening commonly used reference genes (tef1f, α-centractin, ctsyn1, gapdh, r6046, aprt and tub) in the chytrid fungi batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd) and batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (bsal), which cause the lethal amphibian skin disease chytridiomycosis. we evaluat ... | 2019 | 31811175 |
| microplastics impair amphibian survival, body condition and function. | microplastics (mps) are contaminants of increasing concern; they are abundant, ubiquitous and persistent over time, representing potential risks for organisms and ecosystems. however, such risks are still virtually unknown for amphibians, despite the particular attention that these organisms often receive because of their global decline. we examined the effects of mps (fluorescent, 10-μm polystyrene microspheres) at different concentrations (from 0 to 103 particles ml-1) on tadpoles of the commo ... | 2020 | 31809926 |
| infection with batrachochytrium dendrobatidis lowers heat tolerance of tadpole hosts and cannot be cleared by brief exposure to ctmax. | climate change and infectious disease by the chytrid fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd) are major drivers of amphibian extinctions, but the potential interactions of these two factors are not fully understood. temperature is known to influence (1) the infectivity, pathogenicity and virulence of bd; (2) host-parasite dynamics, especially when both hosts and parasites are ectothermic organisms exhibiting thermal sensitivities that may or may not differ; and (3) amphibian vulnerability to e ... | 2019 | 31034535 |
| a name for the nurse-frog (allobates, aromobatidae) of floresta nacional de carajás, eastern brazilian amazonia. | we describe a new species of nurse-frog (aromobatidae, allobates) from floresta nacional de carajás, southeastern brazilian amazonia. allobates carajas sp. nov. is distinguished from similar congeneric species by the combination of the following characters: body-size range (snout-to-vent length 16.5-19.1 mm), dorsal color pattern with a dark brown hourglass-shaped mark, by the absence of a pale dorsolateral stripe and presence of a pale ventrolateral stripe, absence of a pale paracloacal mark, b ... | 2019 | 30790877 |
| cmtv-like ranavirus infection associated with high mortality in captive catfish-like loach, triplophysa siluorides, in china. | ranaviruses are important emerging pathogens of ectothermic vertebrates that threaten aquaculture and wildlife worldwide. a mortality event occurred in a cultured population of catfish-like loach (triplophysa siluorides) in sichuan province, china. gross clinical signs of the affected fish included skin lesions and haemorrhagic ulcers, which are often associated with ranaviruses. inoculation of liver, kidney and spleen tissue homogenates in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) cells at 25°c resul ... | 2020 | 31904194 |
| anthropogenic substrate-borne vibrations impact anuran calling. | anthropogenic disturbance is a major cause of the biodiversity crisis. nevertheless, the role of anthropogenic substrate vibrations in disrupting animal behavior is poorly understood. amphibians comprise the terrestrial vertebrates most sensitive to vibrations, and since communication is crucial to their survival and reproduction, they are a suitable model for investigating this timely subject. playback tests were used to assess the effects of substrate vibrations produced by two sources of anth ... | 2019 | 31857629 |
| studies on the interaction of alyteserin 1c peptide and its cationic analogue with model membranes imitating mammalian and bacterial membranes. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are effector molecules of the innate immune system and have been isolated from multiple organisms. their antimicrobial properties are due to the fact that they interact mainly with the anionic membrane of the microorganisms, permeabilizing it and releasing the cytoplasmic content. alyteserin 1c (+2), an amp isolated from alytes obstetricans and its more cationic and hydrophilic analogue (+5) were synthesized using the solid phase method, in order to study the intera ... | 2019 | 31557903 |
| frog virus 3 genomes reveal prevalent recombination between ranavirus lineages and their origins in canada. | ranaviruses are pathogens associated with the decline of amphibian populations across much of their distribution. in north america, frog virus 3 (fv3) is a widely distributed pathogen with wild populations of amphibians harboring different lineages and putative recombinants between fv3 and common midwife toad virus (cmtv). these recombinants have higher pathogenicity, and cmtv-derived genes associated with virulence are reported in wild strains in canada. however, while fv3 is linked to amphibia ... | 2019 | 31341053 |
| itraconazole and thiophanate-methyl fail to clear tadpoles naturally infected with the hypervirulent lineage of batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. | the emerging infectious disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, is a major driver pushing many amphibian species to the brink of extinction. substantial efforts to develop effective protocols that use antifungal drugs have had notable success. here, we used the antifungal agents itraconazole and thiophanate-methyl, singly and in combination, in an attempt to treat common midwife toad alytes obstetricans larvae naturally infected with the globalized hypervir ... | 2018 | 30324916 |
| a new species of nurse-frog (aromobatidae, allobates) from the juami river basin, northwestern brazilian amazonia. | we describe a new species of nurse-frog (aromobatidae, allobates) from northwestern brazilian amazon. allobates juami sp. nov. is distinguished from similar congeneric species by the combination of the following characters: body-size range (snout-to-vent length 17.5-18.5 mm), lack of dark pigments on ventral surfaces of male specimens, dorsal color pattern (predominantly solid dark brown, but conspicuously light brown over snout and urostyle regions), presence of conspicuous pale dorsolateral an ... | 2018 | 29690488 |
| amphibian chytridiomycosis outbreak dynamics are linked with host skin bacterial community structure. | host-associated microbes are vital for combatting infections and maintaining health. in amphibians, certain skin-associated bacteria inhibit the fungal pathogen batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd), yet our understanding of host microbial ecology and its role in disease outbreaks is limited. we sampled skin-associated bacteria and bd from pyrenean midwife toad populations exhibiting enzootic or epizootic disease dynamics. we demonstrate that bacterial communities differ between life stages with f ... | 2018 | 29449565 |
| influence of benzopyrene on the regeneration of limb blanks in midwife toad tadpoles. | | 1947 | 20256049 |