| [cardiotropic action of bee venom and melitten]. | | 1975 | 1203400 |
| translation of honeybee promelittin messenger rna. formation of a larger product in a mammalian cell-free system. | venom glands of honeybees synthesize the peptide melittin via the precursor promelittin. total rna preparations from venom glands served as template in a cell-free system prepared from mammalian cells. the heterologous system translated the insect mrna with approximately the same efficiency as hemoglobin mrna. a polypeptide was synthesized which, as shown by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of detergent, has a higher molecular weight than promelittin. analysis of peptic fragments a ... | 1975 | 1204644 |
| the contents of adenine nucleotides, phosphagens and some glycolytic intermediates in resting muscles from vertebrates and invertebrates. | the lowest contents of atp and the lowest atp/amp concentration ratios are observed in the molluscan muscles that have very low rates of energy expenditure during contraction. the highest contents of atp are observed in the extremely aerobic insect flight muscle and the extremely anaerobic pectoral muscle of the pheasant and domestic fowl. in general, the lowest atp/amp concentration ratios are observed for muscle in which the variation in the rate of energy utilization is small (e.g. some mollu ... | 1975 | 1212224 |
| temperature stability of phospholipase a activity. i. bee (apis mellifera) venom phospholipase a2. | | 1976 | 1258066 |
| cytotoxic effects on the plasma membrane of human diploid fibroblasts--a comparative study of leakage tests. | confluent monolayers of human diploid lung fibroblasts were treated with cytolytic agents. the induced membrane damage was investigated by different test systems. changes of membrane permeability were compared with morphological alterations. four tests employed leakage of cytoplasmic markers of different sizes as criteria of membrane damage. radioactive markers of the following decreasing size order were used: [3h]rna (mw greater than 200,000) greater than 51cr greater than [3h]nucleotides great ... | 1976 | 1263610 |
| the isolation and identification of noradrenaline and dopamine from the venom of the honey bee, apis mellifica. | | 1976 | 1273857 |
| bee venom melittin is a potent toxin for reducing the threshold for calcium-induced calcium release in human and equine skeletal muscle. | the modulation of ca2+ release by synthetic bee venom melittin was examined in equine and human terminal cisternae-containing fractions. melittin (0.1 microm) decreased the threshold of ca(2+)-induced ca2+ release by 20% in equine muscle and by 36% in human muscle. if terminal cisternae fractions were first preloaded with ca2+ to greater than about 75% of the threshold of ca(2+)-induced ca2+ release and then melittin added, an immediate and sustained release of ca2+ occurred in preparations from ... | 1992 | 1279340 |
| growth inhibition and modulation of antigenic phenotype in human melanoma and glioblastoma multiforme cells by caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) | the active component of the honeybee hive product propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape), has been shown to display increased toxicity toward various oncogene-transformed cell lines in comparison with their untransformed counterparts (su et al., 4: 231-242, 1991). this observation provides support for the concept that it is the transformed phenotype which is specifically sensitive to cape. in the present study, we have determined the effect of cape on the growth and antigenic phenotype of ... | 1992 | 1281753 |
| magnetite in human tissues: a mechanism for the biological effects of weak elf magnetic fields. | due to the apparent lack of a biophysical mechanism, the question of whether weak, low-frequency magnetic fields are able to influence living organisms has long been one of the most controversial subjects in any field of science. however, two developments during the past decade have changed this perception dramatically, the first being the discovery that many organisms, including humans, biochemically precipitate the ferrimagnetic mineral magnetite (fe3o4). in the magnetotactic bacteria, the geo ... | 1992 | 1285705 |
| specific allergen induced motility of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in insect sting allergy. | the motility of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (mnc) and polymorphonuclear (pmn) leukocytes from normal and bee venom allergic subjects was investigated by a modified boyden micropore filter method. the study comprised mnc locomotion in bee venom and histamine gradients and pmn locomotion in bee venom and fmlp gradients. we demonstrated statistically significant increase in mnc and pmn motility towards bee venom in allergic patients group. this effect disappeared after the preincubation of m ... | 1992 | 1299166 |
| a molecular model for membrane fusion based on solution studies of an amphiphilic peptide from hiv gp41. | the mechanism of protein-mediated membrane fusion and lysis has been investigated by solution-state studies of the effects of peptides on liposomes. a peptide (si) corresponding to a highly amphiphilic c-terminal segment from the envelope protein (gp41) of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was synthesized and tested for its ability to cause lipid membranes to fuse together (fusion) or to break open (lysis). these effects were compared to those produced by the lytic and fusogenic peptide fro ... | 1992 | 1303764 |
| melittin-induced alterations in dynamic properties of human red blood cell membranes. | the interaction of bee venom melittin with erythrocyte membrane ghosts has been investigated by means of fluorescence quenching of membrane tryptophan residues, fluorescence polarization and esr spectroscopy. it has been revealed that melittin induces the disorders in lipid-protein matrix both in the hydrophobic core of bilayer and at the polar/non-polar interface of melittin complexed with erythrocyte membranes. the peptide has been found to act most efficiently at the concentration of the orde ... | 1992 | 1314707 |
| appearance of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in soleus muscles from shr. | the depressed functional capabilities of spontaneously hypertensive rat (shr) muscles, reported previously (exp. neurol. 95: 249-264, 1987), may reflect a decrease in muscle responsiveness to catecholamines occurring as a consequence of exposure to the elevated level of plasma catecholamines in shr. responsiveness to applied catecholamines was determined in shr and wistar-kyoto rat (wky) soleus by measuring muscle resting membrane potentials (rmp) in vitro. epinephrine (10(-6) m) produced a simi ... | 1992 | 1317105 |
| interaction of polypeptides with the gastric (h+ + k+)atpase: melittin, synthetic analogs, and a potential intracellular regulatory protein. | the 26 amino acid bee venom toxin, melittin, is an amphipathic helical polypeptide which inhibits the gastric (h+ + k+)atpase. the site of interaction with the (h+ + k+)atpase was shown to be the alpha subunit of the (h+ + k+)atpase in studies using [125i]azidosalicylyl melittin, a radioactive photoaffinity analog of melittin. a synthetic amphipathic polypeptide (trp3) containing tryptophan, which exhibits a structure similar to that of melittin, also inhibited the gastric (h+ + k+)atpase, and p ... | 1992 | 1334229 |
