| sequence of a gene from bombina orientalis coding for the antimicrobial peptide blp-7. | the structure of a gene coding for bombinin-like peptides (blp) in bombina orientalis was determined. it comprises two exons separated by a 1337 bp intron. exon 1 codes for the signal peptide, while exon 2 contains the genetic information for blp-7 and a bombinin h-type peptide (gh-2). the promoter region contains putative recognition sites for nuclear factors, such as nf-il6 and nf-kappab. the analysis of the structure of this gene, compared with that of the previously reported blp-3 gene seque ... | 2000 | 11090922 |
| temporal profile of brain gene expression after prey catching conditioning in an anuran amphibian. | a key goal in modern neurobiology is to understand the mechanisms underlying learning and memory. to that end, it is essential to identify the patterns of gene expression and the temporal sequence of molecular events associated with learning and memory processes. it is also important to ascertain if and how these molecular events vary between organisms. in vertebrates, learning and memory processes are characterized by distinct phases of molecular activity involving gene transcription, structura ... | 2019 | 31992968 |
| an immunohistochemical study of endocrine cells in the alimentary tract of the red-bellied frog, bombina orientalis. | the regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells was studied immunohistochemically (pap method) in the alimentary tract of the red-bellied frog, bombina orientalis, using antisera against serotonin, somatostatin, chromogranin (cg), cholecystokinin (cck)-8, bombesin, secretin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide (pp). eight kinds of endocrine cells were identified in this study. these immunoreactive cells were located in the gastric glands of the stomach regions and in the inte ... | 2000 | 10907684 |
| pharmacology and cell biology of the bombesin receptor subtype 4 (bb4-r). | recently, a fourth member of the bombesin (bn) receptor family (fbb4-r) was isolated from a cdna library from the brain of the frog, bombina orientalis. its pharmacology and cell biology are largely unknown, and no known natural cell lines or tissues possess sufficient numbers of fbb4-r's to allow either of these to be determined. to address these issues, we have used three different strategies. fbb4-r expression in cells widely used for other bn receptor subtypes was unsuccessful as was express ... | 1999 | 10353842 |
| formation of varanic acid, 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 24-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid from 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid in bombina orientalis. | varanic acid (3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 24-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid; 24-oh-thca) is almost the sole component of bile acids in the bile of bombina orientalis. to examine in the mechanism of the formation of 24-oh-thca, radiolabeled (25r)- and (25s)-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihdroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acids [(25r)- and (25s)-thca] and (24e)-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihdroxy-5 beta-cholest-24-enoic acid (delta 24-thca) were administered intraperitoneally to b. orientalis, gal ... | 1996 | 8916357 |
| there are three distinct forms of bombesin. identification of [leu13]bombesin, [phe13]bombesin, and [ser3,arg10,phe13]bombesin in the frog bombina orientalis. | amphibian bombesin is the prototypic peptide that defines the bombesin-like peptide family. in this paper we show that in the frog bombina orientalis, there are actually 3 distinct forms of bombesin, and each of these peptides is an agonist with differing affinities for the known bombesin receptors. oligonucleotides complementary to the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of the bombesin mrna were used to amplify bombesin-related cdnas from the skin, brain, and gut of b. orientalis. three classes of ... | 1996 | 8631814 |
| ultrastructure of the taste disc in the red-bellied toad bombina orientalis (discoglossidae, salientia). | the taste disc of the red-bellied toad bombina orientalis (discoglossidae) has been investigated by light and electron microscopy and compared with that of rana pipiens (ranidae). unlike the frog, b. orientalis possesses a disc-shaped tongue that cannot be ejected for capture of prey. the taste discs are located on the top of fungiform papillae. they are smaller than those in ranidae, and are not surrounded by a ring of ciliated cells. ultrastructurally, five types of cells can be identified (mu ... | 1993 | 8481957 |
| maternal effects on offspring growth and development depend on environmental quality in the frogbombina orientalis. | differences in maternal investment and initial offspring size can have important consequences for offspring growth and development. to examine the effects of initial size variability in the frogbombina orientalis, we reared larvae (n=360) in one of two treatments representing different levels of environmental quality. we used snout-vent length at the feeding stage (stage 25, gosner 1960) as a measure of maternal investment. in a "low quality" treatment, larvae were reared with two conspecific ta ... | 1992 | 28313513 |