| the nss mutation or lanthanum inhibits light-induced ca2+ influx into fly photoreceptors. | ion-selective calcium microelectrodes were inserted into the compound eyes of the wild-type sheep blowfly lucilia or into the retina of the no steady state (nss) mutant of lucilia. these electrodes monitored light-induced changes in the extracellular concentration of calcium (delta[ca2+]o) together with the extracellularly recorded receptor potential. prolonged dim lights induced a steady reduction in [ca2+]o during light in the retina of normal lucilia, while relatively little change in [ca2+]o ... | 1992 | 1335476 |
| screening for restriction endonucleases in methane-oxidizing bacteria. | 51 methane-oxidizing bacteria strains such as methylomonas methanica, m. rubra, methylococcus capsulatus, m. thermophilus, m. luteus, m. ucrainicus, m. whittenburyi, methylosinus trichosporium, m. sporium, methylocystis parvus isolated from various ecological niches and geographical regions of the ukraine and also the strains received from r. whittenbury and y. heyer were screened for restriction endonucleases. type ii restriction endonucleases were detected in imv b-3112 (= 12 b), imv b-3027 (= ... | 1992 | 1338116 |
| genetic variability in the social bee lasioglossum marginatum and a cryptic undescribed sibling species, as detected by dna fingerprinting and allozyme electrophoresis. | dna fingerprints (dnafp) were obtained for three widely separated samples of bee related to lasioglossum marginatum using the m13 sequence as a probe. bee samples were obtained from france (three localities separated by at most 20 km), greece and india. all european populations exhibited almost identical profiles with similarity indices (s) of over 98% within a french sample, 94% among greek bees and 90% between greek and french bees. the dnafp profiles of indian bees showed more polymorphism (i ... | 1992 | 1343781 |
| extracellular production system of heterologous peptide driven by a secretory protease inhibitor of streptomyces. | the value of a heterologous peptide extracellular production system in streptomyces using a secretory protease inhibitor, was examined. dna was synthesized encoding apidaecin 1b (ap1), an interesting antibacterial peptide discovered in lymph fluid of the honeybee, and was joined to the streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (ssi) gene via a 12-bp nucleotide sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence specific for cleavage by blood coagulation factor xa. the fusion protein (ssi-ap1) could be exp ... | 1992 | 1368016 |
| the antigenicity of the carbohydrate moiety of an insect glycoprotein, honey-bee (apis mellifera) venom phospholipase a2. the role of alpha 1,3-fucosylation of the asparagine-bound n-acetylglucosamine. | a rabbit polyclonal antiserum raised against honey-bee (apis mellifera) venom phospholipase a2 (pla2) contains antibodies that react exclusively with its glycosylated variants and cross-react with plant glycoproteins. the interaction of anti-(horseradish peroxidase) antiserum with pla2 suggests the existence of a carbohydrate determinant common to both glycoproteins. e.l.i.s.a. binding and inhibition experiments, employing glycoproteins and glycopeptides of plant and animal origin with known n-g ... | 1992 | 1376112 |
| k+ channel involvement in induction of synaptic enhancement by mast cell degranulating (mcd) peptide. | a bee venom, mast cell degranulating peptide (mcd), which induces long-term potentiation (ltp) of synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices, was found to possess multiple functions. they include (1) binding and thereby inhibiting a voltage-dependent k(+)-channel in brain membranes, (2) incorporation in a lipid bilayer to form voltage-dependent and cation-selective channels by itself, and (3) activation of a pertussis toxin (ptx)-sensitive gtp-binding proteins. in this study, we prepared severa ... | 1992 | 1376885 |
| mapping human t cell epitopes on phospholipase a2: the major bee-venom allergen. | phospholipase a2 (pla2), the major bee-venom allergen, was purified by gel filtration, inactivated by denaturing, and carboxymethylating its cysteine residues. peripheral blood mononuclear cells from an individual (hla-dr2 [15], dw52, dq1 and dq3) allergic to bee stings were used to generate cell lines specific for pla2 and a control antigen, tetanus toxoid. these lines were 90% cd3+, 64% cd4+ and 20% cd8+ by fluorocytometry analysis. t-lymphocyte epitope mapping done with 12 overlapping synthet ... | 1992 | 1378459 |
| mast cell degranulating (mcd) peptide analogs with reduced ring structure. | mast cell degranulating (mcd) peptide, a component of bee venom, is a 22 amino acid peptide with two disulfide bridges. in this first structure-activity study of mcd peptide, three analogs were synthesized and tested: two analogs shortened by omitting sequences 6-10 and 8-13, respectively, and one analog lacking the disulfide bridge between cysteine residues 5 and 19. these analogs were synthesized by solid-phase methods and were compared to mcd peptide in two assays for inflammation: histamine ... | 1992 | 1382440 |
| the nucleotide receptors on mouse c2c12 myotubes. | 1. the response of c2c12 mouse myotubes to stimulation with adenosine triphosphate (atp) and other nucleotides was studied by measuring changes in membrane potential. 2. a transient hyperpolarization followed by a slowly declining depolarization of the cells was observed in the presence of atp (10 microm-1 mm). 3. the hyperpolarization was not observed in the absence of external calcium, and was abolished in the presence of tetraethylammonium (20 mm) or the bee toxin, apamin (0.1 microm). the de ... | 1992 | 1393284 |
| metabolic rate during foraging in the honeybee. | the metabolic rate of free-flying honeybees, apis mellifera ligustica, was determined by means of a novel respirometric device that allowed measurement of co2 produced by bees foraging under controlled reward at an artificial food source. metabolic rate increased with reward (sugar flow rate) at the food source. in addition, there was no clear-cut dependence of metabolic rate on load carried during the visit, neither as crop load nor as supplementary weights attached to the thorax. the hypothesi ... | 1992 | 1401337 |
| [levels of mercury in samples of bees and honey from areas with and without industrial contamination]. | increasing numbers of specialists have been concerned with the problem of friendly environment in relation to man as well as to farm and wild animals. greater interest in the biological monitoring of environment and ecosystem contamination can be observed. determination of residues of organic and inorganic substances in bees (apis mellifera) and in their products is one of effective possibilities of environmental pollution monitoring. our work was aimed at the study of mercury levels in bees and ... | 1992 | 1413402 |
| effect of caffeic acid esters on carcinogen-induced mutagenicity and human colon adenocarcinoma cell growth. | propolis, a honey bee hive product, is thought to exhibit a broad spectrum of activities including antibiotic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and tumor growth inhibition; some of the observed biological activities may be due to caffeic acid (cinnamic acid) esters that are present in propolis. in the present study we synthesized three caffeic acid esters, namely methyl caffeate (mc), phenylethyl caffeate (pec) and phenylethyl dimethylcaffeate (pedmc) and tested them against the 3,2'-dimethyl-4-amin ... | 1992 | 1423745 |
| percutaneous absorption of nicotinic acid, phenol, benzoic acid and triclopyr butoxyethyl ester through rat and human skin in vitro: further validation of an in vitro model by comparison with in vivo data. | the in vitro percutaneous absorption of three model compounds, nicotinic acid, phenol and benzoic acid, and the herbicide triclopyr butoxyethyl ester (triclopyr bee) has been investigated in flow-through diffusion cells using skin from male fischer 344 rats and humans. after the application of the four chemicals to the epidermal surface of unoccluded full-thickness rat skin, the absorption of each compound across the skin and into the receptor fluid at 72 hr reached 3.7 +/- 0.3, 5.7 +/- 0.6, 26. ... | 1992 | 1427512 |
| non-cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids (f2-isoprostanes) are formed in situ on phospholipids. | we recently reported the discovery of a series of bioactive prostaglandin f2-like compounds (f2-isoprostanes) that are produced in vivo by free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid independent of the cyclooxygenase enzyme. inasmuch as phospholipids readily undergo peroxidation, we examined the possibility that f2-isoprostanes may be formed in situ on phospholipids. initial support for this hypothesis was obtained by the finding that levels of free f2-isoprostanes measured after hyd ... | 1992 | 1438268 |
| [is penicillin g the drug of choice in gas gangrene? results of a prospective documentation of clinical, microbiological and animal experiment data]. | between 1978 and 1990 98 patients with gas gangrene were treated in the departments of general surgery and traumatology of the university of kiel. the microbiological results of tissue samples and results of animal infectious experiments were correlated to the clinical outcome. it could be shown, that gas gangrene due to c.perfringens alone had a higher mortality than gas gangrene due to polymicrobial infection. in trauma patients, however, the rate of amputations was lower in cases of clostridi ... | 1992 | 1441790 |
| detection of clostridium botulinum in natural sweetening. | various sugar products were examined for contamination with c. botulinum spores. type a, b and c spores were detected in three of 56 samples of sugar for apiculture, which may attest the significance of bee-feed as a source of contamination of honey. the heavy contamination of honey with c. botulinum spores sometimes encountered, however, can not be explained unless some other factors, e.g., that allowing germination and multiplication of the spores somewhere during honey production, are found. ... | 1992 | 1445754 |
| high-level expression in escherichia coli and rapid purification of enzymatically active honey bee venom phospholipase a2. | bee venom phospholipase a2 (bv-pla2) is a hydrolytic enzyme that specifically cleaves the sn-2 acyl bond of phospholipids at the lipid/water interface. the same enzyme is also believed to be responsible for some systemic anaphylactic reactions in bee venom sensitized individuals. to study the structure/function relationships of this enzyme and to define the molecular determinants responsible for its allergenic potential, a synthetic gene encoding the mature form of bv-pla2 was expressed in esche ... | 1992 | 1450215 |
| immunomodulatory action of propolis: iv. prophylactic activity against gram-negative infections and adjuvant effect of the water-soluble derivative. | the efficacy of the water-soluble derivative (wsd) of natural propolis (bee glue) was examined for augmentation of host resistance against experimental infections caused by gram-negative pathogens (klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus vulgaris, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa). the substance was found to induce significant non-specific protection, but did not inhibit the in vitro growth of the same strains. pretreatment with wsd prior to the standard scheme for tumour necrosis factor (tnf) in ... | 1992 | 1455907 |
| a direct-repeat sequence of the human bip gene is required for a23187-mediated inducibility and an inducible nuclear factor binding. | we have recently isolated a functional promoter encoding the human polypeptide-binding protein (bip) gene from burkitt's lymphoma cells by polymerase chain reaction (the embl data library accession number x59969, 1991). this promoter dna segment (termed bip670) was fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene and expressed in nih3t3 cells. bip670 retains basal and ca2+ ionophore a23187-inducible activities. using 5' deletion assay, we found three basal expression ... | 1992 | 1480470 |
| [detection of bacillus larvae in mixed populations of bacterial spores from larval remains]. | an accurate laboratory technique for the detection of bacillus larvae from larval remains of apis mellifera with mixed bacterial spore populations was developed. the incorporation of nalidixic acid to the culture medium (3 micrograms/ml) was a satisfactory procedure for the separation of bacillus larvae strains from bacillus alvei motile colonies. | 1992 | 1492951 |
| the in vitro action of a succussed substance on the proliferative response of human lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. | human peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy controls, immunodepressed patients presenting chronic bacterial infections or neoplasias and from allergic patients were stimulated in vitro with phytohemagglutinin (pha) in culture medium supplemented or not with 1 x 10(-7), 1 x 10(-15) or 1 x 10(-30) succussed dilutions or bee venom or phosphorus in tridistilled water. the most significant inhibition due to dna incorporation was noted in lymphocytes from allergic patients cultivated in media supp ... | 1992 | 1496261 |
| distinct n-glycan fucosylation potentials of three lepidopteran cell lines. | the fucosyltransferase activities of three insect cell lines, mb-0503 (from mamestra brassicae), bm-n (from bombyx mori) and sf-9 (from spodoptera frugiperda), were investigated and compared with that of honeybee venom glands. cell extracts and venom gland extracts were incubated with gdp-[14c]fucose and glycopeptides isolated from human igg and from bovine fibrin. the labeled oligosaccharide products were released by peptide-n4-(n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase a, fluorescence mark ... | 1992 | 1499571 |
| fuscoside: an anti-inflammatory marine natural product which selectively inhibits 5-lipoxygenase. part i: physiological and biochemical studies in murine inflammatory models. | the biological and biochemical pharmacology of fuscoside, a novel anti-inflammatory marine natural product isolated from the caribbean gorgonian eunicea fusca, has recently been characterized using murine (part i) and human (part ii) models of inflammation. topically applied fuscoside (fsd) effectively inhibits phorbol myristate acetate (pma)-induced edema in mouse ears at levels comparable with indomethacin over a 3.3-hr exposure period, and is significantly more efficacious than indomethacin o ... | 1992 | 1501127 |
| large-scale isolation and partial characterization of plasmid dna from b. larvae. | large-scale preparation of plasmid dna from two bacillus larvae strains 423 and 728, honey-bee pathogens, is described. the isolated plasmid dnas were analyzed by restriction enzyme mapping. no difference in the resulting maps was found for six restriction enzymes. the plasmid dnas were also compared by southern blot hybridization and by electron microscopy. the results confirmed the identity of these plasmid dnas. all these data suggest that b. larvae strains harbor the same plasmid. | 1992 | 1505875 |
| effect of diacylglycerols on the activity of cobra venom, bee venom, and pig pancreatic phospholipases a2. | the effects of a series of diacylglycerols (dags) with varying acyl chain lengths and degree of unsaturation on the activity of cobra venom, bee venom, and pig pancreatic phospholipases a2 (pl-a2s) were studied using two lipid substrates: dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dppc) or bovine liver phosphatidylcholine (bl-pc). the activities of the phospholipases critically depended on the chain length and degree of unsaturation of the added dags and on the chemical composition of the substrate. the ef ... | 1992 | 1510954 |