| ancestral chytrid pathogen remains hypervirulent following its long coevolution with amphibian hosts. | many amphibian species around the world, except in asia, suffer morbidity and mortality when infected by the emerging infectious pathogen batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (bd). a lineage of the amphibian chytrid fungus isolated from south korean amphibians (bdasia-1) is evolutionarily basal to recombinant global pandemic lineages (bdgpl) associated with worldwide amphibian population declines. in asia, the bd pathogen and its amphibian hosts have coevolved over 100 years or more. thus, resilience ... | 2019 | 31161901 |
| evaluating potential distribution of high-risk aquatic invasive species in the water garden and aquarium trade at a global scale based on current established populations. | aquatic non-native invasive species are commonly traded in the worldwide water garden and aquarium markets, and some of these species pose major threats to the economy, the environment, and human health. understanding the potential suitable habitat for these species at a global scale and at regional scales can inform risk assessments and predict future potential establishment. typically, global habitat suitability models are fit for freshwater species with only climate variables, which provides ... | 2019 | 30428498 |
| detection and partial characterization of proopiomelanocortin-related end-products from the pars intermedia of the toad, bombina orientalis. | steady-state analyses were performed on the proopiomelanocortin (pomc)-related end-products present in acid extracts of the pars intermedia of the anuran amphibian, bombina orientalis. sephadex g-75 gel filtration chromatography indicated that immunoreactive alpha-msh-sized material and n-acetylated beta-endorphin-related material are the major pomc-related products present in this tissue. the alpha-msh-sized immunoreactivity was further fractionated by reversed phase hplc. the major peak of imm ... | 1992 | 1327951 |
| cloning of cdnas encoding amphibian bombesin: evidence for the relationship between bombesin and gastrin-releasing peptide. | bombesin is a tetradecapeptide originally isolated from frog skin; its mammalian homologue is the 27-amino acid peptide gastrin-releasing peptide (grp). cdnas encoding grp have been cloned from diverse species, but little is yet known about the amphibian bombesin precursor. mass spectrometry of hplc-separated skin exudate from bombina orientalis was performed to demonstrate the existence of authentic bombesin in the skin of this frog. a cdna library was prepared from the skin of b. orientalis an ... | 1990 | 2263631 |
| morphological integration in the cranium during anuran metamorphosis. | we examined the role of thyroid hormone in mediating morphological integration between cranial cartilage and bone during anuran metamorphosis. exogenous t3 applied to premetamorphic tadpoles (bombina orientalis) via intracranial implants of plastic micropellets precociously induced typical metamorphic changes in both tissues, but also dissociated the relative timing of developmental events between them. morphological integration between the two primary cranial tissues is achieved in part by each ... | 1989 | 2776858 |
| [isolation and identification of c-12-h peptide from the skin of bombina orientalis in china]. | | 1987 | 3659969 |
| frequency and time domain comparison of low-frequency auditory fiber responses in two anuran amphibians. | a comparative study of the phase-locked response of auditory nerve fibers was performed in two frog species, eleutherodactylus coqui and bombina orientalis. from the tuning characteristics and phase response of single auditory nerve fibers to low frequency tones (0.08-1.0 khz) we attempt to deduce the mechanics of the auditory organ responsible for low-frequency hearing in the frog, the amphibian papilla (a.p.). the phase-locked responses of auditory nerve fibers in b. orientalis were essentiall ... | 1987 | 3558132 |
| the effect of chemically produced shifts in developmental timing on postmetamorphic morphology in bombina orientalis. | the effect of altering developmental timing on postmetamorphic morphology was examined in the frog bombina orientalis. the length of the larval period was manipulated with the use of a thyroid inhibitor. results show that differences in time to metamorphosis are correlated with shifts in postmetamorphic relative hindlimb length. furthermore, these differences in relative hindlimb length are similar to those found among closely related species. variation in the timing of development may be respon ... | 1987 | 3436400 |
| peroxisomes in the liver of frog, bombina orientalis. | | 1984 | 6488404 |
| amphibian cell culture: established fibroblastic line from embryos of the discoglossid frog, bombina orientalis. | a new amphibian cell line, bor ii, is described. it was initiated from stage 20 embryos of the discoglossid frog, bombina orientalis. in early passages the cell line had an epithelioid morphology. beginning at or around subcultivation 16, a more fibroblastic cell type emerged and rapidly became predominant. these later passage cells were able to proliferate in low (1.0%) serum, displayed frequent overlaps, and lacked postconfluent inhibition of cell division. the cell line was unable to survive ... | 1983 | 6862516 |
| developmental time of the hemoglobin transition in the anuran bombina orientalis. | the electrophoretic pattern of the larval hemoglobin of the anuran bombina orientalis presents two bands. in premetamorphic period gradually appear four other bands, corresponding to those of the adult hemoglobin; they substitute, within 15-16 days after metamorphosis, the larval pattern. the percentage of larval and adult fractions during the development is shown. in bombina orientalis the change of the hemoglobinic fractions from larval to adult type is total as in most anurans. but it starts ... | 1983 | 6872517 |