| immunochemical detection of group i and group ii phospholipases a2 in human serum. | time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay was developed for the detection of synovial-type phospholipase a2 (s-pla2) in human serum. this solid-phase, sandwich assay uses a polyclonal rabbit antibody raised against synovial-type group ii pla2 produced in escherichia coli. no cross-reactions were detected between s-pla2 and pla2 from human or porcine pancreas, human ascitic fluid, or bee or cobra venom. in healthy individuals, the average concentration of s-pla2 is 3.7 micrograms/l, with a 95% reference in ... | 1992 | 1526020 |
| rhabdomyonecrosis experimentally induced in wistar rats by africanized bee venom. | damage is reported to skeletal muscle experimentally induced in wistar rats by africanized bee venom (abv). rhabdomyonecrosis was demonstrated indirectly by increased serum levels of the enzymes aspartate-aminotransferase and total creatine kinase, and directly by necrosis and inflammation observed by standard light microscopy of skeletal muscle. to our knowledge, this is the first report of a systemic damaging effect of abv on skeletal muscle of experimentally envenomated rats. these data appea ... | 1992 | 1529465 |
| interaction of melittin with endotoxic lipid a. | several amphipathic and cationic substances are known to bind lipid a, the toxic component of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. in this report, we have characterized, by fluorescence methods, the interaction of melittin, an amphipathic and basic 26-residue polypeptide isolated from bee venom, with lipid a. the stoichiometry of the complex appears to be two molecules of melittin to one of lipid a with a dissociation constant of 2.5 x 10(-6) m. the binding of melittin not only modifies the endotoxic ... | 1992 | 1536865 |
| apamin, a highly potent fetal l-type ca2+ current blocker in single heart cells. | apamin, a bee venom polypeptide, was reported to block the naturally occurring ca2+ slow action potentials (aps) in cultured cell reaggregates from old chick hearts [bkaily, g. et al. am. j. physiol. 248 (heart circ. physiol. 17): h961-h965, 1985] as well as the tetrodotoxin (ttx)- and mn(2+)-insensitive slow na+ current in young embryonic chick heart cells (bkaily, g. in vitro toxicology. academic, in press; bkaily et al. j. mol. cell. cardiol. 23: 25-39, 1991). with the use of the whole cell v ... | 1992 | 1539705 |
| melittin resistance: a counterselection for ras transformation. | the prevalence of activated ras oncogenes in human primary tumors suggests a central role for this oncogene in human cancer. despite its ubiquitous distribution, the biochemical role of the oncogene remains unclear, and hence attempts to control its activity have been frustrated. this study demonstrates the ability of melittin, a 26 amino acid, amphipathic peptide from bee venom, to specifically select against cells in culture that express high levels of the ras oncogene. acquisition of resistan ... | 1992 | 1549345 |
| learning in honeybees (apis mellifera) as a function of sucrose concentration. | foraging honeybees (apis mellifera) were trained with 2 successively presented targets differing in color or odor, one of which always contained a 5-microliters drop of 50% sucrose solution and the other, a 5-microliters drop of 20% sucrose solution. latency of response to each target was measured during the training, and at the conclusion, preference was measured in an unrewarded choice test. analysis of the latencies showed both a prospective effect (faster response to the 50% target than to t ... | 1992 | 1555399 |
| characterization of a high affinity binding site for pancreatic-type phospholipase a2 in the rat. its cellular and tissue distribution. | we showed in an earlier study (arita, h., hanasaki, k., nakano, t., oka, s., teraoka, h., and matsumoto, k. (1991) j. biol. chem. 266, 19139-19141) that there is a high affinity and specific binding site for mammalian group i phospholipase a2 (pla2-i) in swiss 3t3 fibroblast cells. analysis of the cellular distribution in rat using 125i-pla2-i as a radioligand indicated the presence of this site in various cells, including vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmc), vascular endothelial cells, synovial ... | 1992 | 1556145 |
| two ascomycete classes based on fruiting-body characters and ribosomal dna sequence. | traditional fruiting body-based classification of ascomycetes has been under attack for 2 decades. fruiting-body types can converge, and few researchers now assume that either the closed fruiting bodies (cleistothecia) characterizing the class plectomycetes or the flask-shaped fruiting bodies (perithecia) characterizing the class pyrenomycetes are stable, unifying characters. unless we identify characters uniting major ascomycete groups, orders of ascomycetes remain narrowly defined, and supraor ... | 1992 | 1560763 |
| red-edge excitation fluorescence measurements of several two-tryptophan-containing proteins. | the dependence of the fluorescence emission maximum of the tryptophan residues in several two-tryptophan-containing proteins (horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, yeast 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, staphylococcus aureus metalloprotease and bee venom phospholipase a2) on the excitation wavelengths has been studied. using fluorescence-resolved spectroscopy, we have dissected the contributions of particular tryptophan residues located in different parts of the protein molecule. the results demonstrate ... | 1992 | 1587274 |
| bee venom phospholipase a2-specific t cell clones from human allergic and non-allergic individuals: cytokine patterns change in response to the antigen concentration. | protein antigens with both allergenic and immunoprotective properties represent appropriate molecules to study ige and igg regulation. we have established a panel of t cell clones specific to bee venom phospholipase a2 (pla) from human individuals allergic, hyposensitized or immune (protected) to bee sting. all clones obtained were cd3+, cd4+ and expressed alpha, beta t cell receptor. depending on the t cell clone, maximal stimulation required 1 to 100 micrograms/ml of pla, and the addition of i ... | 1992 | 1601030 |
| affinity labeling of endothelin receptors in bovine and rat lung membranes by n epsilon 9-azidobenzoyl-125i-endothelin-1. | endothelin-1 (et-1) is a potent, vasoconstrictive peptide isolated from culture media of vascular endothelial cells. the binding of et-1 to membrane preparations from rat and bovine lung was studied using radioiodinated et-1 (125i-et-1). with both membrane preparations, 125i-et-1 showed saturable binding to a single class of high affinity sites. scatchard analysis of the binding data gave dissociation constants (kd) for et-1 of 0.22 nm and 0.15 nm, and receptor densities (bmax) of 6.1 pmol/mg an ... | 1991 | 1657662 |
| identification of different receptor types for toxic phospholipases a2 in rabbit skeletal muscle. | oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus toxins 1 (os1) and 2 (os2) are two phospholipase a2s (pla2) isolated from the venom of the australian taipan snake. their iodinated derivatives have been used to characterize pla2 binding sites on rabbit skeletal muscle. competition and cross-linking experiments indicate that 125i-labelled os2 binding sites in rabbit skeletal muscle in vivo are distributed into two classes of receptors. one class binds os2 and os1 and is insensitive to the bee venom pla2. it is ... | 1991 | 1660004 |
| reduction of tracheal mite parasitism of honey bees by swarming. | based on population dynamics, tracheal mite (acarapis woodi) parasitism of colonies of honey bees (apis mellifera) appears to be, potentially at least, regulatory and stable. empirical and theoretical considerations suggest, however, that intracolony population dynamics of mite-honey bee worker seem to be unstable in managed situations where honey bee worker population is allowed to grow unchecked. experimental studies showed that tracheal mite population levels increased in a managed honey bee ... | 1991 | 1674151 |
| a comparison of extracellular and intracellular recordings from medial septum/diagonal band neurons in vitro. | firing patterns, action potential characteristics and some active membrane properties of guinea-pig medial septum/diagonal band neurons were studied in an in vitro slice preparation. a comparison was made between several types of cells classified according to either extracellularly recorded (n = 130) or intracellularly recorded (n = 30) electrophysiological characteristics. using multi-barrel extracellular electrodes, three principal cell types were distinguished: slow rhythmic firing cells (29% ... | 1991 | 1680227 |
| epitope mapping of apamin by means of monoclonal antibodies raised against free or carrier-coupled peptide. | a panel of 20 monoclonal antibodies raised against the bee-venom peptide apamin (18 residues, 2 disulfide bridges) was prepared. nine monoclonal antibodies (mab) were obtained from a mouse immunized with free apamin and 11 from a mouse immunized with a mixture of free and carrier-coupled peptide. using a panel of 11 synthetic apamin analogs, we examined the fine antigenic specificity of each antibody. the mab generated against free apamin preferentially bound to the central part of the peptide a ... | 1990 | 1696354 |
| ultrastructural localization of prolactin-like antigenic determinants in neurosecretory cells in the brain of the honeybee (apis mellifica). | with two different antisera to human prolactin (hprl), the ultrastructural localization of prl-like material in the bee brain is examined by means of the protein-a-gold method at the electron microscopical level. labelling is found in electron-dense granules of medium size (150-200 nm in diameter) for the first time in insects. such granules are distributed in the cytoplasm of the neurosecretory cells, their axons and their axon-terminals. the electron-dense granule is one criterion for identify ... | 1990 | 1699860 |
| calcium-activated potassium channels in basolateral membranes of colon epithelial cells; reconstitution and functional properties. | using differential sedimentation, isopycnic and ficoll-400 barrier centrifugation, basolateral membrane vesicles of surface and crypt cells of the rabbit distal colon were enriched 34- and 9-fold, respectively. 86rb(+)-uptake into these vesicles, driven by an electrical potential difference, was stimulated by submicromolar ca2+ activities and inhibited by ba2+. these findings indicate the presence of ca2(+)-activated k+ channels. the k+ channels in surface and crypt cell membranes differed with ... | 1990 | 1701591 |
| mast cell degranulating peptide: a multi-functional neurotoxin. | this review discusses our present knowledge of the structure and activities of the mast cell degranulating peptide (mcdp). this peptide is a basic, 22 amino acid residue component of honey bee venom with striking immunological and pharmacological activities. mcdp is a potent anti-inflammatory agent, but at low concentrations it is a strong mediator of mast cell degranulation and histamine release. mcdp is also an epileptogenic neurotoxin, an avid blocker of the potassium channels and can cause a ... | 1990 | 1703229 |
| murine ige and igg responses to melittin and its analogs. | melittin, a bee-venom peptide of 26 amino acids, induces ige and igg responses in man and animals. the antibody response was shown previously to be specific primarily for the c-terminal 6 residues and its t cell epitope in h-2d restricted mice was shown to be in residue 11-19 of melittin. to study the relationship of peptide structure and immunogenicity in mice, we have prepared a series of melittin analogs varied in length and composition at the c-terminus. immunogenicity of the analogs for igg ... | 1991 | 1707915 |
| suppression of adenovirus type 5 e1a-mediated transformation and expression of the transformed phenotype by caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape). | viral transformation and dna-transfection assays were employed to investigate the differential toxic effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape), an extract of the honeybee hive product propolis, on adenovirus type 5 (ad5)-transformed cloned rat embryo fibroblast (cref) cells. cape inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, both de novo and carcinogen-enhanced transformation of cref cells by h5hr1, the cold-sensitive (cs) host-range mutant of ad5. cape had a selective inhibitory effect on ad5-indu ... | 1991 | 1712205 |
| anti-inflammatory effect of gangliosides in the rat hindpaw edema test. | the influence of total brain gangliosides on acute inflammation was investigated using the rat hind paw edema test. total gangliosides (10 micrograms/paw) inhibited the edema produced by the injection of bee venom phospholipase a2 (5 micrograms/paw) when the lipids were co-injected or injected 15 min before the phospholipase a2. sulphatide (10 micrograms/paw) did not inhibit the edema but potentiated it. gangliosides (40 micrograms/paw) inhibited the edema induced by carrageenin 1% when they wer ... | 1991 | 1716576 |
| glycosylation-inhibiting factor from human t cell hybridomas constructed from peripheral blood lymphocytes of a bee venom-sensitive allergic patient. | human t cell hybridomas, which constitutively secrete glycosylation inhibiting factor (gif), were constructed from pbl of an allergic individual who was sensitive to honey bee venom. pbmc of the patient were stimulated with either denatured or cyanogen bromide-treated bee venom phospholipase a2 (pla2), and ag-activated cells were propagated by il-2 in the presence of human recombinant lipocortin i. t cells obtained in the cultures were fused with a hat-sensitive mutant of the human lymphoblastoi ... | 1992 | 1730869 |
| scyllatoxin, a blocker of ca(2+)-activated k+ channels: structure-function relationships and brain localization of the binding sites. | chemical modifications of scyllatoxin (leiurustoxin i) have shown that two arginines in the sequence, arg6 and arg13, are essential both for binding to the ca(2+)-activated k+ channel protein and for the functional effect of the toxin. his31 is important both for the binding activity of the toxin and for the induction of contractions on taenia coli. however, although its iodination drastically decreases the toxin activity, it does not abolish it. chemical modification of lysine residues or of gl ... | 1992 | 1731919 |
| localization of retinal photoisomerase in the compound eye of the honeybee. | the distribution of honeybee retinal photoisomerase, a soluble light-requiring enzyme that stereospecifically forms 11-cis retinal, was investigated by immunoelectron microscopy and by hplc. immunolocalization with polyclonal antibodies shows that the highest concentration of retinal photoisomerase is located in the proximal portion of the primary pigment cells in large aggregates (approximately 2 microns diameter). photoisomerase is also located in the peripheral portion of the photoreceptor ce ... | 1991 | 1751415 |