| responses of amphibian embryos and blastomeres to a tumor-promoting phorbol ester. | phorbol ester tumor promoters such as 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa) alter the morphology and differentiated states of numerous cell types in vitro. it is likely that these molecules are teratogenic for vertebrate embryos in which cytodifferentiation, cell-tissue interactions, and cellular motility are prominent. by examining embryonic effects, i thought that insights into mechanisms might be gained that would not be apparent in adult tissues. the purpose of this study was to charact ... | 1982 | 7083170 |
| cellular morphology in haploid amphibian embryos. | external surfaces of haploid and diploid embryos of bombina orientalis were examined with the scanning electron microscope to determine the possible contribution of cellular morphology to the amphibian haploid syndrome. cellular anomalies were prevalent in all surface areas of haploid embryos. the epithelium appeared uneven due to the displacement of ciliated cells and the rounded surfaces of the non-ciliated cells. the ratio of ciliated to non-ciliated cells was altered in comparison to diploid ... | 1980 | 7217870 |
| genetic and experimental studies on a pigment mutation, pale (pa), in the frog, bombina orientalis. | a mutant gene, pale, (pa) has been discovered in the discoglossid frog, bombina orientalis. breeding experiments indicate that the gene is recessive to the wild-type allele (p). embryos, tadpoles and adults homozygous for the pale gene are lighter in coloration than wild-type animals. eggs produced by pale females appear normally pigmented. neural-retina defects were apparent in pale tadpoles. parabiosis experiments revealed that the pale and wild-type phenotypes were unaffected by circulating f ... | 1980 | 7400738 |
| nuclear transplantation in bombina orientalis and utilization of the pale mutation as a nuclear marker. | the discoglossid frog, bombina orientalis, displays many characteristics that make it desirable as a laboratory animal. we report here the first successful transplantation of embryonic nuclei into enucleated eggs of this organism. the participation of the grafted nucleus in the development of the transplant embryos was confirmed with the use of a genetic marker, the pale mutation. frogs homozygous for this recessive gene are much lighter in appearance than the wild-type animals. the use of this ... | 1978 | 702081 |
| embryonic stages: morphology, timing, and variance in the toad bombina orientalis. | | 1978 | 688111 |
| the cell cycle and transplantation of blastula nuclei in bombina orientalis. | | 1978 | 680362 |
| active peptides on smooth muscle in the skin of bombina orientalis boulenger and characterization of a new bradykinin analogue. | | 1973 | 4732297 |
| variation and timing of the cranial ossification sequence of the oriental fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis (amphibia, discoglossidae). | the sequence of appearance of the 17 different skull bones in the oriental fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis, is described. data are based primarily on samples of ten or 11 laboratory-reared specimens of each of 11 gosner developmental stages (36-46) representing middle through late metamorphosis. ossification commences as early as stage 37 (hind limb with all five toes distinct), but the full complement of adult bones is not attained until stage 46 (metamorphosis complete). number of bones ... | 1984 | 30049067 |
| sequence of chondrocranial development in the oriental fire bellied toad bombina orientalis. | the vertebrate head as a major novelty is directly linked to the evolutionary success of the vertebrates. sequential information on the embryonic pattern of cartilaginous head development are scarce, but important for the understanding of its evolution. in this study, we use the oriental fire bellied toad, bombina orientalis, a basal anuran to investigate the sequence and timing of larval cartilaginous development of the head skeleton from the appearance of mesenchymal anlagen in post-neurulatio ... | 2020 | 32383540 |
| refinement of the dopaminergic system of anuran amphibians based on connectivity with habenula, basal ganglia, limbic system, pallium, and spinal cord. | whereas our understanding of the dopaminergic system in mammals allows for a distinction between ventral tegmental area (vta) and substantia nigra pars compacta (snc), no clear evidence for separate structures in anamniotes has been presented to date. to broaden the insight into the organization and regulation of neuromodulatory systems in anuran amphibians, tracing and immunohistochemical investigations were performed in the oriental fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis. topographically organi ... | 2020 | 31617943 |
| the habenula as an evolutionary conserved link between basal ganglia, limbic, and sensory systems-a phylogenetic comparison based on anuran amphibians. | based on anatomical and functional data, the habenula-a phylogenetically old brain structure present in all vertebrates-takes part in the integration of limbic, sensory, and basal ganglia information to guide effective response strategies appropriate to environmental conditions. in the present study, we investigated the connections of the habenular nuclei of the oriental fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis, and compared them with published data from lampreys, chondrichthyes, teleosts, reptiles ... | 2020 | 31566737 |