| antibacterial, antifungal, antiamoebic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic studies on propolis bee products. | | 1991 | 1753797 |
| oriental orchid (cymbidium pumilum) attracts drones of the japanese honeybee (apis cerana japonica) as pollinators. | the discovery that drones of the japanese honeybee (apis cerana japonica) pollinate the oriental orchid (cymbidium pumilum) is reported. drones are attracted to the orchid flower aroma mainly during their mating flights in april through may. some drones cluster on the flower racemes and others insert their heads deep into the flowers. drones with pollinia on their scutellum visit other orchids, which facilitates pollination. individual workers and swarming colonies are also strongly attracted by ... | 1991 | 1765136 |
| glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (g-3-pdh; ec 1.1.1.8) variation in brazilian stingless bees and in wasp species. | in only 1 bee species (tetragona clavipes) of 24 sampled in 145 colonies (0.69%) did we detect the presence of more than one allele for glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.8), an enzyme that is involved in flight. in 34 colonies containing 9 wasp species, 5 colonies of only 2 species (polybia paulista and p. sericea) showed variation in larval g-3-pdh (14.7%). the small amount of variation observed for the g-3-pdh-1 locus in the bee and wasp species analyzed in the present study agrees ... | 1991 | 1772396 |
| melittin-induced conformational changes in human lens protein. | circular dichroism and fluorescence measurements showed a reduced conformational order in proteins of a normal human lens when they were incubated in vitro with melittin, a bee venom peptide. since melittin is also known to react with lipids to induce a breakdown of vesicular structure, the observed denaturation of water-soluble proteins of a human lens that developed a cataract due to multiple bee stings may be accounted for by the effects of melittin to some extent. the melittin-induced decrea ... | 1991 | 1782805 |
| association of features of atopy and diagnostic parameters in hymenoptera venom allergy. | in a total of 525 patients with hypersensitivity reactions to hymenoptera stings diagnostic parameters of hymenoptera venom (hv) allergy (severity of reactions, skin test threshold and rast for bee and vespid venoms) were investigated for their relationship to the following indicators of atopy: positive history of atopic diseases, elevated (less than or equal to 100 ku/l) total serum ige and positive prick test reactions to common inhalant allergens (cia) (grass pollen, cat epithelium, house dus ... | 1991 | 1789397 |
| agn 190383, a novel phospholipase inhibitor with topical anti-inflammatory activity. | agn 190383 is a 5-hydroxy-2(5h)-furanone ring analog of the marine natural product manoalide. when applied topically, agn 190383 inhibits phorbol ester induced mouse ear edema. it is a potent inhibitor of bee venom phospholipase a2 and blocks the release of arachidonic acid from calcium ionophore a23187 stimulated human neutrophils. agn 190383 also inhibits both hormone-operated and depolarization-dependent calcium mobilization in gh3 cells, as well as fmlp stimulated increases in free cytosolic ... | 1991 | 1793055 |
| pharmacologic characterization of muscarinic receptors of insect brains. | muscarinic receptors in brain membranes from honey bees, houseflies, and the american cockroach were identified by their specific binding of the non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist [3h]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3h]qnb) and the displacement of this binding by agonists as well as subtype-selective antagonists, using filtration assays. the binding parameters, obtained from scatchard analysis, indicated that insect muscarinic receptors, like those of mammalian brains, had high affinities fo ... | 1991 | 1802028 |
| [study of hormone replacement therapy following total thyroidectomy in thyroid cancer--with special reference to the analysis of thyroid hormone peripheral effects, using indirect calorimetry]. | peripheral effects of thyroid hormones were examined using an indirect calorimetry in 18 patients with thyroid cancer before and after total thyroidectomy. peripheral effects of exogenous thyroid hormones in tsh-suppression therapy after thyroidectomy were also studied. the subjects were maintained without hormone replacement for 3 weeks after total thyroidectomy. the ratio of resting energy expenditure to basal energy expenditure (ree/bee) was determined before operation, before hormone replace ... | 1991 | 1809878 |
| expression of honeybee prepromelittin as a fusion protein in escherichia coli. | strategies for the expression of precursors of eukaryotic secreted proteins as part of fused proteins in escherichia coli have been explored. a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase at the n-terminal end and honeybee prepromelittin at the c-terminal end (beta-gal-pm) was expressed in low amounts as a cleaved polypeptide, from which the promelittin portion had been removed. inclusion in the induction culture of 10 mm mgcl2 or 8.3% (v/v) ethanol, inhibitors of signal peptidase, gave rise to the f ... | 1991 | 1821810 |
| [mites (acarida) of honey bee (apis mellifera l.) in poland]. | 400 samples of natural winter debris collected from bee hives, 150 samples of stored honey and 100 samples of pollen collected by bees were examined; full of food and empty honey combs, brood and adult bees were also observed. 100% of samples of debris, 90% of pollen and almost 24% of honey samples contained mites; they were found also on honey combs and on died and living bees (brood, imagines). 33 mite species were found. besides of parasite varroa jacobsoni oud. numerous mites belonging to ac ... | 1991 | 1823503 |
| peculiarities in ontogenesis and reproductive cycle of the mite varroa jacobsoni (parasitiformes, varroidae) and its relation to the host apis mellifera. | on the basis on functional morphology and ecology of varroa jacobsoni the reproductive cycle of female mites was divided into 5 stages: copulation, puberty, preoviposition, oviposition, rehabilitation. the whole ontogeny from egg to formed protonymph in the chorion proceeds very intensively (26 to 30 hours). besides the reproductive potential is realized during an extremely short period (6 to 7 days) which duration is determined by the total duration of the mite's ontogeny, so that the developme ... | 1991 | 1823505 |
| membrane interactions of amphiphilic polypeptides mastoparan, melittin, polymyxin b, and cardiotoxin. differential inhibition of protein kinase c, ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii and synaptosomal membrane na,k-atpase, and na+ pump and differentiation of hl60 cells. | interactions of certain naturally occurring, amphiphilic polypeptides with membranes were investigated. mastoparan (wasp venom toxin), melittin (bee venom toxin), cardiotoxin (cobra venom toxin), and polymyxin b (antibacterial antibiotic) inhibited protein kinase c stimulated by phosphatidylserine bilayer or arachidonate monomer and blocked binding of [3h] phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate to protein kinase c in the presence of phosphatidylserine bilayer, with ic50 values (concentrations causing 50% inhi ... | 1991 | 1847132 |
| gdp-fucose: beta-n-acetylglucosamine (fuc to (fuc alpha 1----6glcnac)-asn-peptide)alpha 1----3-fucosyltransferase activity in honeybee (apis mellifica) venom glands. the difucosylation of asparagine-bound n-acetylglucosamine. | incubation of honeybee (apis mellifica) venom-gland extracts with gdp-[14c]fucose and glcnac beta 1----2man alpha 1----6(glcnac beta 1----2man alpha 1----3)man beta 1----4glcnac beta 1----4(fuc alpha 1----6)glcnac beta 1----n-asn-peptide(nac) gave a labeled product in 40% yield. analysis by 500-mhz 1h-nmr spectroscopy indicated the transferred fucose-(fuc) residue to be alpha 1----3-linked to the asn-bound glcnac. further proof was provided by one-dimensional and two-dimensional 1h-nmr analysis ... | 1991 | 1868856 |
| multiplication and persistence of spiroplasma melliferum strain a56 in experimentally infected suckling mice. | strain a56 of the bee pathogen spiroplasma melliferum was isolated from a honeybee (apis mellifera) during ecological studies on mosquito spiroplasmas in savoie (france). when inoculated intracerebrally (i.c.) into 48-h old suckling mice, this strain was found to replicate to very high titres and to persist in brain for up to 9 months in one individual. we attempted to increase the "neurotropism" of a56 by sequential i.c. passages. during the first two passages, multiplication of the organisms w ... | 1991 | 1871426 |
| pore-forming peptide of pathogenic entamoeba histolytica. | a polypeptide that causes pore formation in target-cell membranes is implicated in the potent cytolytic activity of pathogenic entamoeba histolytica. pore-forming material was purified to apparent homogeneity by a multistep procedure, and its analysis by nadodso4/page revealed one peptide of 4-5 kda under nonreducing or under reducing conditions. pore-forming activity was measured by depolarization of liposome membrane potential and was found to be optimally expressed at low ph. active material ... | 1991 | 1881907 |
| [studies on detection of serum iga and igg antibodies specific for chlamydia trachomatis in latent infections in males]. | we determined the serum concentrations of iga and igg antibodies specific for chlamydia trachomatis (c. trachomatis) by an indirect immunoperoxidase assay (ipazyme kit, savyon diagnostics, ltd., bee, shova, israel) to evaluate their diagnostic significance in latent infections in males. forty-five asymptomatic males whose wife or partner was suspected to be infected with c. trachomatis were studied and the incidence of serum iga (titer greater than or equal to 16) and igg (titer greater than or ... | 1991 | 1895621 |
| comparison of the catalytic properties of phospholipase a2 from pancreas and venom using a continuous fluorescence displacement assay. | phospholipases a2 from pig pancreas and the venoms from bee, naja naja and crotalus atrox have been studied by using a new continuous fluorescence displacement assay that utilizes normal phospholipid substrates [wilton (1990) biochem. j. 266, 435-439]. with limiting amounts of substrate, the assay demonstrated stoichiometric conversion into products with both pancreatic and venom enzymes, and thus would allow phospholipid determination at concentrations down to about 0.1 microm. the substrate sp ... | 1991 | 1898370 |
| mast cell degranulating (mcd) peptide and its optical isomer activate gtp binding protein in rat mast cells. | the mcd peptide in bee venom induces degranulation in mast cells. the internal calcium concentration of mast cells increased and remained high following mcd stimulation. this calcium increase was blocked by pertussis toxin (ptx) treatment, suggesting that mcd peptide activates ptx-sensitive g-protein. even in the absence of external calcium in the incubation medium, the calcium concentration increased by mcd treatment, but soon returned to the original level. d-mcd, the optical isomer of the mcd ... | 1991 | 1908786 |
| kinetic characterization of phospholipase a2 modified by manoalogue. | manoalogue, a synthetic analogue of the sea sponge-derived manoalide, has been previously shown to partially inactivate the phospholipase a2 from cobra venom (reynolds, l. j., morgan, b. p., hite, e. d., mihelich, e. d., & dennis, e. a. (1988) j. am. chem. soc. 110, 5172) by reacting with enzyme lysine residues. in the present study, the inactivation of the phospholipases a2 from pig pancreas, bee venom, and cobra (naja naja naja) venom by manoalogue was studied in detail. manoalogue-treated enz ... | 1991 | 1911741 |
| novel proliferative effect of phospholipase a2 in swiss 3t3 cells via specific binding site. | phospholipase a2 (pla2), ec 3.1.1.4, which catalyzes the release of free fatty acids from the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids, has been extensively studied from the viewpoint of eicosanoid production (arita, h., nakano, t., and hanasaki, k. (1989) prog. lipid res. 28, 273-301). several lines of evidence suggest that extracellular pla2 is pathophysiologically related to some disorders, including inflammation and hypersensitivity. despite this, little is known of the precise mechanism of the ... | 1991 | 1918029 |
| apamin binding sites in human c6 cell line and their accessibility to monoclonal antibodies. | apamin, a 18-amino acid bee venom toxic peptide specifically blocks a class of ca(2+)-activated k+ channels. i) mono 125i-iodoapamin binds to receptor sites in a human neuroglial cell line (c6 line) but not in human cell lines from pancreatic (rin5f line) and colonic origin (ht29 line). ii) receptor-bound apamin is still accessible to a large molecule since some anti-apamin monoclonal antibodies recognize apamin when bound to its receptor, both in intact cells of the human c6 glioma line and in ... | 1990 | 1966607 |
| purification and pharmacological characterization of peptide toxins from the black mamba (dendroaspis polylepis) venom. | this paper reports the purification of 28 different peptides from the venom of the snake dendroaspis polylepis. these peptides represent 99% of the total peptide fraction in the venom. the 14 most cationic peptides form a structurally and functionally homogeneous group of analogs of the most abundant dendrotoxin toxin i (dtxi). they recognize antibodies raised against dtxi as well as brain membrane binding sites corresponding to k+ channels that are sensitive to dtxi and the bee venom peptide mc ... | 1990 | 1977212 |
| homeobox containing genes in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans. | we designed a unique 36-mer oligonucleotide probe, based on the most highly conserved amino acid sequences of antennapedia-like homeodomains and the codon bias of caenorhabditis elegans. this probe was then used to isolate four classes of genes from a c. elegans genomic library. sequencing reveals that we have isolated three new homeobox genes, designated ceh-1, ceh-9 and ceh-10. the fourth homeobox gene, ceh-11, has recently been described by schaller et al (nucleic acids res. 18, 2033-2036). t ... | 1990 | 1978282 |
| hemolytic potency and phospholipase activity of some bee and wasp venoms. | 1. the action of crude venoms of four aculeate species: apis mellifera, vespa crabro, vespula germanica and vespula vulgaris on human erythrocytes was investigated in order to determine the lytic and phospholipase activity of different aculeate venoms and their ability to induce red blood cell hemolysis. 2. bee venom was the only extract to completely lyse red blood cells at the concentration of 2-3 micrograms/ml. 3. phospholipase activity in all of the examined vespid venoms was similar and the ... | 1990 | 1981342 |