| genome-wide comparison of codon usage dynamics in mitochondrial genes across different species of amphibian genus bombina. | the biological phenomenon where some synonymous codons are repeatedly preferred to others in gene transcripts is called codon usage bias (cub). the analysis of cub is not only helpful in evolutionary biology but also in improving the expression level of exogenous genes in the host cell by codon optimization. the overall nucleotide composition analysis demonstrated an unequal distribution of four nucleobases and t% was the highest in all seven species. the genes were at-rich, evident from overall ... | 2019 | 31033182 |
| cranial neural-crest migration and chondrogenic fate in the oriental fire-bellied toad bombina orientalis: defining the ancestral pattern of head development in anuran amphibians. | we assess cranial neural-crest cell migration and contributions to the larval chondrocranium in the phylogenetically basal and morphologically generalized anuran bombina orientalis (bombinatoridae). methods used include microdissection, scanning electron microscopy, and vital dye labeling, in conjunction with confocal and fluorescence microscopy. cranial neural-crest cells begin migrating before neural-fold closure and soon form three primary streams. these streams contribute to all cranial cart ... | 1996 | 29852612 |
| pigment cell differentiation in the fire-bellied toad, bombina orientalis. i. structural, chemical, and physical aspects of the adult pigment pattern. | wild-collected adults of bombina orientalis are bright green dorsally and red to red-orange ventrally. as a prelude to an analysis of the differentiation of pigment cells in developing b. orientalis, we describe structural and chemical aspects of the fully differentiated pigment pattern of the "normal" adult. structurally, differences between dorsal green and ventral red skin are summarized as follows: (1) dorsal green skin contains a "typical" dermal chromatophore unit comprised of melanophores ... | 1984 | 30029563 |
| inhibitory effect of the antimicrobial peptide blp-7 against propionibacterium acnes and its anti-inflammatory effect on acne vulgaris. | propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) is a gram-positive commensal bacterium, which is involved in the pathogenesis and inflammation of acne vulgaris. an antimicrobial peptide named bombinin-like peptide 7 (blp-7), which was determined from bombina orientalis, has been shown to possess certain antibacterial activity. this study was carried out with synthesized blp-7 on the basis of the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities against p. acnes in vitro and in vivo. the minimal inhibitory conce ... | 2020 | 32540219 |
| development of 12 microsatellite markers for bombina orientails based on rna-seq and their usefulness in population genetic diversity. | bombina orientalis is widely used due to bombesin which isolated from its skin. but in recent years, the population of b. orientalis has become declining distinctly because of human activities, environmental pollution, drought climatic conditions and other factors. in order to provide the molecular basis for the proposal of biodiversity conservation, we report the development of 12 microsatellite markers for b. orientalis based on rna-seq. we test polymorphism against in 48 b. orientalis individ ... | 2018 | 30203239 |
| the anuran skin peptide bradykinin mediates its own absorption across epithelial barriers of the digestive tract. | when faced with a potential predator, a wide range of frog species secrete a mixture of peptide toxins from their skin to defend themselves. we have recently shown that antimicrobial peptides (amps) in a frog's defensive poison enhance the uptake of these peptides across epithelia, thereby speeding up the process of predator intoxication. this study provides evidence that bradykinin, a widespread peptide toxin in anurans (frogs), is capable to pass through epithelial barriers independent of this ... | 2018 | 29571654 |
| sex differentiation and early gonadal development in bombina orientalis (anura: discoglossidae). | gonadal differentiation in premetamorphic bombina orientalis is described and staged. the pattern of events during differentiation in bombina differs in several respects from that previously described in other anurans. the bombina gonad initially develops on the ventral surface of the vena cava, where there is no pre-existent somatic genital ridge prior to the arrival of the germ cells. the sexually undifferentiated gonad does not have a distinct cortex and medulla; instead, medullary cells ingr ... | 1989 | 29865634 |
| ontogeny of melanophore patterns in haploid and diploid embryos of the frog, bombina orientalis. | diploid tadpoles of the discoglossid frog, bombina orientalis, possess a distinctive rectangular network of epidermal melanophores. the ontogeny of this network was examined and utilized as a model for the comparison of tissue integrity and cellular interactions in diploid and haploid embryos. during the process of network formation in diploids, a variety of melano-phore-melanophore interactions was observed. these included temporary contacts between neighboring melanophore processes, deviations ... | 1979 | 30200695 |