| evidence that a 16-kilodalton integral membrane protein antigen from schistosoma japonicum adult worms is a type a2 phospholipase. | type a2 phospholipase (pla2) activity has been observed in integral membrane protein extracts of schistosoma japonicum. antiserum raised against bee venom pla2 recognized a single 16-kda band in the parasite extracts; it also localized to antigen in the gut lining of fixed adult schistosomes as shown by immunofluorescence techniques. evidence was obtained that the molecule was expressed at low levels in comparison with other integral membrane proteins and was weakly immunogenic in rabbits. two o ... | 1991 | 2004822 |
| geographical overlap of two mitochondrial genomes in spanish honeybees (apis mellifera iberica). | restriction enzyme cleavage maps of mitochondrial dna from the spanish honeybee, apis mellifera iberica (hymenoptera: apidae), were compared with those from the european subspecies a. m. mellifera, a. m. ligustica, and a. m. carnica, and the african subspecies a. m. intermissa and a. m. scutellata. the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the two african subspecies can be distinguished by restriction fragment polymorphisms revealed by hinf i digests. two distinct mtdna types were found among spanish hon ... | 1991 | 2013694 |
| enhanced secretion from insect cells of a foreign protein fused to the honeybee melittin signal peptide. | the baculovirus/insect cell system has been remarkably successful in yielding high levels of synthesis of many proteins which have been difficult to synthesize in other host/vector systems. the system is also capable of secreting heterologous proteins, but with generally low efficiency. we have increased the efficiency of secretion of the system by using signal peptides of insect origin to direct the secretion of a foreign protein. the precursor of the plant cysteine protease papain (propapain) ... | 1991 | 2016060 |
| generation of a long-lived ige response in high and low responder strains of rat by co-administration of ricin and antigen. | certain strains of rats infested with the nematode parasite nippostrongulus brasiliensis mount vigorous, persistent immunoglobulin e (ige) responses. in the absence of parasites, adjuvants such as bordatella pertussis or al(oh)3 are needed to produce ige responses to soluble antigens. these are short-lived, even in high ige responder strains. in this study we have produced long-lived ige responses in both low (wistar) and high (brown norway) ige responder strains of rats by repeated injections o ... | 1991 | 2016124 |
| snake venom cardiotoxins and bee venom melittin activate phospholipase c activity in primary cultures of skeletal muscle. | the effects of cardiotoxin fractions from naja naja kaouthia and naja naja atra snake venoms and synthetic melittin peptide were examined on lipolytic activity in red blood cells and primary skeletal muscle cultures. both native cardiotoxin fractions caused considerable production of free fatty acids in red blood cells. this production was abolished when the fractions were first treated with p-bromophenacyl bromide to reduce the venom phospholipase a2 activity contamination. in equine and human ... | 1991 | 2054159 |
| association of exogenous dna with cattle and insect spermatozoa in vitro. | spermatozoa isolated from domestic cattle (bos taurus), the australian sheep blowfly (lucilia cuprina), and the honeybee (apis mellifera) are capable of binding exogenous radiolabeled linear dna. both motile and nonmotile bovine sperm exhibit four distinct patterns of dna association. following treatment with dnase i, the relative proportion of one of these patterns increases specifically in living sperm, suggesting that a small proportion of dna that associates with bovine sperm may be sequeste ... | 1991 | 2054177 |
| human fatalities caused by wasp and bee stings in sweden. | bee and wasp stings represent an uncommon cause of death. in a retrospective study of all fatalities due to venomous animals in sweden during a 10-year-period, we found 19 fatalities due to wasps, 1 due to bees but none due to snake bite. this gives an annual incidence of 0.2 per million inhabitants. most of the deceased were older than 50 years and had an underlying cardiovascular disease while previous severe reactions after insect stings were uncommon. the number of stings was not a factor of ... | 1991 | 2054310 |
| calcium-regulated interactions of human alpha-lactalbumin with bee venom melittin. | affinity chromatography, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy methods have been used to study the interaction of melittin, a 26-residue peptide from bee venom, with ca2(+)-binding alpha-lactalbumin from human milk. it has been revealed that melittin binds to the apo- and acidic states of alpha-lactalbumin while the presence of ca2+ makes the interaction essentially weaker. the association constant for the complex of melittin with apo-alpha-lactalbumin determined from spectropolarimet ... | 1991 | 2059662 |
| range perception through apparent image speed in freely flying honeybees. | when negotiating a narrow gap, honeybees tend to fly through the middle of the gap, balancing the distances to the boundary on either side. to investigate the basis of this "centering response," bees were trained to fly through a tunnel on their way to a feeding site and back, while their flight trajectories were filmed from above. the wall on either side carried a visual pattern. when the patterns were stationary vertical gratings, bees tended to fly through the middle of the tunnel, i.e. along ... | 1991 | 2069903 |
| rapid activation of the non-toxic basic isoform of phospholipase a2 from naja mossambica mossambica (spitting cobra) by long-chain fatty acylation. | purified phospholipase a2 from naja naja (common indian cobra) venom, a basic non-toxic isoform and a toxic isoform from naja mossambica mossambica venom were treated with an equimolar amount of oleoyl imidazolide, a known activator of bee venom phospholipase a2. the ability of the first two enzymes to induce erythrocyte lysis was strongly activated while hydrolysis of dioctanoyl phosphatidyl choline was only weakly activated. the toxic enzyme showed little change in either assay. the susceptibl ... | 1990 | 2080519 |
| projectin is an invertebrate connectin (titin): isolation from crayfish claw muscle and localization in crayfish claw muscle and insect flight muscle. | a filamentous protein was isolated from crayfish claw muscle. this protein had physiochemical properties very similar to vertebrate skeletal muscle connectin (titin), although its apparent molecular mass (approximately 1200 kda) was considerably lower than that of connectin (approximately 3000 kda). polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies against chicken skeletal muscle connectin reacted with the 1200 kda protein from crayfish claw muscle. conversely, polyclonal antibodies against crayfish 1 ... | 1990 | 2084147 |
| antibiotic activity of natural products: 1. propolis. | material extracted from propolis (bee glue) by alkaline aqueous solvents or organic solvents showed weak inhibitory activity in vitro against certain species of gram-positive bacteria. no antimicrobial activity was detected in urine from three volunteers who had taken 500 mg propolis three times a day for 3 days. | 1990 | 2110610 |
| purification and characterization of honey bee vitellogenin. | a protocol has been developed for the purification of vitellogenin from the honey bee, apis mellifera. purification allows for the first characterization of a vitellogenin from the large order hymenoptera. hymenopteran vitellogenins are unusual among insect vitellogenins in that they contain only one type of apoprotein. the honey bee vitellogenin was isolated from hemolymph of honey bee queens by a combination of density gradient ultracentrifugation, ion-exchange chromatography, and affinity chr ... | 1990 | 2134180 |